考博英语翻译
考博英语翻译技巧实例
考博英语翻译技巧实例1。
In l664 the great English diarist，John Evelyn，published，with the approval of the Royal Society of London，a book Sylva or a Discourse of Forest Trees in which one sees，perhaps for the first time，a realization that trees，then so important in the construction of ships，were indeed becoming sadly depleted and that something urgently needed to be done by way of deliberate planting to ensure enough for the future.1664．年，英国伟大的日记作家J·Evelyn，经伦敦皇家学会批准出版了一部森林志，即《林木论》。
在这本著作中，人们可以说是第一次了解到一个现实：当时，在造船业中如此重要的树木的确正在悲惨地遭到浩劫；必须采取紧急措施，通过认真植树以便确保未来有足够的树木。
(with．．．London介词短语作条件状语修饰published，其宾语是a book。
在which 定语从句中，one泛指人们。
a realization是谓语sees的宾语。
so important in...ship是非限定性定语，用来修饰trees。
句中两个that均引导同位语从句用来揭示realization的概念内涵。
)2．As a magnetic material becomes more and more magnetized，more and more of its magnetic domains line up，with their north poles a11 pointing inone direction and their south poles in the opposite direction．随着材料的磁性变强，材料中越来越多的磁畴便会排列起来，其N极均指向一个方向，而S极则指向相反的方向。
考博英语翻译真题汇总(汉译英-英译汉)
我的一个好朋友最近接受了白血病测试。
她对我说，最令人痛苦的折磨就是苦苦等待测试结果的那一周时间。
我朋友说，她可能会学着直面坏结果。
但真正让人煎熬焦虑的是那种茫然的感觉。
孟克(Edvard Munch)的名画《呐喊》哈佛大学心理学家吉尔伯特(Daniel Gilbert)不久前在《纽约时报》(New York Times)的专栏中写道，不知道要发生什么坏事比知道什么坏事要发生的感觉更糟。
我们大多数人之所以会夜不能寐、抽烟发泄，并不是因为道琼斯指数要再跌1000点，而是因为我们不知道道指会不会下跌──不确定的感觉比不确定的事情本身更折磨人。
【英文】A close friend of mine recently underwent tests for leukemia. The most agonizing part of the ordeal, she said, was the week-long wait for the test results. A bad outcome she could learn to cope with, my friend said. It was the not knowing, the uncertainty, that was so difficult.'People feel worse when something bad might occur than when something bad will occur,' wrote Harvard psychologist Daniel Gilbert in a recent New York Times op-ed. 'Most of us aren't losing sleep and sucking down Marlboros because the Dow is going to fall another thousand points, but because we don't know whether it will fall or not ─ and human beings find uncertainty more painful than the things they're uncertain about.'一艘货轮卸货后在浩瀚的大海上返航时，突然遭遇了可怕的风暴。
2016年考博英语翻译技巧：示例详解
1.改变词类(Conversion) 英语⼀个词能充当的句⼦成分较少，充当不同成分时常常要改变词类。
最常见的是将英语的名词或形容词转换成汉语的动词。
Insulin is used in the treatment of diabetes. 胰岛素⽤于治疗糖尿病。
This issue is of paramount importance. 这个问题极其重要。
Formality has always characterized their relationship. 他们之间的关系有⼀个特点，就是相敬如宾。
As the war progressed, he would symbolize their frustrations, the embodiment of all evils. 随着战争的进⾏，他成了受挫的象征，成了万恶的化⾝。
It leads the discussions to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. (34 words ) (1997. 73) 这种说法从⼀开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使⼈们认为该这样对待动物：要么像对待⼈类⾃⾝⼀样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠⽆情。
Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. (27 words) (1997. 72) ⼈们之所以关注历史研究的⽅法论，主要是因为史学界内意见不⼀，其次是因为外界并不认为历史是⼀门学问。
医学考博英语翻译训练题
医学考博英语翻译训练题：艾滋之谜揭晓An AIDS Mystery Solved（1）About 15 years ago，a well－meaning man donated blood to the Red Cross in Sydney，Australia，not knowing he has been exposed to HIV－1，the virus that causes AIDS．Much later，public－health officials learned that some of the people who got transfusions？containing his blood had become infected with the same virus；presumably they were almost sure to die．But as six years stretched to 10，then to 14，the anxiety of health officials gave way to astonishment．Although two of the recipients have died from other causes，not one of the seven people known to have received transfusions of the man’s contaminated blood has come down with AIDS．More telling still，the donor，a sexually active homosexual，is also healthy．In fact his immune system remains as robust as if he had never tangled with HIV at all．What could explain such unexpected good fortune？（2）A team of Australian scientists has finally solved the mystery．The virus that the donor contracted and then passed on，the team reported last week in the journal Science．contains flaws in its genetic script that appear to have rendered it innocuous？．“Not only have the recipients and the donor not progressed to disease for 15 years，” marvels molecular biologist Nicholas Deacon of Australia’s Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Re－search，“but the prediction is that they never will．” Deacon speculates that this “impotent”HIV may even be a natural inoculant？that protects its carriers against more virulent strains？of the virus，much as infection with cowpox warded off smallpox in 18th－century milkmaids．（3）If this ______ proves right，it will mark a milestone in the battle to contain the late－20th century’s most terrible epidemic．For in addition to explaining why this small group of people infected with HIV has not become sick，the discovery of a viral strain that works like a vaccine would have far－reaching implications．“What these results suggest，” says Dr．Barney Graham of Tennessee’s Vanderbilt University，“is that HIV is vulnerable and that it is possible to stimulate effective immunity against it．”（4）The strain of HIV that popped up？in Sydney intrigues scientists because it contains striking abnormalities in a gene that is believed to stimulate viral duplication．In fact，the virus is missing so much of this particular gene — known as nef，for negative factor — that it is hard to imagine how the gene could perform any useful function．And sure enough，while the Sydney virus retains the ability to infect T cells — white blood cells that are critical to theimmune system’s ability to ward off infection — it makes so few copies of itself that the most powerful molecular tools can barely detect its presence．Some of the infected Australians，for example，were found to carry as few as one or two copies of the virus for every 100000 T cells．People with AIDS，by contrast，are burdened with viral loads thousands of times higher．（5）At the very least，the nef gene offers an attractive target for drug developers．If its activity can be blocked，suggests Deacon，researchers might be able to hold the progression of disease at bay，even in people who have developed full－blown AIDS．The need for better AIDS－fighting drugs was underscored last week by the actions of a U．S．Food and Drug Administration advisory panel，which recommended speedy approval of two new AIDS drugs，including the first of a new class of compounds called protease？inhibitors？．Although FDA commissioner David Kessler was quick to praise the new drugs，neither medication can prevent or cure AIDS once it has taken hold．（6）What scientists really want is a vaccine that can prevent infection altogether．And that’s what makes the Sydney virus so promising — and so controversial．Could HIV itself，stripped of nef and adjacent sections of genetic material，provide the basis for such a vaccine，as Deacon and his colleagues cautiously suggest？Ongoing work on SIV，the simian？immunodeficiency virus that causes an AIDS－like illness in monkeys，indicates that this might be less far－fetched than it sounds．Ronald Desrosiers at the New England Regional Primate Re－search Center has demonstrated that when the nef gene is removed from SIV，the virus no longer has the power to make monkeys sick．Moreover，monkeys inoculated？with the nef free SIV developed marked resistance to the more virulent strain．（7）But few scientists are enthusiastic about testing the proposition by injecting HIV — however weakened — into millions of people who have never been infected．After all，they note，HIV is a retrovirus？，a class of infectious agents known for their alarming ability to integrate their own genes into the DNA of the cells they infect．Thus once it takes effect，a retrovirus infection —unlike those of viruses that cause measles，smallpox and any number of others diseases — is permanent．While some retroviruses are benign，others can strike without warning．Some remain hidden for years，only to trigger disease late in life when the immune system starts to decrease．（8）This makes vaccine development extremely risky．A weakened strain of SIV that protected adult monkeys，for example，looked safe untilresearchers at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute in Boston showed that newborn monkeys with immature immune systems did not respond as healthy adults do．All the young primates，in fact，developed the very disease the weakened virus was supposed to prevent．For this and a host of other reasons，most AIDS researchers argue that the only prudent strategy is to concoct？a hybrid？vaccine，putting the key features of a disabled AIDS virus into something more benign than a retrovirus．Among the leading candidates：the vaccinia virus that successfully wiped out smallpox．（9）A handful of researchers，however，argue that the more dangerous retroviral vaccine should not be written off prematurely．Desrosiers，for one，believes the situation in parts of the developing world （where the chance of HIV infection may reach 40% among sexually active adults）has become so desperate that a retroviral vaccine may be worth the ______．A live vaccine made from HIV，he maintains，can be made safer by removing not just the nef gene but several others as well．Desrosiers has found that he can cripple HIV by chemically deleting four of its nine known genes and still get a virus that replicates，at least in chimpanzees．（10）At present，concerns about safety are so overwhelming that efforts to develop a live retroviral vaccine are unlikely to win much support．But that could change as studies of long－term survivors — that small，charmed circle of people who have been infected with the AIDS virus but have remained disease-free — provide new insights into the weaknesses of the viral enemy and the untapped strengths of its human targets．“These individuals，” observes Dr．Warner Greene，director of the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology in San Francisco，“are natural experiments，and they hold a great secret that we are still trying to decipher？．” Indeed，it is entirely possible that the eight Australians who have caused such a stir will be cited by medical texts as the first people on the planet to be successfully，if accidentally，vaccinated against the AIDS virus — a virus that until now has seemed all but invincible．【译文】艾滋之谜揭晓（1）大约在15年前，澳大利亚悉尼有一位人士好心向红十字会捐血，不知道自己已感染HIV－1型——这是造成艾滋病的病毒。
清华大学考博英语必备翻译知识点与例句
清华大学考博英语必备翻译知识点与例句1.When I fetched the sketch on the stretcher I found the secretary's secret.当我拿来担架上的素描时我发现了秘书的秘密.2.The mutual spirits inspired us to reach the annual aim.相互的精神鼓舞了我们达到年度目标.3.The roaring oar hit the coarse keyboard on the cupboard aboard the boat.轰鸣的桨击中了船上碗柜上的粗糙键盘.4.My intimate mate's ultimate estimate approximates the appropriate value.我亲密伙伴的最终估计接近恰当的值.需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。
5.In case of necessity,necessary session can be held on the vessel.必要时,必需的开庭可在船舶上进行.6.By the navigation of microwave,the navy paved a pavement on the wavy sea.借助微波导航，海军在多浪的大海上铺了一条路。
7.The minority of us are confronted with difficulty in the frontier of the major.我们少数人在该专业尖端领域面临困难.8.From the context of the text,I find the next pretext forselling the textile.我从课文的前后关系中找到卖纺织品的下一个借口.9.The systematic items stem from the walker's talk about the chalk.这些系统的条款来源于步行者关于粉笔的谈话.10.Theoretically,their heir's theory of meteorology can explain the meteor.从理论上讲，他们的继承人的气象理论能解释这种大气现象。
江西财经大学考博英语翻译真题及其解析
江西财经大学考博英语翻译真题及其解析1.1997年英译汉试题及参考译文：Do animals have rights?This is how the question is usually put.It sounds like a useful，ground-clearing way to start.（71）Actually，it isnt，because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights，which is something the world does not have.On one view of rights，to be sure，it necessarily follows that animals have none.72）Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract，as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.Therefore，animals cannot have rights.The idea of Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd，for exactly the same reason，so is the idea that tigers have ringhts.However，this is only one account，and by no means an uncontested one.It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people―for instance，to infants，the mentally incapable and future generations.In addition，it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it:how do you reply to somebody who saysI dont like this contract?The point is this without agreement on the rights of people，arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless.（73）It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset:it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans，or with no consideration at all.This is a falsechoice.Better to start with another，more fundamental question:is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?Many deny it.（74）Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect，extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake―a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.This view，which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood，may seem bravelylogical.In fact it is simply shallow:the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl―is to weigh others interests against one s own.This in turn requires sympathy and imagination:without which there is no capacity for moral thought.To see an animal in pain is enough，for most，to engage sympathy.（75）When that happens，it is not a mistake:it is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action，an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.1997年英译汉试题参考译文:动物有权力吗?问题通常就是这样提出的。
中央音乐学院考博英语必备翻译知识点及其例句
中央音乐学院考博英语必备翻译知识点及其例句01.The attendants attend the meeting and pretend to be attentive.侍从们出席会议并装出专注的样子。
02.The tenderer surrendered her tremendously slender tender fingers.投标者交出了她异常纤细娇嫩的手指.03.The tension tends to extend to a more extensive extent.紧张倾向于向更广泛的程度扩展。
04.I spend money on expensive things endlessly;so the expenditure trends up.我无休止地花钱买昂贵的东西,所以开支趋向上升。
05.I send him the blend calendar and the splendid bent lens he lent to me.我把他借给我的混合日历和绝妙的弯曲透镜送给他.06.The goodness of the wooden goods gives me good mood.木制商品的精华给我一个好心情.需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。
07.The teenagers in the canteen are keen to see the queen sitting between the green screens in the greenhouse.食堂里的少年们巴望见到坐在温室里的绿色屏风间的女王。
08.From the tiny tin pin,the spinner pinched off an inch.纺纱工从小锡别针上掐掉一英寸。
09.In my opinion,only the onion can grow in the iron environment.据我看,只有洋葱能在铁质环境中生长。
3.考博英语翻译技巧+
考博英语翻译技巧1、考博翻译主要是考理解2、把题目忠实、通顺的写成中文或英文翻译的实质：对语言进行编码和重新再编码；涉及到两种语言之间意群的编码和重新再编码。
考博翻译和考博阅读的区别：1、阅读是被动技能；翻译是主动技能2、翻译的词汇深度远大于阅读eg. develop 发展；资源的开发；养成某种习惯；得病3、翻译是一个使用英语语言能力的平台翻译的标准： 1. faithfulness 信（忠诚）2. expressiveness 达（达意）3. gracefulness 雅（优雅）考博翻译的标准：忠实、通顺eg. Of study（论读书）Of study, study serves for delight, for ornament and for ability.（读书可以怡情，可以博采，可以长才。
）of 所要谈论的是...... study 指学习的一种具体形式，即读书of study 论读书delight 高兴、愉快ornament 装饰、修饰ability 能力、才能、才干读书可以使人高兴；读书可以装饰某人，充实某人；读书可以提升某人的能力，增长某人的才干。
翻译的三大译法：一、直译字对字的翻译（literary translation）占考研翻译中80%的题目eg. Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。
to add fuel to the fire 火上浇油。
确定一个目标并不是非常困难的，真正困难的是如何脚踏实地地实现这个目标。
It is not very difficult to set up a goal, what is really difficult is how to achieve it diligently.二、意译(free translation) 完全抛开原句的句子结构去翻译eg. Adolescents (青少年), boys and girls, from deeply sentimental (多愁善感的) attachments (情感), walk and talk together.情谊绵绵的孩子们同行同语.注意：意译在考研英语翻译中占20%。
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考博英语翻译笔记倒装和分割结构为了强调句子的某些部分，或是为了保持句子平衡，英语中常常使用倒装。
大体说来，倒装可以分为主谓倒装和非主谓倒装。
主谓倒装里又分为完全倒装和部分倒装。
在翻译的时候，既可以按照主谓语的顺序翻译，也可以按照字面意思翻译。
非主谓倒装只是将强调部分前置，以保持句子平衡或是起强调作用。
翻译时可以采用顺序译法或是倒序译法。
1. For example, they do not compensate for social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.分析：本句中had he grown up under more favorable circumstances 属于部分倒装。
正常语序为：if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances 。
在正式文体中，可以将虚拟条件句中的if 省略，并将助动词提前。
译文：例如，它们（指测试）并不弥补社会的不公，因此不能说明一个贫困青年，要是在比较有利的境况下长大，会有多大才干。
2. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday’s “baby boom” generation r eached its child-bearing years.分析：该句中so did bigger crops of babies 属于语法倒装。
用so 来代替前述肯定句谓语部分所说情况。
译文：不间断的移民浪潮也起了作用——而且随着昔日在“ 生育高峰期” 出生的一代人达到生育年龄，婴儿的出生数量增加了，这同样起了作用。
3. Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whatever the job.分析：该句的Much as I have traveled 是一个由as 引导的让步状语从句。
相当于though I have traveled much ，但语气要比后者强。
这种结构要求部分倒装。
译文：我虽然见多识广，但还从未见过比她细心的人，不管什么职业。
4. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar can you write correctly.分析：相信大家对这种结构都不陌生。
Only 后加副词、介词、状语从句时要用部分倒装。
但是要注意的是，如果only 修饰的不是状语，则不用倒装。
译文：只有很好地掌握了语法知识，写出来的东西才会正确。
5. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West .分析：当句首是否定副词或含有否定词的词语时，一般要部分倒装。
译文：1980 年哪里的人口普查统计资料也不如远西地区的更能生动地说明美国人对宽敞的生活环境的追求。
6. Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him.分析：hardly…when 的结构表示“ 刚… 就…” 。
含有这种结构的句子常将hardly 置于句首，而采用部分倒装的语序。
此外，hardly 分句中一般采用过去完成时，而when （或before ）分句中使用过去时。
还有，与hardly…when… 结构类似的用法还有barely(scarcely)…when…译文：他刚开始讲，听众就打断了他的话。
7. To such length did she go in rehearsal that two actors walked out.分析：such…that 结构可将such 或含有such 的词组放在句首，使全句采用部分倒装。
与此用法类似的还有so…that 结构。
译文：她在排演中搞得太过分，以致两名男演员退出不干了。
8. Certain it is that all essential processes of plant growth and development occur in water.分析：本句为表语前置，表示强调。
正常语序应为：It is certain that… 。
译文：植物发育生长的全部基本过程当然是在水中发生的。
9. We rally should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain.分析：这两句话是为了使上下文紧密衔接，从而将第二个并列分句的表语前置。
译文：我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。
我们的确是穷光蛋，而且还会继续是穷光蛋。
10. Then, down the crowed thoroughfare comes the University of Cambridge ’s most distinctive vehicle, bearing its most distinguished citizen.分析：正常语序应为：The vehicle came down the thoroughfare 。
为使语言生动形象，文学作品中常用这类倒装。
在翻译时要尽量翻译出原句的语言效果。
这里bear=carry 。
译文：从拥挤的街道上驶来了一辆剑桥大学最有特色的车，车上坐着学校最著名的人物。
语法关系密切的两个句子成分被其他句子成分分隔的现象称为分割结构。
英语中，分割结构的类型是多种多样的。
例如，英语句子的主语和谓语一般都紧密相联，它们之间很少插入介词等比较长的结构。
但是，在有些情况下，或是为了保持句子的平衡，避免头重脚轻；或是为了语义严密，结构紧凑，在主语和谓语之间有时也会插入其他成分。
此外，还有定语（或定语从句）与其中心词被分隔；某些词语与其所要求的介词被分隔；动词与其宾语被分隔；介词与其宾语被分隔等等。
总之，英语的分割应遵循尾重原则（应把长而复杂的成分放在句末，使结构匀称）和句尾信息焦点原则（把新信息，即语意重点放在句末）。
同时，在阅读时要注意找出原来属于一个整体部分的意义。
1. Most novelists and historians writing in the early to mid-twentieth century who considered women in the West, when they considered women at all, fell under Turner’s spell.分析：本句的主干结构是：Most novelists and historians…fell under Turner’s spell. Turner 是美国历史学家。
under a spell ：被迷住，着迷。
writing in the early to mid-twentieth century who considered women in the West, when they considered women at all 修饰主语，起分割主谓的作用。
而其中的状语从句when they considered women at all 是定语从句who considered women in the West 中的状语成分。
译文：从本世纪初到本世纪中叶从事写作的小说家和历史学家只要描写妇女，就会描述西部妇女，而且都被特纳迷住。
2. Abraham Lincoln is the most famous instance of the claim that Americans often madethat in their country a man may rise from the lowest to the highest position.分析：the claim 和其同位语that in their country a man may rise from the lowest to the highest position 被the claim 的定语从句that Americans often made 分割。
同位语从句在翻译时可按照顺序翻译，将其翻译为分句。
译文：美国人常认为，在他们国家，一个人的地位可以从社会最底层上升到社会最上层，亚伯拉罕" 林肯就是极好的例子。
3. In the last eight years there were difficult, almost non-stop negotiations and reported threats of failure, ultimately overcome by a combination of creative compromise and stubborn determination—indeed, some call it unprecedented determination—to succeed.分析：本句的主干结构是：…there were negotiations and…threats of failure 。
“overcome by…” 是过去分词短语，修饰threats of failure 。
stubborn determination 和其定语动词不定式“to succeed” 被“indeed, some call it unprecedented determination” 分割。
译文：在最后的八年里，进行了艰苦卓绝的、几乎是不间断的谈判，其间屡经失败之虞，但最终通过创造性的协调和要取得成功的顽强决心——确实有人称之为前所未有的决心——而渡过难关，取得了胜利。
4. The discovery of surplus value suddenly threw light on the problem, in trying to solve which all previous investigations, of both bourgeois economists and social critics, had been groping in the dark.分析：in trying to solve 插在the problem 和定语从句which… 之间，起到承上启下的作用。