2018年考博英语翻译练习及参考【三篇】
2018年博士生入学考试英语参考答案
1.These figures boil down to no significance as they are statistically imperfect.A amount toB conform toC contribute toD attach to2.The researchers are working hard to find the optimal concentration of this drug.A most poisonousB most likelyC most famousD most desirable3.This young lawyer dares to take on the powerful on behalf of the poor and weak.A with the favor ofB find good jobs forC assume the responsibility forD accept the challenge of4.The last traces of respectability had vanished by the time he was convicted and imprisoned.A collapsedB disappearedC perishedD scattered5.Fearful of losing her job for good, this lady decided to talk to the manager directly.A for benefitsB by luckC for everD at hand.6.An important innovation in this college was the introduction of the seminary method for advanced students.A ideaB changeC matterD policy7.This archaeologist made a study of the vast area through which the Roman civilization has been propagated.A extendedB terminatedC speculatedD restricted8.The investor would suffer a lot from a television series that was heavily invested in but never came off.A was releasedB proved satisfactoryC failed completelyD won awards9.Given the gravity of the situation, the best thing we can do is to declare the company bankrupt.A gravitationB fascinationC seriousnessD incurability10.When the symptom occurs, she finds it difficult to manipulate a pencil despite her young age.A utilizeB handleC masterD dominateSection B :Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B , C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.11.The country once threatened to ___ diplomatic relations with its neighbor if the latter was too friendly to the rebels.A show offB keep offC break offD call off12.In English leaning, a ___ circle occurs when a student makes more errors after being scolded.A viciousB vigorousC verticalD voluntary13.Some ancient people were able to tell the time by the shadow ___by the sun on the slate.A thrownB flungC castD tossed(upward)petition compels districts to devote their limited resources to achieving results that compare ___ with other localdistricts.A significantlyB favorablyC dramaticallyD superficially15.If you don’t know how to ___ your achievements, your parting from this world is going to be a nightmar e.A take hold ofB get rid ofC let go ofD make fun of16.This country could have as many as 10 million cases of AIDS in 2010 if the ____ is not taken seriously.A episodeB epidemicC equivalentD eruption17.With a wide variety of fresh fruit ___available, canner fruit is no longer so popular as before.A willinglyB appropriatelyC confidentlyD readily =easily18.The crisis over parliamentary election illustrated the unpredictable ____that events could take once the coalition troopsare withdrawn.A processB lineC wayD course19.Decades of ___ might have been partially responsible for our ignorance of development abroad.A insulationB irrigationC integrationD isolation20.There have been some insensible people who attempt to end their pains ____ through suicide.A by and largeB once for all =foreverC heart and soulD on the wholePart II. ClozeDirections: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrases marked A, B, C and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.There is now a new keychain device that lets people turn off most TVs anywhere---- from airports to restaurants. And it is selling faster than 21 . “I thought there would just be a few sales, but we can’t 22 demand,” said inventor MitchAltman of San Fran cisco, U.S. “I didn’t know there were so many people who wanted to turn TVs off.”Hundreds of orders for Altman’s US $14.99 TV-B-Gone device poured in last week. The tiny remote control device had been 23 in Wired magazine and other online-media outlets. 24 , the unexpected attention overloaded the website of his company. Cornfield Electronics, and caused it to 25 .The keychain device works like a 26 remote control ----but it only turns TVs on or off. With a push of the button, it goes through a 27 of about 200 infrared codes that control the power of about 1,000 television models. Altman said the majority of TVs should 28 within 17 seconds. It takes a little more than a minute for the device to 29 all the trigger codes.The 47-year-old Altman got the idea for TV-B-Gone a decade ago. He was out with friends at a restaurant and they found themselves all 30 by the TV, but no one was around to turn it off.21. A expects B expectation C expected D expecting22. A give in to B hold on to C make up for D keep up with23. A acknowledged B announced C admitted D applied24. A At times B On time C Behind time D At the same time25. A clash B crush =smash C cruise D crash26. A commonplace B universal C mean D medium27. A string B flock C school D fleet28. A repel B repeat C react D reproach =blame29. A submit B permit C omit D emit30. A bothered B haunted C interrupted D hinderedPart III. Reading ComprehensiveDirections: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneAnimals are more like us than we ever imagined. They feel pain, they experience stress, and they show affection, excitement and love. All these finding have been made by scientists in recent years----and such results are beginning to change how we view animals.Strangely enough, this research was sponsor ed by fast food companies like McDonald’s and KFC. Pressured by animal rights groups, these companies felt they had to fund scientists researching the emotional and mental states of animals. McDonald’s, for instance, funded studies on pig behaviors at P urdue University, Indiana. This research found that pigs seek affection and easily become depressed if left alone or prevented from playing with each other. If they become depressed, they soon become physically ill. Because of this, and other similar studies, the European Union has banned the use of isolating pig stalls from 2012. In Germany, the government is encouraging pig farmers to give each pig 20 seconds of human contact a day, and to provide them with toys to prevent them from fighting.Other scientists have shown that animals think and behave like humans.Koko, the 300-pound gorilla (大猩猩)at the Gorilla Foundation in Northern California, for instance, has been taught sign language. Koko can now understand several thousand English words, more than many humans who speak English as a second language. On human IQ tests, she scores between 70 and 95.Before such experiments, humans thought language skills were absent from the animal kingdom. Other myths are also being overturned, like the belief that animals lack self-awareness. Studies have also shown that animals mourn their dead, and that they play for pleasure.These striking similarities between animal and human behavior have led some to ask a question: “If you believe in evolution, how can’t you believe that animals have feelings that human beings have?”Until recently, scientists believed that animals behaved by instinct and that what appeared to be learned behavior was merely genetically-programmed activity. But as Koko the Gorilla shows, this is not the case. In fact, learning is passed from parents to offspring far more often than not in the animal kingdom.So what implications does this knowledge have for humans? Because of this , should we ban hunting and animal testing? Should we close zoos? Such questions are being raised by many academics and politicians. Harvard and 25 other American law schools have introduced courses on animal rights.31. The author feels it strange that the research was sponsored by fast food companies like McDonald’s and KFC probably because these companies_____.。
2018年考博英语作文练习范文【二篇】
2018年考博英语作文练习范文【二篇】导读：本文2018年考博英语作文练习范文【二篇】，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。
【范文一】It is time, at last, to speak the truth about the choice of schools after high school, and the truth is this. Vocational schools are really not such a short cut to achieve success.Vocational schools are harmful in two aspects. First, from a social standpoint, they often equip students with some skills for jobs in a rush and send them to the society way too early. There will be great competition in the job market. The greater the competition is, the higher the unemployment rate, and consequently the more unstable the society will become. Second, it harms individuals as well. Without the choice to pursue higher level of learning, many great scholars today would never have achieved such great success.When we liberate the educational potential of universities, we elevate the educational performance of the entire society. There’s a stimulative effect that kicks in when people have greater access to knowledge: broader horizon, knowledge ingreater depth, and better chance of making the best use of personal potential. By harnessing the educational potential of universities, we boost opportunity for all people.【范文二】Nowadays, there has been a heated discussion as to whether students should choose to go to a vocational school or a university. Views on the topic vary greatly among people from different walks of life. Some believe that it is a better choice to go to vocational school, but others consider it better to go to a university.I totally disagree with the first idea for the reasons presented below. To begin with, it harms the society in that vocational schools often equip students with some skills for jobs and send them to the society way too early. There will be great competition in the job market. The greater the competition is, the higher the unemployment rate, and consequently the more unstable the society will become. Furthermore, it is harmful to the students themselves. Without the choice to pursue higher level of learning, many great scholars today would never have achieved such great success.From my perspective, it is crucial that the governmentshould encourage people to pursue higher and further study. Also it is high time that people understood the meaning and value of higher education. Only in this way can we achieve greater success.。
考博英语英译汉专项练习(含详解)六篇
考博英语英译汉专项练习〔1-6，含详解〕专项练习1【参考译文】目前一些顶尖高等院校正仓促进行在线教育，但是传出的一条重要消息却是一种新的旨在盈利的在线机构的激增，这些机构正在把因特网网上教育带给广阔民众。
“因特网或许会是进入教育领域的惟一的最民主化的力量，〞哥伦比亚商业学校教务长M eyer Feldberg 说。
他设想通过教育节目的网络来连接亿万民众。
最大的在线的教育机构是凤凰大学( ), 它目前拥有大约6000 名学生，并且10 年内学生总数有望到达200000 人。
该大学向学生授予商务管理、技术、教育及护理学等专业的学士、硕士和博士学位。
学校夸口说，如果你是一个学生，“无论何时何地只要你需要，都可以通过因特网来获取学位〞。
学校特别提到，它的学位课程费用要比一般大学少得多，而且可以让一些学生花较少的时间就完成大学学业。
另一方面，一份?商务周刊?的调查发现在247 家公司中，只有少数几家会考虑雇佣获得网上商务管理硕士学位的求职者。
这种情况是否会随着盈利性在线大学教学条件的改善而改变——毕业生是否能证明他们自身的价值——这一切都还是一个未知数。
专项练习2【参考译文】者反而会重整旗鼓、倍加努力。
第三，创业投资家也起了重大作用，他们乐于支持前途看好的新创企业，投入其急需的创业资本以助其起步。
甚至对失败的企业，只要认定其概念新颖，最终有可能成功，有的投资家也会给予第二次时机。
同样重要的是，许多有为青年和中层专才并不热衷任职于老字号公司，他们不计薪酬多寡，宁愿为新创的企业效力，因为新生企业有更广阔的开拓前景，从工作中所获得的满足感也更大。
专项练习3Do you see the glass as half-full rather than half empty? Do you keep your eye upon the doughnut, not upon the hole? Suddenly these cliches are scientific questions, as researchers scrutinize the power of positive thinking. A fast-growing body of research—104 studies so far, involving some 15000 people—is proving that optimism can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. “If we could teach people to think more positively,〞 says psychologist Craig A. Anderson of Rice University in Houston, “it would be like inoculating them against these mental ills.〞“Your abilities count.〞 explains psychologist Michael F Scheier of Carnegie-Mellon Univers ity in Pittsburgh, “ but the belief that you can succeed affects whether or not you will.〞 In part, that’s because optimists and pessimists deal with the same challenges and disappointments in very different ways.【参考译文】你看到的杯子是半满而不是半空的吧?你看炸面圈时，眼睛是盯着面圈，而不是中间的孔吧?当研究者们仔细观察积极思维的作用时，这些陈辞滥调突然之间都成了科学问题。
2018考博英语翻译练习【五篇】
【导语】努⼒的苦读，把你的实⼒全部发挥，所有关爱着你的⼈，都会为你祝福、祈祷，努⼒备考，相信你会考出满意的成绩，考⼊理想院校！以下是⽆忧考为⼤家整理的《2018考博英语翻译练习【五篇】》供您查阅。
【第⼀篇：儒家看婚姻】To the Confucians, marriage is of great importance toboth family and the society. As for family, marriagecan bring families of different surnames together,and continue the family life of the concerned clans.Socially, a married couple is the basic unit of thepopulation;sometimes marriages can even affect the country's political stability andinternational relations. From the perspective of Confucianism, one purpose of marriage is tocultivate virtue.The Chinese have seen that marriage should be founded on love since theconcept of monogamy is deeply rooted in their mindset. Due to the concept of filial piety andpropriety, marriage has become a costly affair and been seen as second only to funeralceremonies. The employ of a matchmaker can ensure that the husband and wife arecompatible with each other,but primarily work in the families'best interests. 参考翻译： 儒家学派(Confucianism)认为婚姻对家庭和社会都有重⼤意义。
考博英语汉译英专项练习(含详解)六篇
人大考博英语汉译英专项练习〔1-10，含详解〕专项练习 1科技是人类文明进步的动力源泉。
古老的中国，曾在世界科技史上占有重要地位。
今天的中国人民，不仅与全世界共享科技文明的成果，也在各个领域推动世界科技的进步。
科技奥运将反映科技最新进展，集成全国科技创新成果，推出一届高科技含量的体育盛会；提高北京科技创新能力，推进高新技术成果的产业化及其在人民生活中的广泛应用，使北京奥运会成为展示高新技术成果和创新实力的窗口。
【参考译文】Science and technology is the source power which can drive civilization of Human being. China, an old-line country, has had a high position in the world’s technology history. Today, Chinese people are not only sharing the harvest of technology and civilization with people from rest of the world, but promoting the science and technology in all kinds of field as well. High-tech Olympics means that we will closely follow the latest high-tech developments home and abroad and integrate the high-tech achievements nationwide so as to host a magnificent sports event in high-tech achievement. In doing so, Beijing’s capacity in high-tech innovation will be improved and the application of high-tech achievements in production and people’s life promoted. Beijing Olympic Games will be a window to showcase our high-tech achievements and innovative capacity.专项练习 2去年，美国联邦航空管理局把用来计算飞机载荷的乘客平均体重提高了10 磅。
2018年考博英语作文精选【三篇】
2018年考博英语作文精选【三篇】成功根本没有秘诀可言，如果有的话，就有两个：第一个就是坚持到底，永不言弃；第二个就是当你想放弃的时候，回过头来看看第一个秘诀，坚持到底，永不言弃，祝大家跟着成功的步伐，努力备考，考入理想院校。
以下是无忧考网为大家整理的《2018年考博英语作文精选【三篇】》供您查阅。
篇一：音乐的语言A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords would beinadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm—two entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sound with fanatical but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they canenjoy performing works written in any century.篇二：合格的父母的标准What are some of the qualities of a goodparent. Use specific details and examples toexplain your answer.Model Essay(范文)：I am fortunate to have good parents so it is easy for me to identify the qualities that makethem good. These qualities are unconditional love, trust, and respect for me and my brothersand sisters.All mothers and fathers love their children. They nurture them and keep them from harm. Butnot all love is unconditional. Some parents would not love their children if they marriedsomeone of a different religion or from a different ethnic group. Some parents would not lovetheir children if they were of a different sexual orientation. My parents won’t.My parentswould love us regardless of whom we married or whom we chose to love.Part of unconditional love is trust. My parents trust us to do what is right. They know we wouldnever do anything to hurt them or to disgrace them. They trust us so we trust them. We areconfident that they would never do anything to hurt us.Because our parents love us, they also respect us. They treat us as individuals. They accept ourdifferences. They do not expect us to be like them. They want us to be our own persons. Theywant us to make our own way in the world, not follow in their footsteps.Without their love, I would not be as confident as I am. Without their trust, I would not befree to do what I want. Without their respect, I would not feel comfortable being on my own. Allchildren should have such wonderful parents.篇三：人文教育Human EducationThe other day, a professor from Peking University gave a lecture “Chinese Intellectuals and Written Cultural Text”. In his lecture, he held that Chinese intellectuals have lost the written cultural text since the May 4th movement. His opinion set us thinking that the loss of traditional humane education resulted in a crisis of cultural education.With the rapid development of economy, the living standard of the Chinese people has improved a lot in terms of material wealth. In a period when economics take priority, people pay more aned more attention to profit. At present, moneymaking and pleasure seeking are becoming a popular fashion. On the other hand, there appears a barren field of spirit in today’s society. It has become unexpectedly hard to rebuild the paradise of traditional culture.Ideological confusion, moral decline and a chaotic cultural market, all this shows that it is the high time to have something done in order to tackle the problem of cultural orientation. Our times call for an ideal humane education.It is unwise to discard traditional Chinese culture as a whole. Some of the elements of this culture can be made use of in the reconstruction of our spiritual civilizaiton directly or wit5h some adaptation. Our attitude towards tradition should be “discarding the dross and selecting the essence”. The humane education of the past can serve as a supplement to our Marxist education. It should start from primary school. In this way, our children will get educated so as to be possessed of a perfect personality. The national morale will be deeply rooted in people’s mind, and will help push forward the growth of economy.To sum up, we can find it badly necessary to build up an ideal humane education. We should find an efficient way to develop our humane education and dig out5 more resources form traditional Chinese culture.。
2018年考博英语翻译练习【三篇】
2018年考博英语翻译练习【三篇】导读：本文2018年考博英语翻译练习【三篇】，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。
【第一篇：文学艺术】he ideal of country life reflected by the art and literature is the important feature of Chineseculture, which is, to a large degree, attributed to the feelings to the nature from T aoist. Thereare two most popular topics in the traditional Chinese painting. One is the various scenes ofhappiness about family life, in which the old man often plays chess and drinks tea, with the manin the harvest, woman in weaving, children playing out of doors. The other scene is all kinds ofpleasures about country life, in which the fisherman is fishing on the lake, with the farmercutting wood and gathering herbs in the mountains and the scholar chanting poetry andpainting pictures sitting under the pine trees. The two themes can represent the life ideal ofConfucianism and Taoism. 参考翻译：反应在艺术和文学中的乡村生活理想是中国文明的重要特征。
2018考博英语作文范文【三篇】
2018考博英语作文范文【三篇】作文是英语考试的重中之重，考研英语作文要多练习多背诵，好的句子模板背下来，写的时候就能够灵活套用。
以下是无忧考网为大家整理的《2018考博英语作文范文【三篇】》希望对大家的写作有启发和帮助。
篇一：合格的父母的标准What are some of the qualities of a goodparent. Use specific details and examples toexplain your answer.Model Essay(范文)：I am fortunate to have good parents so it is easy for me to identify the qualities that makethem good. These qualities are unconditional love, trust, and respect for me and my brothersand sisters.All mothers and fathers love their children. They nurture them and keep them from harm. Butnot all love is unconditional. Some parents would not love their children if they marriedsomeone of a different religion or from a different ethnic group. Some parents would not lovetheir children if they were of a different sexual orientation. My parents won’t. My parentswould love us regardless of whom we married or whom we chose to love.Part of unconditional love is trust. My parents trust us to do what is right. They know we wouldnever do anything to hurt them or to disgrace them. They trust us so we trust them. We areconfident that they would never do anything to hurt us.Because our parents love us, they also respect us. They treat us as individuals. They accept ourdifferences. They do not expect us to be like them. They want us to be our own persons. Theywant us to make our own way in the world, not follow intheir footsteps.Without their love, I would not be as confident as I am. Without their trust, I would not befree to do what I want. Without their respect, I would not feel comfortable being on my own. Allchildren should have such wonderful parents.篇二：音乐的语言A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practicebreathing every day, as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm—two entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sound with fanatical but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.篇三：人文教育Human EducationThe other day, a professor from Peking University gave a lecture “Chinese Intellectuals and Written Cultural Text”. In his lecture, he held that Chinese intellectuals have lost the written cultural text since the May 4th movement. His opinion set us thinking that the loss of traditional humane education resultedin a crisis of cultural education.With the rapid development of economy, the living standard of the Chinese people has improved a lot in terms of material wealth. In a period when economics take priority, people pay more aned more attention to profit. At present, moneymaking and pleasure seeking are becoming a popular fashion. On the other hand, there appears a barren field of spirit in today’s society. It has become unexpectedly hard to rebuild the paradise of traditional culture.Ideological confusion, moral decline and a chaotic cultural market, all this shows that it is the high time to have something done in order to tackle the problem of cultural orientation. Our times call for an ideal humane education.It is unwise to discard traditional Chinese culture as a whole. Some of the elements of this culture can be made use of in the reconstruction of our spiritual civilizaiton directly or wit5h some adaptation. Our attitude towards tradition should be “discarding the dross and selecting the essence”. Thehumane education of the past can serve as a supplement to our Marxist education. It should start from primary school. In this way, our children will get educated so as to be possessed of a perfect personality. The national morale will be deeply rooted in people’s mind, and will help push forward the growth of economy.To sum up, we can find it badly necessary to build up an ideal humane education. We should find an efficient way to develop our humane education and dig out5 more resources form traditional Chinese culture.。
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2018年考博英语翻译练习及参考【三篇】导读：本文2018年考博英语翻译练习及参考【三篇】，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。
【第一篇：健康的乐观主义】大多数人愿意把乐观定义为无尽的欢乐，就像一只总是装着半杯水的杯子。
但那是一种绝不会为积极心理学家所推荐的虚假快乐。
哈佛大学的Tal Ben-Shahar教授说，“健康的乐观主义，意味着要处于现实之中。
”在Ben-Shahar看来，现实的乐观主义者，会尽努力做好一件事，而不是相信每件事都会有的结果。
Ben-Shahar 会进行三种乐观方面的练习。
比如说，当他进行了一次糟糕的演讲，感到心情郁闷的时候，他会告诉自己这是人之常情。
他会提醒自己：并不是每一次演讲都可以获得诺贝尔获，总会有一些演讲比其它演讲效果差。
接着是重塑，他分析了这个效果不好的演讲，并且从那些起作用和不起作用的演讲中吸取教训为将来做准备。
最后，需要有这样一种观点，那就是承认，在广阔的生命当中，一次演讲根本算不上什么。
参考译文Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half fall. But that’s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of thingsthat happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best. Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.【第二篇：希望工程】Project Hope is a public good project launched in1989, the goal of which is to help young dropouts inpoverty-stricken areas. The two major tasks ofProject Hope are to help build Hope Primary Schoolsand fund the poor students. China is still adeveloping country, thus shortage of education fundin poverty-stricken areas is still a severe problem. Because of poverty, more than 30 millionchildren between the ages of 6-14 are unable to attend school or are forced to drop out. Theimplement of Project Hope changes the fate of a large number of dropouts and improves theschool faculties in poverty-stricken areas. The development of basic education is thus greatlyenhanced and the fine tradition of taking pleasure in helping others isalso promoted. 参考翻译: 希望工程(Project Hope)是于1989年发起的一项公益事业，以救助贫困地区失学儿童(young dropouts)为目的。
帮助建设希望小学与资助贫困学生是希望工程实施的两大主要任务。
中国仍然是一个发展中国家，贫困地区缺乏教育经费的问题依旧严峻。
有超过3000万6—14岁的少年儿童因贫困而不能上学或者被迫辍学。
希望工程的实施，改变了一大批失学儿童的命运，改善了贫困地区的学校设施，极大地促进了基础教育的发展，弘扬了助人为乐的优良传统。
1.第一句中的“1989年发起”可表达为过去分词形式(launched in 1989)，作后置定语;“以救助贫困地区失学儿童为目的”可译为非限制性定语从句，对核心词ProjectHope进行补充说明，即为the goal of which。
2.“帮助建设希望小学与资助贫困学生是希望工程实施的两大主要任务”一句可将“主要任务”作句子主语，避免英语句子头重脚轻。
3.“中国仍然是一个发展中国家，贫困地区缺乏教育经费的问题依旧严峻”，前后两句的关系可理解为因果关系，故翻译时加上表结果的连词thus，使句子更加连贯，符合英文表达习惯。
4.“有超过3000万…被迫辍学”一句中的“因贫困”because of poverty可置于句首，避免英语句子头重脚轻;“上学”可译为attend school。
5.最后一句汉语句子的主语“希望工程的实施”后跟了4个并列谓语，如果对应译为4个并列的谓语会显得突兀，不太连贯，可将后2个谓语译为被动语态，独立成句，以增加句型的多样性;“助人为乐”可译为takingpleasure in helping others。
【第三篇：家庭结构变迁】With the implementation of the family planning policy and the change of the concept of family, the size and structure of traditional Chinese families have undergone evident changes. One is that the number of one-child families increases, resulting in a gradual decrease in the average number of family members. Another is the miniaturization trend of the family structure, which leads to the traditional extended family being replaced by nuclear family. Changes in size and structure of households contribute to simple family relationship and increasing mutual dependence of family members. However, the changes also exert negative influences, such as a surge in the speed of population aging and the increasing number of the empty-nest families. 参考翻译: 随着计划生育政策(the family planning policy)的推行和家庭观念的改变，中国传统的家庭规模和结构发生了明显变化。
一是独生子女家庭增多，家庭平均人口逐渐下降。
二是家庭结构呈现出小型化(miniaturization)趋势，传统的大家庭逐渐被核心家庭取代。
家庭规模与结构的变化，使家庭中的人际关系变得简单，成员之间的相互依赖性日益增强。
但是，家庭规模和结构的变化也带来了一些负面影响，如中国的人口老龄化速度急剧上升，空巢家庭(empty-nest family)增加等。
1.第一句中的“随着计划生育…和家庭观念的改变”可译成with引导的介词短语。
“中国传统的家庭规模和结构发生了明显变化”则处理为句子主干。
2.第二句中的“一是独生子女家庭增多”译作One is that the number of one-child families increases,“家庭平均人口逐渐下降”可采用现在分词短语作结果状语，增译“导致”，译作resulting in a gradual decrease in the average number of family members。
3.第三句中的“二是家庭结构呈现出小型化趋势”处理成主干，“传统的大家庭逐渐被核心家庭取代”可处理成which引导的非限制性定语从句，对“家庭结构的小型化趋势”作进一步说明，同时使句式富于变化。
4.第四句“家庭规模与结构的变化，使…”，可将“家庭中的人际关系变得简单”，“成员之间的相互依赖性日益增强”处理成名词短语，译作simple family relationship and increasing mutual dependence of family members，这样处理符合英文中多用名词表达的语言特点，也使译文表达更简洁。