模拟联合国立场文件
模联立场文件
立场文件概述立场文件是“模拟联合国”活动中一个国家基本的“名片”，它表达了某个国家或组织在某个议题上的立场概要。
代表们首先就是通过立场文件来表达本国立场、了解其他国家的立场。
因此写一份好的立场文件，表达清楚自己的意思尤为重要。
立场文件元素立场文件范例分析学校：**** 国家：尼日利亚代表：****2004年1210米，13个印度洋国家的21万6000大的一场自然灾难之一，联合国公布死难者数字是至少22万3000此外，多国沿岸的酒店和村庄城镇也受到严重破坏，180经济损失近百亿美元。
并且非常愿意在本国承受范围之内以“不强制遣返，为原则接受部分难民，希望在印尼海啸难民问题中能发挥积极作用。
尼日利亚对印尼海啸难民问题的解决前景感到乐观。
不久，国际社会包括，国际援助总额已经超过80金将陆续就位。
的繁荣。
在救助活动中，我们都能清楚地意识到，要尽快地解决印尼海啸难民问题，我们仍然需要处理好下面几个方面：1、海啸在世界范围内都存在着，为防止下次所海啸所带来的爆发性难民问题，由联合国牵头建立全球海啸预警系统； 2、建立更加“有前瞻性、有战略性、公开和有效”的救援资金分配机制，确实保证一部分资金用于解决印尼海啸难民问题，避免救援资金被挪用或贪污；3、加强国际合作机制，由联合国难民署牵头协调各国解决此次的难民问题，登记注册灾区难民特别是灾区儿童，以防人口贩卖，为难民提供生活住所，并且在经济、政策等方面给予必要的援助，帮助难民重返家园；难民问题在世界各地尤其是在广大的非洲国家中不断出现，尼日利亚希望通过解决这次的印尼海啸难民问题，继续扩大联合国难民署的职能，尼日利亚呼吁更多国家关注世界难民问题特别是非洲难民问题，呼吁发达国家承担起解决此类难民问题的中坚作用。
难民重返家园的同时有成千上万的非洲难民无家可归，次呼吁国际社会加强合作，促进世界人道主义事业的蓬勃发展。
总结及其他事项 一．立场文件格式：1、抬头包括代表姓名、代表来自的学校名、国家名、所在委员会及议题。
模拟联合国大会优秀立场文件范例(完整资料).doc
【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】模拟联合国大会优秀立场文件范例(2011-09-07 17:31:53)标签：杂谈这是两篇很好的立场文件，大家可以参考~范文一代表：陈卫杰学校：向明中学国家：马达加斯加共和国委员会：联合国经济和社会发展理事会议题：国际移民和城市发展现今，世界上很多国家都面对着国际移民与城市发展的问题。
由于世界经济全球化，地缘政治发展，通讯技术革命，低价商业运输和人口结构变动等原因，国际移民的数量正在不断地增长中。
国际移民很大程度上影响了各国城市发展，对目的国的城市经济、社会、环境、文化诸方面发展产生越来越显著的影响，有积极的一面，也有消极的一面。
移徙与发展有着千丝万缕的联系，发展主导移徙，移徙反过来又影响发展。
所以，如何使国际移民规范化，对城市发展起到积极作用，成了一个需要我们共同探讨的问题。
联合国《国际移徙与发展》报告指出：“在最理想的情况下，移民可以使接受国、原籍国和移徙者本人都得到好处。
向外移徙与许多人最终回归一样，对于振兴国家经济发挥了决定性的作用。
”为达到这种最理想的情况，国际社会都做出了很大的努力。
1946年通过的《世界人权宣言》和1990年通过的《保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约》为移徙者的人权保护奠定了基础。
国际移民组织也通过与各国合作处理移民问题，确保移民有秩序地移居接收国。
国际移徙问题全球委员会在2005年10月发布的报告中提出33条建议，旨在加强对国际移徙问题的国家、区域和全球治理。
欧盟等区域集团提出了区域性倡议，有些国家制定了双边协定，来确保移民流动在有关国家互惠的情况下进行。
作为一个非洲的发展中国家，马达加斯加在国际移民与城市发展问题上做出了巨大的努力。
我们主张充分发挥移徙者与本地工人的互补性，促进接受国的经济。
通过立法来消除种族歧视、歧视妇女、歧视移徙工人。
必要时，我们创建特别移民区来保护文化多样性发展。
同时，我们也设法克服与其他国家的分歧并改变外交政策的战略。
模拟联合国会议中国立场文件
模拟联合国会议中国立场文件一、联合国作用当前，国际形势继续发生深刻、复杂的变化。
和平、发展、合作的时代潮流更加强劲，世界各国谋和平、求发展、促合作的愿望愈发强烈。
联合国作为最具普遍性、代表性和权威性的政府间国际组织，是实践多边主义最重要的舞台，自成立以来，为维护世界和平、促进共同发展、推动国际合作发挥了不可替代的重要作用。
中国一贯重视联合国地位和作用，维护《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则。
中国支持联合国在当前形势下进一步发挥自身优势，在协调国际努力，妥善应对全球性威胁与挑战方面采取有效行动，继续在国际事务中发挥核心作用。
二、联合国改革中国支持联合国根据国际形势的发展，进行必要、合理的改革，提高联合国权威和效率，增强其应对新威胁、新挑战的能力。
安理会改革是联合国改革的重要组成部分。
中方支持通过改革增强安理会的权威和效率，更好地履行《联合国宪章》赋予的维护国际和平与安全的职责。
改革应优先增加发展中国家、特别是非洲国家的代表性。
三、安全领域1、面对核问题中国于1984年加入“国际原子能机构”，并于1988年与机构签订了保障监督协定，自愿将本国的有关民用核设施置于该机构的保障监督之下。
1992年，加入《不扩散核武器条约》，全面承担了核武器国家所应承担的各项不扩散义务。
且于2004年加入核供应国集团。
我作为中国代表并承诺我国不首先使用核武器，并希望将此作为最终走向无核世界目标的重要中间步骤。
就以曾不信遭受过核伤害的日本为例，无论是核武器的打击还是因外因造成的核辐射都将造成人类毁灭性的悲剧。
所以我国认为推进核裁军、防止新的核武器技术及材料的扩散、维护核材料与核设施的安全，与人类的和平与发展息息相关。
2、联合国维和行动联合国维和行动是联合国维护国际和平与安全的重要、有效手段。
中国坚定支持并积极参与联合国维和行动，各方也应更加重视维和行动与缔造和平、建设和平的衔接及统筹。
中国呼吁联合国继续重视加强与区域组织在维和领域的合作，尤其要关注非洲国家的需求。
模拟联合国立场文件
模拟联合国[MUN]立场文件•代表姓名(delegates): 丁立[Boris Ding]•代表来自的学校名(school): 宁波市曙光中学[NingBo ShuGuang Middle School]•国家名(country): 俄罗斯联邦[Russia]•所在委员会(committee): 联合国开发计划署[UNDP]•议题(topic): 工业革新与低碳发展作为，原苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟解体后的独立政体，俄罗斯联邦接替了原苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟在联合国的全部权利与义务。
同时，俄联邦也继承了原苏联在包括军工、造船、航天等多个领域的相关实体工厂。
这些重工业实体，涉及到了俄联邦的整个经济动脉，也间接涉及了与之相关的全球产业链。
但这些重工业实体，作为原苏联遗留下来的财产，在设计时并未考虑到环境保护、可持续发展等相关因素。
也正鉴于此，导致俄罗斯联邦的生产总值能耗比，总是随着国民生产总值的不断增加而予以增加。
作为G8成员之一，俄罗斯联邦在近年频繁向贫困国家和经济欠发达地区实现减免债务。
作为安理会常任理事国之一，俄罗斯联邦常年履行相关的国际义务并多次对受灾的地区施以人道主义援助。
鉴于，如上所述俄罗斯联邦已无力独立履行更多的国际义务。
俄罗斯认为解决包括俄罗斯联邦在内的各个原苏联加盟共和国境内的重工业实体污染超标的问题，应该有国际社会共同承担。
而不应该仅有俄联邦独立承担。
基于此，在本次会议上俄联邦特声明如下立场：●俄罗斯认为，解决原苏联各加盟成员国境内重工业实体年久失修、污染超标的问题，应该由国际社会共同履行责任。
而非由俄罗斯联邦独立履行。
●俄罗斯认为，世界银行和国际货币基金组织有必要向包括俄联邦在内的原苏联各加盟共和国提供低息或无息贷款用于进行重工业的环保改造。
●俄罗斯重申，俄罗斯愿意遵守去年在哥本哈根世界气候大会上达成的相关协定。
俄罗斯承诺将按相关规定进一步贯彻、落实相关的减排目标。
●俄罗斯认为，发达国家有必要向发展中国家以及像俄罗斯这样的经济欠发达国家提供相应的技术、资金用于实现低碳经济。
模联发言稿和立场文件区别
模联发言稿和立场文件区别
模联发言稿和立场文件在内容和用途上存在一些区别。
首先，模联发言稿是在模拟联合国会议中进行演讲和辩论的时候所使用的文件。
发言稿通常包含发言者对某个议题的立场、观点和解决方案的论述。
其目的是向其他代表国家、组织或团体展示自己对问题的理解和分析，以及提出自己的政策建议。
发言稿需要有一定的逻辑性和说服力，以使其他代表对自己的观点产生共鸣并支持自己的提案。
而立场文件则更为详细和全面，主要用于表明某个国家、组织或团体对某个议题的立场和政策立场。
立场文件通常包含对问题的背景介绍、国家政策、相关法律、以及对其他国家、组织或团体的期望和要求等内容。
立场文件的目的是全面呈现某个国家、组织或团体对议题的立场以及其对相关问题的解决方案。
立场文件需要更多的事实依据和政策支持，以便有效地引导其他代表国家或组织在模拟联合国会议中达成共识或制定合理的政策。
总体来说，模联发言稿更侧重于对某个议题进行简洁明了的陈述和分析，并提出自己的观点和解决方案，以争取其他代表的支持。
而立场文件则更加详细和全面，主要用于全面阐述某个国家、组织或团体对某个议题的立场，以及对相关问题的政策和期望。
注：本文中的任何标题都与文中没有相同的文字。
MUN模拟联合国资料
1. 立场文件（取材2009 年北大模联）Delegate:YangYI，Yuanmeng HUANGSchool:ShanghaiNo.3GirlsHighSchoolCountry:TuvaluCommittee:UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgram(UNEP)TopicA:ExploitationofNaturalResourcesinAntarcticWith increasing discoveries made and technologies developed, the exploitation of Antarctica has become an international hot-spot. Our exporation of Antarctica has never ceased---we aresimply eager to step on to that mysterious, yet, sacred white land covered with snow all-year-longto do researches or to carry out further exploitation.Many countries have built up scientific stations on this continent, and have gradually madetheir dreams come true. Thanks to the constant efforts of the international community, we have already made facts like “there are more than 220 sorts of mineral resources in Antarctic” and “the amount of reserved flammable ice beneath the ice sheet is the sum of all the fossil fuels all over theworld, which could replace coal and petroleum as a new environment- friendly energy resource”come true.So now, the importance and the necessity of peaceful and rational exploitation of these resources have gradually emerged. And Tuvalu firmly believes that should these resources be used properly, they would be evangel to all those suffering from the energy crisis.1One important ally of Tuvalu, the UK, has claimed 100 Esq. Sea territories near the Antarctica, which incurred many disputes from the countries near the Antarctica. Not only UK though, many other countries(such as Chile, Argentina, France, Norway) have claimed territories in Antarctica as well. Russian Federation even dispatched, 153 times, scientific groups to Antarctica to do research,discover and built basements!However, the territorial conflicts in Antarctic is not simply about territory itself; it is alsoabout showing off certain countries' power. Now, there are many treaties and protocols dealing with this issue, but few of them are effective. And the poor Antarctic Treaty, can only be regarded as a byproduct of the cold war, which froze many droids in Antarctic, and forbid the exploitation inAntarctica and the territory claims. Yet, it is very clear that not all of these items are rational. Tuvalu supports the exploitation of Antarctic resources, and we believe that Antarctica belongs to the entire human race, which, of course, includes us Tuvalu.2Tuvalu is we hope to participate the inner conferences of the related countries to get more benefits for our citizens. Therefore, Tuvalu suggests that the international community hold discussions based on the Svalbard Treaty, 1925 to exploit Antarctic resources, protect its environment, and, as well, to pay less attention to military and economic concerns.Also as one of the least developed countries in the world, we have extremely limited capabilityfor thorough exploitation: We will simply use the resources of Antarctica to meet domestic needs. The exploitation of the Antarctic is a mainstream trend of our time. So, Tuvalu suggests all countries be united, to together figure out a rational, environment-friendly and sustainable way to exploit Antarctic and to protect it. Tuvalu is willing to cooperate with other developed alliancesuchas Australia, Japan and UK during this UNEP conference to sign related joint communiqué to help1 /bbs/dispbbs.asp?boardid=12&id=281&page=2&star=12 /view/2732.htm大家一起来模联东北一狂人著18our alliances and Tuvalu ourselves to benefit from all that we can.Above all, Tuvalu suggests:1. Considering that great profits can and can only be achieved underInternational Treaties, Tuvalu urges the UN to ameliorate all international treatiessuch as the Antarctic Treaty and United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,discuss the documents of scientific share of the polar area, take the polar area intothe jurisdiction of the United Nations, and welcome all states to carry out scientific explorations.2. Urges all states to explore the resources shared by all mankind properly, inrespect of the international laws and the protection of the environment, andannounce all the scientific achievements beneficial to everyone.3. Protects the benefits of all developing countries on the controversial issue,and thinks developing countries should cooperate with developed ones and shouldn'tbe sated aside in the intense competition in exploiting Antarctic natural resources.4. As for energy, we suggest that every country find and invent new energy withgreat exertion, and we hope that the human race could get rid of the rely on fossilresources as soon as possible.5. According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, theapplication of the extension of the application of the continental shelf seabedsovereignty under article 76, and all states should hand in the relating applicationand information to UN.6. In expectation of relevant provisions of the United Nations Convention on theLaw of the Sea, all exploration and researches must be under the framework in thetreaty.Tuvalu is faces a huge problem that we will all soon be facing: Global Warming. This effect causes the elevation of sea level, and as a result our citizens have to migrate to survive. So we hopethat all countries will protect the environment of Antarctic area while exploring it.Tuvalu suggests that, in order to reach the consensus of certain laws and decisions, we should have further discussion on this topic. Antarctic belongs to all livings, including the citizens of Tuvalu. Tuvalu hopes that our citizens could find a new place to live in Antarctic zone by a resolution of UNEP. Tuvalu appeals every country to be united in elaborating new international laws in order to establish and maintain a new order in the exploration of Antarctic resources. Tuvalu will, of course, very much appreciates international assistance. Again, we insists that Antarctic belongs to the entire human race, and we hope all countries could cooperate with each other on these issues. And Tuvalu hopes all countries could pay more attention to environment protection when making the exploitation projects. Tuvalu has been devoted to promoting peacefuland efficient discussions among all the countries related to these issues to protect the collective benefits from the hegemonies. From now on, we will pay close attention to the progress of this conference, and we expect the UNEP to be efficient, effective, and function-enlarged.2. 工作文件（取材2008 年复旦模联）WorkingPaperSample(1)Committee: International Fishery Committee大家一起来模联东北一狂人著19Topic: Global fishery and managementSponsor: Panama, Guatemala, NigaruaguaAs countries with prospering fishing industry, also as countries that pay great attention tothe maintainance of biodiversity, we strive to solve negative effects brought about during fishery process. One of the major problems is bycatch.A vivid definition of bycatching:Imagine you are a the old man in Old Man and the Sea, and you want to catch someshrimp for lunch. If when you trawl up your net, except for the poor shrimps you want,there is also a dinasour struggling in the net, then you have just BY-CAUGHT: catchingsomething you do not intend to catch.Howseriousisby-catch?According to the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service, in the Gulf of Mexico, three pounds of bycatch are caught for every pound of shrimp that goes to market. Accordingto the Worldwide Fund for Nature, in the Gulf of Thailand it can be 14 pounds of bycatchper pound of shrimp. Bycatch is often discarded dead or dying by the time it is returned tothe sea. Trawl nets in general, and shrimp trawls in particular, have been identified as sources of mortality for species of concern, including cetaceans. Sea turtles, alreadycritically endangered, have been killed by the thousands in shrimp trawl nets.Howtoreduceby-catch?To reduce bycatch, we propose ways as follows:1. We recommand the "bycatch reduction device" (BRD) and the Nordmore grate thathelp fish escape from shrimp nets.2. We encourage trawlers to outfit their nets with trap-door "Turtle excluder device," or TEDs, to let sea turtles escape.3. As the size selectivity of trawl nets is often controlled by the size of the openings in thenet, especially in the "cod end", the larger the size of the openings, the more easily small fish can escape, so we support the use of appropriately larger sizes of openings.4. We appeal to further carry out the development and testing of modifications to fishing gear to improve selectivity and decrease impact, which is called "conservation engineering."DISCARDS, form a major part of the bycatch of a fishing operation. Discards are theportion of a catch of fish which is not retained on board during commercial fishing operations and is returned, often dead or dying, to the sea. Discarding impacts on the大家一起来模联东北一狂人著20environment in two ways; firstly, through increased mortality to target and non-target species, particularly at juvenile life-history stages, and secondly, through alteration of food webs by supplying increased levels of food to scavenging organisms on the sea floor, and to sea birds.So, in addition to efforts to reduce the amount of bycatch caught in nets, we also appeal to implement programs to effectively utilize bycatch species, rather than throwing the fish back into the ocean. One such use of bycatch is the formulation of fish hydrolysate that can be used as a soil amendment in organic agriculture.WorkingPaperSample(2)Committee: International Fishery CommitteeTopic : some solutions summarySponsors: Uruguay ,Guatemala ,Ecuador, Panama, Nicaragua, Brazil, Costa RicaThe following is summary of the common views of Latin Americancountries aboveOverfishing Solutions SummaryA.Raiseawarenessusingfollowingways1. Build morality education by public propagandas2. Build professional education to fishermen by science knowledgepopularizationEnhancepoormanagement3. reduce fishing capacity by restricting large-amount fishing to levels that marine system can sustain.4. Prohibit catching little fishes to allow over-exploited fish populations to recover.5. Raise artificial baby fishes6. Prohibit catching endangered and valuable fishes, by demarcatingno-fishing areas, to ensure the biodiversity.7. set restrictions on commercial fishing8. establish specific legislation to restrict overfishing; establish heavy legislation to ensure the conduction of management9. improve supervision system10.urges the local government to work on the issues efficiently and transparentlyBy-catching Solutions Summary1. Each relevant government definites the by-catching quota , based on each country’s ocean resource. And the quota should be ratified by UN.2. Modify the fishing instruments to reduce unwanted catch. For example: outfit nets with trap-door to let turtles escape in shrimp catching;大家一起来模联东北一狂人著21control the size of the nets’ openings.3. Restrict fishing capacity, for example,1 ton or 1000 heads, no matter what are your target fishes.4. Effectively utilize by-catching fishes, rather than throwing themback into the sea. Because by-catching is inevitable and the majority of the returned by-catching fishes are dead or dying.Solutions to El Nino impacts on fisheryBackgroundEl Nino causes heavy decline of fish production, resulting in the enormous economic losses of these countries, whose GDP consists a large proportion of fishery.Solutions1. utilize the previously mentioned monitoring system in working paper1.3 to forecast more effectively El Nino phenomenon2. compensate for the loss brought about by El Ninoa. modifications of annual fishery investment, according to the estimation from the monitoring systemb. humanitarian aids to disaster-struck countries are indispensable. BiodiversityBackgroundBiodiversity is a resource with enormous potential, both for intellectual and e conomic purposes and as an instrument for a country’s development. Each species (of course including fishes)plays a role in nature, andinteracts with other species and its environment. So biodiversity is worth concerning by every country.Solutions1. Set up international oceanic gene pool and enhance cooperation among associations.2. Encourage responsible countries to establish relevant laws for the conservation and sustainable use of oceanic bio-diversity.3. improve social participation by publicizing4. appeals for cooperation on bio-diversity technology and management expertise3. 决议草案Draft Resolution 1.1Committee:GeneralAssemblyTopic:ReportoftheCommitteeonRelationswiththeHostCountry大家一起来模联东北一狂人著22Sponsors:Argentina,Germany,Japan,SouthAfrica,TheUnitedStatesofAmericaSignatories:Azerbaijan,Brazil,Bangladesh,Barbados,Croatia,Denmark,Greece,Hungary,Italy,Jamaica,Zimbabwe,etc.The General Assembly,Having considered the report of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country,Recalling article 105 of the Charter of the United Nations, the Convention on the privilegesand immunities of the United Nations, the agreement between the United Nations and the United States of America regarding the headquarters of the United Nations and the responsibility of the host country,Recalling also that, in accordance with paragraph 7 of General Assembly resolution 2819 (XXVI) of 15 December 1971, the Committee should consider, and advise the host country on, issues arising in connection with the implementation of the Agreement between the United Nations and the United States of America regarding the headquarters of the United Nations,Recognizing that effective measures should continue to be taken by the competent authorities of the host country, in particular to prevent any acts violating the security of missions and the safety of their personnel,1. Endorses the recommendations and conclusions of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country contained in paragraph 86 of its report;2. Considers that the maintenance of appropriate conditions for the normal work of the delegations and the missions accredited to the United Nations and the observance of their privileges and immunities,which is and issue of great importance, are in the interest of the United Nations and allMember States, and requests the host country to continue to solve, trough negotiations, problems that might arise and to take all measures necessary to prevent any interference with the functioningof missions; and urges the host country to continue to take appropriate action, such as trainingof police, security, customs and border control officers, with a view to maintaining respect for diplomatic privileges and immunities and if violations occur to ensure that such cases are properly investigated and remedied, in accordance with applicable law;3. Notes the problems experienced by some permanent missions in connection with the implementationof the Parking Programme for Diplomatic Vehicles and shall remain seized of the matter,with a view to continuing to maintain the proper implementation of the Parking Programme in a manner that is fair, non-discriminatory, effective and therefore consistent with international law, and also notes the decision of the Committee to conduct another review of the implementation of the Programme during the sixty-first session of the General Assembly and, subject to its outcome, will proceed accordingly;大家一起来模联东北一狂人著234. Requests the host country to consider removing the remaining travel restrictions, notes that during the reporting period some travel restrictions previously imposed by the host country on staffof certain missions and staff members of the Secretariat of certain nationalities were removed, and,in this regard, notes the positions of affected States as reflected in the report of the Committee, of the Secretary General and of the host country;6. Notes that a number of delegations have requested shortening the time frame applied by the hostcountry for issuance of entry visas to representatives of Member States, since this time frame posesdifficulties for the full-fledged participation of Member States in United Nations meetings;7. Expresses its appreciation for the efforts made by the host country, and hopes that the issues raised at the meetings of the Committee will continue to be resolved in a spirit of cooperation and inaccordance with international law;8. Affirms the importance of the Committee in being in a position to fulfill its mandate and meet on a short notice to deal with urgent and important matters concerning the relations between the United Nations and the host country, and in that connection requests the Secretariat and the Committeeon Conferences to accord priority to requests of the Committee on the Relations with theHost Country for conference-servicing facilities for meetings of that Committee that must be held while the General Assembly and its main committees are meeting, without prejudice to the requirementof those bodies and on an "as available" basis;9. Requests the Secretary General to remain actively engaged in all aspects of the relations of the United Nations with the host country.4. 修正案（取材2008 年复旦模联）FriendlyAmendmenttoDraftResolution1.1(Sample)Sponsor: Peru, Ecuador, PanamaSignatories: U.S.A., Japan, San Marino, South Africa, Panama, Guinea-Bissau, Greece.In the point ”El Nino”, Peru and some of the South America countries would like to modifications the item (a) in point 2:Change the sentence “Modifications of a nnual fishery investment, according to the estimation fromthe monitoring system.” into “Modifications of annual domestic industry investment, according tothe estimation from the monitoring system.”5. 危机文件Draft Directive 4.1Committee: Executive Council of Organization of Prohibition of Chemical Weapons Sponsors: United Kingdom, USASignatories: Japan, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Italy24The OPCW,1. Requests the governments of India and Pakistan to fully cooperate with the OPCW in the following:a. Find our the modus operandi of the terrorist groups; such as JeM in acquiring chemical materials;b. Allowing full-fledged inspections of the region of Kashmir, where chemical materials are suspected to have been tested.2. Urges cooperation among security and intelligence related bodies to prevent terrorist attacks that involve chemical agents.。
模联立场文件优秀范例
模联立场文件优秀范例模拟联合国（Model United Nations）是一种通过模拟联合国会议的形式来进行国际事务讨论和学习的活动。
在模联中，代表们需要撰写立场文件来表达自己所属国家或团体的立场。
一个优秀的立场文件在内容和形式上都应该达到一定的标准。
下面是一篇优秀的模联立场文件范例。
题目：关于应对全球气候变化问题的措施主题：环境保护国家：中华人民共和国代表：王康论点：我国坚持生态文明建设，全面推进绿色发展，提出并实施了一系列应对气候变化的政策措施。
我国秉持的是共同但有区别的责任原则，认为应对气候变化是全球行动，需要国际社会共同努力。
以下是我国的具体立场：一、坚决支持《巴黎协定》我国一直坚持应对气候变化的国际合作，致力于推动各方落实《巴黎协定》。
作为世界上最大的发展中国家，我国已经迈出了应对气候变化的积极步伐，相信其他国家也有应对气候变化的意愿和能力。
二、以发展为重心，减排为手段气候变化与发展密不可分，我国一直坚持以发展为重心，减排为手段。
在发展过程中控制碳排放，是我国应对气候变化的重要方式。
同时，我国还制定《生态文明体制改革总体方案》，计划到2020年左右建立起覆盖全国、系统完备、科学规范的生态文明制度体系。
三、坚守自主可持续发展道路中国是一个具有广阔土地、丰富自然资源的大国，实现可持续发展是我国的必然选择。
我国正在积极推进“绿色中国”，实施大气、水、土壤污染防治三大行动计划，加强资源保存和再利用，积极推进生态文明城市创建等措施。
四、加强国际合作，共同应对气候变化我国认为应对气候变化是全球性、永恒性的任务，需要国际社会共同努力。
我国主张加强国际合作，特别是北南合作，推动转移低碳技术，向发展中国家提供技术、资金和培训支持。
同时，我国还倡导推进“一带一路”倡议，为区域可持续发展作出积极贡献。
结论：总而言之，加强国际合作、以发展为重心、加强自主可持续发展和积极推动“巴黎协定”的贯彻落实，是我国应对气候变化的基本立场和措施。
模拟联合国立场文件
立场文件代表：党立刚国家：法国议题：碳排放税众所周知，目前，威胁人类未来的并不是战争侵略，而是气候变化、人口增长、贫困加剧，以及国家失能。
我们面临的挑战，不仅是从概念术语上对安全重新定义，而且需要慎重考虑政府政策的可实施性，从而将各种政策、资源转向实现生态环保模式的目标上。
多数国家对未来的关心是泛泛而言的，不过也有国家担心具体的威胁，如气候变化或人口增长。
当然作为联合国理事会应该想得更远，不仅在考虑如果人类继续按传统模式行事文明会不会衰落这个层面，而更应考虑文明会在何时走到这一步。
从19世纪末以来的百年间，由于碳排放量的增加而导致全球平均气温上升了0.3℃-0.6℃，因而全球海平面相应也上升了10-25厘米。
全球海平面的上升将直接淹没人口密集、工农业发达的大陆沿海低地地区，因此后果十分严重。
早在1995年11月在柏林召开的联合国《气候变化框架公约》缔约方第二次会议上，44个小岛国组成了小岛国联盟，为他们的生存权而呼吁。
同时，全球碳排放量大幅增长而造成的恶劣后果不一而足，到底谁是造成碳排放量的始作俑者，这不是我们要讨论的，我们现在需要的是积极采取合理措施控制碳排放量的升高，从而建立生态和谐的生存环境。
从经济学角度讲，气候变化的问题，是环境外部性的问题，经济学家认为这个问题的原因可以概括为成本和收益，稀缺和价格，权力和义务，脱节或者背离，是由于市场或者是政府失灵两者结合造成的，要想校正这种失灵就要使外部成本内部化。
建立合法碳排放税，允许成为商品进行交易是实现温室气体减排的有效手段之一，也是各国目前应对气候变化的手段。
法国一直致力于成为绿色技术的领跑者，法国早在上世纪就已建立能源—环保经济节约型发展模式，一改传统的火力发电，成为目前的核发电和水力发电！改革传统生产模式，发展轻工业低耗碳！同时，法国主张世界向多极化发展，强调维护文化和语言的多样性，呼吁建立公正和谐的国际新秩序，呼吁共同保护我们的生存环境。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
模拟联合国立场文件 Revised by Jack on December 14,2020
立场文件立场文件的英文是 Position Paper，可定义为“表明一国在某一个问题上的基本观点和立场的文件”。
立场文件反映了一个国家对特定话题的立场和解决建议，许多代表也会用立场文件作为大会中第一次发言的发言稿，由此可见其重要性。
一篇立场文件只阐述对于一个议题的国家立场观点，如果一个委员会的议题有两个，那么就需要提交两份立场文件。
一份立场文件的篇幅应尽量控制在一到两页。
立场文件作用其他国家可以通过一国的立场文件来了解该国在这一议题上的基本立场，确定该国是否与自己的国家具有共同的目标和利益等等，这样便于各国协会协商和合作。
也可以提醒本国代表自己的底线。
立场文件同时也是会议开始阶段各国陈述观点的主要参照发言材料，但它并不是发言稿。
立场文件的格式和要点 1）开头立场文件的开头应该包括以下部分：代表姓名（delegates）代表来自的学校（schools）国家（country）委员会（committee）议题（topic） 2）正文正文的内容一般安排如下：背景介绍：简要陈述议题。
这一部分所占篇幅最小，只需简单概括该问题的历史，并提出讨论解决该问题的重要性即可。
过去的行动：这部分包括联合国在该问题上的决议或行动及本国在该问题上已经作出的行动和决议等。
本国的立场/政策/解决措施：这部分主要表明本国的立场，提供本国对于该问题的解决办法和措施，并提供理由等。
3）篇幅书写语言为中文，字体用宋体，5号字，单倍行距。
篇幅尽量控制在一到两页左右。
4）充实内容前面介绍的正文内容安排只是一种参考。
立场文件不是考试作文的八股文，其内容的安排顺序和文章结构都可以根据代表国的实际情况调整。
还可以从以下很多方面充实立场文件的内容：对该国在这个议题上的立场的总体概括和对该国在此问题
上的历史介绍该问题是怎样影响该国的该国在此问题上的政策和实施相关政策的理由
该国在此问题上签署的协议或批准的决议在此问题上别国的立场怎样影响该国的立场国家领导在相关问题上发言的引言为支持该国在此问题上的对策的相关数据 5）写作中需要注意的问题如非必要不需要陈述这个国家的详细信息（GDP、人口、资源等）尽量使文体显得官方和正式，写作的时候再选词方面要特别注意举出实例，而不是空讲政策和态度用脚注或尾注来表明所引用的资料（不强求）立场文件作为会议要求的正式文件，在用词方面也有固定的要求。
用词要求正式，避免口语化的表达。
一般，立场文件都采用第三人称“中国认为（China thinks）、美国代表团相信（the US Delegation believes）”等等，而不用“你、我、他”。
同时立场文件的表达应当简洁明了，尽量不要采用修辞、排比等过于文学的表达方式。
由于篇幅有限，立场文件应该围绕议题和国家立场展开，确保每一句话都是为了表达国家立场服务。
我们建议代表使用一个简明的架构来书写立场文件。
你的工作不是把你所收集的大量信息填充到结构中，而是把你的观点、建议以及解决办法等等信息融合起来加以整理，使他们能够很好的融合到你的立场文件结构中，让你的立场文件更有建设性。
一篇好的立场文件应包括以下几个方面：简要阐述议题，并说明代表国认为对这个议题对于其本国以及整个国际社会所具有的重要性。
代表国所持有的立场、态度。
可包括该国与此相关的国内事务及外交政策，以及过去在国际工作中所支持过的决议等等。
对于联合国所采取过的主要措施代表国持怎样的态度。
代表国对委员会的建议。
可包括代表国认为有效可行的解决措施，以及国际社会应承当的角色。
所以确切的说，立场文件更接近说明文，而
不是一般认为的议论文或者辩论陈词。
后者往往要求先明确表达观点（比如托福作文或GRE的Argument部分），然后旁征博引来证明观点的正确正当。
但是立场文件的写作不是要通过具有冲击力的词汇说服阅读者，而是要通过合理引用客观资料说明问题，并在此基础上得出结论，更强调体现出一种分析的过程。
换句话说，立场文件写作的最高境界，就是让阅读者顺着写作者的思路，自然而然地得出和写作者类似的结论，也就是所谓的共鸣。
Delegate:
School:
Country:Japan
C ommittee:
Topic:The Military Use of Children
Child soldiersoriginated from ancient Greece,ancient Greekboybegan to receivemilitary training andparticipation in the warfrom the age of seven,after centuries ofEuropean Employmentof twelveyear old boydochild soldiers,warweakened aftertheywere unfortunatelyasthe slave trade.By nineteenth Century,Russia,France,Americanhave the use ofchild soldiers.Child soldierstraining is brutal,many childrendied in thewar,torture,disease and hunger.In twentieth Centurythe use ofsurge in the number ofchild soldiersin World War II,fascistuse a large number ofchild soldiers,then thechild soldiersis not limited tomen,daughterof child soldiersalso appearedin the war.Child soldiersliving indangerousandstressful environment,caused parison of adultthey wereat the end of the warravagedmore.
Child soldiers arelow price,easy to manage,obedient soAfrica,South Asia,Latin Americastilluse informalor formalchild soldiers,thesechild soldiersascannon fodder,spy,slaves andservants,the desperate situation.These childrenwill be affected by thedestructionis not onlyphysically,but also spiritual.Theireducational opportunitieslost,soafter the war,their spiritwas greatlydestroyed,many of them aresuffering from a mental illness.Nota normal lifein society.
Child soldiersreturn to societyis the biggest problemfacing theworld,only the two sidesconflictrefused to useformal or informalchild soldiers,the problem can besolved fundamentally.So the United Nationsshould enact theprovisionsprohibiting the use ofchild soldiers,child soldiers,the dissolution ofteam,restore them insociallife.Let thechildrenhave a good educationandgoodfamily environment,isthe problemfacing theinternationalbrook no delay.
Aboutchild soldiers,Japanenacted lawsprohibiting the use ofchild soldiers,reduce conflictswith other countries,withoutarmed conflict,notrecruiting child soldiers,let the
childrena good education,and good familyenvironment and social environment.The publicityofchild soldiers,to urge other nations toreject the use ofchild soldiers,physical and mental health of children,grow up happy.。