英语句子的翻译

第三章英语句子的翻译名词性从句•what, how, whether, that, where, when, 引导的名词性从句,用来做主语，宾语，表语，介词宾语或者同位语•What引导eg: 【what was once regarded as impossible】has now become a reality.过去认为不可能的事现在已经成为现实。

•how引导eg: I don‟t know 【how to do 】.我不知道该如何做。

•whether引导eg: it isn‟t much 【whether he works】；the question is 【whether he works at all 】.他干多少并不重要，问题是他到底有没有干。

•when引导eg: 【when we will begin to work】has not been decided yet.什么时候开始工作还没决定呢。

•that引导eg: 【that you have done such a stupid thing】was incredible.你竟然做这么傻的事情，（这）真叫人难以置信。

同位语从句1. As an obedient son, I had accepted my father‟s decision that I was to be a doctor, though the prospect interested me not at all.作为一个孝顺的儿子，我接受了父亲的决定，当一名医生，虽然我对这样的前途毫无兴趣。

（不提前）2. Y et, from the beginning, the fact that I was alive was ignored.然而，从一开始，我仍然活着这个事实却偏偏被忽视了。

（提前）3. But considered realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.但是现实地考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样的事实：我们的前景并不妙。

（冒号）4. And there was the possibility that a small electrical spark might accidentally bypass the most carefully planned circuit.而且有这种可能性——一个小小的电火花，可能会意外地绕过了最为精心设计的线路。

（破折号）翻译同位语从句有三种方法，即提前，保持不变和增加“即”（或“以为”），或用冒号、破折号分开。

定语从句1. This is the cat. 这就是那只猫。

2. This is the cat that killed the rat. 这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。

3. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake.* 这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了蛋糕的老鼠的猫。

4. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house.* 这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。

5. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built. * 这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。

Apparently，it's impossible for a translator to put all the information into one Chinese sentence in the same sequence as in English. Therefore，a readable Chinese version of the above English sentences 3，4，5 should be like these：3.这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。

老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。

4.这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。

老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。

5.这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。

老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。

屋子是杰克盖的。

Consequently，some efficient ways have been suggested to tackle the problems that occurs in the translation of English attributive clauses.1．前置定语This is the reason 【why I am not in favor of revising the plan】.这就是我不赞成修改计划的原因2.翻译为独立的并列分句：当定语从句较长时,将其译成并列分句, 放置于原来它所修饰词的后面。

先行词可保留并在第二个分句中重复；亦可省略。

It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two ponds each.他居然种出了二百个奇迹般的西红柿，每个重达两磅。

3.译成原因、结果、让步、目的、条件状语从句:英语中有些定语从句，兼有状语职能，在意义上与主句有状语关系，说明原因、结果、目的、让步、假设等关系。

翻译时要善于在原文的字里行间发现这些关系，然后译成相应的偏正复句。

The thief who was about to escape was caught by the police.小偷要跑时，被警察抓住了。

We support the open trade system which is to the ultimate advantage of all.我们支持开放的贸易制度，（因为）它最终对大家都有好处。

There are something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that please them all.这个方案富于创造性，独出心裁，很有魄力，所以使所有人都很喜欢它。

（果）•Those who are in favour please hold up their hands.•（凡）赞成的，请举手。

(条件、假设)4.融合法Mixture: ，把原句的主语和定语从句融合一起译成一个独立句子。

由于限制性定语从句与主句关系密切，所以融合法比较适合用于翻译限制性定语从句。

英语中的there be结构汉译时往往这样处理。

There was 【a man who seems to have the answers】, and that was Mr. Robert.有一个人似乎胸有成竹，那就是罗伯特先生。

非限定性定语从句:对先行词只加以描写、述叙或解释，而不限制。

Apart from the pronunciation exercises, which call for the teacher’s active guidance in the form of demonstration of sound features concerned, most exercises are such that students can work more or less independently.译文：除去那些需要教师就有关发音特点作积极的示范指导的语音练习之外，大多数都是那种或多或少可有学生自己独立完成的练习。

辨析：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：限制性定语从句代表一个（些）或一类特定的人或东西，起了一种限制范围的作用。

非限制性定语从句和它的先行词只有比较松散的关系，仅对先行词提供进一步的补充说明。

改译：只有语音练习需要教师就有关发音特点作积极的示范指导，除语音练习之外，大多数都是那种或多或少可由学生自己独立完成的练习。

A cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than o ur eyes, can see more clearly in the darkness. 由于猫的眼睛比人眼能吸收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜也看得很清楚。

•The scientist，who was dog-tired, went on with the experiment.•那位科学家虽已筋疲力尽，但还是继续进行实验。

（让步）•He wishes to write an article, that will attract public attention to the matter.•他想写一篇文章，以引起人们对这个事情的关注。

（目的）•Men become desperate for work，any work，which will help them to keep alive their families. 人们拼命想得到工作，不管什么工作，只要能维持一家人的生活就行。

（条件）状语从句English adverbial clauses include adverbials of time, place, cause, condition, concession, purpose, result, and so on. Generally speaking, these adverbial clauses do not pose any obstacles to either comprehending or translating, and the crux is how to make the translation conform to Chinese usage, namely, how to arrange them properly. Another point for attention is how to deal with the redundant conjunctions when English adverbial clauses are translated into Chinese.•对于状语从句的翻译，一般情况下按正常语序翻译。