新世纪大学英语-4-课文-翻译-1.Man-in-the-Realm-of-Nature

Man in the Realm of NatureAlexander Spirkin1RT Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are constantlysurrounded by it and interact with it. Man is constantly aware of theinfluence of nature in the form of the air he breathes, the water hedrinks, and the food he eats. We are connected with nature by "blood"ties and we cannot live outside nature.人在自然界亚历山大·斯伯金人类生活在大自然的王国里。

他们时刻被大自然所包围并与之相互影响。

人类呼吸的空气、喝下的水和摄入的食物，无一不令人类时刻感知到大自然的影响。

我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。

2 Man is not only a dweller in nature, he also transforms it. Humanityconverts nature's wealth into the means of the cultural, historical life ofsociety. Man has subdued and disciplined electricity and compelled it toserve the interests of society. Not only has man transferred variousspecies of plants and animals to different climatic conditions, he hasalso changed the shape and climate of his environment andtransformed plants and animals.人类不仅生活在大自然之中，同时也在改变着大自然。

人类把自然资源转变为各种文化，社会历史的财富。

人类降服并控制了电，迫使它为人类社会的利益服务。

人类不仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的气候环境，也改变了他生活环境的地貌和气候并使动植物因之而发生转变。

3 As society develops, man tends to become less dependent on naturedirectly, while indirectly his dependence grows. Our distant ancestorslived in fear of nature's destructive forces. Very often they were unableto obtain the merest daily necessities. However, despite their imperfecttools, they worked together stubbornly, collectively, and were able toattain results. Nature was also changed through interaction with man.Forests were destroyed and the area of farmland increased. Naturewith its elemental forces was regarded as something hostile to man.The forest, for example, was something wild and frightening andpeople tried to force it to retreat. This was all done in the name ofcivilisation, which meant the places where man had made his home,where the earth was cultivated, where the forest had been cut down.随着社会的发展，人类对大自然的直接依赖越来越少，而间接的依赖却越来越多。

我们远古的祖先生活在大自然的威胁及破坏力的恐惧之中，他们常常连基本的生活物资都无法获取。

然而，尽管工具不甚完备，他们却能同心协力，顽强工作，并总是有所收获。

在与人类的相互作用中，大自然也发生了改变。

森林被破坏了，耕地面积增加了。

大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。

譬如，森林被认为是野性的和令人恐惧的，因此人类便想方设法使其面积缩小。

这一切都是打着“文明”的旗号进行的，所谓“文明”，就是人类在哪里建立家园，耕耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。

4 But as time goes on mankind becomes increasingly concerned withthe question of where and how to obtain irreplaceable naturalresources for the needs of production. Science and man's practicaltransforming activities have made humanity aware of the enormousgeological role played by the industrial transformation of the earth.然而，随着岁月的流逝，人类越来越关注的是在何处得到和如何得到生产所需的不可替代的自然资源的问题。

科学与人类改变大自然的实践活动已经使人类意识到了工业在改变地球的进程中对地质产生的重大影响。

5At present the previous dynamic balance between man and natureand between nature and society as a whole, has shown ominous signsof breaking down. The problem of the so-called replaceable resourcesof the biosphere has become particularly acute. It is getting more andmore difficult to satisfy the needs of human beings and society even forsuch a substance, for example, as fresh water. The problem ofeliminating industrial waste is also becoming increasingly complex.目前，人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，已呈现崩溃的迹象。

生物圈中所谓可替代资源的问题变得极为尖锐。

人类和社会的需求，即便是简单得像淡水一样的物质，也变得越来越难以满足。

清除工业废物的问题也变得日益复杂。

6Modern technology is distinguished by an ever increasing abundanceof produced and used synthetic goods. Hundreds of thousands ofsynthetic materials are being made. People increasingly cover theirbodies from head to foot in nylon and other synthetic, glittering fabricsthat are obviously not good for them. Young people may hardly feel this,and they pay more attention to appearance than to health. But theybecome more aware of this harmful influence as they grow older.现代技术的特征是生产和使用日益丰富的人工合成产品。

人们生产成千上万的人工合成材料。

人们越来越多地用尼龙和其他人造纤维把自己从头到脚地包裹起来，这些绚丽的织物显然对他们无益。

年轻人或许很少注意到这一点，他们更关注的是外表，而不是健康。

但是上了年岁之后，他们就会感受到这种有害的影响。

7RT As time goes on the synthetic output of production turns intowaste, and then substances that in their original form were not verytoxic are transformed in the cycle of natural processes into aggressiveagents. Today both natural scientists and philosophers are askingthemselves the question: Is man's destruction of the biosphereinevitable?久而久之，这些合成物质转变成废弃物，那些原本毒性不大的物质在自然循环中变为极其有害的物质。

自然科学家和哲学家如今都在问自己这样一个问题：人类对生物圈的破坏难道是无法避免的吗？close8 The man-nature relation — the crisis of the ecological situation — isa global problem. Its solution lies in rational and wise organization ofboth production itself and care for Mother Nature, not just byindividuals, enterprises or countries, but by all humanity. One of theways to deal with the crisis situation in the "man-nature" system is to use such resources as solar energy, the power of winds, the riches ofthe seas and oceans and other, as yet unknown natural forces of theuniverse.人与大自然的关系——生态环境的危机——已经成为一个全球性问题。