2-muscular system 选修课
英语选修2课文知识点总结
英语选修2课文知识点总结Part 1 IntroductionCultural relics are physical evidence of a civilization’s culture and history. They can be monuments, buildings, artworks, or artifacts that have survived from past cultures and civilizations. Cultural relics are important because they provide valuable insights into the way of life, beliefs, and achievements of people in the past.Part 2 The importance of cultural relicsCultural relics are important for several reasons. First, they provide evidence of human development and advancement. For example, the Great Wall of China is a cultural relic that showcases the engineering and construction abilities of ancient Chinese people. Second, cultural relics can help us understand the customs, traditions, and social organization of past societies. For instance, the Terracotta Army in China reveals the military and burial customs of the Qin Dynasty. Third, cultural relics are important for their artistic and aesthetic value. For instance, the paintings in the caves of Lascaux in France are significant for their artistic and historical value. Finally, cultural relics play a crucial role in shaping national and regional identities and promoting tourism and economic development.Part 3 The protection of cultural relicsCultural relics are often vulnerable to damage, destruction, or theft. Therefore, it is essential to protect and preserve these artifacts for future generations. This can be done through proper maintenance, conservation, restoration, and legal regulations. International organizations such as UNESCO also play a significant role in the preservation of cultural relics by providing funds, expertise, and support to countries in need of assistance.Part 4 Case study: The protection of the Great Wall of ChinaThe Great Wall of China is one of the world’s most famous cultural relics. It spans over 13,000 miles and is under threat from natural erosion, vandalism, and tourism. To safeguard this cultural relic, the Chinese government has implemented various measures, such as restricting the number of visitors, controlling development around the wall, and conducting restoration and conservation work.Part 5 ConclusionIn conclusion, cultural relics are important because they provide valuable insights into the past, contribute to national and regional identities, and promote tourism and economic development. It is crucial to protect and preserve these artifacts for the benefit of future generations.Unit 2 NaturePart 1 IntroductionNature encompasses the physical world and all living organisms. It includes plants, animals, landscapes, and natural phenomena such as weather, climate, and geological processes. Nature is essential for human survival and well-being and provides a source of inspiration, beauty, and recreation.Part 2 The importance of natureNature plays a vital role in maintaining the ecological balance and supporting life on Earth. For example, plants produce oxygen, regulate the climate, and provide habitats for wildlife. Moreover, nature provides essential resources such as food, water, and medicine, and contributes to leisure and recreational activities.Part 3 The impact of human activities on natureHuman activities such as deforestation, pollution, and climate change have had a detrimental impact on nature. These activities have led to the loss of biodiversity, habitat destruction, and environmental degradation, which in turn have negative consequences for human health and well-being.Part 4 Case study: The impact of deforestation on the Amazon rainforestThe Amazon rainforest, located in South America, is one of the most biodiverse and ecologically significant regions in the world. However, due to deforestation for logging, agriculture, and mining, the Amazon rainforest is facing severe threats. As a result, there has been a decline in biodiversity, loss of carbon storage, and disruption of local and global climate patterns.Part 5 Conservation and preservation of natureIt is essential to take measures to conserve and preserve nature for the benefit of current and future generations. This can be achieved through the establishment of protected areas, sustainable resource management, reforestation, and environmental education and advocacy. International cooperation and agreements are also crucial for the conservation of nature on a global scale.Part 6 ConclusionIn conclusion, nature is essential for human survival, well-being, and quality of life. It is crucial to protect and preserve nature and take measures to mitigate the impact of human activities on the environment. By doing so, we can ensure the continued availability of natural resources and the maintenance of ecological balance and biodiversity.。
circulatory system循环系统
1.General structure of artery
(1) Tunica intima endothelium subendothelial layer internal elastic membrane
Artery
(2) Tunica media
(3)Tunica adventitia
(1) Tunica intima
♠ Small artery：
0.3mm-1mm 1.tunic intima :
internal elastic
membrane 2.tunic media
smf :8~10layers
3.tunic adventia: have a same thickness with tunic media
Introduction
• Composition:
Cardiovascular system:
heart arteries capillaries veins
lymphatic vascular system
lymphatic capillaries lymphatic ducts lymphatic vessels
LCT with terminal branches of the conducting system
Purkinje fibers
Purkinje fibers vs cardiac muscle fiber Structure:
a) thicker b) fewer myofilaments c) 1-2 nuclei d) light-staining cytoplasm
Characteristics of each artery ♠ Medium-sized artery：named Artery 1.Easy to distinquish the 3 layers because of the prominent internal ,external elastic membrane 2. Subendothelial layer is thin almost absent. 3. Tunica media contains 10~40 layers of circularly arranged smf called muscular artery 4.The thickness of tunica media is similar to that of adventitia Function: to control the flow of blood into the organ
雅思听力选课场景的相关词汇总结
雅思听力选课场景的相关词汇总结大家都知道雅思听力是基于一个又一个的场景中的，雅思听力选课场景的相关题目一般会出现在Section3部分。
主要以Multiple choice item 、two multiple choice item 和summary completion的题型出现，通常会是一段对话。
下面列举一些雅思听力选课场景会涉及到的相关词汇：basic course基础课、specialized course专业课、required course必修课、optional/selective course选修课、full-time course、part-time course、a modular course。
此外还有一些学科专业术语：Literature文学、philosophy哲学、history 历史、art 艺术、sociology社会学、linguistics语言学、psychology心理学、engineering工程学、architecture 建筑学、business商务、law法学、economics经济学、fiancé金融学、accounting会计学、banking银行学、biochemistry生物化学、Social pedagogy社会教育学、hotel management酒店管理、mass media大众传媒、nursing护理专业、course arrangement课程安排、application form申请表;此外，除了不同专业外，选课场景还包括对语言的选择，相关词汇如下：Portuguese葡萄牙语、Italian意大利语、Russian俄语、Arabic阿拉伯语、mandarin(standard Chinese)普通话、Cantonese广东话、Spanish西班牙语、French法语、German德语，选择语言的级别包括：fundamental初级的、intermediate 中级的、advanced高级的。
医学英语-MUSCULAR-SYSTEM
此课件下载可自行编辑修改，供参考！ 部分内容来源于网络，如有侵权请与我联系删除！
Dystrophin 抗肌萎缩蛋白
[dis'trɔfin]
Key Words
1.cardiac muscle 2.smooth muscle 3.skeletal muscle 4.involuntary muscle 5.voluntary muscle 6.muscle fiber 7. sarcolemma 8. sarcoplasm 9.sarcoplasm reticulum 10.fascia 11.fascicle 12.tendon
A. Myofibrils, filaments, muscle fibers B. Muscle fibers, Myofibrils, filaments C. Muscle fibers, filaments, Myofibrils D. Myofibrils, muscle fibers, filaments
– Extend from Z disk to Z disk
Z disk – a darker area in middle of I band
Sarcomere 肌节
Myofilament 肌丝
[ˈsɑ:kəmiə] [ˌmaiəuˈfiləmənt]
Sarcomere
I band
– Distance between two thick filaments – Contains only thin filaments
Strain 拉伤
Cramp 痉挛
[strein] [kræ mp]
Myasthenia Gravis
Antibodies attack Ach receptors
培养方案课程设置中英文对照
56
36
20
必修
信息学院
2
A4
B2
C1
C4
通识类选修（选修6学分）
1060201
研讨课
Seminar
1.0
16
以汇报形式安排4次
专题
资环学院
1
A4
B1
C1
C4
文献检索
1.0
32
选修
7
A11
B10
C1
C5
科技发展与文明传承
Scientific and Technology Development and Cultural Heritage Preservation
2.0
32
32
选修
资环学院
6
A11
B8
C5
3064226
水土保持经济植物栽培学
Economic Plant Cultivation for Soil and Water Conservation
2.0
32
24
8
选修
资环学院
5
A9
B8
C5
3064227
水土保持农学
Agronomy of Soil and Water Conservation
综合实践
（31.5学分）
1305101
军训
Military training
2.0
3周
必修
1
练（丙）
Engineering Training(C)
1.0
1周
必修
1
A1
A5
B2
C3
C4
1305201
劳动
某大学通识教育选修课程一览表
1110121法律与生活Law and Life21410143园艺与健康Horticulture and Health21520091人类与畜牧业Mankind and Animal Husbandry21610131农业经济学Agricultural Economics21640133管理学基础Basics of Management Science21630134公司理财Corporate Finance21640130创业学Entrepreneurship21620229国际商务与WTO规则International Business and WTO Rules21620135国际贸易International Trade21620136经济学基础Basics of Economics21620137市场营销Marketing21730122营养与健康Nutrition and Health21830143商品学基础Basics of Commodity Science21910118知识产权法Intellectual Property Law22030196资产评估学Asset Assessment Study22010194民法学Science of Civil Law22010251实用礼仪Practical Etiquette22000352开心农场：从虚拟到现实Happy Farm:Virtual to Real22250502公司法Corporate Law22220189女性与社会Women and Society2 2220214社会学21020089微生物与人类Microbes and Mankind21020093生物技术概论Introduction to Biotechnology21040094生物信息学概论Introduction to Bioinformatics21110126世界农业概论Introduction to World Agriculture21110129生态安全Ecological Security21110124人类染色体与健康Human Chromosomes and Health21110254植物生态与环境Plant Ecology and Environment21220080昆虫与健康Insects and Health21240076气象学Meteorology21240077物候与气象Phenology and Meteorology21330298环境保护与可持续发展Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development21310134生态学概论Introduction to Ecology21310140遥感概论Introduction to Remote Sensing21420365药学导论Introduction to Pharmacy21440366都市农业概论Introduction to Urban Agriculture21510168现代水产产业模式与管理Industrial Patterns and Management of Modern Fisheries21520089动物营养与食品安全Animal Nutrition and Food Safety21520104动物福利Animal Welfare1530088动物行为学Animal Behavioral Studies21510167休闲渔业Recreational Fishery2 1710127人体结构与功能2Structure and Function of Human Body1710244前沿生命科学的奥秘Mysteries in Frontier Life Sciences21720121实验动物学Laboratory Animal Science21820144生物工程导论Introduction to Bioengineering21820218食品信息学Food Information Science21830141食品营养学Food Nutrition21830142食品质量与安全Food Quality and Safety22040353世界建筑史History of World Architecture22310143数学与文化Mathematics and Culture22310141数学模型与应用Mathematical Models and Their Applications22310145运筹学Operations Research22320146物理与人类文明Physics and Human Civilization22330144化学与现代社会Chemistry and Modern Society29840018工业概论Introduction to Industry29840012茶学概论Introduction to Tea Science2 1030197Evolutionary Biology21410145花卉鉴赏与花文化Flower Identification and Appreciation and Flower Culture21410146茶文化学Tea Culture21430367中外风景园林赏析Analysis and Appreciation of Landscape Architecture Home andAbroad21410368果品鉴评与文化Fruit Identification and Evaluation and Fruit Culture21410369蔬菜文化Vegetable Culture21410370室内花卉装饰与莳养Planting，Raising and Decoration of Indoor Flowers22130178日本文学与电影欣赏Appreciation of Japanese Literature and Films22230199旅行与休闲Travel and Leisure22230537旅游景观鉴赏Appreciation of Tourist Landscape22230310环球风光旅游Global Tourism22240212服饰美学Costume Aesthetics22280536音乐欣赏Music Appreciation22280538影视鉴赏Appreciation of Films and TV Programmes22280601管弦乐训练与表演Orchestral Training Performance22310178京剧艺术欣赏Appreciation of Beijing Opera22330174桥牌Bridge Game23820007羽毛球Badminton13820008网球Tennis13820009乒乓球Table Tennis13820006体育舞蹈Physical Dance1。
muscularsystem ppt课件
Body movement
abduction adduction
abductor adductor
flexion extension
flexor extensor
pronation supination
pronator supinator
eversion inversion
evertor invertor
臂神经痛 头臂的 头部形成 脑膨出 头肌麻痹 颈胸的 肌与骨骼的 腱成形术 腱炎
Clinical and pathological conditions
dermat/omy/ofibr/ocellten/oblast/onecr/o-plasia -spasm
-trophy -oma -algia -dynia -lysis -malacia -pathy -sclerosis -tonia
Note:
-tonia tone 张力，正常的弹性
Clinical and pathological conditions
dermatomyositis fibromyitis myocellulitis myositis myotenositis tenositis amyoplasia amyotonia amyotrophy dystonia
Building blocks related to the muscular system
brachialgia brachiocephalic cephalogenesis cephalocele cephaloplegia cervicothoracic musculoskeletal tendinoplasty tendinitis
Action and naming of Muscles
英国大二三门必修课三门选修课
英国大二三门必修课三门选修课（实用版）目录1.英国大学课程设置简介2.大二学生的必修课程和选修课程3.课程选择的建议和策略正文【英国大学课程设置简介】英国大学的课程设置通常包括必修课和选修课。
必修课是学生必须完成的课程，以确保他们掌握必要的知识和技能。
选修课则允许学生根据自己的兴趣和职业规划选择课程。
这种课程设置旨在培养学生的专业素养和全面发展。
【大二学生的必修课程和选修课程】对于大二的学生来说，他们需要完成三门必修课和三门选修课。
必修课程通常涉及学科的基础知识和理论，以奠定学生的专业基础。
例如，经济学、心理学和社会学等专业可能会要求学生学习统计学、研究方法和理论课程等。
而选修课程则允许学生根据自己的兴趣和职业规划进行选择。
例如，如果一个经济学专业的学生对金融市场感兴趣，他可以选择金融市场、投资学等课程。
同样，如果一个心理学专业的学生对临床心理学感兴趣，她可以选择心理咨询、心理治疗等课程。
【课程选择的建议和策略】选择课程时，学生需要考虑自己的兴趣和职业规划，同时也要关注课程的难度和教学质量。
以下是一些课程选择的建议和策略：1.了解课程内容和教学方式：学生在选择课程前应详细了解课程的内容、教学方式和评价方式，以确保课程符合自己的学习需求和兴趣。
2.选择有挑战性的课程：学生应选择有一定挑战性的课程，以推动自己的学术发展和能力提升。
3.合理安排课程：学生应根据自身的学习能力和时间安排，合理选择课程，避免课程过多或过少。
4.寻求指导和建议：学生可以向导师、学长学姐或同学寻求课程选择的指导和建议，以确保自己的选择符合专业要求和发展方向。
总的来说，英国大学的课程设置为学生提供了广泛的选择和发展空间。
2胸部筋膜解剖英文 - 复件(4)[1]
Foundation
Maximum therapy can be tolerated
Surgical Management
MinimumEf fective treatment
3 乳腺癌改良根治术手术技巧
Detail Is the Key of Success？
建议改：Is detail the key to the
Radiation Therapy Chemotherapy Surgical Management
3
2
1
Treatment 4 5 6
Others Hormonal Therapy
Targeted therapy
2 乳腺癌改良根治术手术技巧
Surgical management of Breast Cancer
Lockwood T (1999). Plast Reconstr Surg 103:1411–1420
Superficial fascial system of the breast
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014 Feb;133(2):273-81
Superficial fascial system of the breast
Superficial layer
Beer et al.
•The SL was absent in 44% of resection specimens •When the SL was present, 42% of specimens
contained several islands of breast tissue within the
SL •Minimum distance between this SL and dermis
Muscular system
Word formation
Prefixes
Bi Tri Two Three
Dys Extra Hyper-
Bad, painful, difficult
Outside Above, excessive
Hypo Mal Multi Peri Trans-
Myasthenia gravis
Dystrophy
Myositis Cramp
Introduction
Basic rules
prefixes 1. Word beginnings are called________. suffixes 2. Word ending are called________. root 3. The foundation of a word is know as the________. 4. A letter linking a suffix and a root, or linking two combining vowel roots, in a word is called the_______________. 5. The combination of a root and a combining vowel is combining form know as the______________.
Dificient, below, under
Bad Many Surrounding Across
Prefixes
Muscle system
Arteri/o Cortic/o Artery Cortex
Dermat/o Fibr/o Gen/o My/o Neur/o-
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
my/o muscle
• myopathy • myonecrosis -pathy necrosis: death
-oma tumor
• thymoma • myoma • fibroma thym/o: thymus my/o fibr/o: fiber
pelv/i pelvic bone; pelvis
• • • hypoglycemia hypothermia glyc/o: glucose, sugar therm/o: heat, temperature
hypotension low blood pressure
mal = bad
• malnutrition
• malformation congenital disorder, deformity. • malfunction
• a group of muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue to form a bundle
2. Smooth muscle = involuntary nonstriated muslce
• No striation presented in the muscle + not controlled by willpower
• dermatitis • dermatomyositis my/o:muscle
dys- bad; painful; difficult
• dystrophy
• dysuria • dyspepsia
-trophy: nutrition or development
-uria: urination -pepsia: digestion
-ectomy surgical excision or removal of
• thymectomy • gastrectomy • arterectomy thym/o: thymus gland gastr/o: stomach
-emia blood condition
• • leukemia anemia leuk/o a-, an-: not, without
1. Skeletal muscles = voluntary striated muscle
• Function: hold, give, make • distribution: make up • morphology: vary
1. Skeletal muscles
• How skeletal muscles work? In pairs
• pelvimeter • pelvioscopy • pelvifixation -meter: device for measuring -scopy: examination
ten/o = tendon
• tendinous • tendinitis
thym/o = thymus
• thymoma • thymectomy
• A voluntry muscle consists of belly and tendon
• how to produce movement? • Advantages of a tendon
1. Skeletal muscle = voluntary striated muscle
• Striated (cross striation) + under control of willpower • legs, arms, abdomen, chest, neck and face
Muscular system
Section A Medical Terminolgy
arteri/o artery
• arterial • arteritis
bi- two
• biceps
cortic/o cortex
• corticospinal • cortical
dermat/o, derm/o skin
• have striation + not under the wilful control of willpower • heart
• are branched and arranged in a netlike array
-trophy nourishment, development
• •
•
atrophy dystrophy
trophic
Section B Muscles Beginning
• What is muscle?
Tough, elastc tissue
• What does muscle do? Makes body parts move - people use muscle to make various movement performing activities necessary for growth and maintaining a strong and health body e.g. Digestion: chew, move,
hyper above, excessive
• • • hypertension (HTN) or high blood pressure hypertrophy hyperplasia -trophy -plasia: growth or formation
hypo- defiecient; below; under
circulation: force
respiration: make...possible
Type of muscles - types + function
• Skeletal muscles
600 major muscles:
• smooth muscles
• cardiac muscles
• wall of blood vessels and ailmentary canal • a sheath of muscle fibers surrounding a tube-like structure
3. cardiac muscle = involuntary striated muslce
flexor - bend and bring
extensor - o - biceps (in the front of) bends elbow, forearm + hand move toward
extensor - tricips (in the back of) straightens elbow, ..... • How do they feel like?