英语单项知识的讲解与练习(60)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习(123)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（123）611. envy 的用法envy 妒忌、羡慕。
例句：①They envy him his good fortune.他们羡慕他的好运气。
②I envy her ability to dance in front of a crowd.她在众人面前所展现的的舞技令我羡慕不已。
③He was filled with envy at my success.他对我的成功满怀羡慕。
④His new house was the envy of all his friends.他的新居成了所有朋友羡慕的对象。
短语：envy you your success/ envy your success/ envy you for your success/ envy you on account of your success 羡慕(妒忌)你的成功；the envy of somebody 某人的羡慕或妒忌；A’s envy of B，A 对B 的羡慕或妒忌；feel envy at 对……感到羡慕或妒忌；out of envy出于妒忌；hide her envy of me隐藏对我的妒忌；green with envy十分妒忌；be envious of羡慕……、妒忌……；envy sb. doing/for sth. 忌妒或羡慕某人做某事; with envy 羡慕地；忌妒地; be the envy of 是令人羡慕/忌妒的事物; envy at sb's success 羡慕某人的成功;in〔with〕envy 嫉妒；用法：①envy与the连用，表示羡慕、妒忌令人羡慕的人或物。
②envy和否定词连用时,常表示一种温和的惋惜、同情,也常表示庆幸自己未曾遭遇到对方那样的麻烦或不幸。
③envy作及物动词时,意思是“忌妒,羡慕”,后可接简单宾语、双宾语,也可以在宾语后接for加动名词等结构,但不能接从句。
英语单项知识的讲解与练习(112)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（112）556. deliver的用法delivervt.接生(小孩)；递送；发表(演说等)例句：①The mailman delivers letters and parcels every morning.邮差每天早晨递送信件和包裹。
②He delivered a long prose.他发表了一篇冗长乏味的演讲。
③We deliver the goods in batches.我们分批交付货物。
④Education delivered him from ignorance.教育把他从无知中解救出来。
⑤She delivered twins in the evening.晚上她生了一对双胞胎。
短语：deliver a baby 接生小孩；生小孩; deliver sth. to...把某物送到…; express delivery 快递; on delivery送达时；货到时; deliver on one's pledge (or promise)履行诺言；deliver oneself of an opinion发表意见；deliver a blow at one's enemy给予敌人一个打击；deliver as 作为…播送；deliver sb from danger 救某人出险；deliver sb from pains 解除某人的痛苦；deliver sb into the hand of the police 把某人引渡给警察；deliver sb of fear 消除某人的恐惧；deliver on 履行,实行；deliver over to the police 把(某人)交给警察；deliver oneself to 向…投案自首；deliver to sb's house 送到家；用法：①deliver可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。
英语单项知识的讲解与练习(98)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（98）486. compete的用法compete比赛、竞赛。
例句：①Companies must be able to compete in the marketplace.公司一定要在市场中有竞争力。
②Several companies are competing for the contract.几家公司正为争取一项合同而互相竞争。
③We can compete with the best teams.我们能与最好的队竞争。
短语：compete for为了……竞争；compete in race 赛跑；compete with/ against somebody for something与某人竞争以得到某物；compete in (a game, a match) 参加；在……方面竞争; be in competition with sb.和某人竞争; compete as 作为…称职；compete at 在…方面胜任；compete for championship 争夺冠军；compete for sb's work 工作称职；compete in a contest 参加比赛；compete in one's field 胜任自己的专业；compete to the task 能胜任…工作；compete with 同…竞争；用法：①compete的基本意思是“力图取胜”,指在比赛、辩论等有竞争活动中为征服或取胜而进行的努力,常暗示有奖赏刺激物。
②compete是不及物动词,接against表示“与…对抗”,接for表示“夺取…”,接with表示“对…抗争”。
比较：compete 表示“为了争得名次、奖金，合同等”，并不含有将对手征服的意思。
contest 所表示的竞赛可以是友谊赛，也可以是有敌意的竞赛，旨在比试技能、能力、力气、耐力等，此外还可以表示赢得选举。
英语单项知识的讲解与练习(122)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（122）606. energy的用法energy能力、能量。
例句：①Young people usually have more energy than the old.青年人通常比老年人精力充沛。
②Don't waste your time and energy on trifles.别把你的时间和精力浪费在琐事上。
③Auckland is a city full of energy.奥克兰是个充满活力的城市。
④The industry felt the effects of the energy crisis.该工业受到能源危机的影响。
⑤He gave a lecture on the use of solar energy.他就太阳能的利用作了一场讲演。
短语：apply/ devote one’s energies to a task致力于工作；full of energy 充满精力；have much energy 精力充沛；all one’s energies to a job一个人的全部工作能力；a burst of energy 一股劲；quantity of energy 能量；sources of energy 能源；devote one's energy to 致力于；direct one's energy to 致力于；have much energy 精力充沛；pour energy into 把精力倾注于；work with energy 努力工作；用法：①energy的基本意思是“活力”“干劲”“能力”,多用作不可数名词,在指人的“精力”时多用复数形式。
引申可表示“能”“能量”“能源”。
②energy作“能力”解时,其后面可用动词不定式作定语,但不可用v-ing形式。
比较：energy 能、能量，是物理学名词，用于人时，指生理上的精力，用来做某事或完成某事的能力，以及自然界的能量。
英语单项知识的讲解与练习(82)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（82）406. contaminate的用法contaminate弄脏、污染、毒害；例句：①Contaminate your bed, and you will one night suffocate in your own waste.如果你弄脏了自己的环境，总有一天会窒息在你所丢弃的垃圾之中。
②They are contaminating the minds of our young people with these subversive ideas.他们这些颠覆性的思想是对我们年轻人的精神污染。
③All over the world, oil spillsregularly contaminate coasts.在世界各地，油溢出物经常污染着海岸。
短语：a contaminated zone污染地带；be contaminated by被沾染；contaminate food污染食物；contaminate the mind对精神的污染；用法：①contaminate的基本意思是“把…弄脏”,可指化学污染,也可指普通的弄脏,引申可指对人的思想进行“毒害”。
后接名词或代词作宾语。
②contaminate常用于被动结构be contaminated with/ by，表示“被……所污染”。
如：The water in this part of the river is contaminated by sewage（下水道）.练习：①Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from ______ on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.A. configurationB. constitution，constituentC. condemnation,condemnD. contamination,contaminate②Movie directors use music to _______ the action on the screen.A.contaminateplimentC.contemplateplement③These books _____ the minds of our young people.A.are contaminatedB.are contaminatingC.contaminatesD.contaminated④_____ any fish _____ in the Arctic Ocean?A.Are...contaminatedB.Has...been contaminatedC.Have...been contaminatedD.Is...contaminated407. contradictory的用法contradictory (adj)反驳的、反对的；例句：①I was bewildered by the contradictory statements.我被互相矛盾的陈述搞得莫衷一是。
Unit3Myfriends(讲义)译林版英语三年级上册
3A Unit3 知识点&同步练习一、单词词组1.my 我的2. friend 朋友3. she 她4. he 他5.too 也6. this 这个7. is 是8. sister 姐姐，妹妹9.my friends 我的朋友们10. see you next time 下次再见二、句子She is my friend. 她是我的朋友。
He is my friend too. 他也是我的朋友。
三、知识点讲解1.介绍别人：句型结构：She’s + 其他。
（“她是...”介绍女性）例：She’s my friend/ sister.He’s + 其他。
（“他是...”介绍男性）例：He’s my brother.This is + 其他。
（“这是...”）例：This is Mike. He is my friend.注意：she’s = she is he’s = he is2.带有be动词的肯定句变一般疑问句的方法：①将be 动词提前②改大小写③句末加问号例：肯定句：She is Su Hai. 疑问句：Is she Su Hai?肯定句：He is Mike. 疑问句：Is he Mike?肯定句：This is Liu Tao. 疑问句：Is this Liu Tao?口诀：一提二改三问号3.He is my friend too.too 在这里翻译为“也”，一般放在句末，可以用逗号将too与前面的内容隔开，也可以不用。
例子：She is a student too. 她也是一个学生。
4.名词+s 表示复数形式单数＝1 复数＞1例：one egg two eggs5.形容词性物主代词同步练习一、根据汉语写出英文1.她是2.也3.姐姐；妹妹4. 我的5. 他是6. 朋友二、单项选择（）1. Goodbye..A.HelloB. HiC. Goodbye（）2. Yang Ling?A.She isB. Is sheC. I am（）3. is my sister.A.’s（）4. my friend.A.HeB. This isC. This（）5. Liu Tao is my friend.He is my friend .三、根据所给情景，选出正确答案（）1. 当你向别人介绍他是你的朋友时，可以说：A.He’s my friend.B. She‘s my friend.（）2. 当你想向别人介绍你的妹妹时，你可以说：A.This is my friend.B. This is my sister.（）3. 当你向别人介绍远处的那个人是你的姐姐时，你可以说：A.This is my sister.B. That is my sister.（）4. 当你向别人介绍“她是杨玲”时，你可以说：A.He is Yang Ling.B. She is Yang Ling.（）5. “下次见”的正确的英文表达是：A.See you next time.B. Goodbye.四、在第二栏中找出第一栏的答句ⅠⅡ（）1. Who is he?（）2. She is my friend, Nancy.（）3. Are you Mike?（）4. Goodbye, Miss Li.（）5. See you next time.A.Yes, I am.B.Hello, Nancy.C.He is Liu Tao.D.See you next time.E.Goodbye, Yang Ling.五、连词成句，注意大小写及标点符号。
初中英语语法复习(单项填空)
初中英语语法复习单项填空考点集汇、讲解和训练【考点扫描】单项选择题一向是各省市中考的必考题型。
它的特点是考点多，覆盖面广,题量大。
其主要考查点是：1。
考查基本语法；2。
考查同义词、近义词的辨析；3. 考查各种词汇的惯用法和固定搭配；4. 考查掌握和运用日常交际用语的能力。
【名师解难】由于单项选择题所考查的范围较广，所以要想做好此类题一要具备扎实的英语基础知识，二要紧扣语境,抓住关键词。
具体应注意以下几点:1. 复习时要弄清初中阶段所出现的几种主要时态和语态的用法、结构、与之连用的状语及各自的特殊用法.重点要分清现在完成时、一般过去时的用法。
对宾语从句、状语从句、动词不定式、比较等级以及它们的用法规则都要一一弄清楚.还要注意固定搭配、习惯用语、动词的时态和语态、动词辨析以及不同词性的词的用法。
2. 在解题方面要突出语境，在语境中选语句和词汇，防止汉语思维的干扰.英语中一些关键词的含义往往是由它所处的语义环境（即上下文）决定的，答题时如忽视了语境,就很容易答错题。
3. 在解题时要注意句型结构和语序。
要掌握初中阶段所出现的句型结构，注意宾语从句、感叹句的语序。
4。
掌握习语和日常交际用语。
应掌握大纲词汇、习惯用语。
由于文化背景和风俗习惯的不同,对于一些日常交际用语应记牢。
从近几年来全国各地的中考试卷分析可以看出，单项选择题的考点主要分布在：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、连词、介词、情态动词；时态、语态;词义辨析、语序、各种不同的从句及交际用语上。
在做单项选择题时，同学们除应具有较扎实的语言基础知识和善于思考外，掌握一些解题方法是很有必要的。
由于单项选择覆盖面广,其解题思路也多种多样。
下面我们举例谈谈一些常用的解题方法。
1. 直接法：即直接利用相关语法知识,通过题干中的已供信息，捕捉到解题线索，从而得出正确答案的解题方法，例如：-—— Will you come to the net bars（网吧）with me?--- Sorry. My mother always tells me ___________there.A. not go B。
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（92）
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（92）英语单项知识的讲解与练习（92）456. carve的⽤法carve刻、雕刻。
例句：①The statue was carved out of marble.这座雕像是⽤⼤理⽯雕刻的。
②He carved me some very nice pieces of chicken.他为我切了⼏块很好的鸡⾁。
③It's your turn to carve the meat.该你来把⾁切开了。
④He carved me a piece from a chicken. 他给我切⼀块鸡⾁。
短语：carve out one’s/ a way 开辟道路；carve up⽠分、划分；carve one’s name on a pen把名字刻在钢笔上；carve for oneself ⾃由⾏动；carve sth from ivory ⽤象⽛雕成某物；carve in gold 英名永垂；carve sth in marble〔metal, stone, wood〕⽤⼤理⽯〔⾦属,⽯头,⽊头〕雕成某物；carve into equal districts 划分成⼤⼩相同的⾏政区；carve sth out of a potato 把马铃薯雕成某物；⽤法：①carve有两个意思,⼀是“切,切碎”,如切⾁、切菜等,引申可指“⽠分”。
⼆是“雕刻”,即使⽤⼑、凿等⼯具细⼼熟练地、有⽬的地雕刻出图案、画像或⽂字。
②carve可⽤作不及物动词,也可⽤作及物动词。
⽤作及物动词时,可接简单宾语(可以是雕刻⽤的⽊、⽯; 也可以是⽤雕刻的对象如花朵等),也可接双宾语,其间接宾语可以转换为介词for的宾语。
练习：①The ___ pot showed that the ___ of human kind in China is very high in ancient ___.A. carve; civilize; timesB. carved; civilization; timesC. carved; civilized; timesD. carved; civilization; time②The worker carved a big Chinese character ___ a piece of stone.A. inB. toC. onD. into③The mother took a cake out of the bag and her children ___ immediately.A. carved out itB. carved it outC. carved up itD. carved it up④The soldiers had much difficulty ___ their way and marched on.A. to carveB. in carvingC. carving457. case的⽤法case箱⼦、盒⼦、情况、状况。
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英语单项知识的讲解与练习（60）296、catch sight of（1）、sight风景、被见之物、供参观、游览的地方，可指任何看到的场面，也可指某一地区的风景、名胜，常用复数。
如：see the sights of the city 观看城市风光；（2）、at the sight of 结构可和on doing something/ as soon as 作句型转换，类似的短语有：at the thought of 一想起；at the sound of 一听到；如：At the sight of / On seeing/ As soon as he saw his old friend, he hurried to him.（3）、catch sight of 看到、发现；in sight 看得见、在视野内；lose one’s sight 丧失视力；lose sight of/ out of sight 看不见；at the first sight 初见；at the sight of 见到……时；（4）、lose sight of 看不见，后接人或事物名词，有主动的意义，反义词是：catch/ get sight of，引申为“得不到……的音讯、忽略、忘记”。
如：The place was so crowded, we soon lost sight of him.（5）、out of sight 看不见，表示被动意义，反义词是：in/ within sight。
如：The train was soon out of sight.练习：①The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common ___ in many parts of the city.A. lookB. signC. sightD. appearance②___ of his mother, the baby stopped ___.A. at sight; cryingB. At the sight; to cryC. At a sight; to cryD. At the sight; crying③They watched the train until it ___.A. was out of sightB. lost sightC. was disappearedD. was lost sight④If you stand here, you’ll get a better ___ of the river.A. sightB. viewC. sceneD. Scenery⑤For miles around me there was nothing but a desert, without a single plant or tree _____ .A. in sightB. on earthC. at a distanceD. in place297、be similar to（1）、similar 类似的、想象的、不是同一的，similar 前要用a，后要用to。
如：on a similar plan 以类似的方法；（2）、same 同一的、相同的、同样的，same 前要用the，后要用as。
如：on the same plan以同一的方法；练习：①Our country is ___ yours in that they both have several time zones.A. same asB. similar toC. alike asD. familiar to②Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise. ___, our minds are developed by learning.A. ProbablyB. LikelyC. SimilarlyD. Generally③Boys wear fashionable clothes to attract girls; in a(n) ___ way, some birds have bright feathers.A. commonB. ordinaryC. sameD. similar④After that, I avoided his presence, as I felt he was becomin g too ___ me.A. popular withB. similar toC. known toD. familiar with298、since的用法（1）、It’ll be + 时间+ before 从句，指一段时间后才会发生某事，可用于各种时态中。
如：It’ll be five months before we meet each other again.（2）、在It is … since 句型中，since 从句的谓语应该用过去时态，若该谓语动词为延续性或状态动词，则汉语一般译成否定意义。
如：It is 8 months since he was a worker 他不当工人已有八个月了。
（3）、since从句后不能用否定式。
如：It is 2 weeks since you didn’t come to see me（是错句）；（4）、习惯上不说：若干时间+ since。
如：I’ve lived here 5 years since my return (改为：since my return 5 years ago)；（5）、在强调句型中，只强调because 引导的状语从句，而不可强调由since, as, for 引导的从句。
（6）、since 作介词时，后跟名词、动名词等；作连词时，后跟从句；since指继续着的事情的时间起点，后跟过去的某一个具体时间，句子的谓语用完成时。
练习：①How long has this bookshop been in business? ___ 1982.A. AfterB. InC. FromD. Since②They asked me to have a drink with them, I said that it was at least ten years since I ___ a good drink.A. had enjoyedB. was enjoyingC. hadD. had been enjoying③The book was written in 1946, ___ the education system has witnessed great changes.A. whenB. during whichC. since thenD. since when④Scientists say it may be five or six years ___ it is possible to test this medicine on patients.A. sinceB. afterC. beforeD. when299、struggle to do something（1）、struggle for a living 为生计而奋斗；struggle to do something 努力做某事；struggle against/ with = fight against/ with/ be against 和……斗争、搏斗、反对；struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来；with a struggle 费了好大的劲；struggle to do sth. (=make great efforts to do sth.)努力做某事；（2）、struggle指较长时间的、激烈的斗争，往往指肉体及精神上的战斗。
（3）、fight意为“搏斗，打斗，打架”，表示“斗争”时，包含体力和勇猛的因素。
练习：①___ in the river, the ___ girl cried for help at the top of her voice.A. struggled; drownedB. Struggling; drowningC. Having struggled; drowningD. Struggling; having drowned②The thief ___ a s truggle to escape but failed.A. didB. madeC. hadD. took③I heard that he has risen to vice president in his new company. Yeah, but you can never imagine how he has ___ his way into success.A. foundB. madeC. lostD. struggled④The l ion made a sudden angry noise and tried to struggle ___ its feet. But it failed, falling over and lying still.A. toB. onC. withD. from⑤The working people have never stopped their struggle _____ unfair treatment.A. againstB. forC. fromD. to300、be surrounded with/ by（1）、a house surrounded with trees 树木环绕的房子；live in pleasant surroundings生活在舒适的环境中；be surrounded with/ by被……环绕、包围；surround ...with ... 使……包围（2）、surroundings环境，总是用复数，相应的动词也用复数，但为了强调整体概念而用了表示单数的指示代词也不算错。
（3）、surroundings意为“环境”时，要用复数形式，主要指周围的物质环境。
（4）、condition的复数形式conditions可表示“环境，情况”，但主要表示抽象意义上的。
（5）、environment意为“环境”时，既可表示抽象概念也可表示具体意义，包括周围环境、外界、自然环境、社会环境等。
练习：①She has always been ___ with many fashionable friends.A. surroundedB. calledC. organizedD. gathered②___ by a group of children, the old man went on with the story.A. SurroundedB. SurroundingC. To be surroundedD. Being surrounded③We don't see animals in their natural ___ at a zoo.A. surroundingB. surroundingsC. environmentsD. circumstance④A lot of the children at the school do not live in the town, but come from the ___ countryside.A. surroundedB. surroundingC. surroundingsD. surround⑤_____ by the police, the thief had no choice but to surrender（投降）.A. SurroundedB. Having surroundedC. To be surroundedD. SurroundingKeys:296、CDABA297、BCDD298、DCDC299、BBDAA300、AABBA。