计算机专业英语第3次作业
计算机专业英语Unit 3
Unit 3Text 11.Match each of the words or phrases with their Chinese meaning.disk 磁盘modem 调制解调器driver 驱动器printer 打印机display 显示器mouse 鼠标keyboard 键盘computer 计算机2.Fill a correct word learned in this text in each of the blanks.(1)The display of the computer is also called______.Screen(2)The function of a ____ is to print the information or data on a piece of paper.printer(3)The keyboard is one of the _____devices.input(4) A modem plays an important role when you want to use the ______.internet3. Translation.(1)我是一个操作员。
I am a computer programmer.(2)什么是电子计算机？What is a electronic computer?(3)我有一个键盘。
I have a keyboard(4)It costs me 4000 Yuan to buy a computer.买一台电脑需要花费我4000元人民币。
(5)I am now finding a file that was deleted by mistake.我正在找一个不小心被我误删的文件。
(6)There was some problems with my mouse. Maybe it’s not clean.我的鼠标器有点问题，也许是它不干净了。
计算机专业英语全部答案(第三版)
计算机专业英语全部答案(第三版)Unit1EX11 F2 T3 T4 F5 T6 F7 T 8 T 9 T 10FEX2Input hardware, storage hardware, processing hardware, output hardware power, speed, memorycentral processing unitinternal, primary, memorykeyboard, central processing unit, main memory, monitorEX3 PARTA1 F2 D3 G4 C5 B6 A7 E 8 HEX3 PART B1 F2 E3 G4 B5 A6 C7D 8 HEX41 input device2 screen3 manipulates4 instructions5 retrieve6 codes7 hardcopy8 functionEX51 T2 T3 F4 F5 T6 F7 T 8 TUNIT2EX11 T2 F3 T4 F5 T6 F7 T 8 FEX21 sizes, shapes, processing capabilities2 supercomputers, mainframe computers, minicomputers, microcomputers3 mainframe computer4 microcomputer, storage locations5 portables, laptop computers, desktop workstations6 semiconductor7 CPU, memory, storage, devices, processing, users8 microprocessor chipEX3 PARTA1 C2 A3 H4 I5 E6 F7 G 8 JEX3 PARTB1 capacity2 device3 laptop computer4 Portable computers5 Silicon6 semiconductor7 workstation8 Voltage, voltage9 RAM10ROMEX41 portable2 access3 main memory4 sophisticated programs5 processing capabilities6 instructions7 computation8 computer professionalEX51 T2 T3 F4 F5 F6 T7 F 8 T 9 T 10T11F 12T 13 T 14 TUNIT3EX11 T2 F3 T4 T5 T6 T7 F 8 F 9 T 10 F11T 12F 13F 14TEX21 microprocessor2 bus3 register 4control unit5 processor6 binary7 arithmetic, logic 8 milliseconds, microseconds9 instruction 10execution 11megahertz 12wordsize EX3 PARTA1 F2 A3 J4 C5 D6 E7 H 8 I 9 B 10GEX3 PARTB1 Storage 2chip3 buses4 ALU5 register 6control unit7 machine language 8 binary system 9 bits 10computer programEX41 configuration2 decodes3 data bus4 characters5 converts6 synchronize7 circuitry8 internal clockEX51 T2 F3 F4 T5 F6 F7 T 8 T 9 F 10 FUNIT4EX11 F2 T3 T4 F5 F6 T7 F 8 T 9 T 10 F11T 12T 13F 14F 15T 16F17T 18F 19T 20F21T 22FEX2memoryRAMdiskettes, diskschipsparityexpanded, extendedmonochromecacheROMupdatedEX3 PART A1 B2 E3 C4 J5 I6 H 7A 8 F 9 G 10DEX3 PART Bsecondary storagebufferaccesscodedisketteslotterminalsmotherboardbytescreenEX4desktopsoftwareanimationtransferredsophisticatedcompatiblecacheupgradeEX51 T2 F3 F4 T5 T6 T7 T8 F9 T 10 F11T 12F 13F 14T 15T 16F17F 18F 19F 20T21T 22TUnit 5Ex1:1 T2 T3 F4 T5 F6 F7 F 8 T 9 T 10 T11F 12T 13F 14F 15T 16T17F 18T 19F 20F21T 22T 23TEX2mail, courierhub, starlocal area networkpacketsEthernetkilobits per second, megabits per second, gigabits per second circuit switchingreassembledinternet protocol, transmission control protocol datagramsframesbinary, decimalEX3 part A1 C2 E3 B4 F5 A6 D7 H 8 GEX3 part Bhubzippeddecimalframebinary numberinternetpacketbandwidthEX4forwardedreassembledare encapsulatedcableburstysubmitare retransmittedprotocolEX5IP addressnotationdotted-decimalcomputer networkbackgroundsharedgeographicprivacyExercise to the Passage for ReadingEX6有意为维修技师使用所留被弃的、丢失的或损坏了的数据都进了数据桶。
新编计算机专业英语3选择填空解读
三、选择填空Operating system for micro, mini, and mainframe computers perform many services. These services can be classified either as“external”or“internal”.The operating system provides external services that help users start programs, manage stored data, and maintain security. You, as the computer user, control these external functions. Using a command-line, menu-driven, or GUI user interface , an operating system provides you with a way to select the programs you would like to use. The operating system also helps you find, rename, and delete documents and other data stored on disks or tapes. On many, but not all computer systems , the operating system helps you maintain security by checking your user ID(用户标识) and password , as well as protecting your data from unauthorized access and revisions(修改).The operating system provides internal services“behind the scenes”to ensure that the computer system functions efficiently . These internal services are not generally under your control , but instead are controlled by the operating system itself. The operating system controls input and output, allocates(分配) system resources, manages the storage space for programs and data, and detects equipment failure without any direction from you.A programming language provides the tools a programmer uses to create software and produce a lengthy list of instructions, called source code ,which defines the software environment in every detail-what it looks like ,how the user enters commands ,and how it manipulates data. A computer’s microprocessor understands only machine language. Therefore, instructions written in a(n)high-level language must be translated into machine language before a computer can use them.The process of translating instructions from a high-level language into machine language can be accomplished by two special types of programs: compilers and interpreters . A compiler translates all the instructions in a program as a single batch(一批) ,and the resulting machine language instructions, called object code(目标代码),are placed in a new file . Most of the program files on a distribution CD for commercial software are compiled so that they contain machine language instructions that are ready for the processor to execute.As an alternative to a compiler, an interpreter converts one instruction at a time while the program is running . An interpreter reads the first instruction, converts it into machine language, and then sends it to the microprocessor. After the instruction is executed , the interpreter converts the next instruction, and so on.Software development is concerned with creating computer programs that perform efficiently. In developing computer software, computer scientists and engineers study various areas and techniques of software design, such as the best types of programming languages and algorithms to use in specific programs, how to efficiently store and retrieve information, and the computational limits of certain software-computer combinations. Software designers must consider many factors when developing a program. Often, program performance in one area must be sacrificed for the sake of the general performance of the software. For instance, since computers have only a limited amount of memory, software designers must limit the number of features they include in a program so that it will not require more memory than the system it is designed for can supply.Software engineering is an area of software development in which computer scientists and engineers study methods and tools that facilitate the efficient development of correct, reliable, and robust computer programs. Software engineers develop software tools and collections of tools called programming environments to improve the development process. For example, tools can help to manage the many components of a large program that is being written by a team of programmers.A local area network(LAN) is a group of computers and other devices spread over a relatively limited area and connected by a communications link that enables any device to interact with any other on the network LANs commonly include microcomputers and shared (often expensive ) resources such as laser printers and large hard disks . Most (modern) LANs can support a wide variety of computers and other devices. Each device must use the proper physical and data-link protocols for the particular LAN, and all devices that want to communicate with each other on the LAN must use the same upper-level communications protocol .Although single LANs are geographically limited , separate LANs can be connected to form larger networks. Similar LANs are linked by bridges , which act as transfer points between networks；dissimilar LANs are linked by gateways(网关)，which both transfer data and convert it according to the protocols used by the receiving network.The devices on a LAN are known as nodes(节点)，and the nodes are connected by cabling(电缆) through which messages are transmitted . Nodes on a LAN can be wired together in any of basic layouts, known as bus , ring, and star.。
新编计算机专业英语3、选择填空
1 三、选 择 填 空Page 49 Unit 3 program interface system user storage classify unauthorized control document efficiently function detect internal security password input Operating Operating system system system for for for micro, micro, micro, mini, mini, mini, and and mainframe mainframe computers computers computers perform perform perform many many many services. services. services. These These services can be classified either as “external ”or “internal ”. The operating system provides external services that help users start programs, manage stored data, and maintain security. You, as the computer user, control these external functions. Using a command-line, menu-driven, or GUI user interface , an operating system provides you an operating system provides you with a way to select the programs you would like to use. The operating system also helps you find, rename, and delete documents and other data stored on disks or tapes. On many, but not all computer systems , the operating system helps you maintain security by checking your user ID (用户标识) ) and and password , , as as as well well well as as as protecting protecting protecting your your your data data data from from unauthorized access access and and revisions (修改). The The operating operating operating system system system provides provides internal services “behind behind the the the scenes scenes ”to to ensure ensure ensure that that that the the computer computer system system system functions functions efficiently . . These These These internal internal internal services services services are are are not not not generally generally generally under under under your your control , , but but but instead instead instead are are are controlled controlled controlled by by by the the the operating operating operating system system system itself. itself. itself. The The The operating operating operating system system system controls controls input and and output, output, allocates (分配) ) system system system resources, resources, resources, manages manages manages the the storage space space for for for programs programs and data, and detects equipment failure without any direction from you. Page 70 Unit 4 convert high-level execute processor interpreter send understand command accomplish code resulting run compile create process file A A programming programming programming language language language provides provides provides the the the tools tools tools a a a programmer programmer programmer uses uses uses to to create software software and and produce a lengthy list of instructions, called source code ,which defines the software environment in every detail-what it looks like ,how the user enters commands ,and how it manipulates data. A computer’computer’s microprocessor s microprocessor understands only machine language. Therefore, instructions written in a(n) high-level language must be translated into machine language before a computer can use them. The process of of translating translating translating instructions instructions instructions from from from a a a high-level high-level high-level language language language into into into machine machine machine language language can can be be accomplished by by two two two special special special types types types of of of programs: programs: programs: compilers compilers compilers and and interpreters . . A A compiler compiler translates translates translates all all all the the the instructions instructions instructions in in in a a a program program program as as as a a a single single batch (一批) ) ,and ,and ,and the the resulting machine language instructions, called object code (目标代码),are placed in a new file . Most of the the program program program files files files on on on a a a distribution distribution distribution CD CD CD for for for commercial commercial commercial software software software are are compiled so so that that that they they contain machine language instructions that are ready for the processor to execute. As an alternative to a compiler, an interpreter converts one instruction at a time while the program is running . An interpreter reads the first instruction, converts it into machine language, and . An interpreter reads the first instruction, converts it into machine language, and then sends it to the microprocessor. After the instruction is executed , the interpreter converts the next instruction, and so on. 2 Page 89 Unit 5 manage limit performance efficient memory develop technique system development programming store program engineer area factor environment Software development is concerned with creating computer programs that perform efficiently. In developing computer computer software, software, software, computer computer computer scientists scientists scientists and and and engineers engineers engineers study study study various various various areas areas areas and and techniques of software design, such as the best types of programming l anguages and algorithms to languages and algorithms to use in specific programs, how to efficiently store and retrieve information, and the computational limits of certain software-computer combinations. Software designers must consider many factors when developing a program. Often, program performance in one area m ust be sacrificed for the sake must be sacrificed for the sake of of the the the general general performance of of the the the software. software. software. For For For instance, instance, instance, since since since computers computers computers have have have only only only a a a limited limited amount of memory, software designers must limit the number of features they include in a software designers must limit the number of features they include in a program so that it will not require more memory than the systemi t is designed for can supply. it is designed for can supply. Software Software engineering engineering engineering is is is an an an area area area of of of software software development in in which which which computer computer computer scientists scientists scientists and and engineers study methods and tools that facilitate the efficient d evelopment of correct, reliable, and development of correct, reliable, and robust computer programs. Software engineers d evelop software tools and collections of tools called develop software tools and collections of tools called programming environments to to improve improve improve the the the development development development process. process. process. For For For example, example, example, tools tools tools can can can help help help to tomanage the many components of a large program that is being written by a team of programmers. Page 116 Unit 6 computer resource node dissimilar proper transmit limited protocol communicate enable bus connect disk network convert bridge A local area network(LAN) is a group of computers and other devices spread over a relativelylimited area and connected by a communications link that enables a ny device to interact with any any device to interact with any other other on on on the the network LANs LANs commonly commonly commonly include include include microcomputers microcomputers microcomputers and and and shared shared shared (often (often (often expensive expensive expensive ))resources such such as as as laser laser laser printers printers printers and and and large large large hard hard disks . . Most Most Most (modern) (modern) (modern) LANs LANs LANs can can can support support support a a a wide wide variety variety of of computers and and other other other devices. devices. devices. Each Each Each device device device must must must use use use the the proper physical physical and and and data-link data-link protocols for the particular LAN, and all devices that want to communicate w ith each other on the with each other on the LAN must use the same upper-level communications protocol .Although single LANs are geographically limited , separate LANs can be connected t o form larger networks. Similar LANs are to form larger networks. Similar LANs are linked by bridges , which act as transfer points between networks , which act as transfer points between networks ； dissimilar LANs are linked by gateways(网关)， which both transfer data and convert it according to the protocols used by the receiving network. The devices on a LAN are known as nodes(节点)，and the nodes a re connected by cabling(are connected by cabling(电缆) through which messages are transmitted . Nodes on a LAN can be wired together in any of basic . Nodes on a LAN can be wired together in any of basic layouts, known as bus, ring, and star. , ring, and star. 。
计算机专业英语参考答案Unit (3)[3页]
![计算机专业英语参考答案Unit (3)[3页]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/4b74ea9ba45177232e60a257.png)
Unit Three office softwareSection One Warming Up1. word2. excel3. power point4. outlookSection Two Real WorldFind InformationTaskⅠ:1.She works in the Technical support department.2.He doesn’t know how to add pictures to a document.3.He uses MS Word 2007.4.The insert pictures dialog box will appear.5.Yes, he does.Task II: 1.F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. TWords BuildingTask Ⅰ: 1.D 2. A 3.B 4.B 5. CTask Ⅱ: 1. creation 2.operation 3.selection 4.illustration 5.appearance Task Ⅲ: 1.D 2. B 3.F 4. H 5. E 6. I 7. G 8. J 9. A 10. CCheer up Your EarsTask Ⅰ:1.department 2.document 3.operate 4.place 5.icon6.screenshot7.see8.button9.location 10.callingTask Ⅱ: 1.wrong 2. laptop 3. check 4. software system 5. outsiderTask Ⅲ: 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. CTable TalkTask Ⅰ:1.the common office software2.All companies will install this software.3.Like communication tools4.Online shopping is very popular5.be savedSection Three Brighten Your Eyes办公软件简介办公软件的发展用来解决企业用户在沟通，计算，演示，和信息存储中所遇见的基本问题，是用于商务办公中的常见软件。
《Unit 3 Information at Work Reading and Writing》作业
《Information at Work Reading and Writing》作业设计方案（第一课时）一、作业目标本次作业旨在帮助学生巩固和运用《Information at Work Reading and Writing》课程中所学的知识和技能，包括工作信息的阅读、理解和写作。
通过完成作业，学生将能够：1. 识别和获取工作相关信息；2. 准确理解和表达工作信息；3. 撰写符合工作要求的书面信息。
二、作业内容作业分为以下三个部分：1. 阅读理解：学生需阅读一篇关于工作场所的信息，并回答相关问题。
问题将涉及文章的主题、细节和作者的意图。
2. 写作练习：学生需根据所给模板撰写一份工作信息，内容包括个人基本信息、工作职责和技能要求等。
3. 小组讨论：学生需与同学进行小组讨论，分享各自的工作经验和信息处理技巧，并针对如何提高工作信息阅读和写作能力提出建议。
三、作业要求1. 独立完成作业，不得抄袭；2. 确保答案准确、完整，回答问题不得遗漏；3. 写作练习中，模板应严格按照要求填写，不得随意修改；4. 小组讨论时，需积极参与，尊重他人意见，共同解决问题。
四、作业评价1. 教师将对作业进行批改，并给出评价意见；2. 评价将包括对答案的准确性、写作内容的完整性以及小组讨论中的表现进行评价；3. 优秀作业将予以展示和表扬，以激励学生的学习积极性。
五、作业反馈部分学生将在课后收到教师对作业的评价和反馈，包括优点和需要改进的地方。
学生应认真对待评价和反馈，并在下次作业中加以改进。
同时，学生也可在课后与教师交流，就作业中遇到的问题和困惑进行沟通，以获得更好的帮助和支持。
通过本次作业，学生将进一步巩固和运用所学知识，提高工作信息的阅读和写作能力，为未来的职业发展打下坚实的基础。
同时，通过小组讨论和教师评价反馈环节，学生也将更好地了解自己的学习状况和不足，从而更好地规划自己的学习路径和提高学习效果。
作业设计方案（第二课时）一、作业目标：1. 学生能够根据具体工作场景，选择合适的信息表达方式；2. 学生能够阅读并理解相关的职场信息，并能正确书写出相应的工作报告；3. 通过作业，提高学生的英语应用能力和职场沟通能力。
计算机专业英语(第2版) (3)
Chapter ⅢSection ⅠKey Wordsintelligence [♓⏹♦♏●♓♎✞☜⏹♦] n. 智力，智能coordinate [ ☜◆♎♓⏹♓♦] vt. 调整，调节retrieve [❒♓♦❒♓] n. 找回；v. 重新得到，取得clock [ ●] n. 时钟instruction control unit 指令控制单元arithmetic and logic unit 算术逻辑单元register [ ❒♏♎✞♓♦♦☜] n. 寄存器clock speed 时钟速度megahertz [ ❍♏♈☜♒☜♦♦] n. 兆赫clock cycle 时钟周期nanosecond [ ⏹✌⏹☜◆♦♏☜⏹♎] n. 纳秒interpret [♓⏹♦☜☐❒♓♦] v. 解释，说明execute [ ♏♦♓◆♦] vt. 执行，完成计算机专业英语（第2版）40 subtract [♦☜♌♦❒✌♦] v. 减multiply [ ❍✈●♦♓☐●♓] v. 乘divide [♎♓♋♓♎] v. 除initiate [♓⏹♓☞♓♏♓♦] vt. 开始instruction set 指令集quartz crystal 石英晶体Syntax1. A processor can do nothing without a program to provide control; whatever intelligence acomputer has is derived from software, not hardware.【分析】whatever此句为被动语态；along with后跟名词或动名词，表示“连同……一起”。
【句意】如果没有程序进行控制，处理器什么都做不了。
无论计算机具有什么智能化功能都是由软件而非硬件提供的。
2. It determines which operations should be carried out and in what order.【分析】该句是由which引导的一个宾语从句，carry out意为“完成，执行，实现”。
计算机专业英语3
Unit 3 Computer Language andProgrammingSection AProgrammingLanguageI. IntroductionProgramming languages, in computer science, are the artificial languages used to write a sequence of instructions (a computer program) that can be run by a computer. Similar to natural languages, such as English, programming languages have a vocabulary, grammar, and syntax. However, natural languages are not suited for programming computers because they are ambiguous, meaning that their vocabulary and grammatical structure may be interpreted in multiple ways. The languages used to program computers must have simple logical structures, and the rules for their grammar, spelling, and punctuation must be precise.Programming languages vary greatly in their sophistication and in their degree of versatility. Some programming languages are written to address（处理）a particular kind of computing problem or for use on a particular model of computer system. For instance, programming languages such as FORTRAN1 and COBOL2 were written to solve certain general types of programming problems—FORTRAN for scientific applications, and COBOL for business applications. Although these languages were design to address specific categories of computer problems, they are highly portable(可移植), meaning that they may be used to program many types of computers. Other languages, such as machine languages, are designed to be used by one specific model of computer system, or even by one specific computer in certain research applications. The most commonly used programming languagesare highly portable and can be used to effectively solve diverse types of computing problems. Languages like C , PASCAL and BASIC fall into(属于) this category.II. Language TypesProgramming languages can be classified as either low-level languages or high-level languages. Low-level programming languages, or machine languages, are the most basic type of programming languages and can be understood directly by a computer. Machine languages differ depending on the manufacturer and model of computer. High-level languages are programming languages that must first be translated into a machine language before they can be understood and processed by a computer. Examples of high-level languages are C, C++6, PASCAL, and FORTRAN. Assembly languages are intermediatelanguages that are very close to machine languages and do not have the level of linguistic sophistication ex h ibited by other high-level languages, but must still be translated into machine language.1. Machine LanguagesIn machine languages, instructions are written as sequences of 1s and 0s, called bits, that a computer can understand directly. Aninstruction in machine language generally tells the computer four things: (1) where to find one or two numbers or simple pieces of data in the main computer memory (Random Access Memory, or RAM), (2) a simple operation to perform, such as adding the two numbers together, (3) where in the main memory to put the result of this simple operation, and (4) where to find the next instruction to perform. While all executable programs are eventually read by the computer in machine language,they are not all programmed in machine language. It is extremely difficult to program directly in machine language because the instructions are sequences of 1s and 0s. A typical instruction in a machine language might read 10010 1100 1011 and mean add the contents of storage register A to the contents of storage register B.2. High-Level LanguagesHigh-level languages are relatively sophisticated sets of statements utilizing words and syntax from human language. They are more similar to normal human languages than assembly or machine languages and are therefore easier to use for writing complicated programs. These programming languages allow larger and more complicated programs to be developed faster. However, high-level languages must be translated into machine language by another program called acompiler before a computer can understand them. For this reason, programs written in a high-level language may take longer to execute and use up(用完) more memory than programs writtenin an assembly language.3. Assembly LanguagesComputer programmers use assembly languages to make machine-language programs easier to write. In an assembly language, each statement corresponds roughly to one machine language instruction. An assembly language statement is composed with the aid of（借助于，帮助）easy to remember commands. The command to add the contents of storage register A to the contents of storage register B might be written ADD B, A in a typical assembly language statement. Assembly languages share certain features with machine languages. For instance, it is possible to manipulatespecific bits in both assembly and machine languages. Programmers use assembly languages when it is important to minimize the time it takes to run a program, because the translation from assembly language to machine language is relatively simple. Assembly languages are also used when some part of the computer has to be controlled directly, such as individual dots on a monitor or the flow of individual characters to a printer.III. Classification of High-Level LanguagesHigh-level languages are commonly classified as procedure-oriented, functional, object-oriented, or logic languages. The most common high-level languages today are procedure-oriented languages. In languages, one or more related blocks of statements that perform some complete function are grouped together into a program module, orprocedure, and given a name such as "procedure A." If the same sequence of operations is needed elsewhere in the program, a simple statement can be used to refer back to the procedure. In essence, a procedure is just a mini-program. A large program can be constructed by grouping together procedures that perform different tasks. Procedural languages allow programs to be shorter and easier for the computer to read, but they require the programmer to design each procedure to be general enough to be use in different situations.Functional languages treat procedures like mathematical function and allow them to be processed like any other data in a program. This allows a much higher and more rigorous level of program construction, Functional languages also allow variables—symbols for data that can be specified and changed by the user as theprogram is running—to be given values only once. This simplifies programming by reducing the need to be concerned with the exact order of statement execution, since a variable does not have to be redeclared, or restated, each time it is used in a program statement. Many of the ideas from functional languages have become key| parts of many modem procedural languages.Object-oriented languages are outgrowths of functional languages. In object-oriented languages, the code used to write the program and the data processed by the program are grouped together into units called objects, Objects are further grouped into classes, which define the attributes objects must have. A simple example of a class is the class Book. Objects within this class might be Novel and Short Story. Objects also have certain functions associated with them, calledmethods. The computer accesses an object through the use of one of the object's methods. The method performs some action to the data in the object and returns this value to the computer. Classes of objects can also be further grouped into hierarchies, in which objects of one class can inherit methods from another class. The structure provided in object-oriented languages makes them very useful for complicated programming tasks.Logic languages use logic as their mathematical base. A logic program consists of sets of facts and if-then rules, which specify how one set of facts may be deduced from（推断）others, for example: If the statement X is true, then the statement Y is false.In the execution of such a program, an input statement can be logically deduced from other statements in the program. Many artificial intelligence programs arewritten in such languages.IV. Language Structure and Components Programming languages use specific types of statements, or instructions, to provide functional structure to the program.A statement in a program is a basic sentence that expresses a simple idea—its purpose is to give the computer a basic instruction. Statements define the types of data allowed, how data are to be manipulated, and the ways that procedures and functions work. Programmers use statements to manipulate common components of programming languages, such as variables and macros(mini-programs within a program). Statements known as data declarations give names and properties to elements of a program called variables. Variables can be assigned different values within the program. The properties variables can have are called types, and they includesuch things as what possible values might be saved in the variables, how much numerical accuracy is to be used in the values, and how one variable may represent a collection of simpler values in an organized fashion, such as a table or array. In many programming languages, a key data type is a pointer. Variables that are pointers do not themselves have values; instead, they have information that the computer can use to locate some other variable—that is, they point to another variable.An expression is a piece of a statement that describes a series of computations to be performed on some of the program's variables, such as X+Y/Z, in which the variables are X, Y, and Z and the computations are addition and division. An assignment statement assigns a variable a value derived from(得自) some expression, while conditional statements specifyexpressions to be tested and then used to select which other statements should be executed next.Procedure and function statements define certain blocks of code as procedures or functions that can then be returned to later in the program. These statements also define the kinds of variables and parameters the programmer can choose and the type of value that the code will return when an expression accesses the procedure or function. Many programming languages also permit minitranslation programs called macros. Macros translate segments of code that have been written in a language structure defined by the programmer into statements that the programming language understands.V. HistoryProgramming languages date back almost to the invention of the digital computer in the 1940s. The first assemblylanguages emerged in the late 1950s with the introduction of commercial computers. The first procedural languages were developed in the late 1950s to early1960s;FORTRAN, created by John Backus, and then COBOL, created by Grace Hopper. The first functional language was LISP, written by John McCarthy in the late 1950s. Although heavily updated, all three languages are still widely used today.In the late 1960s, the firstobject-oriented languages, such as SIMULA, emerged. Logic languages became well known in the mid 1970s with the introduction of PROLOG , a language used to program artificial intelligence software. During the 1970s, procedural languages continued to develop with ALGOL, BASIC, PASCAL, C, and Ada. SMALLTALK was a highly influential object-oriented language that led to the merging of object-oriented and procedurallanguages in C++ and more recently in JAVA . Although pure logic languages have declined in popularity, variations have become vitally important in the form of relational languages for modem databases, such as SQL.。
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计算机专业英语第3次作业1.machine languages are the most basic type of programming languages and can be understood undirectly by a computer.错误2.High-level languages are programming languages that must first be translated into a machine language before they can be understood and processed by a computer.正确3. C, C++, PASCAL, and FORTRAN is__D___?A：Assembly languagesB：machine languagesC：Low-level programming languagesD：high-level languages4.In machine languages, instructions are written as sequences of __A__?A：1s and 0sB：0123456789._____is a means of connecting a number of computing elements together. BA：WANB：LANC：MAN6.The internet grew out of a computer network called__C__?A：LANB：WANC:ARPANET7./downloads/pryearbk.asp.The http indicates__C__?A：the hostnameB：filesC:PROTOCOLputer crime can take various forms, including____?A：DamageB：TheftC：Manipulation正确答案：ABC9.Security measure consist of______?A：encryptionB：restricting accessC：anticipating disastersD：making backup copies正确答案：ABCDputer viruses activate when the instructions---or executable code----that run programs are opened.答案：正确11.I have no doubt_____he will overcome all his difficultiesA：whichB：whatC：thatD：if正确答案：C12.写出下列术语的英文或中文意思。
1.disk drive参考答案：1.磁盘驱动器2.可擦写光驱2.CD-RW3.object code 3.目标代码4. 应用程序4.application program5. 万维网浏览器.Web browser13：[论述题]13.阅读下列短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
We are used to the idea of aging in ourselves. We are so used to this that it comes as a surprise to find that there may be some animals that do not age. Sea anemones(海葵) are an example. Some have been kept for nearly a century without showing any signs of lifelessness. Some kinds of sea worms can even "grow backwards." If kept in the dark and given nothing to eat, they get steadily smaller, They finally end as a ball of cells(细胞) looking rather like the egg from which they came. Under good conditions the ball will turn back to a worm and start growing again. One could probably keep them growing and un-growing again and again.1. Some sea worms grow smaller when they ______.A. lose weightB. live in the darknessC. are under good conditionsD. don't eat and are kept in the dark2. According to the passage, some sea animals ________.A. will die when they become a ball of cellsB. do not grow oldC. will die without foodD. will stop growing any time they want3. According to the passage, which of the following statements in NOT true?A. We can keep certain kind of sea worm growing and un-growing again and again.B. Human beings will grow old and die.C. An anemone is a king of sea worm that can grow backwards.D. Some anemones will live nearly a hundred years.4. The underlined word aging in the first sentence means ______.A. growing oldB. the age of a personC. getting youngerD. un -growing5. This passage is mainly about ______.A. sea animalsB. cellsC. agingD. anemonesThe word horsepower was first used two hundred years ago. James Watt had made the world's first widely used steam engine. He had no way of telling people exactly how powerful it was, for at that time there were no units for measuring power.Watt decided to find out how much work one strong horse could do in one minute. He called that unit one horsepower. With this unit he could measure the work his steam engine could do.He discovered that a horse could lift a 3300-pound weight 10 feet into the air in one minute. His engine could lift a 3300-pound weight 100 feet in one minute. Because his engine did ten times as much work as the horse, Watt called it a ten horsepower engine.6. The selection says that Watt made the first .A. engineB. steam engineC. widely used steam engineD. useful engine7. watt wanted to find a way to .A. measure the work his engine could doB. tell people how powerful his engine wasC.lift a 3300-pound weightD. both A & B8. One horsepower would equal the .A. work a horse could do in a minuteB. weight a horse could liftC. work a horse could do in ten minutesD. weight of one horse9. He made up a unit of measurement based on the strength of .A. a manB. ten horsesC. a horseD. his engine10. The best title for this selection is .A. Watt's EngineB. The Origin of the Term HorsepowerC. Units of MeasurementD. It Happened 200 Y ears Ago参考答案：1-5 DBDAC 6-10 CDACB14：[论述题]15.请将下列汉语句子翻译成英文，要求内容忠实原文，语句通顺，逻辑清楚，表达正确。
1.一种操作系统可能比其他操作系统更适合某些计算任务。
2.用于计算编程的语言必须具有简单的逻辑结构，而且它们的语法、拼写和标点符号的规则必须精确。
3.编程语言可划分为低级语言和高级语言。
4.在机器语言中，指令被写成计算机能够直接理解的被称之为比特的1和0的序列。