计算机专业英语作业

计算机专业英语作业：

1、请将视频“什么是电脑硬件”中所述内容用英文表示。

For most people, computers are becoming a part of real life, the film will help you konw how it works. Their interior looks very complicated, but if the decomposition of parts, you will see a simple side of computers , This is《computer hardware in Plaining English 》,you see them, they are coming all shapes and sizes,but its work in some ways. In fact, if you can see their internals of computers, You will find that they all have the basic parts,the haddwares,do large part of the works in the computers.to explan,let’s look at some things you know ,like a house.what a great thing in the house is you have full space to put all the iterms.in fact ,many houses have basements.The basement is a good place to store debris.Basement, the more you can store.The same principle applies to computers.We need not boxes and bicycles, but photos, music, documents and https://www.360docs.net/doc/2a1292043.html,plete this task in the computer hard drive rather than in the basement, a computer hard drive, holds all your files will be used later, like basements, like the larger hard drive, the more things you can store. Basement is not perfect, going to the basement to take the things you need to spend much time, maybe put a cupboard on the ground floor can help you solve this problem, you can quickly get the items you want, although the cabinet can not put too many items, at least you do not always go to the basement, in the computer too, The computer can not quickly access to the data stored in the hard disk, because the computer go a long way to gain access to the hard disk data. In the computer memory (RAM) is like a cupboard, RAM's full name is called [random access memory], which allows the computer to access data more quickly and, of course, it also means that the operation of RAM to make your computer faster , but this cupboard (RAM) has a drawback, the memory will be cleared of stored data When every time you restart, of course, to make the house a variety of household appliances can operate at the appropriate time, you must have an Explorer to help you manage these appliances, if the weather is too hot , you maybe need to open the air conditioner to adjust the temperature, when it is dark, you need to turn on the lights. Computers, too, must have a bit Explorer to ensure that all other parts are functioning properly, the Explorer is the processor (CPU), small size of the processor, like a computer exclusive (in charge), it will send and receive information and to assist the software to complete the work. The faster the processor, the faster execution speed of the computer would be, so, let us revisit. Hard drive, like a basement, it can store the information you need. Memory, like a cupboard, which can increase data access speed. Processor, like the Field Explorer, always able to complete the work that we deliver, but also to ensure the normal operation of the various parts. Next time, when you use the computer, think about plain English in the host computer's computer hardware what happened, the various parts of computer hardware complement each other, to help you do all the things I Common Craft's Lee LeFever, "Computer hardware of Plaining English "The film recorded by me, if you need a higher quality video, or need to use the authorization of the film, please contact me https://www.360docs.net/doc/2a1292043.html, website.

2、请将以下英文翻译为中文。

1）Plug and Play, sometimes, abbreviated PnP, is a catchy phrase used to describe devices that work with a computer system as soon as they are connected. The user does not have to manually install drivers for the device or even tell the computer that a new device has been added. Instead the computer automatically recognizes the device, loads new drivers for the hardware if needed, and begins to work with the newly connected device.

For example, if you connect a Plug-and-Play mouse to the USB port on your computer, it will begin to work within a few seconds of being plugged in. A non plug-and-play device would require you to go through several steps of installing drivers and setting up the device before it would work.

While Plug and Play usually refers to computer peripheral devices, such as keyboards and mice, it can also be used to describe internal hardware. For example, a video card or hard drive may be a Plug and Play device, meaning the computer will recognize it as soon as it is installed. The only difference is that internal components usually require the computer to be turned off when they are installed, while external devices can typically be installed while the computer is running.

即插即用，有时缩写为PnP的，是用来只要它们连接来形容，随着计算机系统正常工作的设备一个朗朗上口的短语。用户不必手工安装设备的驱动程序，甚至在哪里，一个新的设备被加到计算机。相反，电脑会自动识别该设备，如果需要加载的新的硬件驱动程序，并开始与新连接的设备工作。

例如，如果您有一个插件和播放鼠标连接到计算机上的USB端口，就开始被插入了非随插即用装置在几秒钟内工作，就需要你去通过数步骤安装驱动程序和设置设备之前，将工作的。

而即插即用通常指的是计算机外围设备，例如键盘和鼠标，它也可以被用来描述内部硬件。例如，视频卡或硬盘驱动器可能是一个即插即用设备，这意味着计算机将尽快安装识别它。唯一的区别是，内部部件通常需要在计算机被关闭，在安装时，在外部设备通常可以在计算机运行的同时进行安装。

2）What are some examples of computer peripheral devices?

Answer:

? A computer peripheral, or peripheral device, is an external object that provides input and output for the computer.

?Some common input devices include: keyboard, mouse, joystick, pen tablet, MIDI keyboard (musical instrument digital interface数码音响), scanner, digital camera, video camera, microphone.

?Some common output devices include: monitor, projector, TV screen, printer, plotter, speakers.

?There are also devices that function as both input and output devices, such as: external hard drives, media card readers, digital camcorders, digital mixers, MIDI equipment.

?While these are some of the more common peripherals, there are many other kinds as well. Just remember that any external device that provides input to the computer or receives output from the computer is considered a peripheral.

?2）什么是电脑周边设备的一些例子吗？

答：

ν计算机外围设备或外围设备，是提供输入和输出的计算机的外部对象。

ν一些常见的输入设备包括：键盘，鼠标，游戏杆，手写板，MIDI键盘（乐器数字接口数码

音响），扫描仪，数码相机，摄像机，麦克风。

ν一些常见的输出设备有：显示器，投影仪，电视屏幕，打印机，绘图仪，音箱。

ν也有充当输入和输出设备，如设备：外部硬盘驱动器，介质卡读卡器，数码摄录机，数字

调音台，MIDI设备。

ν虽然这些都是一些比较常见的外设，还有许多其他种类的为好。请记住，任何外部设备，

可提供输入到计算机或从计算机接收输出被认为是一个外设。

3）Binary is a two-digit (Base-2) numerical system, which computers use to store data and compute functions. The reason computers use the binary system is because digital switches inside the computer can only be set to either on or off, which are represented by a 1 or 0. Though the binary system consists of only ones and zeros, the two digits can be used to represent any number. 3）二进制是一个两位数（基数2）数字系统，该系统的计算机中用于存储数据和

计算功能。计算机使用二进制系统的原因是因为在计算机内部的数字交换机可以仅向打开或关闭设置，这是由一个1或0。虽然二进制系统只包含1和0的两个数字可用于表示表示任何数量。

4）There are many types of compact disks. One format is called CD-RWs. They can be recorded on and re-recorded on (rewritten on) as you would do with a floppy disk. Another format is the CD-ROM. The technology for recording on these disks is different form other CDs.

4）有多种类型光盘的。一格式被称为CD-RW的。它们可以记录和重新记录在（重写上），你会用软盘做。另一种格式是CD-ROM。该技术用于记录这些磁盘上的不同形式与其他的CD。

5）Stands for "Read-Only Memory." Please do not confuse this term with RAM or a hard drive, as many people already do. ROM is memory containing hardwired instructions that the computer uses when it boots up, before the system software loads. In PCs, the instructions are read from a small program in the ROM, called the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System).

5 ）表示“只读存储器”。请不要带RAM或硬盘混淆这个术语

开车，因为很多人已经这样做了。ROM是包含硬指令的内存，当它启动时，系统软件加载在电脑前使用。在个人计算机中，指令是由一个小程序在ROM读取，称为BIOS（基本输入/输出系统）。

6）disk drive

A machine that reads data from and writes data onto a disk. A disk drive rotates the disk very fast and has one or more heads that read and write data. There are different types of disk drives for different types of disks. For example, a hard disk drive (HDD) reads and writes hard disks, and a floppy drive (FDD) accesses floppy disks. A magnetic disk drive reads magnetic disks, and an optical drive reads optical disks. Disk drives can be either internal (housed within the computer) or external (housed in a separate box that connects to the computer). Disk drives can be either internal (housed within the computer) or external (housed in a separate box that connects to the computer).

6 ）磁盘驱动器

一台机器，从读取数据和写入数据到磁盘。磁盘驱动器旋转盘

非常快速并且具有读取和写入数据的一个或多个磁头。有不同类型的不同类型的磁盘的磁盘驱动器。

例如，硬盘驱动器（HDD ）的读取和写入硬盘，和一个软驱（FDD ）访问软盘。一种磁盘驱动器可以读取磁盘，和一个光盘驱动器读取光盘。磁盘驱动器可以是内置的（在计算机内）或外置的（连接到计算机上的外置盒）。磁盘驱动器可以是内置的（在计算机内）或外置的（连接到计算机上的外置盒）。

7）removable disk

type of disk drive in which hard disks are enclosed in plastic or metal cartridges so that they can be removed like floppy disks. Removable disk drives combine the best aspects of hard and floppy disks. They are nearly as capacious and fast as hard disks and have the portability of floppy disks. Their biggest drawback is that they're relatively expensive.

7）移动硬盘

磁盘驱动器，其中的硬盘都封装在塑料或金属盒类型，以便

它们可以像软盘被删除。可移动磁盘驱动器结合了硬盘和软盘的最佳方面。他们是几乎一样广阔和快速的硬盘和具有软盘的便携性。其最大的缺点是，他们是相对昂贵的。

8）serial port

A port, or interface, that can be used for serial communication, in which only 1 bit is transmitted at a time. A serial port is a general-purpose interface that can be used for almost any type of device, including modems, mice, and printers (although most printers are connected to a parallel port).

8）串行端口

一个端口或接口，可用于串行通信，其中只有1位是

在同一时间传送。串行端口是一个通用接口，可用于几乎任何类型的设备，包括调制解调器，鼠标和打印机（尽管大多数打印机都连接到并行端口）。

9）parallel port

A parallel interface for connecting an external device such as a printer. Most personal

computers have both a parallel port and at least one serial port.

9）并行端口

一种并行接口，用于连接外部设备，例如打印机。大多数个人电脑同时拥有一个并行端口和至少一个串口。

10）Pseudocode (derived from pseudo and code) is a compact and informal high-level description of a computer programming algorithm that uses the structural conventions of some programming language, but typically omits details that are not essential for the understanding of the algorithm, such as subroutines, variable declarations and system-specific code.

10）伪代码（由伪代码和派生）是一个紧凑和非正式高级别

使用某种编程语言的结构约定，但通常忽略了细节，是没有必要的算法的理解，如子程序，变量声明和系统特定代码的计算机编程算法的描述。

11）2.5 Using Function Keys

Your computer has 12 function keys, F1 through F12. The functions assigned to these keys differ for each application. You should refer to you software documentation to find out how these keys are used.

The [FN] key provides extended functions for the notebook and is always used in conjunction with another key.

Fn+F1 Sleep

This function will put the E1245 notebook into sleep mode. The LCD will switch off and devices will switch to lower power mode.

Fn+F2 Fan Control

This function will enable or disable the Silent Fan function . This will enable the user to put the fan into quiet mode if the user needs the notebook o be quieter.

Fn+F3 Mute V olume

This function will mute the volume control in Windows and all sound output from the speakers will stop. Pressing this combination again will enable sound output.

Fn+F4 LCD/Display-Out Switch

This function will switch the display configuration for the E1425 -It will cycle between 3 modes depending on operation system settings. These 3 Modes are:

LCD Only-Image on the E1425 LCD

Display Only-Image on external monitor

LCD+Display-Image on LCD and external monitor

11）2.5使用功能键

您的计算机有12个功能键，F1到F12。分配给这些键的功能各不相同的应用程序。你应该参考你的软件文档，以了解如何使用这些键。

在[Fn]键提供了扩展功能的笔记本电脑，一般用来与其它键一起使用。

Fn + F1进入睡眠

此功能将会把E1245笔记本电脑进入睡眠模式。液晶显示屏将关闭，设备将切换到低功耗模式。FN + F2风扇控制

此功能将启用或禁用静音风扇功能。这将使用户可以把风扇进入安静模式，如果用户需要笔记本?更安静。

Fn + F3键静音音量

此功能将静音音量控制在Windows中，并从扬声器输出的所有声音将停止。再次按下这个组合可以使声音输出。

Fn + F4键液晶/显示器出开关

此功能将切换为E1425，它将3种模式依赖于操作系统设置之间循环的显示配置。这3种模式分别是：

在E1425 LCD液晶只有图像

只显示图像外部监视器上

液晶+显示图像的LCD和外接显示器

12）课本P89 EX.5 把下列短文翻译成中文。

With five models to choose from,ranging from $80 to $500,Canon has a printer for almost anyone who prints photos.For the casual user ,there's the Canon i455 Desktop Photo printer and the i475D.For those who want better performance and a separate ink cartridge for each color,there's the midrange i560 and i860.And for the serious photographer,there's the Canon i9100 Phono Printer,which can print photos as large as 13 by 19 inches.

有五个型号可供选择，范围从$80到$500元，佳能有一种打印机几乎谁都能用来打印图片.对几乎任何一般用户，佳能i455桌面照片打印机和i475D.为那些想要更好的性能和独立的每种颜色的墨水墨盒，还有中端I560和i860.对于严格的摄影师，佳能i9100图片打印机，它可以打印13到19英寸大的照片。

13）What is Bluetooth Technology?

Bluetooth technology which apart from Ericsson, has gained the support of Nokia, IBM, Toshiba, Intel and many other manufacturers eliminates the need for wires, cables and connectors for and between cordless or mobile phones, modems, headsets, PDAs, Computers, printers, projectors, local area networks, and so on, and paves the way for new and completely different devices and applications.

13）什么是蓝牙技术？

最先是由爱立信，赢得了诺基亚，IBM，东芝，英特尔等众多厂商的支持蓝牙技术无需电线，电缆和连接器和无绳电话或手机之间，调制解调器，耳机，掌上电脑，计算机，打印机，投影仪，局域网络，等等，并铺平了道路，为新的和完全不同的设备和应用。

14）Pronounced see-dee-rom. Short for Compact Disc-Read-Only Memory, a type of optical disk capable of storing large amounts of data -- up to 1GB, although the most common size is 650MB (megabytes). A single CD-ROM has the storage capacity of 700 floppy disks, enough memory to store about 300,000 text pages.

14）发音SEE-DEE-ROM。短的光盘- 只读存储器，能够存储大量的数据的类型的光盘- 高达1GB，但最常见的大小是650MB（兆字节）。一张CD-ROM有700软盘，足够的内存来存储约30万文字页面的存储容量。

15）Also spelled analogue, describes a device or system that represents changing values as continuously variable physical quantities. A typical analog device is a clock in which the hands move continuously around the face. Such a clock is capable of indicating every possible time of day. In contrast, a digital clock is capable of representing only a finite number of times (every tenth of a second, for example). In general, humans experience the world analogically. Vision, for example, is an analog experience because we perceive infinitely smooth gradations of shapes and colors.

15）亦拼写类似物，描述了一种装置或系统，它表示变化的值作为连续变化的物理量。典型的模拟装置是一个时钟在手中不断走动的脸。这种时钟能够显示当天的每一个可能的时间。与此相反，一个数字时钟是能够表示时间只有有限数量（每十分之一秒，例如）的。一般来说，人类类推体验世界。愿景，例如，是一个模拟的经验，因为我们感知形状和颜色的无限光滑的层次。

3、请给出以下缩写的中英文全称。

1)PCI

外部控制器接口（Peripheral Component Interconnect）；可编程通信接口（Programmable Communications Interface ）；

程序控制中断（Program Controlled Interruption）

2)ISA

工业标准结构（Industry Standard Architecture美国仪器学会（Instrument Society of America）；网络安全与加速（Internet Security and Acceleration）

3)CD-ROM

只读光盘驱动器（Compact Disc Read - Only Memory）

4)BIOS

基本输入输出系统(Basic Input Output System)

5)CMOS

CMOS(complementary metal oxide semiconductor)：互补金属氧化物半导体

6)PDA

个人数字助理(Personal Digital Assistant)

7)EEPROM

电可擦只读存储器（Electrically Erasable Programmable Read - Only Memory）

8)FIFO

先进先出(First In First Out)

9)USB

通用串行总线(Universal Serial Bus)

10)CPU

中央处理器(Central Processing Unit)

4、将以下内容翻译成英文

1）中央处理器（CPU）是计算机系统的心脏。一台计算机相对于其它计算机的速度是快还是慢，除了别的因素外，CPU的配置起着决定的

作用。CPU是最复杂的计算机系统设备，它根据提供的指令负责指

挥协调计算机系统的全部活动。当老一代计算机被新的一代计算机代

替的时候，CPU的实际尺寸往往变得越来越小，而其速度和能力却

增加了许多。这种变化的结果就使得微机缩小得可以放在你的桌子上

或你的膝上。

A ) a central processor (CPU) is the heart of the computer system. A relative speed of the other computer is fast or slow the computer , in addition to other factors , CPU configuration plays a decisive role . CPU is the most complex computer system equipment, which is responsible for directing and coordinating the activities of all computer system according to the instructions provided . When the old generation is replaced by the computer machine , when the new generation , the actual size of the CPU tends to become smaller , and has increased its speed and capacity of many . The result of this change makes the computer narrow enough to be placed on your desk or your lap.

2）个人计算机软件建立于特定的操作系统和计算机。操作系统软件通过一系列措施定义了计算机的性能，包括如何控制程序执行、文件如何

存储和读取、系统硬件组件如何管理等。基于某一特定的PC操作系

统编写的软件不能用于其他操作系统。为了充分利用PC机，用户必

须了解操作系统的特性。

2 ) personal computer software built on specific operating systems and

computers. Operating system software through a series of measures to

define the performance of your computer , including how to control

program execution , how to store and read files , such as how to manage

the system hardware components . Based on a specific PC operating

system software is not written for other operating systems . To take full

advantage of the PC , the user must understand the characteristics of the

operating system .

3）应用软件（又称作终端用户程序）是直接为用户设计的具有专门功能的软件，或在某些情况下，为另一种应用程序设计的。应用软件的例子有：字处理器，数据库程序，网络浏览器，开发工具，绘图和图像编辑程序，通信程序等。可以形象的说，应用软件位于系统软件基础上，这是因为如果没有操作系统和系统程序应用软件将不能运行。

3 ) application software ( also called end-user programs ) designed for users directly with specialized software function , or in some cases , to another application design . Examples of applications are: a word processor , database programs, Web browsers, development tools, drawing and image editing program , a communication program and the like. You can image that the application software in the system software on the basis of it is as if there is no operating system, application software and system programs will not run.

5、给出以下专业名词的英文缩写及英文全称。

1)人工智能

AI( Artificial Intelligence)

2)操作系统

operating system (OS)

3)先进后出first-in last-out ( FILO )

4)国际标准化组织ISO international crganization for standardization

5)能力成熟度集成模型CMM (Capability Maturity Model) 能力成熟度模型

6、根据UNIT 6的TextA回答以下问题：

1)What is a operating system?

2)Why is windows NT Workstation know as a general-purpose operating system?

3)What are utilities provided for?

4)Please list the advantage and disadvantage of a multi-tasking operating system?