2010年真题
2010年专八真题及参考答案
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)-GRADE EIGHT-PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically & semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.Paralinguistic Features of LanguageIn face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tomes of voice or change their physical postures in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.First category: vocal paralinguistic features(1)__________: to express attitude or intention (1)__________ Examples1. whispering: need for secrecy2. breathiness: deep emotion3. (2)_________: unimportance (2)__________4. nasality: anxiety5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacySecond category: physical paralinguistic featuresfacial expressions(3)_______ (3)__________----- smiling: signal of pleasure or welcomeless common expressions----- eye brow raising: surprise or interest----- lip biting: (4)________ (4)_________ gesturegestures are related to culture.British culture----- shrugging shoulders: (5) ________ (5)__________----- scratching head: puzzlementother cultures----- placing hand upon heart:(6)_______ (6)__________----- pointing at nose: secretproximity, posture and echoingproximity: physical distance between speakers----- closeness: intimacy or threat----- (7)_______: formality or absence of interest (7)_________ Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)________ -specific. (8)_________ posture----- hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate(9)_____ (9)________----- direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitudeechoing----- definition: imitation of similar posture----- (10)______: aid in communication (10)___________----- conscious imitation: mockerySECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. According to Dr Johnson, diversity meansA. merging of different cultural identities.B. more emphasis on homogeneity.C. embracing of more ethnic differences.D. acceptance of more branches of Christianity.2. According to the interview, which of the following statements in CORRECT?A. Some places are more diverse than others.B. Towns are less diverse than large cities.C. Diversity can be seen everywhere.D. American is a truly diverse country.3. According to Dr Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racial makeup by 2025?A. MaineB. SelinsgroveC. PhiladelphiaD. California4. During the interview Dr Johnson indicates thatA. greater racial diversity exists among younger populations.B. both older and younger populations are racially diverse.C. age diversity could lead to pension problems.D. older populations are more racially diverse.5. According to the interview, religious diversityA. was most evident between 1990 and 2000.B. exists among Muslim immigrants.C. is restricted to certain places in the US.D. is spreading to more parts of the country.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?A. Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones.B. Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.C. The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations.D. Reader devices are available at stores and stations.Question 7 and 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. Which of the following is mentioned as the government’s measure to control inflation?A. Foreign investment.B. Donor support.C. Price control.D. Bank prediction.8. According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe?A. 20 million percent.B. 2.2 million percent.C. 11.2 million percent.D. Over 11.2 million percent.Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.9. Which of the following is CORRECT?A. A big fire erupted on the Nile River.B. Helicopters were used to evacuate people.C. Five people were taken to hospital for burns.D. A big fire took place on two floors.10. The likely cause of the big fire isA. electrical short-cut.B. lack of fire-satefy measures.C. terrorism.D. not known.PART IIREADING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AStill, the image of any city has a half-life of many years. (So does its name, officially changed in 2001 from Calcutta to Kolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like in Bengali. Conversing in English, I never heard anyone call the city anything but Calcutta.) To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subway—a facility whose spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television monitors—but the hand-pulled rickshaw. Stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of Mother Teresa. For years the government has been talking about eliminating hand-pulled rickshaws on what it calls humanitarian grounds—principally on the ground that, as the mayor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see ―one man sweating and straining to pull another man.‖ But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand-pulled rickshaw s on a modern city’s traffic and, particularly, on its image. ―Westerners try to associate beggars and these rickshaws with the Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,‖ the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, said in a press conference in 2006. ―Our city stands for prosperity and development.‖ The chief minister—the equivalent of a state governor—went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata.Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. (Actually, I saw almost no tourists in Kolkata, apart from the young backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the services a rickshaw puller offers may include providing female company to a gentleman for the evening.) It’s the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws—not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafés or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. (One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on a load of livechickens—tied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over the shafts and the folded back canopy and even the axle. By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred upside-down chickens.) The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are schoolchildren. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer. From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains, and its drainage system doesn’t need torrential rain to begin backing up. Residents who favor a touch of hyperbole say that in Kolkata ―if a stray cat pees, there’s a flood.‖ During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn’t be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers’ waists. When it’s raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, ―When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws.‖While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India’s 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera—a combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata’s Telegraph—Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books—told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. ―I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,‖ he said, ―but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.‖ Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government’s plan to rid the cityof rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head—a gesture I interpreted to mean, ―If you are so naive as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.‖ Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something in its place. As migrant workers, they don’t have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata’s sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything—or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. ―The government was the government of the poor people,‖ one sardar told me. ―Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.‖But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations—or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they’re supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, ―has difficulty letting go.‖ One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.―Which option has been chosen?‖ I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.―That hasn’t been decided,‖ he said.―When will it be decided?‖―That hasn’t been decided,‖ he said.11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following EXCEPTA. taking foreign tourists around the city.B. providing transport to school children.C. carrying store supplies and purchasesD. carrying people over short distances.12. Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar?A. They come from a relatively poor area.B. They are provided with decent accommodation.C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.13. That “For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar” (4 paragraph) means that even so,A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware peopleA. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.C. call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers.D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.15. Which of the following statements conveys the author’s sense of humor?A. ―…not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.‖ (2 paragraph)B. ―…,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.‖ (4 paragraph)C. Kolkata, a resident told me, ― has difficulty letting go.‖ (7 paragraph).D.―…or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.‖(6 paragraph)16. The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggestA. the uncertainty of the court’s decision.B. the inefficiency of the municipal government.C. the difficulty of finding a good solution.D. the slowness in processing options.TEXT BDepending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to customer-loyalty experts).The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers(people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy "élite" security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jetway.At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags NewEngland, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada--get this--"we have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else." Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay "waiters" or "placeholders" to wait in line for them outside Apple stores. Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people. This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants "to cut in line ahead of millions of people."Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents. But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating. But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called will secure you a coveted "A" boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do--unhappily. For those of us in the latter group-- consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too pooror proper to pay a placeholder --what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: "We wait. We are bored."17. What does the following sentence mean? “Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suck ers…Poor suckers, mostly.” (2 paragraph)A. Lines are symbolic of America’s democracy.B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.18. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.C. First-class passenger status at airports.D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.19. We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors and Congressmen)A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B. advocate the value of waiting in lines.C. believe in and practice waiting in lines.D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good.20. What is the tone of the passage?A. Instructive.B. Humorous.TEXT CA bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the caféof his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned. Bbylonian, a while palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the other building like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand llights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress( five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the table in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upperstoreys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were al there. It seemed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, whre an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: ― For one, sir? This way, please,‖ Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.21. That “behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel” suggests thatA. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café..C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D. the café was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.22. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPTA. ―…turned Babylonian‖.B. ―perhaps a new barbarism’.C. ―acres of white napery‖.D. ―balanced to the last halfpenny‖.23. In its context the statement that “ the place was built for him” means that the café was intended toA. please simple people in a simple way.B. exploit gullible people like him.C. satisfy a demand that already existed.D. provide relaxation for tired young men.24. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?A. The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.B. The café was both full of people and full of warmth.C. The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.25. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT thatA. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D. the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.26. The author’s attitude to the c afé isA. fundamentally critical.B. slightly admiring.C. quite undecided.D. completely neutral.TEXT DI Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe’s last pristine wilderness. But the environmental a wareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can’t do anything about. But the truth is, once you’re off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they’re all bad, so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhab-itants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the ―Mona Lisa.‖When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter, those who had been dreaming of some-thing like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world’s r ichest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the proj-ect’s advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country’s century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially had ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a sod hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegeta-tion and livestock, all spirit—a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one’s sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions—the remote and sparsely populated east—where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980sto protect fish stocks, many indi-vidual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies, and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing every-thing they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a l ast chance. ―Smelter or death.‖The contract with Alcoa would infuse the re-gion with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world; diversify an economy historically dependent on fish; and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself.―We have to live,‖ Halldór Ásgrímsson s aid in his sad, sonorous voice. Halldór, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project. ―We have a right to live.‖27. According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something ofA. environmental value.B. commercial value.C. potential value for tourism.D. great value for livelihood.28. What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates’ feeling towards the Alcoa project?A. Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.B. The project would lower life expectancy.C. The project would cause environmental problems.D. The project symbolizes and end to the colonial legacies.29. The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPTA. fewer fishing companies.B. fewer jobs available.C. migration of young people.D. impostion of fishing quotas.30. The 4 paragraph in the passageA. sums up the main points of the passage.B. starts to discuss an entirely new point.C. elaborates on the last part of the 3 paragraph.D. continues to depict the bleak economic situation.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.。
2010年12月大学英语四级考试真题和答案及解析
2010年12月大学英语四级考试真题和答案及解析月大学英语四级考试真题和答案及解析Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions ：For For this this this part, part, part, you you you are are are allowed allowed allowed 30 30 30 minutes minutes minutes to to to write write write a a a short short essay essay entitled entitled entitled How How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该……How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? . . . Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked marked [A], [A], [A], [B], [B], [B], [C] and [C] and [D]. [D]. For For For questions questions questions 8-10, 8-10, 8-10, complete complete complete the the the sentences sentences sentences with with with the the the information information given in the passage. A Grassroots Remedy Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go go fishing, fishing, fishing, sit sit sit in in in the the the garden, garden, garden, drink drink drink outside outside outside rather rather rather than than than inside inside inside the the the pub, pub, pub, have have have a a a picnic, picnic, picnic, live live live in in in the the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they don ’t run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not. But But despite despite despite this, this, our our children children children are are are growing growing growing up up up nature-deprived nature-deprived nature-deprived ((丧失). ). I I I spent spent spent my my my boyhood boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of these ancient ancient freedoms, freedoms, freedoms, due due to to problems problems problems like like like crime, crime, crime, traffic, traffic, traffic, the the the loss loss loss of of of the the the open open open spaces and spaces and odd odd new new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found. The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and and the the the children children children were were were assessed assessed assessed for for for ADHD ADHD —attention attention deficit deficit deficit hyperactivity hyperactivity hyperactivity disorder disorder disorder ((多动症). Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%. A A study study study in in in Sweden Sweden Sweden indicated indicated indicated that that that kindergarten kindergarten kindergarten children children children who who who could could could play play play in in in a a a natural natural environment environment had had had less less less illness illness illness and and and greater greater greater physical physical physical ability ability ability than than than children children children used used used only only only to to to a a a normal normal playground. playground. A A A US US US study study study suggested suggested suggested that that that when when when a a a school school school gave gave gave children children children access access access to to to a a a natural natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school. Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity. Most Most bullying bullying bullying ((恃强凌弱) ) is is is found found found in in in schools schools schools where where where there there there is is is a a a tarmac tarmac tarmac ((柏油碎石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School in Streatham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners fantasising about wildlife. But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls. One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated treated with with with drugs. drugs. drugs. Y et Y et one one one study study study after after after another another another indicates indicates indicates that that that contact contact contact with with with nature nature nature gives gives gives huge huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places. The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality. In wider and more more difficult difficult areas areas of of life, there is is evidence evidence to indicate indicate that that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world. Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, “A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behaviour.” Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution. e W e tend tend tend to to to look look look on on on nature nature nature conservation conservation conservation as as as some some some kind kind kind of of of favour favour favour that that that human human human beings beings beings are are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, themselves, but but but the the the very very very idea idea idea that that that humanity humanity humanity and and and the the the natural natural natural world world world are are are separable separable separable things things things is is profoundly damaging. Human beings are a species of mammals (哺乳动物). For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given given or or or received received received a a a bunch bunch bunch of of of flowers flowers flowers or or or chosen chosen chosen to to to walk walk walk through through through the the the park park park on on on a a a nice nice nice day, day, understands that. We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilised. Without other living things around us we are less than human. Five ways to find harmony with the natural world Walk: Walk: Break Break Break the the the rhythm rhythm rhythm of of permanently permanently being being being under under under a a a roof. roof. roof. Get Get Get off off off a a a stop earlier, stop earlier, make make a a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb. Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the garden, anywhere that ’s not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed. Drink: Drink: The The The best best best way way way to to to enjoy enjoy enjoy the the the natural natural natural world world world is is is by by by yourself; yourself; yourself; the the the second second second best best best way way way is is is in in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with birdsong for background. Learn: Learn: Expand Expand Expand your your your boundaries. boundaries. boundaries. Learn Learn Learn five five five species species species of of of bird, bird, bird, five five five butterflies, butterflies, butterflies, five five five trees, trees, trees, five five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life. Travel: Travel: The The The places places places you you you always always always wanted wanted wanted to to to visit: visit: visit: by by by the the the seaside, seaside, seaside, in in in the the the country, country, country, in in in the the the hills. hills. Take a weekend break, a day-trip, get out there and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, woods, for for for the the the birds, birds, birds, for for for the the the bees. bees. bees. Go Go Go somewhere somewhere somewhere special special special and and and bring bring bring specialness specialness specialness home. home. home. It It It lasts lasts forever, after all. 上作答。
2010年考研真题和详细解析
1. 1984年1月3日，意大利人卡内帕给恩格斯写信，请求他为即将在日内瓦出版的饿《新纪元》周刊的创刊号题词，而且要求尽量用简短的字句来表述未来的社会主义纪元的基本思想，以区别于伟大诗人但丁的对旧纪元所作的“一些人统治，另一些人受苦难”的界定。
恩格斯回答说，这就是：“代替那存在着阶级和阶级对立的资产阶级旧社会的，将是这样一个联合体，在那里，每个人的自由发展是一切人的自由发展的条件。
”这段话表明，马克思主义追求的根本价值目标是（）A．实现人的自由而全面的发展B．实现人类永恒不变的普适价值C．建立一个四海之内皆兄弟的大同世界D．建立一个自由，平等，博爱的理性王国【答案】A【解析】本题考查的考点是马克思主义最崇高的社会理想，即马克思追求的根本价值目标，进入共产主义社会，实现人的自由而全面的发展，所以，正确答案是A选项。
2.有一则箴言：“在溪水和岩石的斗争中，胜利的总是溪水，不是因为力量，而是因为坚持。
”“坚持就是胜利”的哲理在于（）A．必然性通过偶然性开辟道路B．肯定中包含着否定的因素C．量变必然引起质变D．有其因必有其果【答案】C【解析】坚持就是胜利，体现了事物量变发展到一定阶段必然会引起质变，达到事物根本性质的变化，所以，本题体现的是量变必然引起质变，正确答案是选项C。
3. 右边这张照片反映出由于气候变暖，北极冰盖融化，致使北极熊无处可去的场景，颇具震撼力。
它给我们地球上的人类发出的警示是（）A．人与自然的关系成为人与人之间一切社会关系的核心B．生态失衡已成为自然界自身周期演化不可逆转的趋势C．自然地理环境已成为人类社会发展的根本决定力量D．生态环境已日益成为人类反思自身活动的重要前提【答案】D【解析】本题考查人与自然的关系，气候变暖给人类发出的警示是人在对于自然的作用过程中，生态环境已日益成为人类反思自身活动的重要前提，保护自然，协调人和自然的关系是大势所趋，所以，正确答案是选项D。
4. 劳动力成为商品是货币转化为资本的前提条件，这是因为（）A．资本家购买的是劳动力的价值B．劳动力商品具有价值和使用价值C．货币所有者购买的劳动力能够带来剩余价值D．劳动力自身的价值能够在消费过程中转移到新的商品中去【答案】C【解析】劳动力商品的最主要特点，表现在它的使用价值上。
A-level2010年经济学真题
This document consists of 12 printed pages.IB10 11_9708_11/3RP© UCLES 2010[Turn over*6354831023*UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of EducationAdvanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced LevelECONOMICS 9708/11Paper 1 Multiple Choice (Core)October/November 20101 hourAdditional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Soft clean eraserSoft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRSTWrite in soft pencil.Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.Write your n ame, Cen tre n umber an d can didate n umber on the An swer Sheet in the spaces provided unless this has been done for you.There are thirty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible answers A , B , C and D .Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet.Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer. Any rough working should be done in this booklet.1What is the central problem for an economy? A to achieve maximum growth in production B to allocate resources between alternative uses C to ensure all resources are fully exploited D to overcome inequalities in income distribution2What are most likely to be disadvantages found in a market economy? A economic growth and state-owned companies B merit goods and free competition C public goods and economic specialisation D unemployment and external costs3 The diagram shows the production possibility curve of an economy.goodscapital goodsWhich statement explains the shape of this curve?A More efficient workers are drawn away from the production of consumer goods.B Resources cannot be switched between producing capital and consumer goods.C The economy is more efficient at producing capital than consumer goods.D The opportunity cost of producing capital goods increases the more capital goods are made. 4What is a correct statement about money?A Its functions mean the characteristics that it possesses.B Its liquidity means its use as legal tender.C Its supply means the total value of banknotes in circulation.D Its value means its purchasing power.5What might shift an individual’s demand curve for petrol to the left? A a fall in the price of parking B a fall in the price of petrol C a rise in the price of carsD a rise in the price of public transport6 The diagram shows a consumer’s short-run and long-run demand curves for coconuts. Initially,the consumer purchases quantity Q 0 at price P 0.price quantityP 0If the price of coconuts increases from P 0, the consumer’s short-run response is greater than his long-run response. If the price decreases from P 0 his short-run response is smaller than his long-run response.What is the consumer’s short-run demand curve? A VYW B VYZ C XYZ D XYW7 The table shows a consumer’s expenditure on a range of goods at different levels of income. For which good does the consumer have an income elasticity of demand greater than zero, butless than one?consumer’s income ($)40 50 100 good consumer’s expenditure ($)A 10 18 40B 10 11 20C 10 10 10 D10868 The diagram shows the demand curve for a product.priceWhich statement is correct?A Demand is less elastic at higher prices than at lower prices.B Consumer expenditure on the product always rises when price falls.C Price elasticity of demand is different at every price.D Price elasticity of demand equals one at every price.9 The table shows the market demand for a product and the individual supply of the three firms X, Y and Z in the industry.price $market demand (000)supply by X (000)supply by Y (000)supply by Z (000)40 60 50 10 20 30 70 41 11 18 20 80 34 10 16 10 90 30 9 11What is the equilibrium market price? A $40B $30C $20D $1010 Domino Pizza, the largest US pizza chain, said that its profits had been reduced by price inflationon ingredients and by a reduction in consumers’ disposable income.How would these changes affect the demand and supply curve for its products?demand supply A move to the left move to the left B move to the left move to the right C move to the right move to the left Dmove to the rightmove to the right11 Which area in the diagram represents the amount of consumer surplus that would occur in amarket if a government enforced an effective maximum price?pricequantityA f onlyB f + g + h onlyC f + g + i onlyD f + g + h + i + j + k12 Rising demand for oil from China and other countries is leading to concerns that there may be aworld shortage of oil.How should a change in the price of oil prevent such a shortage developing?A Price should fall to reduce demand and encourage a search for more oil.B Price should fall to reduce supply and encourage a reduction in fuel use.C Price should rise to reduce demand and encourage a search for alternative fuels.D Price should rise to reduce supply and encourage a switch to alternative fuels.13 In the diagram OS 1 and OS 2 are two straight-line supply curves.pricequantityAs price increases, the elasticity of supply A decreases along both OS 1 and OS 2.B increases less rapidly along OS 1 than along OS 2.C increases more rapidly along OS 1 than along OS 2.D is constant along both OS 1 and OS 2.14 What is the most likely reason economists will give to explain why large hospital projects areoften funded by governments?A Governments usually control the construction industry.B Hospitals benefit many people who do not use them.C Hospitals are non-excludable.D Hospitals are an essential service.15 How would net external benefit be calculated?A external benefit minus external costB external benefit plus private benefitC private benefit plus social benefitD social benefit minus private cost16 The table shows the expected costs and benefits from four government projects. The governmentcan afford only one project.Which project should the government choose?private benefits$mexternal benefits$mprivate costs$mexternal costs$mA 40 200 60 70B 6016010020C 100 210 100 120 D150 90120 14017 What will make it more likely that road tolls will reduce traffic congestion?A Cross-elasticity of demand between private and public transport is zero.B Demand for car use is income-elastic.C Demand for car use is price-elastic.D Supply of public transport is price-inelastic.18 In the diagram, S 1S 1 and DD represent the original supply and demand curves for an agriculturalproduct.pricequantityP 123Bad weather then reduces supply to S 2S 2.The government does not allow the price to rise above OP 1.How much of the product will the government have to supply from stocks if the price is to be maintained at OP 1? A OQ 3B Q 1Q 3C Q 1Q 2D Q 2Q 319Steel is produced in a number of countries, including China, Japan and the US. It is used in the manufacture of cars. The US protects its domestic steel industry by imposing high tariffs on foreign steel imports.Which two groups would benefit from the removal of the US tariffs?A Chinese steel producers and Japanese car manufacturersB Japanese steel producers and US car manufacturersC US steel producers and Chinese steel workersD the US government and Japanese steel workers20The supply of an imported good is shown by curve S.What will be the new supply curve if an ad valorem (percentage) tariff is imposed on the good? Array21What is found in a customs union but not a free trade area?A a common currencyB a common external tariffC fixed exchange ratesD free movement of labour22The table shows how much rice and wheat two countries, X and Y, can grow when each country divides its resources equally between growing rice and wheat.country X country Yrice (units) 900m 100mwheat (units) 300m 50mAssume that each country now specialises according to comparative advantage and trades with the other country.Which terms of trade would benefit both countries?A 1 wheat = 5 riceB 1 wheat = 3 riceC 1 wheat = 2.5 riceD 1 wheat = 2 rice23What must fall when the rate of unemployment rises?A the effectiveness of the use of resourcesB the level of labour productivityC the number of workers in employmentD the size of the labour force24The table shows the percentage price changes in some items in the UK Consumer Price Index (CPI) in the year to 1 June 2006.item % change in pricerents, electricity and gas 9.0education 4.7transport 4.0restaurants and hotels 3.2health services 2.9The increase in the overall CPI over the same period was 2.5%.What can be concluded from the data above?A The CPI is not an accurate measure of inflation.B Some prices must have fallen.C The average price increase of other items was less than 2.5%.D The real value of money rose by more than 2.5%.25In Year 1 the price of a barrel of oil increased from $60 to $110.In Year 2 there was a further increase to $115 a barrel.Assume that oil price changes have an immediate impact on the general level of prices.What will be the effect of the changes in the oil price on a country’s Consumer Price Index and on its inflation rate in Year 2 compared with Year 1?effect on the Consumer Price Indexeffect on the rate of inflationA decrease decreaseB decrease increaseC increase decreaseD increase increase26 A government has low reserves of foreign currency. When would it be likely to consider a deficiton current account to be a serious problem?A when the country is experiencing a period of high, sustained growthB when the deficit alternates regularly with a surplusC when the deficit exceeds the sum of errors and omissions in the balance of paymentsaccountD when the level of international confidence in the country is low© UCLES 20109708/11/O/N/1027 The diagram shows the number of US dollars ($) and Euros (€) which exchanged for one poundsterling (£) between 2002 and 2004.1.81.71.61.51.41.3200220032004€ per £$ per £What happened to the exchange rate of the $ against the £ and € during this period?$ exchange rateagainst £$ exchange rateagainst €A appreciated appreciatedB appreciated depreciatedC depreciated appreciated Ddepreciated depreciated28 In a country the Marshall-Lerner condition for an improvement in the trade balance is satisfied inthe long run, but quantities of imports and exports are slow to respond to price changes. The government devalues its currency to reduce its trade deficit.Which curve indicates the probable behaviour of the trade balance?tradebalanceCopyright Acknowledgements:Question 27 © The Economist; 10 January 2004.Permissio n to repro duce items where third-party o wned material pro tected by co pyright is included has been so ught and cleared where po ssible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.© UCLES 20109708/11/O/N/1029 Assume the Chinese monetary authorities are committed to maintaining the exchange rate ofChina’s currency the Yuan against the US$ between P 1 and P 2 on the diagram.price of Yuan (in US $)quantity of YuanP PWhat might they do if demand changed from D 1 to D 2? A Impose controls on Chinese investment overseas. B Increase interest rates.C Sell US$ out of foreign exchange reserves.D Sell Yuan on the foreign exchange markets.30 In 2008 the Chinese government was under pressure from other countries to reduce its currentaccount surplus on its balance of payments.Which combination of Chinese measures would help to reduce China’s current account surplus?Chinese rate of tariffsChinese subsidies to the country’s exportersA decrease decreaseB decrease increaseC increase decreaseD increase increase。
2010管理类联考综合真题(含答案)
(E）古典音乐不流行。 如果流行， 那就说明大众的音乐欣赏水平大大提高了。 32. 在某次课程教学改革研讨会上， 负责工程类教学的程老师说， 在工程设计中， 用于解决数学问题的计算机程 序越来越多了， 这样就不必要求工程技术类大学生对基础数学有深刻的理解． 因此， 在未来的教学中， 基础 数学课程可以用其它重要的工程类课程代替。 以下哪项如果为真， 能削弱程老师的上述论证？ I， 工程类基础课程中已经包含了相关的基础数学的内容。 II， 在工程设计中， 设计计算机程序需要对基础数学有全面的理解。 田， 基础数学课程的一个重要目标是培养学生的思维能力， 这种能力对工程设计来说很关键。 (A）只有E (D）只有E和皿 (B）只有I和E (E) I、 II和III (C) I、 II和皿
2 2
A
D
c
图3
三、逻辑推理z第26-55小题，每小题2分，共60分。下列每题所给出的（A)、（B）、（C）、（D）、（E）五个选项 中，只有 － 项是符合试题要求的．请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑． 26.针对威胁人类健康的甲型HlNl流感，研究人员研制出了相应的疫苗，尽管这些疫苗是有效的，但某大学研究 人员发现，阿司匹林、提苯基乙酷肢等抑制某些酶的药物会影响疫苗的效果， 这位研究员指出： 如果你服用 了阿司匹林或者乙酷基酌，那么你注射疫苗后就必然不会产生良好的抗体反映。” 如果小张住射疫苗后产生了良好的抗体反映，那么根据上述研究结果可以得出 一 下哪些结论？ (A）小张服用了阿司匹林，但没有服用对乙酷基盼。 (B）小张服没有用阿司匹林，但感染了HlNl流感病毒。 (C）小张服用了阿司匹林，但没有感染了HlNl流感病毒。 (D）小张服没有用了阿司匹林，也没有服用对乙酷基醋。 (E）小张服用了乙酷基盼，但没有服用担苯基乙酷肢。 27.为了调查当前人们的识字水平，其实验者列举了20个词语，请30位文化人士识读，这些人的文化程度都在大 “ 专以上。识读结果显示，多数人具读对3到5个词语，极少数人读对15以上，甚至有人全部读错。其中， 蹒 ” ” 跚 的辨识率最高，30人中有19人读对，“呱呱坠地 所有人都读错，20个词语的整体误读率接近80%，该 实验者由此得出，当前人们的识字水平并没有提高，甚至有所下降。 以下哪项如果是真，最能对该实验者的结论构成质疑？
2010年考研数学一真题及参考答案
2010考研数学（一）真题及参考答案一、选择题（1）、极限2lim ()()x x x x a x b ®¥æö=ç÷-+èø（ C ） A 、1 B 、e C 、a be - D 、b ae-【详解】【详解】()()2222ln 1()()()()()()()()lim lim lim ()()lim lim xx x x x x a x b x a x b x x x a b x ab a b x abxx x a x b x a x b x x a bx e e x a x b ee eæöæö-ç÷ç÷ç÷ç÷-+-+èøèø®¥®¥®¥-+æö-+ç÷ç÷-+-+èø®¥®¥-æö==ç÷-+èø===（2）、设函数(,)z z x y =，由方程(,)0y z F x x =确定，其中F 为可微函数，且20F ¢¹，则z zx y u y¶¶+=¶¶（ B ）A 、xB 、zC 、x -D z -【详解】【详解】 等式两边求全微分得：121212()()()0x x y y z z Fu F v dx Fu F v dy Fu F v dz ¢¢¢¢¢¢+++++=， 所以有，1212x x z z F u F v z x F u F v ¢¢+¶=-¢¢¶+，1212yy z z Fu F v z y Fu F v ¢¢+¶=-¢¢¶+， 其中，2x y u x =-，1y u x =，0z u =，2x z v x =-，0yv =，1z v x=，代入即可。
2010计算机统考真题与答案
一、单选题1、若元素a,b,c,d,e,f依次进栈，允许进栈、退栈操作交替进行。
但不允许连续三次进行退栈工作，则不可能得到的出栈序列是（ D ）A：dcebfa B：cbdaef C：dbcaef D：afedcb2、某队列允许在其两端进行入队操作，但仅允许在一端进行出队操作，则不可能得到的顺序是（ C ）A：bacde B：dbace C：dbcae D：ecbad3、下列线索二叉树中（用虚线表示线索），符合后序线索树定义的是（ B ）4、在下列所示的平衡二叉树中插入关键字48后得到一棵新平衡二叉树，在新平衡二叉树中，关键字37所在结点的左、右子结点中保存的关键字分别是（ C ）A：13，48 B：24，48 C：24，53 D：24，905、在一棵度为4的树T中，若有20个度为4的结点，10个度为3的结点，1个度为2的结点，10个度为1的结点，则树T的叶节点个数是（B）A：41 B：82 C：113 D：1226、对n(n大于等于2)个权值均不相同的字符构成哈夫曼树，关于该树的叙述中，错误的是（B）A：该树一定是一棵完全二叉树 B：树中一定没有度为1的结点C：树中两个权值最小的结点一定是兄弟结点 D：树中任一非叶结点的权值一定不小于下一任一结点的权值7、若无向图G-（V.E）中含7个顶点，则保证图G在任何情况下都是连通的，则需要的边数最少是（A）A ：6 B：15 C：16 D：218、对下图进行拓补排序，可以得到不同的拓补序列的个数是（B ）A：4 B：3 C：2 D：19、已知一个长度为16的顺序表L，其元素按关键字有序排列，若采用折半查找法查找一个不存在的元素，则比较次数最多是（A）A：4 B：5 C：6 D：710、采用递归方式对顺序表进行快速排序，下列关于递归次数的叙述中，正确的是（D）A：递归次数与初始数据的排列次序无关B：每次划分后，先处理较长的分区可以减少递归次数C：每次划分后，先处理较短的分区可以减少递归次数D：递归次数与每次划分后得到的分区处理顺序无关11、对一组数据（2，12，16，88，5，10）进行排序，若前三趟排序结果如下（A）第一趟：2，12，16，5，10，88第二趟：2，12，5，10，16，88第三趟：2，5，10，12，16，88则采用的排序方法可能是：A：起泡排序 B：希尔排序 C：归并排序 D：基数排序12、下列选项中，能缩短程序执行时间的措施是（D）I 提高CPU时钟频率，II优化数据通过结构，III对程序进行编译优化A：仅I和II B：仅I和III C：仅II和III D：I，II，III13、假定有4个整数用8位补码分别表示r1=FEH ,r2=F2H ,r3=90H,r4=F8H,若将运算结果存放在一个8位的寄存器中，则下列运算会发生溢出的是（C）A： r1*r2 B ：r2*r3 C：r1*r4 D：r2*r414、假定变量I,f,d数据类型分别为int,float和double(int用补码表示，float和double分别用IEEE754单精度和双精度浮点数据格式表示)，已知i=785,f=1.5678,d=1.5若在32位机器中执行下列关系表达式，则结果为真是（C）（I）f=(int)(float)I (II)f=(float)(int)f (III)f=(float)(double) (IV)=(d+f)-d=fA：仅I和II B：仅I和III C：仅II和III D：仅III和IV15、假定用若干个2k*4位芯片组成一个8*8位存储器，则地址0B1FH所在芯片的最小地址是（D）A：0000H B：0600H C： 0700H D：0800H16、下列有关RAM和ROM的叙述中，正确的是（A）I、 RAM是易失性存储器，ROM是非易失性存储器II、 RAM和ROM都是采用随机存取的方式进行信息访问III、RAM和ROM都可用作CacheIV、RAM和ROM都需要进行刷新A：仅I和II B：仅II和III C：仅I,II，III D：仅II，III，IV17、下列命令组合情况中，一次访存过程中，不可能发生的是（D）A：TLB未命中，Cache未命中，Page未命中B：TLB未命中，Cache命中，Page命中C：TLB命中，Cache未命中，Page命中D：TLB命中，Cache命中，Page未命中18、下列存储器中，汇编语言程序员可见的是（B）A：存储器地址寄存器（MAR） B：程序计数器（PC）C：存储器数据寄存器（MDR） D：指令寄存器（IR）19、下列不会引起指令流水阻塞的是（A）A：数据旁路 B：数据相关 C：条件转移 D：资源冲突20、下列选项中的英文缩写均为总线标准的是（D）A：PCI、CRT、USB、EISA B：ISA、CPI、VESA、EISAC：ISA、SCSI、RAM、MIPS D：ISA、EISA、PCI、PCI-Express21、单级中断系统中，中断服务程序执行顺序是（A）I、保护现场 II、开中断 III、关中断 IV、保存断点V、中断事件处理 VI、恢复现场 VII、中断返回A：I、V、VI、II、VIIB：III、I、V、VIIC：III、IV、V、VI、VIID：IV、I、V、VI、VII22、假定一台计算机的显示存储器用DRAM芯片实现，若要求显示分辨率为1600*1200，颜色深度为24位，帧频为85Hz，显示总带宽的50% 用来刷新屏幕，则需要的显存总带宽至少约为（D）A ：245 MbpsB：979 MbpsC：1958 MbpsD：7834Mbps23、下列选项中，操作S提供的给应用程序的接口是（A）A：系统调用B：中断C：库函数D：原语24、下列选项中，导致创进新进程的操作是（C）I用户成功登陆 II设备分配 III启动程序执行A：仅I和IIB：仅II和IIIC：仅I和IIID：I，II，III25、设与某资源相关联的信号量初值为3，当前值为1，若M表示该资源的可用个数，N表示等待资源的进程数，则M,N分别是（B ）A：0，1B：1，0C：1，2D：2，026、下列选项中，降低进程优先权级的合理时机是（ A ）A：进程的时间片用完B：进程刚完成Z/O，进入就绪队列C：进程长期处于就绪队列中D：就绪从就绪状态转为运行态27、进行P0和P1的共享变量定义及其初值为（ A ）boolean flag[2]；int turn=0；flag[0]=faulse；flag[1]=faulse；若进行P0和P1访问临界资源的类C代码实现如下：Void p0（）// 进程p0 Void p1（）// 进程p1{while（TURE）} {while（TURE）}Flag[0]=TURE;ture=1 Flag[1]=TURE; ture=1While （flag[1]&&（turn==1）） While （flag[0]&&（turn==0））临界区：Flag[0]=FALSE; Flag[1]=FALSE;} }} }则并发执行进程P0和P1时产生的情况是：A：不能保证进程互斥进入临界区，会出现“饥饿”现象B：不能保证进程互斥进入临界区，不会出现“饥饿”现象C：能保证进程互斥进入临界区，会出现“饥饿”现象D：能保证进程互斥进入临界区，不会出现“饥饿”现象28、某基于动态分区存储管理的计算机，其主存容量为55mb（初试为空间），采用最佳适配（Best fit）算法，分配和释放的顺序为：分配15mb，分配30mb，释放15mb，分配8mb，此时主存中最大空闲分区的大小是（ B ）A：7mbB：9mbC：10mbD：15mb29、某计算机采用二级页表的分页存储管理方式，按字节编制，页大小为216字节，页表项大小为2字节，逻辑地址结构为逻辑地址空间大小为216页，则表示整个逻辑地址空间的页目录表中包含表项的个数至少是（ B ）A：64B：128C：256D：51230、设文件索引节点中有7个地址项，其中4个地址项为直接地址索引，2个地址项是一级间接地址索引，1个地址项是二级间接地址索引，每个地址项大小为4字节，若磁盘索引块和磁盘数据块大小均为256字节，则可表示的单个文件的最大长度是（ C ）A：33kbB：519kbC：1057kbD：16513kb31、设置当前工作目录的主要目的是（ C ）A：节省外存空间B：节省内容空间C：加快文件的检索速度D：加快文件的读写速度32、本地用户通过键盘登录系统时，首先获得键盘输入信息的程序是（B ）A：命令解释程序B：中断处理程序C：系统调用程序D：用户登录程序33、下列选项中，不属于网络体系结构中所描述的内容是（ C ）A：网络的层次B：每一层使用的协议C：协议的内部实现细节D：每一层必须完成的功能34、在下图所示的采用“存储-转发”方式分组的交换网络中，所有链路的数据传输速度为100mbps，分组大小为1000B，其中分组头大小20B，若主机H1向主机H2发送一个大小为980000B的文件，则在不考虑分组拆装时间和传播延迟的情况下，从H1发送到H2接收完为止，需要的时间至少是（ A ）A：80msB：80.08msC：80.16msD：80.24ms35、某自治系统采用RIP协议，若该自治系统内的路由器R1收到其邻居路由器R2的距离矢量中包含信息＜net1，16＞，则可能得出的结论是（ A ）A：R2可以经过R1到达net1，跳数为17B：R2可以到达net1，跳数为16C：R1可以经过R2到达net1，跳数为17D：R1不能进过R2到达net136、若路由器R因为拥塞丢弃IP分组，则此时R可以向发出该IP分组的源主机发送的ICMP报文件类型是（ C ）A：路由重定向B：目的不可达C：源抑制D：超时37、某网络的IP地址为192.168.5.0/24采用长子网划分，子网掩码为255.255.255.248，则该网络的最大子网个数，每个子网内的最大可分配地址个数为（ B ）A：32，8B：32，6C：8，32D：8，3038、下列网络设备中，能够抑制网络风暴的是（ C ）Ⅰ中继器Ⅱ集线器Ⅲ网桥Ⅳ路由器A：仅Ⅰ和ⅡB：仅ⅢC：仅Ⅲ和ⅣD：仅Ⅳ39、主机甲和主机乙之间已建立一个TCP连接，TCP最大段长度为1000字节，若主机甲的当前拥塞窗口为4000字节，在主机甲向主机乙连接发送2个最大段后，成功收到主机乙发送的第一段的确认段，确认段中通告的接收窗口大小为2000字节，则此时主机甲还可以向主机乙发送的最大字节数是（ A ）A：1000B：2000C：3000D：400040、如果本地域名服务无缓存，当采用递归方法解析另一网络某主机域名时，用户主机本地域名服务器发送的域名请求条数分别为（ A ）A：1条，1条B：1条，多条C：多条，1条D：多条，多条二、综合应用题：41-47小题，共计70分41.（10分）将关键字序列（7、8、11、18、9、14）散列存储到散列列表中，散列表的存储空间是一个下标从0开始的一个一维数组散列函数维：H（key）=（key×3）MODT，处理冲突采用线性探测再散列法，要求装填（载）因子为0.7问题：（1）请画出所构造的散列表；（2）分别计算等概率情况下，查找成功和查找不成功的平均查找长度。
2010年全国新课标地区高考真题(含答案)语文
2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文第I卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）（2010课程标准卷，一）阅读下面文字，完成1~3题。
‚书‛本是指文字符号，现在提到的‚书‛不是从文字符号讲，也不是从文字学‚六书‛来讲，而是从书法艺术讲。
书法对中华民族有很深远的影响，‚书‛与‚金‛、‚石‛与‚画‛并称，在中国文化中占很重要的位臵。
书法是一种艺术，而且是广大人民喜闻乐见的艺术。
中国的汉字刚一出现，写字的人就有‚写得好看‛的要求和欲望。
如甲骨文就是如此，虽然字形繁难复杂，但是不论单个的字还是全篇的字，结构章法都要好看。
可见，自从有写字的行动以来，就伴随着艺术的要求，美观的要求。
不论是秦隶还是汉隶，都是刚从篆书演变过来的，写起来单调而且费事。
所以到了晋朝后，真书（又叫楷书、正书）开始出现并逐渐定型。
真书虽然各家写法不同、风格不同，但字形的结构是一致的。
在历史上篆书、隶书等使用的时间都不如真书时间长久，真书至今仍在运用，就是因为它字形比较固定，笔画转折自然，并且可以连写，多写一笔少写一笔也容易被人发现。
真书写得萦连便是行书，再写得快一点就是草书。
草书另一个来源是从汉朝的章草，就是用真书的笔法写草书，与用汉隶的笔法写章草不同，到东晋以后与真书变来的草书合流。
真书的书写很方便，所以千姿百态的作品不断涌现，艺术风格多样，出现了各种字体，比如颜体、柳体、欧体、褚体等。
在这以前没有人专门写字并靠书法出名的，就连王羲之也不是专门写字的人，古代也没有‚书法家‛这个称呼。
当时许多碑都是刻碑的工匠写的，到了唐朝开始文人写碑成风。
唐太宗爱写字，写了《晋词铭》《温泉铭》两个碑，还把这两个碑的拓本送外国使臣。
当时的文人和名臣如虞世南、欧阳询、褚遂良以及后来的颜真卿、柳公权等都写碑，这样书法的流派也逐渐增多，他们的碑帖一直流传至今。
其实，今天看见的敦煌、吐鲁番等地出土的文书、写经等，其水平真有超过传世碑版的。
唐朝一般人的文书里，也有书法比《晋词铭》|《温泉铭》好的，但是那些皇帝、大官写出来的就被人重视，许多无名书法家的作品就不为人所知了。
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绝密 启用前考生姓名考生编号２０１０年全国硕士研究生招生考试管理类专业学位联考综合能力试题（科目代码：１９９）考生注意事项㊀㊀１．考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则．（１）考生在考试开考１５分钟后不得入场．（２）交卷出场时间不得早于考试结束前３０分钟．（３）交卷结束后，不得再进考场续考，也不得在考场附近逗留或交谈．２．答题前，应按准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的 考生姓名 报考单位 考生编号 等信息．３．答案必须按要求填涂或写在指定的答题卡上．（１）填涂部分应该按照答题卡上的要求用２Ｂ铅笔完成．如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净．（２）书写部分必须用（蓝）黑色字迹钢笔㊁圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡上作答．字迹要清楚．４．考试结束后，将答题卡装入原试卷袋中，试卷交给监考人员．题型问题求解条件充分性判断逻辑推理写作分值４５分３０分６０分６５分自测分２０１０年全国硕士研究生招生考试管理类专业学位联考综合能力试题㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀一㊁问题求解：第１ １５小题，每小题３分，共４５分．下面每题给出的Ａ㊁Ｂ㊁Ｃ㊁Ｄ㊁Ｅ五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的．１．电影开演时观众中女士与男士人数之比为５ʒ４，开演后无观众入场，放映一个小时后，女士的２０％，男士的１５％离场，则此时在场的女士与男士人数之比为（㊀㊀）Ａ．４ʒ５Ｂ．１ʒ１Ｃ．５ʒ４Ｄ．２０ʒ１７Ｅ．８５ʒ６４２．某商品的成本为２４０元，若按该商品标价的８折出售，利润率是１５％，则该商品的标价为（㊀㊀）Ａ．２７６元Ｂ．３３１元Ｃ．３４５元Ｄ．３６０元Ｅ．４００元３．三名小孩中有一名学龄前儿童（年龄不足６岁），他们的年龄都是质数（素数），且依次相差６岁，他们的年龄之和为（㊀㊀）Ａ．２１Ｂ．２７Ｃ．３３Ｄ．３９Ｅ．５１４．在右边的表格中每行为等差数列，每列为等比数列，ｘ＋ｙ＋ｚ＝（㊀㊀）Ａ．２Ｂ．５２Ｃ．３Ｄ．７２Ｅ．４㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀２５２３ｘ５４３２ａｙ３４ｂｃｚ５．如图１，在直角三角形ＡＢＣ区域内部有座山，现计划从ＢＣ边上某点Ｄ开凿一条隧道到点Ａ，要求隧道长度最短．若ＡＢ长为５千米，ＡＣ长为１２千米，则所开凿的隧道ＡＤ的长度约为（㊀㊀）Ａ．４．１２千米Ｂ．４．２２千米Ｃ．４．４２千米Ｄ．４．６２千米Ｅ．４．９２千米６．某商店举行店庆活动，顾客消费达到一定数量后，可以在４种赠品中随机选取２个不同的赠品，任意两位顾客所选赠品中，恰有１件品种相同的概率是（㊀㊀）Ａ．１６Ｂ．１４Ｃ．１３Ｄ．１２Ｅ．２３７．多项式ｘ３＋ａｘ２＋ｂｘ－６的两个因式是ｘ－１和ｘ－２，则第三个一次因式为（㊀㊀）Ａ．ｘ－６Ｂ．ｘ－３Ｃ．ｘ＋１Ｄ．ｘ＋２Ｅ．ｘ＋３８．某公司的员工中，拥有本科毕业证㊁计算机考试证㊁汽车驾驶证的人数分别为１３０，１１０，９０，又知只有一种证的人数为１４０，三证齐全的人数为３０，则恰有双证的人数为（㊀㊀）Ａ．４５Ｂ．５０Ｃ．５２Ｄ．６５Ｅ．１００９．甲商店销售某种商品，该商品的进价每件９０元，若每件定价１００元，则一天内能售出５００件．在此基础上，定价每增１元，一天能少售出１０件．若甲商店获得最大利润，则该商品的定价应为（㊀㊀）Ａ．１１５元Ｂ．１２０元Ｃ．１２５元Ｄ．１３０元Ｅ．１３５元１０．已知直线ａｘ－ｂｙ＋３＝０（ａ＞０，ｂ＞０）过圆ｘ２＋４ｘ＋ｙ２－２ｙ＋１＝０的圆心，则ａｂ的最大值为（㊀㊀）Ａ．９１６Ｂ．１１１６Ｃ．３４Ｄ．９８Ｅ．９４１１．某大学分配５名志愿者到西部４所中学支教，若每所中学至少有一名志愿者，则不同的分配方案共有（㊀㊀）Ａ．２４０种Ｂ．１４４种Ｃ．１２０种Ｄ．６０种Ｅ．２４种１２．某装置的启动密码由０ ９中的３个不同数字组成，连续３次输入错误密码，就会导致该装置永久关闭，一个仅记得密码是由３个不同数字组成的人能够启动此装置的概率为（㊀㊀）Ａ．１１２０Ｂ．１１６８Ｃ．１２４０Ｄ．１７２０Ｅ．３１０００１３．某居民小区决定投资１５万元修建停车位，据测算，修建一个室内车位的费用为５０００元，修建一个室外车位的费用为１０００元，考虑到实际因素，计划室外车位的数量不少于室内车位的２倍，也不多于室内车位的３倍，这笔投资最多可建车位的数量为（㊀㊀）Ａ．７８Ｂ．７４Ｃ．７２Ｄ．７０１４．如图２，长方形ＡＢＣＤ的两边分别为８米和６米，四边形ＯＥＦＧ的面积是４平方米，则阴影部分的面积为（㊀㊀）Ａ．３２平方米Ｂ．２８平方米Ｃ．２４平方米Ｄ．２０平方米Ｅ．１６平方米１５．在一次竞猜活动中，设有５关，如果连续通过２关就算闯关成功，小王通过每关的概率都是１２，他闯关成功的概率为（㊀㊀）Ａ．１８Ｂ．１４Ｃ．３８Ｄ．４８Ｅ．１９３２二㊁条件充分性判断：第１６ ２５小题，每小题３分，共３０分．要求判断每题给出的条件（１）和条件（２）能否充分支持题干所陈述的结论．Ａ㊁Ｂ㊁Ｃ㊁Ｄ㊁Ｅ五个选项为判断结果，请选择一项符合试题要求的判断．Ａ．条件（１）充分，但条件（２）不充分．Ｂ．条件（２）充分，但条件（１）不充分．Ｃ．条件（１）和（２）单独都不充分，但条件（１）和条件（２）联合起来充分．Ｄ．条件（１）充分，条件（２）也充分．Ｅ．条件（１）和（２）单独都不充分，条件（１）和条件（２）联合起来也不充分．１６．ａａ－ｂȡａ（ａ－ｂ）．（１）实数ａ＞０．１７．有偶数位来宾．（１）聚会时所有来宾都被安排坐在一张圆桌周围，且每位来宾与其邻座性别不同．（２）聚会时男宾人数是女宾人数的两倍．１８．售出一件甲商品比售出一件乙商品利润要高．（１）售出５件甲商品，４件乙商品，共获利５０元．（２）售出４件甲商品，５件乙商品，共获利４７元．１９．已知数列｛ａｎ｝为等差数列，公差为ｄ，ａ１＋ａ２＋ａ３＋ａ４＝１２．则ａ４＝０．（１）ｄ＝－２．（２）ａ２＋ａ４＝４．２０．甲企业今年人均成本是去年的６０％．（１）甲企业今年总成本比去年减少２５％，员工人数增加２５％．（２）甲企业今年总成本比去年减少２８％，员工人数增加２０％．２１．该股票涨了．（１）某股票连续三天涨１０％后，又连续三天跌１０％．（２）某股票连续三天跌１０％后，又连续三天涨１０％．２２．某班有５０名学生，其中女生２６名，在某次选拔测试中，有２７名学生未通过．则有９名男生通过．（１）在通过的学生中，女生比男生多５人．（２）在男生中未通过的人数比通过的人数多６人．２３．甲企业一年的总产值为ａＰ［（１＋Ｐ）１２－１］．（１）甲企业１月份的产值为ａ，以后每月产值的增长率为Ｐ．（２）甲企业１月份的产值为ａ２，以后每月产值的增长率为２Ｐ．２４．设ａ，ｂ为非负实数．则ａ＋ｂɤ５４．（１）ａｂɤ１１６．（２）ａ２＋ｂ２ɤ１．２５．如图３，在三角形ＡＢＣ中，已知ＥＦʊＢＣ．则三角形ＡＥＦ的面积等于梯形ＥＢＣＦ的面积．（１）ＡＧ＝２ＧＤ．（２）ＢＣ＝２ＥＦ．三㊁逻辑推理：第２６ ５５小题，每小题２分，共６０分㊂下列每题给出的Ａ㊁Ｂ㊁Ｃ㊁Ｄ㊁Ｅ五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的㊂２６．针对威胁人类健康的甲型Ｈ１Ｎ１流感，研究人员研制出了相应的疫苗，尽管这些疫苗是有效的，但某大学研究人员发现，阿司匹林㊁羟苯基乙酰胺等抑制某些酶的药物会影响疫苗的效果，这位研究人员指出： 如果你使用了阿司匹林或者对乙酰氢基酚，那么你注射疫苗后就必然不会产生良好的抗体反应㊂如果小张注射疫苗后产生了良好的抗体反应，那么根据上述研究结果可以得出以下哪项结论？㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀Ａ．小张服用了阿司匹林，但没有服用对乙酰氢基酚㊂Ｂ．小张没有服用阿司匹林，但感染了Ｈ１Ｎ１流感病毒㊂Ｃ．小张服用了阿司匹林，但没有感染Ｈ１Ｎ１流感病毒㊂Ｄ．小张没有服用阿司匹林，也没有服用对乙酰氨基酚㊂Ｅ．小张服用了对乙酰氨基酚，但没有服用羟苯基乙酰胺㊂２７．为了调查当前人们的识字水平，某实验者列举了２０个词语，请３０位文化人士识读，这些人的文化程度都在大专以上㊂识读结果显示，多数人只读对３ ５个词语，极少数人读对１５个以上，甚至有人全部读错㊂其中， 蹒跚 的辨识率最高，３０人中有１９人读对； 呱呱坠地 所有人都读错㊂２０个词语的整体误读率接近８０％㊂该实验者由此得出，当前人们的识字水平并没有提高，甚至有所下降㊂以下哪项如果为真，最能对该实验者的结论构成质疑？Ａ．实验者选取的２０个词语不具有代表性㊂Ｂ．实验者选取的３０位识读者均没有博士学位㊂Ｃ．实验者选取的２０个词语在网络流行语言中不常用㊂Ｄ． 呱呱坠地 这个词的读音有些大学老师也经常读错㊂Ｅ．实验者选取的３０位识读者中约有５０％大学成绩不佳㊂２８．域控制器存储了域内的账户㊁密码和属于这个域的计算机三项信息㊂当计算机接入网络时，域控制器首先要鉴别这台计算机是否属于这个域，用户使用的登录账户是否存在，密码是否正确㊂如果三项信息均正确，则允许登录：如果以上信息有一项不正确，那么域控制器就会拒绝这个用户从这台计算机登录㊂小张的登录账号是正确的，但是域控制器拒绝小张的计算机登录㊂基于以上陈述能得出以下哪项结论？Ａ．小张输入的密码是错误的㊂Ｂ．小张的计算机不属于这个域㊂Ｃ．如果小张的计算机属于这个域，那么他输入的密码是错误的㊂Ｄ．只有小张输入的密码是正确的，他的计算机才属于这个域㊂Ｅ．如果小张输入的密码是正确的，那么他的计算机属于这个域㊂２９．现在越来越多的人拥有了自己的轿车，但他们明显地缺乏汽车保养的基本知识，这些人会按照维修保养手册或４Ｓ店售后服务人员的提示做定期保养㊂可是，某位有经验的司机会告诉你，每行驶５０００公里做一次定期检查，只能检查出汽车可能存在问题的一小部分，这样的检查是没有意义的，是浪费时间和金钱㊂以下哪项不能削弱该司机的结论？Ａ．每行驶５０００公里做一次定期检查是保障车主安全所需要的㊂Ｂ．每行驶５０００公里做一次定期检查能发现引擎的某些主要故障㊂Ｃ．在定期检查中所做的常规维护是保证汽车正常运行所必需的㊂Ｄ．赵先生的新车未做定期检查行驶到５１００公里时出了问题㊂Ｅ．某公司新购的一批汽车未做定期检查，均安全行驶了７０００公里以上㊂３０．化学课上，张老师演示了两个同时进行的教学实验：一个实验是ＫＣｌＯ３，加热后，有Ｏ２缓慢产生；另一个实验是ＫＣｌＯ３加热后迅速撒入少量ＭｎＯ２，这时立即有大量的Ｏ２产生㊂张老师由此指出：ＭｎＯ２是Ｏ２快速产生的原因㊂以下哪项与张老师得出结论的方法类似？Ａ．同一品牌的化妆品价格越高卖得越火㊂由此可见，消费者喜欢价格高的化妆品㊂Ｂ．居里夫人在沥青矿物中提取放射性元素时发现，从一定量的沥青矿物中提取的全部纯铀的放射线强度比同等数量的沥青矿物中放射线强度低数倍㊂她据此推断：沥青矿物中存在其它放射性更强的元素㊂Ｃ．统计分析发现：３０岁至６０岁之间，年纪越大胆子越小，有理由相信：岁月是勇敢的腐蚀剂㊂Ｄ．将闹钟放在玻璃罩中，使它打铃，可以听到铃声：然后把玻璃罩中的空气抽空，再使闹钟打铃，就听不到铃声了㊂由此可见，空气是声音传播的介质㊂Ｅ．人们通过对绿藻㊁蓝藻㊁红藻的大量观察，发现结构简单㊁无根叶是藻类植物的主要特征㊂３１．湖队是不可能进入决赛的㊂如果湖队进入决赛，那么太阳就从西边出来了㊂以下哪项与上述论证方式最相似？Ａ．今天天气不冷㊂如果冷，湖面怎么结冰了？Ｂ．语言是不能创造财富的㊂若语言能够创造财富，则夸夸其谈的人就是世界上最富有的人了㊂Ｃ．草木之生也柔脆，其死也枯槁㊂故坚强者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒㊂Ｄ．天上是不会掉馅饼的㊂如果你不相信这一点，那么上当受骗是迟早的事㊂Ｅ．古典音乐不流行㊂如果流行，那么就说明大众的音乐欣赏水平大大提高了㊂３２．在某次课程教学改革的研讨会上，负责工程类数学的程老师说，在工程设计中，用于解决数学问题的计算机程序越来越多了，这样就不必要求工程技术类大学生对基础数学有深刻的理解㊂因此，在未来的教学体系中，基础数学课程可以用其他重要的工程类课程替代㊂以下哪项如果为真，能削弱程老师的上述论证？Ⅰ．工程类基础课程中已经包含了相关的基础数学内容㊂Ⅱ．在工程设计中，设计计算机程序需要对基础数学有全面的理解㊂Ⅲ．基础数学课程的一个重要目标是培养学生的思维能力，这种能力对工程设计来说很关键㊂Ａ．只有Ⅱ㊂Ｂ．只有Ⅰ和Ⅱ㊂Ｃ．只有Ⅰ和Ⅲ㊂Ｄ．只有Ⅱ和Ⅲ㊂Ｅ．Ⅰ㊁Ⅱ和Ⅲ㊂３３．蟋蟀是一种非常有趣的小动物，宁静的夏夜，草丛中传来阵阵清脆悦耳的鸣叫声，那是蟋蟀在歌唱㊂蟋蟀优美动听的歌声并不是出自它的好嗓子，而是来自它的翅膀㊂左右两翅一张一合，相互摩擦，就可以发出悦耳的声响了㊂蟋蟀还是建筑专家，与它那柔软的挖掘工具相比，蟋蟀的住宅真可以算得上是伟大的工程了㊂在其住宅门口，有一个收拾得非常舒适的平台㊂夏夜，除非下雨或刮风，否则蟋蟀肯定会在这个平台上歌唱㊂根据以上陈述，以下哪项是蟋蟀在无雨的夏夜所做的？Ａ．修建住宅㊂Ｂ．收拾平台㊂Ｃ．在平台上唱歌㊂Ｄ．如果没有刮风，它就在抢修工程㊂Ｅ．如果没有刮风，它就在平台上唱歌㊂３４．一般认为，出生地间隔较远的夫妻所生的子女智商较高㊂有资料显示，夫妻均为本地人，其所生子女的平均智商为１０２．４５；夫妻是省内异地的，其所生子女的平均智商为１０６．１７；而隔省婚配的，其所生子女的智商则高达１０９．３５㊂因此，异地通婚可提高下一代的智商水平㊂以下哪项如果为真，最能削弱上述结论？Ａ．统计孩子平均智商的样本数量不够多㊂Ｂ．不难发现，一些天才儿童的父母均是本地人㊂Ｃ．不难发现，一些低智商儿童父母的出生地间隔较远㊂Ｄ．能够异地通婚者是智商比较高的，他们自身的高智商促成了异地通婚㊂Ｅ．一些情况下，夫妻双方出生地间隔很远，但他们的基因可能接近㊂３５．成品油生产商的利润很大程度上受国际市场原油价格的影响，因为大部分原油是按国际市场价购进的㊂近年来，随着国际原油市场价格的不断提高，成品油生产商的运营成本大幅度增加，但某国成品油生产商的利润并没有减少，反而增加了㊂以下哪项如果为真，最有助于解释上述看似矛盾的现象？Ａ．原油成本只占成品油生产商运营成本的一半㊂Ｂ．该国成品油价格根据市场供需确定㊂随着国际原油市场价格的上涨，该国政府为成品油生产商提供相应补贴㊂Ｃ．在国际原油市场价格不断上涨期间，该国成品油生产商降低了个别高薪雇员的工资㊂Ｄ．在国际原油市场价格上涨之后，除进口成本增加以外，成品油生产的其他运营成本也有所提高㊂Ｅ．该国成品油生产商的原油有一部分来自国内，这部分受国际市场价格波动影响较小㊂３６．太阳风中的一部分带电粒子可以到达Ｍ星表面，将足够的能量传递给Ｍ星表面粒子，使后者脱离Ｍ星表面，逃逸到Ｍ星大气中㊂为了判定这些逃逸的粒子，科学家们通过三个实验获得了如下信息：实验一：或者是ｘ粒子，或者是ｙ粒子㊂实验二：或者不是ｙ粒子，或者不是ｚ粒子㊂实验三：如果不是ｚ粒子，就不是ｙ粒子㊂根据以上三个实验，以下哪项一定为真？Ａ．这种粒子是ｘ粒子㊂Ｂ．这种粒子是ｙ粒子㊂Ｃ．这种粒子是ｚ粒子㊂Ｄ．这种粒子不是ｘ粒子㊂Ｅ．这种粒子不是ｚ粒子㊂３７．美国某大学医学院研究人员在‘儿科杂志“上发表论文指出，在对２７０２个家庭的孩子进行跟踪调查后发现，如果孩子在５岁前每天看电视超过２小时，他们长大后出现行为问题的风险将会增加１倍多㊂所谓行为问题是指性格孤僻㊁言行粗鲁㊁侵犯他人㊁难与他人合作等㊂以下哪项如果为真，最能解释上述结论？Ａ．电视节目会使孩子产生好奇心，容易导致孩子出现暴力倾向㊂Ｂ．电视节目中有不少内容容易使孩子长时间处于紧张㊁恐惧的状态㊂Ｃ．看电视时间过长，会影响儿童与他人的交往，久而久之，孩子便会缺乏与他人打交道的经验㊂Ｄ．儿童模仿力强，如果只对电视节目感兴趣，长此以往，会阻碍他们分析能力的发展㊂Ｅ．每天长时间地看电视，容易使孩子神经系统产生疲劳，影响身心健康发展㊂３８．一种常见的现象是，从国外引进的一些畅销科普读物在国内并不畅销，有人对此解释说，这与我们多年来沿袭的文理分科有关㊂文理分科人为的造成了自然科学与人文社会科学的割裂，导致科普类图书的读者市场还没有真正形成㊂以下哪项如果为真，最能加强上述观点？Ｂ．科普读物不是没有需求，而是有效供给不足㊂Ｃ．由于缺乏理科背景，非自然科学工作者对科学敬而远之㊂Ｄ．许多科普电视节目都拥有固定的收视群，相应的科普读物也就大受欢迎㊂Ｅ．国内大部分科普读物只是介绍科学常识，很少真正关注科学精神的传播㊂３９．奥尔特星云浮游在太阳系边缘，极易受附近星体引力作用的影响㊂据研究人员计算，有时这些力量会将彗星从奥尔特星云拖出㊂这样，它们更有可能靠近太阳㊂两位研究人员据此分别作出了以下两种有所不同的断定：一㊁木星的引力作用要么将它们推至更小的轨道，要么将它们逐出太阳系；二㊁木星的引力作用或者将它们推至更小的轨道，或者将它们逐出太阳系㊂如果上述两种断定只有一种为真，可以推出以下哪项结论？Ａ．木星的引力作用将它们推至更小的轨道，并且将它们逐出太阳系㊂Ｂ．木星的引力作用没有将它们推至更小的轨道，但是将它们逐出太阳系㊂Ｃ．木星的引力作用将它们推至更小的轨道，但是没有将它们逐出太阳系㊂Ｄ．木星的引力作用既没有将它们推至更小的轨道，也没有将它们逐出太阳系㊂Ｅ．木星的引力作用如果将它们推至更小的轨道，就不会将它们逐出太阳系㊂４０．鸽子走路时，头部并不是有规律的前后移动，而是一直在往前伸㊂行走时，鸽子脖子往前一探，然后头部保持静止，等待着身体和爪子跟进㊂有学者曾就鸽子走路时伸脖子的现象作出假设：在等待身体跟进的时候，暂时静止的头部有利于鸽子获得稳定的视野，看清周围的食物㊂以下哪项如果为真，最能支持上述假设？Ａ．鸽子行走时如果不伸脖子，很难发现远处的食物㊂Ｂ．步伐大的鸟类，伸缩脖子的幅度远比步伐小的要大㊂Ｃ．鸽子行走速度的变化，刺激内耳控制平衡的器官，导致伸脖子㊂Ｄ．鸽子行走时一举翅一投足，都可能出现脖子和头部肌肉的自然发射，所以头部不断运动㊂Ｅ．如果雏鸽步态受到限制，功能发育不够完善，那么，成年后鸽子的步伐变小，脖子伸缩幅度则会随之降低㊂４１．Ｓ市环保检测中心的统计分析表明，２００９年空气质量为优的天数为１５０天，比２００８多出２２天；二氧化碳㊁一氧化碳㊁二氧化氮㊁可吸入颗粒物四项污染物浓度平均值，与２００８年相比分别下降了约２１．３％㊁２５．６％㊁２６．２％㊁１５．４％㊂Ｓ市环保负责人指出，这得益于近年来本市政府持续采取的控制大气污染的相关措施㊂以下除哪项外，均能支持上述Ｓ市环保负责人的看法？Ａ．Ｓ市广泛展开环保宣传，加强了市民的生态理念和环保意识㊂Ｂ．Ｓ市启动了内部控制污染方案，凡是排放不达标的燃煤锅炉停止运行㊂Ｃ．Ｓ市执行了机动车排放国Ⅳ标准，单车排放比国Ⅲ降低了４９％㊂Ｄ．Ｓ市市长办公室最近研究了焚烧秸秆的问题，并着手制定相关条例㊂Ｅ．Ｓ市制定了 绿色企业 标准，继续加快污染重㊁能耗高的企业的退出㊂４２．在某次思维训练课上，张老师提出 尚左数 这一概念的定义：在连续排列的一组数字中，如果一个数字左边的数字都比其大（或无数字），且其右边的数字都比其小（或无数字），则称这个数字为尚左数㊂根据张老师的定义，在８㊁９㊁７㊁６㊁４㊁５㊁３㊁２这列数字中，以下哪项包含了该列数字中所有的尚左数？Ｃ．３㊁６㊁７和８㊂Ｄ．５㊁６㊁７和８㊂Ｅ．２㊁３㊁６和８４３．一般认为，剑乳齿象是从北美洲迁入南美洲的㊂剑乳齿象的显著特征是具有较真的长剑形门齿，颚骨较短，臼齿的齿冠隆起，齿板数目为７ ８个，并呈乳状凸起，剑乳齿象因此得名㊂剑乳齿象的牙齿结构比较复杂，这表明它能吃草㊂在南美洲的许多地方都有证据显示史前人类捕捉过剑乳齿象㊂由此可以推测，剑乳齿象的灭绝可能与人类的过度捕杀有密切关系㊂以下哪项如果为真，最能反驳上述论证？Ａ．史前动物之间经常发生大规模相互捕杀的现象㊂Ｂ．剑乳齿象在遇到人类攻击时缺乏自我保护能力㊂Ｃ．剑齿乳象也存在由南美洲进入北美洲的回迁现象㊂Ｄ．由于人类活动范围的扩大，大型食草动物难以生存㊂Ｅ．幼年剑齿乳象的牙齿结构比较简单，自我生存能力弱㊂４４．小东在玩 勇士大战 游戏，进入第二关时，界面出现四个选项㊂第一个选项是 选择任意选项都需支付游戏币 ，第二个选项是 选择本项后可以得到额外游戏奖励 ，第三个选项是 选择本项后游戏不会进行下去 ，第四个选项是 选择某个选项不需要支付游戏币 ㊂如果四个选项中的陈述只有一句为真，则以下哪项一定为真？Ａ．选择任意选项都需支付游戏币㊂Ｂ．选择任意选项都无需支付游戏币㊂Ｃ．选择任意选项都不能得到额外游戏奖励㊂Ｄ．选择第二个选项后可以得到额外游戏奖励㊂Ｅ．选择第三个选项后游戏能继续进行下去㊂４５．有位美国学者做了一个实验，给被试儿童看三幅图画：鸡，牛，青草，然后让儿童将其分为两类㊂结果大部分中国儿童把牛和青草归为一类，把鸡归为另一类；大部分美国儿童则把牛和鸡归为一类，把青草归为另一类㊂这位美国学者由此得出：中国儿童习惯于按照事物之间的关系来分类，美国儿童则习惯于把事物按照各自所属的 实体 范畴进行分类㊂以下哪项是这位学者得出结论所必须假设的？Ａ．马和青草是按照事物之间的关系被列为一类㊂Ｂ．鸭和鸡蛋是按照各自所属的 实体 范畴被归为一类㊂Ｃ．美国儿童只要把牛和鸡归为一类，就是习惯于按照各自所属 实体 范畴进行分类㊂Ｄ．美国儿童只要把牛和鸡归为一类，就不是习惯于按照事物之间的关系来分类㊂Ｅ．中国儿童只要把牛和青草归为一类，就不是习惯于按照各自所属 实体 范畴进行分类㊂４６．相互尊重是相互理解的基础，相互理解是相互信任的前提；在人与人的相互交往中，自重㊁自信也是非常重要，没有一个人尊重不自重的人，没有一个人信任他所不尊重的人㊂以上陈述可以推出以下哪项结论？Ａ．不自重的人也不被任何人信任㊂Ｂ．相互信任才能相互尊重㊂Ｃ．不自信的人也不自重㊂Ｄ．不自信的人也不被任何人信任㊂Ｅ．不自信的人也不受任何人尊重㊂学长：你去书店问问工作人员，关于ＩＱ和ＥＱ的书哪类销得快，哪类就更重要㊂以下哪项与上述题干中的问答方式最为相似？Ａ．员工：我们正制订一个度假方案，你说是在本市好，还是去外地好？经理：现在年终了，各公司都在安排出去旅游，你去问问其他公司的同行，他们计划去哪里，我们就不去哪里，不凑热闹㊂Ｂ．平平：母亲节那天我准备给妈妈送一样礼物，你说是送花好还是巧克力好？佳佳：你在母亲节前一天去花店看一下，看看买花的人多不多就行了嘛㊂Ｃ．顾客：我准备买一件毛衣，你看颜色是鲜艳一点好，还是素一点好？店员：这个需要结合自己的性格与穿衣习惯，各人可以有自己的选择与喜好㊂Ｄ．游客：我们前面有两条山路，走哪一条更好？导游：你仔细看一看，哪一条山路上的车马痕迹深，我们就走哪一条㊂Ｅ．学生：我正在准备期末复习，是做教材上的练习重要还是理解教材内容更重要？老师：你去问问高年级得分高的同学，他们是否经常背书做练习㊂４８．李赫㊁张岚㊁林宏㊁何柏㊁邱辉五位同事，近日他们各自买了一辆不同品牌的小轿车，分别为雪铁龙，奥迪，宝马，奔驰，桑塔纳㊂这五辆车的颜色分别与五人名字最后一个字谐音的颜色不同㊂已知李赫买的是蓝色的雪铁龙㊂以下哪项排列可能依次对应张岚㊁林宏㊁何柏㊁邱辉所买的车？Ａ．灰色的奥迪，白色的宝马，灰色的奔驰，红色的桑塔纳㊂Ｂ．黑色的奥迪，红色的宝马，灰色的奔驰，白色的桑塔纳㊂Ｃ．红色的奥迪，灰色的宝马，白色的奔驰，黑色的桑塔纳㊂Ｄ．白色的奥迪，黑色的宝马，红色的奔驰，灰色的桑塔纳㊂Ｅ．黑色的奥迪，灰色的宝马，白色的奔驰，红色的桑塔纳㊂４９．克鲁特是德国家喻户晓的 明星 北极熊，北极熊是名副其实的北极霸主，因此，克鲁特是名副其实的北极霸主㊂以下除哪项外，均与上述论证中出现的谬误相似？Ａ．儿童是祖国的花朵，小雅是儿童，因此，小雅是祖国的花朵㊂Ｂ．鲁迅的作品不是一天能读完的，‘祝福“是鲁迅的作品，因此，‘祝福“不是一天能读完的㊂Ｃ．中国人是不怕困难的，我是中国人，因此，我是不怕困难的㊂Ｄ．康怡花园座落在清水街，清水街的建筑属于违章建筑，因此，康怡花园的建筑属于违章建筑㊂Ｅ．西班牙是外语，外语是普通高等学校招生的必考科目㊂因此，西班牙语是普通高校招生的必考科目㊂５０．在本年度篮球联赛中，长江队主教练发现，黄河队５名主力队员之间的上场配置有如下规律：（１）若甲上场，则乙也要上场；（２）只有甲不上场，丙才不上场；（３）要么丙不上场，要么乙和戊中有人不上场；（４）或者丁上场，或者乙上场㊂若乙不上场，则以下哪项配置合乎上述规律？Ａ．甲㊁丙㊁丁同时上场㊂Ｂ．丙不上场，丁㊁戊同时上场㊂Ｃ．甲不上场，丙㊁丁都上场㊂Ｄ．甲㊁丁都上场，戊不上场㊂。