高考英语二轮复习讲义NO.2再研考点第一层级第四讲动词

第四讲动词动词是历年高考的必考点，对动词有关知识的掌握是考生在语法填空和短文改错两种题型中得高分的关键。

动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语形式的变化(如时态、语态和虚拟语气)、非谓语形式的变化(如不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词)及主谓一致。

语法填空和短文改错两种题型对动词的考查基本围绕动词的上述形式变化而设题。

谓语动词的形式变化主要有时态、语态、语气和主谓一致。

语法填空主要考查形式为给出提示词——动词，主要考查时态、语态和主谓一致(语法一致、意义一致和就近一致)；短文改错主要考查这三种形式的误用。

虚拟语气虽然在语法填空与短文改错中鲜有考查，但在写作中属于高级句式，它的合理运用能给作文增色添彩，因此在二轮备考中，考生也应加强对这一部分知识的学习。

(一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空)My best friend Kaiya is like me. She 1.________ (remind) me of myself. In the past, I 2.________ (be) never confident because of my appearance. People always laughed at my weight, my height, my hairstyle, etc. At that time, I was the shortest student in my class. I started getting depressed. However, someone told me something that I will always remember.It was in March. Surrounded by a group of girls who 3.________ (point) at me and laughed at me, I couldn't help crying. The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river. To my surprise, someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes.I then knew it was our English teacher, Miss Li. She said, “You 4.________ (be) perfect the way you are. Y ou should never change or hate yourself. People 5.________ (accept) you for who you 6.________ (be). But if you cannot accept yourself, then how will other people accept you？” I 7.________ (inspire) by her words. Over the past few months, I 8.________ (learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws. Now I have wonderful friends who 9.________ (love) me for who I am.Now, seeing Kaiya cry, I decide to tell her the same thing Miss Li 10.________ (tell) me.答案：1.reminds 2.was 3.pointed 4.are 5.will accept 6.are7.was inspired8.have learned9.love10.told(二)快捷技法思考趋向1填谓语动词的时态和语态变化提示词是动词，且空格位于主语之后，分析句子成分后发现句中找不到谓语，则所给动词应该作谓语，此时要结合语境考虑动词的时态和语态变化。

[解题规则]1．如何确定谓语动词的时态方法(1)通过“时态定义”解决时态问题准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。

方法(2)通过“标志性时间状语”解决时态问题在题干中，yesterday, tomorrow, always, in the past few years, so far等都是判断动词时态常用的标志性时间状语，做题时可以通过寻找“标志性时间状语”来判定时态。

方法(3)通过“动作先后关系”解决时态问题当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，它们的发生时间有一定的先后关系。

我们可以根据这种先后关系来判定时态。

方法(4)通过“语境暗示”解决时态问题有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示，也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。

方法(5)通过“常用句式”解决时态问题掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。

2．如何确定谓语动词的语态确定谓语动词的语态，需要在弄懂句子基本意思的前提下才能完成。

分析语境，弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系是确定谓语动词语态的关键。

如果所给动词的主语是这个动作的执行者，该动词就用主动语态；如所给动词的主语是这个动词的承受者，该动词就用被动语态。

注意：平时多积累、掌握一些动词(短语)的特殊用法，例如belong to不用于进行时和被动语态；date back to/date from常用于一般现在时等。

思考趋向2填谓语动词的主谓一致变化除了要考虑谓语动词的时态和语态的变化外，还要考虑主谓一致的变化。

[解题规则]1．可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数。

2．在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。

3．非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。

但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。

4．就近原则：由either ...or ..., neither ...nor ..., not only ...but (also) ...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

5．就远原则：主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。

6．“every/each ＋可数名词单数＋and＋(every/each＋)可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

7．more than one或“many a＋可数名词单数”结构作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

思考趋向3填谓语动词的虚拟语气变化确定空格处作谓语动词后，除了考虑时态、语态和主谓一致外，还要结合语境考虑动词的虚拟语气变化。

[解题规则]1．虚拟语气在非真实条件从句中的用法(1)在suggest, order, demand, command, request, require, insist, desire, urge, recommend等动词后的宾语从句中，要用“(should＋)动词原形”来表示愿望、建议、命令、要求等；由上述动词派生或转化的名词的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式。

(2)在“It is/was＋某些形容词/过去分词＋that从句”句型中，that从句常用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为“should＋动词原形”。

这些形容词有important, vital, significant, necessary, natural, strange, astonishing, surprising等。

过去分词有desired, suggested, required, requested, recommended, ordered等。

(3)在“It is (about/high) time＋that从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气。

这个句型中的should不可省略。

(4)在as if/as though引导的从句及wish引导的宾语从句中，与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式；与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”；与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用“would/could＋动词原形”。

(5)在would rather后面的宾语从句中，表示与现在或将来事实相反，从句用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。

(一)考点练悟下文中共有8处错误，每句中最多有两处。

请找出并改正。

It was getting dark when I get home. It was cold and I was worn a coat. I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket to take out my key but I can not find it. I suddenly remembered that I left it on my desk in the office. It really didn't make any difference. I knew my wife is at home and the children must have come back from school by now, so I knock at the door.There was no answer, so I knocked again. I continued knocking at the door for some time. I was getting angry. Then I remembered something the office boy told me at noon. He said that my wife had phoned saying that she will go shopping in the afternoon with the children.There was only one thing for me to do: I had to climb in through a window.答案：第一句：get→got第二句：worn→wearing第三句：can→could第四句：left前加had第六句：is→was; knock→knocked第十句：told前加had第十一句：will→would(二)快捷技法思考趋向1检查几种容易错用的时态是否存在错用情况在分析句子成分确定了谓语动词后，如果存在下面的几种时态，要仔细分析比对其用法区别，看是否有时态错用。