2003年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试试题
2003年全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷及答案
2003年全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷及答案Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B, and Part C.Remember, while you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to Answer Sheet I.Now look at Part At your test booklet.Part ADirections:For Question 1-5, you will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Art. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write Only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.(5 points)Boston Museum of Fine Arts Founded( year ) 1870 Opened to the public( year ) Question 1Moved to the current location ( year ) 1909 The west wing completed( year ) Question 2 Number of departments 9 The most remarkable department Question 3Exhibition Space ( m2 ) Question 4 Approximate number of visitors/year 800,000 Programs provided classes lectures Question 5 films Part BDirectionsFor Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with an expert on marriage problems. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. USe not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. ( 5 points )What should be the primary source of help for a troubled couple? __________ . Question 6Writing down a list of problems in the marriage may help a troubled couple discuss them_______ . Question 7Who should a couple consider seriously turning to if they can’t talk with each other? _________ . Question 8Priests are usually unsuccessful in counseling troubled couples despite their _______ . Question 9According to the old notion, what will make hearts grow fonder? _______. Question 10Part CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A,B,C or D . After listening, you will have time to check your answers you will hear each piece once only. ( 10 points )Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about napping, you now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.11. Children under five have abundant energy partly because they _________ .A. Sleep in three distinct parts.B. have many five-minute naps.C. sleep in one long block.D. take one or two naps daily.12. According to the speaker, the sleep pattern of a baby is determined by_______ .A. its genesB. its habitC. its mental stateD. its physical condition13. The talk suggests that, if you feel sleepy through the day, youshould______ .A. take some refreshment.B. go to bed earlyC. have a long restD. give in to sleep.Questions 14-16 are based on the following interview with Sherman Alexie. an American Indian poet.You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16. 14. Why did Sherman Alexie only take day jobs?A. he Could bring unfinished work home.B. He might have time to pursue his interests.C. He might do some evening teaching.D. He could invest more emotion in his family.15.What was his original goal at college?A. to teach in high school .B. to write his own books.C. to be a medical doctor.D. to be a mathematician.16. Why did he take the poetry-writing class?A. To follow his father.B. For an easy grade.C. To change his specialty.D. For knowledge of poetry.Questions 17-20 are based on the following talk about publicspeaking. you know have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.17. What is the most important thing in public speaking ?A. Confidence.B. Preparation.C. Informativeness.D. Organization.18. What does the speaker advise us to do to capture the audi ence’s attention？A. Gather abundant data.B. Organize the idea logically.C. Develop a great opening.D. Select appropriate material. 19. If you don’t start working for the presentation until the day before, you will feel _____ .A. uneasyB. uncertainC. frustratedD. depressed20. Who is this speech ,ost probably meant for?A. Those interested in the power of persuasion.B. Those trying to improve their public image.C. Those planning to take up some public work.D. Those eager to become effective speakers.You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-concious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which thereare more winners than losers, 28 ,publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guity and without letting the other participants 37 . this does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibity. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and byshavingsclearly stated rules.21. A. thought B.idea C. opinion D. advice22. A. strengthen B. accommodate C. stimulate D. enhance23. A. care B. nutrition C. exercise D. leisure24. A. If B. Although C. Whereas D. Because25. A. assistance B. guidance C. confidence D. tolerance26. A. claimed B. admired C. ignored D. surpassed27. A. improper B. risky C. fair D. wise28. A. in effect B. as a result C. for example D. in a sense29. A. displaying B. describing C. creating D. exchanging30. A. durable B. exessive C. surplus D. multiple31. A.sgroupsB. individual C. personnel D. corporation32. A. consent B. insurance C. admission D. security33. A. particularly B. barely C. definitely D. rarely34. A. similiar B. long C. different D. short35. A. if only B. now that C. so that D. even if36. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something37. A. off B. down C. out D. alone38. A. On the contrary B. On the average C. On the whole D. On the other hand39. A. making B. standing C. planning D. taking40. A. capability B. responsibility C. proficiency D. efficiency21-25 DBCC?C26-30 BDCAD31-35 B?CBCC36-40 DBACASection III Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following fore texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANAWER SHEET 1(40 points)Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game “ of espionage-----spying as a “profession.” These days the Net, which has already re-made pastimes as buying books and sending mail, isreshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.The last revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the world wide web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. in 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying(covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straifford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster’s dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a cr isis in Ukraine.” As soon as that report runs, we’ll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a former politicalscience professor. “And we’ll hear back from some of them.” Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That ‘sswheresStraitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm’s outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.41. The emergence of the Net hasA. received support from fans like Donovan.B. remolded the intelligence services.C. restored many common pastimes.D. revived spying as a profession.42.Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text toA. introduce the topic of online spying.B. show how he fought for the U.S.C. give an episode of the information war.D. honor his unique services to the CIA.43.The phrase“making the biggest splash”(line 1,paragraph 3)most probably meansA. causing the biggest trouble.B. exerting the greatest effort.C. achieving the greatest success.D. enjoying the widest popularity.44.It can be learned from paragraph 4 thatA. Straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true.B. Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information.C. Straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability.D. Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information.45.Straitford is most proud of itsA. official status.B. nonconformist image.C. efficient staff.D. military background.BACDBText 2 To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.”One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances inhealth knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied,“Then I would have to say yes.”Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said,“Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.”Such well-meaning people just don’s understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement, a father’s bypass operation a baby’s vaccinations, and even a pet’s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could“adopt”middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters tothe editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.46.The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words toA. call on scientists to take some actions.B. criticize the misguided cause of animal rights.C. warn of the doom of biomedical research.D. show the triumph of the animal rights movement.47.Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research isA. cruel but natural.B. inhuman and unacceptable.C. inevitable but vicious.D. pointless and wasteful.48.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’sA. discontent with animal research.B. ignorance about medical science.C. indifference to epidemics.D. anxiety about animal rights.49.The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists shouldA. communicate more with the public.B. employ hi-tech means in research.C. feel no shame for their cause.D. strive to develop new cures.50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper isA. a well-known humanist.B. a medical practitioner.C. an enthusiast in animal rights.D. a supporter of animal research.ABBADText 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, mergingsintossuper systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995,the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a seriesof mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone’s cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It’s theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining whichcompanies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be his with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes. still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the .2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail’s net railway operating income in 1996 was just million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who’s going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.51.According to those who support mergers railway monopoly is unlikely becauseA. cost reduction is based on competition.B. services call for cross-trade coordination.C. outside competitors will continue to exist.D. shippers will have the railway by the throat.52.What is many captive shippers’ attitude towards the consolidationin the rail industry?A. Indifferent.B. Supportive.C. Indignant.D. Apprehensive.53.It can be inferred from paragraph 3 thatA. shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.B. there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.C. overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.D. a government board ensures fair play in railway business.54.The word“arbiters”(line 7,paragraph 4)most probably refers to thoseA. who work as coordinators.B. who function as judges.C. who supervise transactions.D. who determine the price.55.According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused byA. the continuing acquisition.B. the growing traffic.C. the cheering Wall Street.D. the shrinking market.CCDBAText 4 It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minuts surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death-and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s u seless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians-frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient-too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In1950, the U.S. spent .7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care thatsustains life beyond a certain age-----say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm“have a duty todie and get out of the way”,so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78,Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53.Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her 70s,and former surgeon general C.Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old,I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s lives.56.What is implied in the first sentence?A. Americans are better prepared for death than other people.B. Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.C. Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.D. Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.57.The author uses the example of caner patients to show thatA. medical resources are often wasted.B. doctors are helpless against fatal diseases.C. some treatments are too aggressive.D. medical costs are becoming unaffordable.58.The author’s attitude to ward Richard Lamm’s remark is one ofA. strong disapproval.B. reserved consent.C. slight contempt.D. enthusiastic support.59.In contras to the U.S. ,Japan and Sweden are funding their medical careA. more flexibly.B. more extravagantly.C .more cautiously.D. more reasonably.60.The text intends to express the idea thatA medicine will further prolong people’s lives.B. life beyond a certain limit is not worth living.C. death should be accepted as a fact of life.D. excessive demands increase the cost of health care.DABDCPart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and the translate the underlines segmentssintosChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.(61)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology”derives from the Greek words“anthropos”:“human”and logos“the study of.”By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences.(62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and theirendeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned(原文如此) manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.(63)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science.(64)Tylor defined culture as“…that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”This insight, so profound in its simplicity, ope ned up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned. shared, and patterned behavior.(65)Thus, the anthropological concept of“culture,”like the conceptof“set”in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.Section IV Writing66.Directions:1) describe the set of drawings, Interpret its meaning, and2) point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)参考答案：Section I Listening ComprehensionPart A1.18762.19813.textiles4.19,1375.concertsPart B (5 points)6.(the couple) themselves7.constructively8.a qualified psychologist9.good intentions10.absencePart C (10points)11.D12.A13.D14.B15.C16.B17.B18.C19.A 20.DSection II Use of English21.A22.B23.C24.D25.C26.B27.D28.C29.A30.D31.A32.D33.B34.D35.C36.D37.B38.A39.C 40.ASection III Reading ComprehensionPart A41.B42.A43.C44.D45.B46.A47.B48.B49.A50.D51.C52.D53.C54.B55.A56.C57.A58.B59.D 60.CPart B61.而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。
同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语全国统一考试A卷及答案
这样这种假想就成真了。一旦把快乐起来当成一种职责并养成习惯，将会打开不可思议的神秘“花园”，其中全都是心怀喜意的朋友们。
作文参考范文：
Nowadays more and more people have begun to learn with cellphone.This phenomenon has aroused immediate concern and widespread discussion among the general public. From my perspective, learning with cellphone is of utmost ability and far-reaching significance for our modern people.
From what has been under discussion above, I strongly believe that learning with cellphone is possible and benefits modern people as a whole. Therefore, we should pay much attention to the function of this aspect.Especially those useful softwares and websites.Only in this way can we make full use of phones and be morl Communication(10 points)
1-5 C A B C B
2003年在职申硕(同等学力)英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2003年在职申硕（同等学力）英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 3. V ocabulary 4. Reading Comprehension 5. Cloze 6. Error Detection 7. Translation 9. WritingV ocabularySection ADirections: In this section there are 10 sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1．The very sight of the imposing buildings assured these tourists of the significant changes in this city.A．instinctiveB．impressiveC．institutionalD．imaginary正确答案：B解析：instinctive本能的；impressive给人印象深刻的，感人的；institutional 公共机构的；imaginary想象的。
2．The accepted criteria of adequate diet have been challenged by new discoveries in nutrition.A．formationsB．componentsC．standardsD．ingredients正确答案：C解析：formations机构；components部件，部分；standards标准，标准的；ingredients成分。
03年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语考试题(二)
03年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语考试题（二）03年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语考试题（二） passage 5 nowadays, we hear a lot about the growing threat of globalization, aompanied by those warnings that the rich pattern of local life is being undermined, and manydialects and traditions are being extinct. but stop andthink for a moment about the many positive aspects that globalization is bringing. read on and you are bound tofeel forted, ready to face the global future, which issurely inevitable now.consider the inter, that prime example of our shrinking world. leaving aside the all — to—familiar worries about pornography and political extremism, even the most narrow-minded must admit that the offers immeasurable benefits,not just in terms of education, the sector for which it was originally designed, but more importantly on a global level, the spread of news and ment. it will be increasinglydifficult for politicians to maintain their regimes of misinformation, as the oppressed will not only find support and fort, but also be able to organize themselves more effectively.mtv is another global provider that is often criticized for imposing popular culture on the unsuspecting millionsaround the world. yet the viewers'' judgment on mtv is undoubtedly positive; it is regarded as indispensable bymost of the global teenage generation who watch it, a vital part of growing up. and in the final analysis, what harmcan a few songs and videos cause?is the world dominance of brands like nike and coca—colaso bad for us, when all is said and done? sportswear andsoft drinks are harmless products when pared to the many other things that have been globally available for a longer period of time heroin and cocaine, for example. in any case, just because nike shoes and coke cans are for sale, it doesn’t mean you have to buy them ——even globalization cannot deprive the individual of his free will.critics of globalization can stop issuing their doom and gloom statements. life goes on, and has more to offer for many citizens of the world than it did for their parents'' generation.66. some people feel sad about globalization because they believe it will .a. bring threat to the world peaceb. impact the diversified local lifec. disrupt their present easy life—styled. increase the size of people speaking dialects67. inter was originally designed .a. to promote educationb. to distribute news and mentc. to relieve people of worriesd. to publicize political beliefs68. what is the writer’s attitude towards globalization?a. suspicious.b. positive.c. indifferent.d. contemptuous.69. it is implied in the passage that nike and coca—cola .a. should not bee dominant brandsb. has been ignored by many peoplec. cannot be pared with drugsd. shouldn’t have caused so much concern70. which of the following could be the best title of the passage?a. globalization is standardizationb. globalization: like it or lump itc. globalization: don’t worry, be happyd. globalization brings equalitypart iv cloze (15 minutes, 10 points)directions: in this part, there is a passage with twenty blanks. for each blank there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter on your answer sheet with a singleline through the center.imagine fishermen walking down to the seashore, ready to carry out their early morning routine of preparing their boats and . 71 they hope for a good catch of fish. but to their 72 , a horrible sight meets their still sleepy eyes.thousands of fish have washed 73 dead. the cause of this mass destruction? a red tide!red tides are a global 74. they have been observed on both the atlantic and the pacific coasts of the united states and canada. they have also75 in many other places. though relatively few people are 76 them, red tides are not new. in the philippines, a red tide was first seen in the province of bataan in 1908. since then, red tides have been seen in many other 77. a philippines red tide expert told us that " 78 the fish kills, the philippines has documented 1, 926 cases of dead shellfish poisoning caused by red tides. "the term "red tide" 79 the discoloration of water that sometimes ours in certain areas of the ocean or sea. although the color is often red, it may also be 80 of brown or yellow. the world book encyclopedia reports that "the discolored areas may range from 81 a few square yards to more than 2, 600 square kilometers."what causes such discoloration? red tides are generally caused by several 82 of single—celled organisms. thesetiny organisms have hair—like projections which they use to 83 themselves in water. there are about 2, 000 varieties of these organisms, 30 of which carry poisonous 84. these minute organisms usually stay in warm waters with high content of salt.a red tide ours when there is a sudden and rapid 85 of these organisms. the concentration of these organisms may 86 to 50, 000, 000 per quart of water! although scientists do not fully understand why this happens. it is known that these organisms 87 when certain conditions simultaneously affect the water. these include abnormal weather, 88 temperatures, an oversupply of nutrients in the water, a generous 89 sunlight, and favorable water currents. when a heavy rainfall ours, minerals and other nutrients are sometimes washed 90 the land into coastal waters. these nutrients can contribute to the breeding of the organisms. the result? red tides!71. a. as a result b. as it is c. as expected d. as usual72. a. satisfaction b. disappointment c. astonishment d. regret73. a. ashore b. aboard c. aside d. across74. a. question b. crisis c. phenomenon d. situation75. a. oupied b. ourred c. acquired d. aused76. a. assured of b. worried about c. concerned about d. aware of77. a. sandy beaches b. river mouths c. coastal areas d. reef areas78. a. except b. besides c. despite d. without79. a. applies to b. sums up c. copes with d. leads to80. a. shadows b. shades c. shakes d. shapes81. a, less than b. more than c. as much as d. as little as82. a. ponents b. elements c. ingredients d. species83. a. propel b. probe c. proceed d. prompt84. a. materials b. substances c. masses d. objects85. a. bolt b. block c. bloom d. blast86. a. scale b. plunge c. gauge d. swell87. a. aelerate b. aommodate c. aumulate d. aompany88. a. optimum b. minimum c. maximum d. momentum89. a. means of b. amount of c. way to d. aount for90. a. over b. on c. by d. frompaper two 试卷二(60 minutes)part i error detection and correction (10 minutes, 10 points)directions: each of the following sentences has four underlined parts. these parts are marked a, b, c and d. identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect. then, write down the corresponding letter and, without altering the meaning of the sentence, put the correction on the answer sheet.1. if we'd fought that election on the trade union agenda, we would win a lot more votes than thea b ccampaign issues chosen by the professionals.d2. in modern industrious areas, sociocultural change is ourring at an aelerated rate.a b c d3. although graham spent years struggle against the disapproval of audiences who disliked anda bridiculed her work, the power and substance of her unique vision proved in the endcto be undeniable.d4. following the foundation of new universities at such as places as york and lancaster, hopesa b cfor a university at stamford ran high.d5. at the local level individual authorities, which have rather greater freedom in planning thana b ctheir english counterparts, have been actively in encouraging investment.d6. the detailed study of fossils, rather like a crime investigation, it involves the piecing togethera b cof many diverse fragments of evidence.d7. today, guinness is the world’s widely distributed beer produced in over 40 countries and sella b cin around 130.d8. while the roots of social psychology lie in the intellectual soil of the whole western tradition,ait’s present flowering is recognized to be characteristically an american phenomenon.b c d9. we cannot hardly expect adolescents to have respect for the possessions of others if they havea b cno hope of attaining any of their own.d10. i have given my third and fourth preferences to candidates who, not if exactly "worthless" ,a bknow as well as i do they have no chance of being elected.c dpart ii translation (20 minutes, 10 points)directions: translate the following passage into english. write your translation on the answer sheet.为了成功举办xx年奥运会，北京方案投人230亿美元用于根底设施建立。
2003年考研英语真题及答案
2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B, and Part C.Remember, while you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to Answer Sheet I.Now look at Part At your test booklet.Part ADirections:For Question 1-5, you will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Art. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write Only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.(5 points)Boston Museum of Fine Arts Founded( year ) 1870 Opened to the public( year ) Question 1Moved to the current location ( year ) 1909 The west wing completed( year ) Question 2 Number of departments 9 The most remarkable department Question 3 Exhibition Space ( m2 ) Question 4 Approximate number of visitors/year 800,000 Programs provided classes lectures Question 5 filmsPart BDirectionsFor Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with an expert on marriage problems. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. USe not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. ( 5 points )What should be the primary source of help for a troubled couple? __________ . Question 6Writing down a list of problems in the marriage may help a troubled couple discuss them_______ . Question 7Who should a couple consider seriously turning to if they can't talk with each other? _________ . Question 8Priests are usually unsuccessful in counseling troubled couples despite their _______ . Question 9According to the old notion, what will make hearts grow fonder? _______. Question 10Part CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, youwill have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A,B,C or D . After listening, you will have time to check your answers you will hear each piece once only. ( 10 points )Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about napping, you now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.11. Children under five have abundant energy partly because they _________ .A. Sleep in three distinct parts.B. have many five-minute naps.C. sleep in one long block.D. take one or two naps daily.12. According to the speaker, the sleep pattern of a baby is determined by_______ .A. its genesB. its habitC. its mental stateD. its physical condition13. The talk suggests that, if you feel sleepy through the day, you should______ .A. take some refreshment.B. go to bed earlyC. have a long restD. give in to sleep.Questions 14-16 are based on the following interview with Sherman Alexie. an American Indian poet.You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.14. Why did Sherman Alexie only take day jobs?A. he Could bring unfinished work home.B. He might have time to pursue his interests.C. He might do some evening teaching.D. He could invest more emotion in his family.15.What was his original goal at college?A. to teach in high school .B. to write his own books.C. to be a medical doctor.D. to be a mathematician.16. Why did he take the poetry-writing class?A. To follow his father.B. For an easy grade.C. To change his specialty.D. For knowledge of poetry.Questions 17-20 are based on the following talk about public speaking. you know have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.17. What is the most important thing in public speaking ?A. Confidence.B. Preparation.C. Informativeness.D. Organization.18. What does the speaker advise us to do to capture the audience's attention？A. Gather abundant data.B. Organize the idea logically.C. Develop a great opening.D. Select appropriate material.19. If you don't start working for the presentation until the day before, you will feel _____ .A. uneasyB. uncertainC. frustratedD. depressed20. Who is this speech ,ost probably meant for?A. Those interested in the power of persuasion.B. Those trying to improve their public image.C. Those planning to take up some public work.D. Those eager to become effective speakers.You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-concious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which thereare more winners than losers, 28 ,publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guity and without letting the other participants 37 . this does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibity. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and byshavingsclearly stated rules.21. A. thought B.idea C. opinion D. advice22. A. strengthen B. accommodate C. stimulate D. enhance23. A. care B. nutrition C. exercise D. leisure24. A. If B. Although C. Whereas D. Because25. A. assistance B. guidance C. confidence D. tolerance26. A. claimed B. admired C. ignored D. surpassed27. A. improper B. risky C. fair D. wise28. A. in effect B. as a result C. for example D. in a sense29. A. displaying B. describing C. creating D. exchanging30. A. durable B. exessive C. surplus D. multiple31. A.sgroupsB. individual C. personnel D. corporation32. A. consent B. insurance C. admission D. security33. A. particularly B. barely C. definitely D. rarely34. A. similiar B. long C. different D. short35. A. if only B. now that C. so that D. even if36. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something37. A. off B. down C. out D. alone38. A. On the contrary B. On the average C. On the whole D. On the other hand39. A. making B. standing C. planning D. taking40. A. capability B. responsibility C. proficiency D. efficiency21-25 DBCC?C26-30 BDCAD31-35 B?CBCC36-40 DBACASection III Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following fore texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANAWER SHEET 1(40 points) Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the "great game " of espionage-----spying as a "profession." These days the Net, which has already re-made pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well.The last revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen's e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the world wide web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it "open source intelligence," and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. in 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying(covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporationslike energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straifford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine." As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine," says Friedman, a former political science professor. "And we'll hear back from some of them." Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That 'sswheresStraitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.41. The emergence of the Net hasA. received support from fans like Donovan.B. remolded the intelligence services.C. restored many common pastimes.D. revived spying as a profession.42.Donovan's story is mentioned in the text toA. introduce the topic of online spying.B. show how he fought for the U.S.C. give an episode of the information war.D. honor his unique services to the CIA.43.The phrase“making the biggest splash”(line 1,paragraph 3)most probably meansA. causing the biggest trouble.B. exerting the greatest effort.C. achieving the greatest success.D. enjoying the widest popularity.44.It can be learned from paragraph 4 thatA. Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true.B. Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information.C. Straitford's business is characterized by unpredictability.D. Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information.45.Straitford is most proud of itsA. official status.B. nonconformist image.C. efficient staff.D. military background.BACDBText 2To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is needed for thetriumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.”One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. Whe n assured that they do, she replied,“Then I would have to say yes.”Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said,“Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.”Such well-meaning people just don's understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could“adopt”middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.46.The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words toA. call on scientists to take some actions.B. criticize the misguided cause of animal rights.C. warn of the doom of biomedical research.D. show the triumph of the animal rights movement.47.Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research isA. cruel but natural.B. inhuman and unacceptable.C. inevitable but vicious.D. pointless and wasteful.48.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public'sA. discontent with animal research.B. ignorance about medical science.C. indifference to epidemics.D. anxiety about animal rights.49.The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists shouldA. communicate more with the public.B. employ hi-tech means in research.C. feel no shame for their cause.D. strive to develop new cures.50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper isA. a well-known humanist.B. a medical practitioner.C. an enthusiast in animal rights.D. a supporter of animal research.ABBADText 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, mergingsintossuper systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995,the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who lo ses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be his with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes.still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the .2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.51.According to those who support mergers railway monopoly is unlikely becauseA. cost reduction is based on competition.B. services call for cross-trade coordination.C. outside competitors will continue to exist.D. shippers will have the railway by the throat.52.What is many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?A. Indifferent.B. Supportive.C. Indignant.D. Apprehensive.53.It can be inferred from paragraph 3 thatA. shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.B. there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.C. overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.D. a government board ensures fair play in railway business.54.The word“arbiters”(line 7,paragraph 4)most probably refers to thoseA. who work as coordinators.B. who function as judges.C. who supervise transactions.D. who determine the price.55.According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused byA. the continuing acquisition.B. the growing traffic.C. the cheering Wall Street.D. the shrinking market.CCDBAText 4It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional Small wonder. Americans' life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minuts surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death-and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, evenunder ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians-frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient-too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In1950, the U.S. spent .7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age-----say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infir m“have a duty todie and get out of the way”,so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78,Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53.Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor is in her 70s,and former surgeon general C.Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old,I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people's lives.56.What is implied in the first sentence?A. Americans are better prepared for death than other people.B. Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.C. Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.D. Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.57.The author uses the example of caner patients to show thatA. medical resources are often wasted.B. doctors are helpless against fatal diseases.C. some treatments are too aggressive.D. medical costs are becoming unaffordable.58.The author's attitude to ward Richard Lamm's remark is one ofA. strong disapproval.B. reserved consent.C. slight contempt.D. enthusiastic support.59.In contras to the U.S. ,Japan and Sweden are funding their medical careA. more flexibly.B. more extravagantly.C .more cautiously.D. more reasonably.60.The text intends to express the idea thatA medicine will further prolong people's lives.B. life beyond a certain limit is not worth living.C. death should be accepted as a fact of life.D. excessive demands increase the cost of health care.DABDCPart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and the translate the underlines segmentssintosChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.(61)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology”derives from the Greek words“anthropos”:“human”and logos“the study of.”By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences.(62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned(原文如此) manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.(63)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science.(64)Tylor defined culture as“…that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit w ithin Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned. shared, and patterned behavior.(65)Thus, the anthropological concept of“culture,”like the concept of“set”in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.Section IV Writing66.Directions:1) describe the set of drawings, Interpret its meaning, and2) point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points) Section I Listening Comprehension （20 points）Part A （5 points）1.18762.19813.textiles4.19,1375.concertsPart B (5 points)6.(the couple) themselves7.constructively8.a qualified psychologist9.good intentions10.absencePart C (10points)11.D12.A13.D14.B15.C16.B17.B18.C19.A20.DSection II Use of English （10 points）21.A22.B23.C24.D25.C26.B27.D28.C29.A30.D31.A32.D 33.B34.D35.C36.D37.B38.A39.C40.ASection III Reading Comprehension （50 points）Part A （40 points）41.B42.A43.C44.D45.B46.A47.B48.B49.A50.D51.C52.D 53.C54.B55.A56.C57.A58.B59.D60.CPart B（10 points）61.而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。
2003年1月研究生英语学位课统考真题
2003年1月研究生英语学位课统考真题PAPER ONEPart I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 minutes, 20points) Section A ( 1 point each )1. A. The hero was out of his mind.B. The herd was a thing, not a human being.C. The hero overcame many difficulties.D. The hero was really great.2. A. Tom wants to travel by air.B. Tom wants to become a pilot.C. Tom is greatly interested in power.D. Tom can seize a chance in time.3. A. The government should help those youngsters.B. The government should take the place of those youngsters.C. The government should encourage those youngsters,D. The government should place restrictions on those youngsters.4. A. Because they had the same interests.B. Because they got along very well.C. Because both of them were sociable.D. Because both of them were humorous.5. A. She likes riding horses.B. She has been promoted once a year.C. She won the second place in a contest.D. She is very excited.6. A. She doesn't think the manager is at home.B. She doesn't know the manager's home phone number.C. She doesn't think highly of the manager.D. She doesn't know the manager at all.7. A. She is not satisfied with her life.B. She isolates herself from the outside world.C. She can find a peaceful life only in her dreams.D. She can't be at peace with others.8. A. A boss and an employee.B. A hotel manager and a customer.C. A landlady and a tenant.D. A plumber and an apartment owner.9. A.A conformist.B.A renowned person.C. A fighter.D. A problem person.Section B (1 point each)10. A. The materials used for building reservoirs.B. The causes of water pollution.C. The storage of drinking water.D. The chemicals used 10 purify water.11. A. Rock and soil. B. Concrete and bricks,C. Pine and redwood trees.D. Stones and steel rods.12. A. People in many parts of the world have to store rainwater for drinking.B. The mixture of rock and soil can be used as the bottom of a water tank.C. Chemicals cannot he used to keep the wooden tanks from being ruined.D. Small water plants may help clean the storage water.13. A. More than 1,700. B. More than 1,600.C. More than 700.D. More than 600.14. A. When a heat wave lasts for several daysB. When the total amount of heat in a day is very greatC. When the heat wave is strengthened by the sun.D. When the night temperature in a heat wave does not drop much.15. A. Slay at home and avoid going to work.B. Try to eat more vegetables and fruits.C. Wear light-colored and comfortable clothes.D. Use sir conditioners and other cooling devices.Part II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0. 5 point each )21. The hypothesis that language determines thought' suggested by Sapir and Whorf, is well known to linguists.A. synthesisB. convictionC. fallacyD. proposition22. Some comets reappear into sight after an elapse of as long as sixty years.A. disappearanceB. intervalC. passageD. eclipse23. To stay in shape, many middle-aged women have taken to working out in their spare time,A. dietingB. overworkingC. exercisingD. wandering24. Mandela, former president of South Africa, has distinguished himself by fighting racial segregation.A. separationB. discriminationC. unificationD. opposition25. Victims of mot ion-sickness suffer from a sensation of cold when riding in a fine car.A. sentimentB. feelingC. sensitivityD. emotion26. There are various hierarchies of structures inside a linguistic system. For example, sentences consist of phrasesthat can be segmented into individual words.A. criteriaB. organizationsC. levelsD. standards27. To maintain social order, the government has to inflict punishments on lawbreakers.A. imposeB. composeC. disposeD. expose28. Seeing the darkening sky, she quickened her steps and made for the nearest subway station.A. ran intoB. headed forC. searched forD. passed by29. It stands to reason to say that a girl takes after her father while a son his mother.A. looks afterB. cares forC. learns fromD. looks like30. Computers are playing an unprecedented role in the development of modern technology.A. unguidedB. unrelieved C unexampled D. unexpectedSection B (0. 5 point each)31. Social relations are developed when people each other at work or in business.A. fall back onB. count onC. interact withD. cope with32. Construction of tall buildings is forbidden around here to further expansion of the airport.A. account forB. fall forC. take forD. allow for33. The ability to see things in requires profound knowledge and impartial judgment.A. prospectB. perspectiveC. respectD. suspect34. Successful development of inexpensive drugs for AIDS has much for thousands of HIV patients.A. influenceB. complicationC. specificationD. implication35. Senior citizens, especially those above 70, are to some privileges in many countries.A. enforcedB. engagedC. entitledD. enabled36. Project Hope has succeeded in preventing school pupils from in poverty stricken areas.A. leaving outB. dropping outC. setting outD. looking out37. Vocabulary treatment in this dictionary is clear and readable, sufficiently detailed and admirably .A. complicatedB. primitiveC. promisingD. current38. Thanks to statesmen of great , China is well on her way to becoming a world power.A. visionB. sightC. viewD. spectacle39. Good biographies can help _ _ the barriers of time so that what happened to Abraham Lincoln becomes "now"as long as you read about him.A. break upB. break outC. break intoD. break down40. The importance of can never be neglected when it comes to fulfilling one’s military missions.A. popularityB. peculiarityC. punctualityD. potentialityPart III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes. 15 points, 1 point each)The song of crickets (蟋蟀) captures the attention of millions of people worldwide. How does this small creature sing and for what purpose?Interestingly, among the approximately 2,400 4l of crickets, only the males sing, or chirp. 42 doing so from their throats, male crickets make music with their wings. One expert explains that male crickets chirp by rubbing part of one forewing a-long 43 about 50 to 250 teeth on the opposite forewing. The frequency of the chirps depends on the number of teeth 44 per second. The vibrations fill the air with the distinctive song of the cricket.But surely the male cricket does not sing simply to 45 his human listeners! No, indeed! The intended audience of this musician is a 46 mate. The book Exploring the Secret of Nature explains: "In his quest for a mate, the male cricket, a skilled 47 , sings three different songs- one to advertise his presence, another to court and the other to threaten unwanted competitors." Some crickets continue to sing to advertise their presence 48, a female cricket shows interest. Hearing the song through the "ears" on her forelegs, the female is not 49 to carry on a long-distance courtship. .As she approaches the 50_ of the chirping, the male cricket will begin to sing a continuous trill (颤音)，the courtship song. This attracts tile female to him，and the two crickets mate.41. A. series B. species C. system D. session42. A. As for B. Due to C. Based on D. Rather than43. A. a group of B. a flock of C. a row of D. a bunch of44. A. struck B. strike C. stroked D. stroke45. A. abuse B. accuse C. annoy D. amuse46. A. special B. potential C. initial D. critical47. A. companion B. communicator C. conductor D. commander18. A. as long as B. because C. until D. in case49. A. content B. controversial C. convenient D. conscious50. A. presentation B. representation C. resource D. sourcePart IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneAbout four years ago. Kerry Sturgill found herself at a career crossroads! Should she stay in an industry populated by extroverts (外向型的人) or jump ship to a more reflective place where introverts like her were in the majority?Career counselors had told her to get out of the highly extroverted public relations, fields "so you can be happy and do what you are" Among the less fast-paced areas they pointed to: art, scientific research, data analysis.Such a move is definitely the right road for many introverts struggling to fit into an extroverted workplace.So, just what is an introvert anyway? It's someone who is energized by thought and reflection, while extroverts are energized by socializing. Introverts naturally need to think before they speak. Extroverts use the speaking process to figure out what it is they want to say.And, needless to say, there are pluses and minuses to both personality types.Still, in the modern world where as many as two-thirds of the population may be extroverted, those who are the opposite can be misunderstood. They can be seen as antisocial, secretive, even territorial, because they can sometimes try to protect their "space" and quiet.Workplaces can actually benefit from having both types, says Deborah Barrett, program director of the Rice University MBA communications program.An introvert herself, she says she has the best of both worlds- working in an environment of professors, who tend towards introversion, yet getting to teach, which calls on her more "out there" skills.Here’s her advice for those looking to follow the same path;Make good use of e-mail. If you don't get to make a point at a loud meeting, send a follow-up e-mail sharing your thoughts.If you don't have an office and are easily distracted by ongoing small talk, consider listening to music through headphones. But take care not to make your more sociable neighbors feel rejected.Sure, she says, if she had moved to a less stimulating environment that might have "short-circuited a lot of my pain, but I also believe it would have short-circuited learning what's made me a much more well-rounded person.”Her main lesson? "I don t have to be an extrovert. I just have to play at being one for an hour."51. According to the career counselors,A. introverts should try to avoid working in a highly extroverted environmentB. i ntroverts should try 10 change themselves to fit into an extroverted working environmentC. extroverts should work in less fast-paced areas such as art and scientific researchD. introverts can be happier if they can find jobs in the field of public relations52. Which of the following statements is true?A. People with introverted personality have some disadvantages in finding jobs.B. People with introverted personality have some advantages in working with others.C. Both introverted and extroverted people have merits and demerits.D. Most workplaces need more extroverted people than introverted ones.53. According to the author, introverts are sometimes misunderstood because they areA. antisocialB. reservedC. aggressiveD. queer54. Deborah Barren believes that teaching is a practice of .A. reflectionB. introversionC. energizingD. socializing55. By "short-circuited a lot of my pain" (in the last paragraph). Deborah Barrette means " _ .A. ruined a lot of her happinessB. saved her a lot of troubleC. relieved her of a heavy burdenD. added to her sufferings56. We can learn from Deborah Barrett's case that introverted people .A. should not share offices with extroverted onesB. are easily irritated by small talkC. like to communicate with others via e-mailsD. are reluctant to express their ideas in publicPassage TwoLast week 29 earnest American high school students were invited to an evening of receiving good words, small talk, warm toasts and fancy silverware."Find out something about the person sitting next to you." advised former U. S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright. "Eventually, you'll discover they always have something interesting to say. And you should always use the proper silverware in the proper order. "Albright was the guest of honor at the imitated Official Dinner, which was a lot like a real official dinner in Washington minus the soft money.The evening was sponsored by the St. Albans School of Public Services to introduce its first class to the fine art of social survival.More than 84 guests, including students, teachers, school donors and speakers, gathered to replicate the lifestyle of the rich and political.The idea was to teach the social graces that will help students survive any social situation.Anyway, the whole proper fork thing is overrated. Former White House official C. Boyden Gray shared his top tips for surviving dinner parties: "Drink as little as possible until you get to dinner. ""Don't be the first person there or the last person to leave."Try to get more out of your dinner partners than they get out of you. "Every Official Dinner has a greater reason for being. State dinners, for example, are either an opportunity to reward emerging democracies or strengthen old friendships.The Official Dinner was intended to show the students an elegant evening in Washington part of the four-week intensive summer program to encourage public service. The students are from 13 states and two foreign countries.The program includes classes on the presidency, the courts, the media and international affairs. The students also debated public policy issues. "They're still at it at 10 o'clock at night." said director Mary Waikart. "That's good practice for Washington, isn't it?"Since there was no band, Albright offered herself up as the night’s entertainer. No singing, but stories about her life in diplomacy. "Being Secretary of State is the best job in the world." she said. "Better than being president, because you don't have to deal with the elections."57. Last week a group of high school students were invited to the dinner party .A. to see the life style of the rich and politicalB. to discuss international and public policy issuesC. to learn to survive in different social situationsD. to learn to become the future leaders of the White House58. According to Madeleine Albright, at an official dinner .A. we should get more information about the hostB. we should be sociable by talking with othersC. table manners are not as important as conversingD. we should learn to entertain others by telling a story59. The imitated Official Dinner is different from the real ones in that the former .A. was held without the participation of important personsB. could not get the financial support as easily as the real onesC. didn't have as many guests as the real onesD. had nothing to do with political and international issues60. What does the underlined word "replicate" (in paragraph 5) mean?A. Practice.B. Exercise.C. Imitate.D. Reconstruct.61. According to Boyden Gray, at dinner parties you should .A. listen to others instead of talking too muchB. drink no alcohol before you goC. arrive as early as possibleO. leave after the parties are over62. We can conclude from the passage that .A. there are significant differences between the Official Dinner and other dinner partiesB. American students like to participate in public services very muchC. being a secretary of state is the best, even better than being a presidentD. the students who were invited to the dinner party were enthusiastic about the programPassage ThreePredicting the future is risky business for a scientist. It is safe to say, however, that the global AIDS epidemic will get much worse before it gets any better. Sadly, this modern plague will be with us for several generations, despite major scientific advances.As of January 2000, the AIDS epidemic had claimed 15 million lives and left 40 million people living with a viral infection that slowly but relentlessly erodes the immune system. Accounting for more than 3 million deaths in the past year alone, the AIDS virus has become the deadliest microbe in the world. In Africa nearly a dozen countries have a rate higher than 10%, including four southern African nations in which a quarter of the people are infected. This is like condemning 16,000 people each day to a slow and miserable death.Fortunately, the AIDS story has not been all gloom and doom. Less than two years after AIDS was recognized, the guilty agent-human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV-- was identified. We now know more about HIV than about any other virus, and 14 AIDS drugs have been developed and licensed in the U. S. and Western Europe.The epidemic continues to rage, however, in South America, Eastern Europe and sub-Saharan Africa. By the year 2025, AIDS will be by far the major killer of young Africans, decreasing life expectancy to as low as 40 years insome countries and single-handedly erasing the public health gains of the past 50 years.It is Asia, with its huge population at risk, that will have the biggest impact on the global spread of AIDS. The magnitude of the incidence could range from 100 million to 1 billion, depending largely on what happens in India and China. Four million people have already become HIV-positive in India, and infection is likely to reach several percent in a population of 1 billion. Half a million Chinese are now infected; the path of China's epidemic, however, is less certain.An explosive AIDS epidemic in the U. S. is unlikely. Instead, HIV infection will continue to plague in about 0.5% of the population. But the complexion of the epidemic will change. New HIV infections will occur predominantly in the underclass, with rates 10 times as high in minority groups. Nevertheless, American patients will live quality lives for decades, thanks to advances in medical research. Dozens of powerful and well-tolerated AIDS drugs will be developed, as will novel means to restore the immune sys tern.A cure for AIDS by the year 2025 is not inconceivable. But constrained by economic reality, these therapeutic advances will have only limited benefit outside the U. S. and Western Europe.63. Which of the following can be thy best title for this passage?A. The Spread of HIV-Will We Ever Cure AIDS?B. The Worse Situation of AIDS-Will AIDS Ruin the Human Race?C. The Statistics of AIDS-Will AIDS Spread around the World''D. The Potential of HIV-Will Asia Become the Core of AIDS?64. The phrase "gloom and doom" (in paragraph 3 ) refers to the state of being.A. obscure and sadB. depressing and fatalC. ruined and deadlyD. miserable and disappointing65. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. In India, the infection rate almost reaches 12 percent of its population.B. In China, about 50.000 people arc infected with HIV.C. AIDS epidemic had caused 15.000.000 deaths in the whole world by January2000.D. In the United States. HIV infection will go on to attack about 5% of the whole population.66. As a result of the epidemic of AIDS in Africa .A. the life span for most of the people has been reduced by 10 yearsB. most young people have been infected with human immunodeficiency virusC. people will have to learn to live with the disease for over 50 yearsD. the achievements made in preserving people's health in the past will be wiped off67. The passage tells us that .A .HIV was found more than two years earlier than AIDS was identifiedB. people know a little more about HIV than about most other virusesC. AIDS continues to rage more wildly in Africa than in AsiaD. HIV will mainly affect the poor and minority groups in the U. S.68. According to the author, the cure for AIDS will probably lie in .A. international cooperationB. timely educationC. economic situationD. strong willPassage FourHalloween is an annual celebration, but just what is it actually a celebration of? And how did this peculiar custom originate?The word itself, "Halloween." actually has its origins in the Catholic Church. It comes from a contracted corruption of All Hallows Eve. November 1. "All Hollows Day." is a Catholic day of observance in honor of saints. But, in the 5th century BC, in Celtic Ireland, summer officially ended on October 31. The holiday was called Samhain, the Celtic New year.One story says that on that day- the disembodied spirits of all those who had died throughout the preceding year would come hark in search of living bodies to possess for the next year. It was believed to be their only hope for the afterlife. The Celts believe all laws of spare and time were suspended during this time, allowing the spirit world to intermingle with the living.Naturally, the still living did not want to be possessed. So on the night of October31, villagers would then dress up in all manner of ghost costumes and noisily paraded a round the neighborhood, being as destructive as possible in order to frighten away spirits looking for bodies to possess.Some accounts tell of how the C ells would burn someone at the stake who was thought to have already beenpossessed, as sort of a lesson to the spirits. Other accounts of Celtic history debunk these stones as myth.The Romans adopted the Celtic practices as their own. But in the first century AD, they abandoned any practice of sacrificing of humans in favor of burning images.The custom of Halloween was brought to America in the 1840's by Irish immigrants fleeing their country's potato famine.The Jack-O-Lantern custom probably comes from Irish folklore. As the tale is told, a man named jack, who was notorious as a drunkard and trickster, tricked Satan into climbing a tree. Jack then carved an image of a cross in the tree's trunk, trapping the devil up the tree. Jack made a deal with the devil that, if he would never tempt him again, he would promise to let him down the tree.According to the folk tale, after Jack died, he was denied entrance to Heaven because of his evil ways, but he was also denied access to Hell because he had tricked the devil. Instead, the devil gave him a single candle to light his way through the frigid darkness. The candle was placed inside a hollowed-out pumpkin to keep it glowing longer.Although some cults（邪教）and devil worshippers may have adopted Halloween as their favorite "holiday." the day itself did not grow out of evil practices. It grew out of the rituals of Celts celebrating a new year, and out of Medieval prayer rituals of Europeans. And today, even many churches have Halloween parties or pumpkin carving events for the kids. After all, the day itself is only as evil as one cares to make it.69. What is the most suitable title for this article?A. Why Halloween Became A Roman Holiday.B. How Halloween Came to the New World.C. The History and Legends of Halloween,D. The Celts and Their Festivals.70. In the story of the "Jack-O-Lantern." why was Jack not allowed into Hell?A. Because he made a fool of Satan.B. Because he was a good man.C. Because he was an evil man.D. Because he made a deal with Satan.71. Which of the following words is closest in meaning lo "debunk" in paragraph 5?A. Prove.B. Disprove.C. Support.D. Regard.72. What does the Celtic Holiday "Samhain" celebrate?A. The mid-autumn.B. The end of winter.C. The coming of a new year.D. The start of a festival season.73. According to Celts, what was the spirit world like during the festival of Samhain?A. It became closed off to the world of the living.B. It became mixed with the world of the living.C. It became the real world while the world of the living was closed.D. It In-came the world of the afterlife.74. The article implies that Halloween .A. is an evil festivalB. comes from an evil originC. is made evil by church servicesD. is made evil by devil worshipper?Passage FiveAs the 1999 war in Yugoslavia ended* doors to a cave dug deep underneath opened., and nearly a dozen unharmed MIG-21 fighters emerged to retreat from the area. The United States had repeatedly tried to destroy this series of tunnels and caves with GBU-28s, 5,000-pound precision-guided bombs developed during the Gulf War. The best those bombs could do was seal off entryways, but the MIGs., sheltered much farther down, were untouched.The BLU-118 is perfect for attacking confined underground spaces like tunnels and caves. But like the GBU-28, the BLU-118 is virtually impotent against solid barriers. If the weapon hits rock, highly compressed dirt, or a blockade, it penetrates only about a half-dozen feet. The rock absorbs the blows before they reach the underground hideout. In Afghanistan, numerous soldiers and their weapons survived Tora Bora attack unharmed.The Pentagon s limited success in taking out underground hideouts even with today’s most powerful bombs has sent a shiver through the military. It is said that there are more than 10,000 underground caves in dozens of countries around the world. Many of them, in places like Iran. North Korea, and Russia, are sheltering aircraft and basic weapons. But about 1,000 of these caves and tunnels are considered highly strategic be cause they're suspected of harboring weapons of mass destruction, long-range missiles, or control centers to protect key leaders during an attack. The Defense Department is certain, for instance, that Iraq is hiding chemical and biological weapons underneath itsvast deserts and that North Korea has nuclear materials b uried below its mountains. What’s more, because of huge improvements in tunneling capabilities, thousands of additional deeply placed, unreachable caves are expected to be built in the next decade.Faced with the prospect of warfare against terrorist organizations with weapons of mass destruction tucked in their basements, the Pentagon has begun to consider the previously unthinkable: developing specially designed nuclear weapons for attacking buried caves and tunnels. These weapons would ideally do their damage while creating only limited nuclear fallout above ground. Such a move would represent the most significant rewriting of U. S. nuclear strategy in decades, because its intended purpose violates the two cornerstones of current policy: to use nuclear weapons only as a last resort and never to use them against non-nuclear nations.75. From the first paragraph, we can infer that .A. MIG fighters were very strongB. the caves dug deep underneath were hard to findC. U. S. bombing failed to achieve us purposeD. the Gulf War produced the GBU-2876. Th e underlined word "impotent” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to .A. ineffectiveB. softC. importantD. essential77. The phrase "has sent a shiver through the military" (in paragraph 3) can be replaced by " ,"A. has made the military cold-heartedB. has disappointed the militaryC. has weakened the militaryD. has greatly shocked the military78. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the use of underground caves?A. Hiding planes and basic weapon?B. Protecting refugees.C. Harboring weapons of mass destruction.D. Sheltering key leaders,79. With the huge improvements in tunneling capabilities, .A. fewer caves are expected to be built in the next decadeB. caves are barely accessible in the following ten yearsC. better-protected caves will be built in (he following ten yearsD. caves will be popular with common people in the next decade80. Is it reasonable for the U, S. to use nuclear weapons to attack caves and tunnels?A. Yes, because nuclear fallout is limited to the nuclear powers.B. Yes, because they can destroy the hideouts of terrorists.C. No, because they will kill a lot of innocent people.D. No, because it is against the basis of current policy.PAPER TWOPart V TRANSLATION (40 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions：Put the following paragraphs into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.In the United States, the use of teleconferencing and videoconferencing rose by more than 50 percent last year, and more companies are thinking twice before sending large armies of employees on business excursion. Many medium-sized businesses expect their employees to travel in economy class, or stay over a Saturday night just to avoid getting stuck with too expensive full-price business fares. And more and more businesses are participating in "fractional jet ownership" schemes, in which companies buy shares in corporate jets, entitling their employees to a certain number of exclusive flying hours onboard.Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Put the following paragraph into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.联想（Legend）集团的崛起真实地反映了中国自身的转变，就像中国正努力从一个发展中国家变成一支。
2003年4月全国统一命题考试英语
2005-03-28 11:47梯田图书8 Curiosity and imagination are importantwhich help stimulate the d iscovery of new facts and the laws of science.A techniquesB technologiesC qualitiesD quantities【】9 Information in long term memory can beat a later time when it is needed.A remarkedB remindedC removedD recalled【】10 Insurance ag ents are always friendly,well dressed,and cager to behelp.A forB ofC fromD into【】Ⅱ Cloze Test(10 p oints,1 point for each)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。
根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，相应的字母涂黑。
For human beings there is more to living than just staying alive.Therefore,your 11,or emotional and mental needs are important.You need to love and 12.You need to feel safe and secure.At the same time,you need to feel13.You need stimulation and variety to keep your brain14and to achieve personal growth.You also need to have a sense of 15,a personal identity,in order to know 16you are and how you fit in the environment.need for love in different ways.18.a helpless baby feels love in 19to care.Love means being kept dry and warm and being fed.Gentle touch and firm support create a feeling of trust20 the baby for the people who care for it.11 A physical B political C psychological D educational【】12 A to be loved B to be loving to have loved D to be for love【】13 A depend B depended C dependent D independent【】14 A act B acted C active D action【】自学考试专业计划查询系统自学考试主考院校查询系统自学考试助学院校查询系统自学考试历年试题下载系统15 A self B own C you D yours【】16 A that B who C which D how【】17 A much B more C most D very【】18 A In addition B On the average C Of course D For example【】19 A response B regard C terms D view【】20 A at B in C with D by【】Ⅲ.Reading Comprehension(30 points,2 points for each)从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析
2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they areadjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new inteHectual and emotional challenges,teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success andknowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle isalready filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there aremore winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with manystudent-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 . This doesnot mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 , they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.21. [A] thought [B] idea [C] opinion [D] advice22. [A] strengthen [B] accommodate [C] stimulate [D] enhance23. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure24. [A] If [B] Although [C] Whereas [D] Because25. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence [D] tolerance26. [A] claimed [B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed27. [A] improper [B] risky [C] fair [D] wise28. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense29. [A] displaying [B] describing [C] creating [D] exchanging30. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple31. [A] group [B] individual [C] personnel [D] corporation32. [A] consent [B] insurance [C] admission [D] security33. [A] particularly [B] barely [C] definitely [D] rarely34. [A] similar [B] long [C] different [D] short35. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if36. [A] everything [B] anything [C] nothing [D] something37. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D] alone38. [A] On the contrary [B] On the average[C] On the whole [D] On the other hand39. [A] making [B] standing [C] planning [D] taking40.[A] capabilities [B] responsibilities [C] proficiency[D] efficiencySection III Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the u great game“ of espionage -- spying as a "profession.v These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well.The latest revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen\ e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open-source inte lligence,“ and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford. Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. "As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine；' says Friedman, a fbnner political science professor. "And we41 hear back from some of them.” Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good iiifbniiation from bad. That's where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success. Straitfordbriefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.41.The emergence of the Net has.|A] received support from fans like Donovan|B] remolded the intelligence services[C] restored many common pastimes|D] revived spying as a profession42.Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to.|A] introduce the topic of online spying[B]show how he fought for the U.S.[C]give an episode of the information war|D] honor his unique services to the CIA43.The phrase “making the biggest splash” (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means.|A] causing the biggest trouble|B] exerting the greatest effort[C] achieving the greatest success|D] enjoying the widest popularity44.It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that.[A]Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true[B]Straitford guarantees the tnithfulness of its information[C]Straitford\ business is characterized by unpredictability[D]Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information45.Straitford is most proud of its.|A] official status[B]nonconformist image[C]efficient staff|D] military backgroundText 2To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, u Theii I would have to say yes." Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, "Don't worry, scientists will find some way of using computers." Such well-meaning people just don't understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way -- in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother^ hip replacement, a father's bypass operation, a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seemswasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt“ middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of tiuth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively reciuit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizeniy will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.46.The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to.[A]call on scientists to take some actions|B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights[C]warn of the doom of biomedical research[D]show the triumph of the animal rights movement47.Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is.|A] cruel but natural[B]inhuman and unacceptable[C]inevitable but vicious|D] pointless and wasteful48.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's[A]discontent with animal research|B] ignorance about medical science[C]indifference to epidemics[D]anxiety about animal rights49.The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientistsshould.[A]communicate more with the public|B] employ hi-tech means in research[C]feel no shame for their cause[D]strive to develop new cures50.From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is.|A] a well-known humanist|B] a medical practitioner[C] an enthusiast in animal rights|D] a supporter of animal researchText 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coat chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such “captive“ shippers 20 to 30 percent more th an they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. u Do we really want raikoads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?^ asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shippers.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquii'e Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the canyiiig costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.51.According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because *|A] cost reduction is based on competition[B]services call for cross-trade coordination[C]outside competitors will continue to exist[D]shippers will have the railway by the throat52.What is many captive shippers5 attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?[A] Indifferent.|B] Supportive.[C] Indignant.|D] Apprehensive.53.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that.[A]shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad|B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide[C]overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business54.The word “arbiters” (Line 7, Paragraph 4) most probably refers to those[A]who work as coordinators[B]who function as judges[C]who supervise transactions[D]who determine the price55.According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by *[A]the continuing acquisition[B]the growing traffic[C]the cheering Wall Street[D]the shrinking marketText 4It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans5 life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death -- and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless. Tlie most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians -- fiustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient --too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In 1950, the U.S. spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002. the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age -- say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying tha t the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way,“ so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s. These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old.I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could iinpiove people's lives.56.What is implied in the first sentence?[A]Americans are better prepared for death than other people.[B]Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.[C]Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.[D]Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.57.The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that.[A]medical resources are often wasted[B]doctors are helpless against fatal diseases[C]some treatments are too aggressive[D]medical costs are becoming unaffordable58.The author's attitude toward Richard Lamm's remark is one of.[A]strong disapproval[B]reserved consent[C]slight contempt|D] enthusiastic support59.In contrast to the U.S., Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care[A]more flexibly[B]more extravagantly[C]more cautiously[D]more reasonably60.The text intends to express the idea that.[A]medicine will further prolong people's lives[B]life beyond a certain limit is not worth living[C]death should be accepted as a fact of life|D] excessive demands increase the cost of health carePartBDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. 61) Furtheimorg humans have the ability to modify the environment in which [hey live, thus subjecting all other life foirns to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology“ derives from the Greek words anthropos: "human^ and logos “the study of." By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences. 62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned、orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that Mural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. 63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought [o the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor's formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. 64) Tylor defined culture as ”・・・ that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law、custom. and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society." This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor,s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.65) Thus, the anlhropological coocept of “culture." like the concept of “set" in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of conciete research and understanding.Section IV Writing66. Directions:Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should1)describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and2)point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)温室国医不起血雨。
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2003年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试Paper One 试卷一(90 minutes)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes, 15 points) 略Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D by marking the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Example: You will hear:You will read:A. At the office.B. In the waiting room.C. At the airport.D. In a restaurantSample [A] [B] [C] [D]From the conversation we know that the two speakers are talking about ordering food. This is most likely to have taken place in a restaurant. Therefore, D. In a restaurant is the best answer. You should choose D on the ANSWER SHEET and mark it with a single line through the center.1. A. To the park. B. Downtown.C. To the bar.D. To the show.2. A. Go and see Karen. B. Go to the art gallery.C. Tell Karen he's fine.D. Ask Karen for advice.3. A. The game has been put off. B. The game hasn’t’ started yet.C. She wants to know who is winning.D. The game is almost over now.4. A. At a hotel. B. In a tent.C. In a house.D. On a boat.5. A. 15 dollars. B. 4. dollars.C. 11 dollars.D. 26 dollars.6. A. Because it’s really effective B. Beca use it doesn’t work.C. Because it has harmful side effects.D. Because it only works temporarily.7. A. About three hours. B. Twenty or thirty minutes.C. Less than an hour and a half.D. Just under two hours.8. A. They are very expensive. B. They are very easy.C. They are given by a strict teacher.D. They are very rewarding.9. A. A shop assistant. B. Her neighbor.C. A policeman.D. Her colleague.Section BDirections: In this section, you will first hear a conversation and then a talk. At the end of the conversation and the talk, you will hear some questions. All of them will be read only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D by marking the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Questions 10 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.10. A. He has to finish writing a paper. B. He must talk with Professor Lawrence.C. He has to take a math test.D. He’s going to a conference.11. A. Science. B. History.C. Maths.D. Literature.12. A. Teach him how to write a poem. B. Help him with his maths.C. Walk with him to the library.D. Review the last exam with him.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the talk you have just heard.13. A. Two. B. Three C. Four D. Five.14. A. Make sure there are good locks on all the windows and doors.B. Talk to other people who rent apartments in the same building.C. Walk around the apartment for dangerous signs.D. Check the water and electricity to see if they are working.15. A. Read the lease carefully and sign it.B. Deposit some money in a bank.C. Sign the contract and pay a security deposit.D. Ask the landlord for a damage deposit.Part II Vocabulary (15 minutes, 15 points)Section ADirections: In this section there are fifteen sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center。
16. The very sight of the imposing buildings assured these tourists of the significant changes in this city.A. instinctiveB. impressiveC. institutionalD. imaginary17. The accepted criteria of adequate diet have been challenged by new discoveries in nutrition.A. formationsB. componentsC. standardsD. ingredients18. Senior citizens are advised to go in for some creative activities to keep themselves mentally young.A search for B. invest in C. engage in D. work out19. Presumably, excessive consumption of fried foods has serious consequences as has been proved.A theoretically B. Practically C. Incredibly D. Probably20. The sitting-room feels comfortable with the fireplace shedding warm and faint light.A. giving offB. calling offC. shaking offD. putting off21. The nasty language of local officials makes them seem very ignorant and rude.A. artificialB. indecentC. humorousD. lively22. We shouldn’t treat children as peers or f riends, but guide them in making their choices, even if it means with some discipline.A. persuasionB. punishmentC. rewardsD. criticism23. Silk, although it is considered a delicate fabric, is in fact very strong, but it is adversely affected by sunlight.A. softB. sheerC. fragileD. refined24. It is anticipated that this contract will substantially increase sales over the next three years.A. apparentlyB. slightlyC. considerablyD. steadily25. The new government embarked upon a program of radical economic reform.A. initiatedB. producedC. adoptedD. implemented26. In the accident three men were trapped in a submerged vehicle, and their only hope was another man whose legs were broken.A. wreckedB. burntC. overturnedD. sunk27. Nearly eleven thousand people have been arrested for defying the ban on street trading.A. criticizingB. neglectingC. blamingD. disclosing28. There are some things in the class the teachers will not put up with.A. tolerateB. contributeC. resistD. prohibit29. Despite the dangers and difficulties in fighting with the terrorists, the soldiers were resolute.A. defensiveB. aggressiveC. stubbornD. firm30. Born in 1932, he retired as a foreign correspondent for the Polish Press Agency in 1981, by which time his three books had started to come out.A. be subscribedB. be publishedC. be popularD. be writtenSection BDirections: In this section, there are fifteen incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.31. Sometimes we buy a magazine with absolutely no purpose ___________ to pass time.A. rather thanB. other thanC. as wellD. except for32. Those who ___________ women’s liberation movement continue to hope, and work, fora change.A. consist inB. believe inC. indulge inD. result in33. Finding out about these universities has become easy for anyone with Internet _______.A. entranceB. admissionC. accessD. entry34. How strange it is that the habit he developed in his childhood still _____________ him.A. takes toB. clings toC. attends toD. adds to35. The three disrespectful sons began to feel worried about the ultimate ______________of the family’s property.A. proposalB. disposalC. removalD. salvation36. Chemists, physicists and mathematicians are ___________ known as scientists.A. collectivelyB. alternativelyC. cognitivelyD. exclusively37. The national government is to make every effort to ______________ the will of the people.A. executeB. exceedC. exciteD. exhaust38. There are often discouraging predictions that have not been ____________ by actual events.A. verifiedB. utilizedC. mobilizedD. modified39. Tom was ___________ of a crime he didn’t com mit. He fought for many years to clearhis name.A. convictedB. convincedC. conceivedD. condemned40. Actor Pierce Brosnan may play the deadly super spy in the movies, but in real life he isa ___________ father and a loving husband.A. devastatedB. deservedC. desperateD. devoted41. The years of practice, of developing my special technique, are just about to _________.A. turn upB. figure outC. pay offD. clear away42. Like most foreigners, I ask a lot of questions, some of which are insultingly silly. But everyone I __________________ has answered those questions with patience and honesty.A. come acrossB. come byC. come overD. come into43. Now when talking about economic reform I am very ____________ aware of the shadow hanging over most African countries’ debt.A. wellB. farC. muchD. greatly44. This procedure describes how suggestions for improvements to the systems are ______.A. celebratedB. proceededC. generatedD. established45. “Since we are exchanging ___________, I too have a secret to reveal,” said Mary.A. transferencesB. transactionsC. confidencesD. promisesPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 25 points)Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of hem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage 1Andrea had never seen an old lady hitchhiking (搭车) before. However, the weather and the coming darkness made her feel sorry for the lady. The old lady had some difficulty climbing in through the ear door, and pushed her big brown canvas shopping bag down onto the floor under her feet. She said to Andrea, in a voice that was almost a whisper, "Thank you dearie, —I'm just going to Brockbourne."Something in the way the lady spoke, and the way she never turned her head, made Andrea uneasy about this strange hitchhiker. She didn't know why, but she felt instinctively that there was something wrong, something odd, something... dangerous. But how could an old lady be dangerous? It was absurd.Careful not to turn her head, Andrea looked sideways at her passenger. She studied the hat, the dirty collar of the dress, the shapeless body, the arms with their thick black hairs...Thick black hairs?Hairy arms? Andrea's blood froze.This wasn't a woman. It was a man.At first, she didn't know what to do. Then suddenly, an idea came into her racing, terrified brain. Swinging the wheel suddenly, she threw the car into a skid (刹车), and brought it to a halt."My God!" she shouted, "A child! Did you see the child? I think I hit her!"The "old lady" was clearly shaken by the sudden skid, "I didn't see anything dearie," she said. "I don't think you hit anything. ""I'm sure it was a child!" insisted Andrea."Could you just get out and have a look? Just see if there's anything on the road?" She held her breath. Would her plan work?It did. The passenger slowly climbed out to investigate. As soon as she was out of the vehicle, Andrea gunned the engine and accelerated madly away, and soon she had put a good three miles between herself and the awful hitchhiker.It was only then that she thought about the bag lying on the floor in front of her. Maybe the bag would provide some information about the real identity about the man. Pulling into the side of the road, Andrea opened the heavy bag curiously.It contained only one item------- a small hand axe, with a razor—sharp blade. The axe, and the inside of the bag, were covered with the dark red stains of dried blood.Andrea began to scream.46. Andrea allowed the hitchhiker to take a ride in her car, mainly because _______.A. the hitchhiker was an old womanB. she was curious about the old ladyC. the lady had a heavy bagD. she knew the old lady47. What made Andrea afraid when she looked at the old lady?A. She had a shapeless body.B. She had a harsh voice.C. She wore a dirty dress.D. She had hairy arms.48. Andrea suddenly stopped the car because________ .A. she thought she had hit a child on the roadB. she skidded on some ice on the roadC. she wanted to trick the passenger into getting outD. she couldn't concentrate and nearly had a crash49. Andrea looked in the passenger's bag to________ .A. examine what was in itB. find out where the passenger livedC. use the passenger's toolsD. find out who the passenger was50. Andrea screamed because_______ .A. she saw the hitchhiker come backB. she realized she could have been killedC. she was scared at seeing bloodD. she cut herself by the bladePassage 2Desperately short of living space and dangerously prone to flooding, the Netherlands plans to start building homes, businesses and even roads on water.With nearly a third of the country already covered by water and half of its land mass below sea level and constantly under threat from rising waters, the authorities believe that floating communities may well be the future.Six prototype wooden and aluminum floating houses are already attached to something off Amsterdam, and at least a further 100 are planned on the same estate, called Ijburg."Everybody asks why didn’t we do this kind of th ing before," said Gijsbert Van der Woerdt, director of the firm responsible for promoting the concept. "After Bangladesh we’re the most densely populated country in the world. Building space is scarce and government studies show that we’ll need to double the space available to us in the coming years to meet all our needs. "Before being placed on the water and moved into position by tugboats (拖船), the houses are built on land atop concrete flat—bottomed boats, which encase giant lumps of polystyrene （聚苯乙烯）reinforced with steel. The flat—bottomed boats are said to be unsinkable and are anchored by underwater cables. The floating roads apply the same technology.The concept is proving popular with the Dutch. The waiting list for such homes, which will cost between euros 200, 000～500, 000 to buy, runs to 5, 000 names, claims Vander Woerdt.With much of the country given over to market gardening and the intensive cultivation of flowers, planners have also come up with designs for floating greenhouses designed so that the water beneath them irrigates the plants and controls the temperature inside.A pilot project, covering 50 hectares of flooded land near Amsterdam’s Schiphol airport, is planned for 2005.The opportunities for innovative developers look promising. "We have 10 projects in the pipeline—floating villages and cities complete with offices, shops and restaurants," Van der Woerdt said.51. The Netherlands plans to start building floating communities on water because _________.A. most parts of the country are covered by waterB. the country is constantly threatened by floodsC. it will promote the cultivation of flowersD. people think it better to live on water52. By citing "Everyone asks why didn’t we do this kind of thing before ", the author wants to tell us that__________.A. building floating communities is a very good ideaB. the director of the firm didn’t want to answer the questionC. the Netherlands should follow the example of BangladeshD. people are not satisfied with the government’s work53. The floating houses will be________ .A. reinforced with steelB. made of concreteC. constructed in waterD. built on boats54. According to the author, the floating communities on water____________ .A. can promote market gardeningB. are beyond the reach of most Dutch peopleC. will increase the cost of gardeningD. will be very popular by the year of 200555. "10 projects in the pipeline" in the last paragraph means____________ .A. "10 pipelines to provide gas"B. "10 companies to lay the pipelines"C. "10 floating houses to be built on water"D. "10 building projects planned and started"Passage 3My new home was a long way from the centre of London but it was becoming essential to find a job, so finally I spent a whole morning getting to town and putting my name down to be considered by London Transport for a job on the tube. They were looking for guards, not drivers. This suited me. 1 couldn’t drive a car but thoug ht that I could probably guard a train, and perhaps continue to write my poems between stations. The writers Keats and Chekhov had been doctors. T. S. Eliot had worked in a bank and Wallace Stevens for an insurance company. I would be a tube guard. I could see myself being cheerful, useful, a good man in a crisis. Obviously I would be overqualified but I was willing to forget about that in return for a steady income and travel privileges those being particularly welcome to someone living a long way from the city centre.The next day I sat down, with almost a hundred other candidates, for the intelligence test, I must have done all right because after half an hour’s wait I was sent into another room for a psychological test. This time there were only about fifty candidates. The examiner sat at a desk. You were signaled forward to occupy the seat opposite him when the previous occupant had been dismissed, after a greater or shorter time. Obviously the long interviews were the more successful ones. Some of the interviews were as short as five minutes. Mine was the only one that lasted a minute and a half.I can remember the questions now: "Why did you leave your last job?" "Why did you leave your job before that?" "And the one before that?" I can’t recall my answers, except that they were short at first and grew progressively shorter. His closing statement, I thought, revealed a lack of sensitivity which helped to explain why as a psychologist, he had risen no higher than the underground railway. "You have failed the psychological test and we are unable to offer you a position. "Failing to get that job was my low point. Or so I thought, believing that the work was easy. Actually, such jobs—being a postman is another one I still desire—demand exactly the sort ofelementary yet responsible awareness that the habitual dreamer is least qualified to give. But I was still far short of full self—understanding. I was also short of cash.56. The writer applied for the job because________ .A. he could no longer afford to live without oneB. he wanted to work in the centre of LondonC. he had received suitable trainingD. he was not interested in any other available job57. The writer thought he was overqualified for the job because_________ .A. he had written many poemsB. he often traveled undergroundC. he had worked in an insurance companyD. he could deal with difficult situations58. The length of his interview meant that_________ .A. he had not done well in the intelligence testB. he was not going to be offered the jobC. he had little work experience to talk aboutD. he did not like the examiner59. What was the writer’s opinion of the psychologist?A. He was inefficient at his job.B. He was unsympathetic.C. He was unhappy with his job.D. He was very aggressive.60. What does the writer realize now that he did not realize then?A. How difficult it can be to get a job.B. How unpleasant ordinary jobs can be.C. How badly he did in the interview.D. How unsuitable he was for the job.Passage 4For more than 10 years there has been a bigger rise in car crime than in most other types of crime. An average of more than two cars a minute are broken into, vandalized (破坏) or stolen inthe UK. Car crime accounts for almost a third of all reported offences with no signs that the trend is slowing down.Although there are highly professional criminals involved in car theft, almost 90 percent of car crime is committed by the opportunist. Amateur thieves are aided by our carelessness. When the Automobile Association (AA) engineers surveyed one town centre car park last year, 10 percent of cars checked were unlocked, a figure backed up by a Home Office national survey that found 12 percent of drivers sometimes left their cars unlocked.The vehicles are sitting in petrol stations while drivers pay for their fuel. The AA has discovered that cars are left unattended for an average of three minutes and sometimes much longer as drivers buy drinks, cigarettes and other consumer items and then pay at the counter. With payment by credit card more and more common, it is not unusual for a driver to be out of his car as long as six minutes providing the car thief with a golden opportunity.In an exclusive AA survey, carried out at a busy garage on a main road out of London, 300 motorists were questioned over three days of the holiday period. 24 percent admitted that they "always" or "sometimes" leave the keys in the car. This means that nationwide, a million cars daily become easy targets for the opportunist thief.The AA recommends locking up whenever you leave the car------- and for however short a period. A partially open sunroof or window is a further come—on to thieves.Leaving valuables in view is an invitation to the criminal. A Manchester probationary (假释期) service research project, which interviewed almost 100 car thieves last year, found many would investigate a coat thrown on a seat. Never leave any documents showing your home address in the car. If you have a garage, use it and lock it—a garaged car is at substantially less risk.There are many other traps to avoid. The Home Office has found little awareness among drivers about safe parking. Most motorists questioned made no efforts to avoid parking in quiet spots away from street lights just the places thieves love. The AA advises drivers to park in places with people around—thieves do not like audiences.61. The passage seems to imply that payment by credit card_________ .A. is preferable for safe parkingB. is now a common practiceC. takes longer than necessaryD. aids a car thief in a way62. Which of the following statements is correct?A. In the UK, a million cars are stolen daily.B. In the UK, there are amateur car thieves only.C. There are more car crimes than any other type of offences.D. One in ten drivers invites car theft due to carelessness.63. The researches mentioned in the passage on car theft include all the following EXCEPT_________.A. checking private garagesB. interviewing motoristsC. questioning car thievesD. examining parking lots64. The best way for a driver to avoid car theft is_________ .A. leaving documents showing one’s home address in the carB. locking one’s car in a parking lot at any timeC. not leaving the car unattended for longer than necessaryD. not leaving a sunroof or window partially open65. In the last paragraph, the term "safe parking" means__________ .A. not parking under street lightsB. not parking in front of a theatre or cinemaC. avoiding traps set by a possible car thiefD. parking where a lot of people pass byPassage 5Nowadays, we hear a lot about the growing threat of globalization, accompanied by those warnings that the rich pattern of local life is being undermined, and many dialects and traditions are becoming extinct. But stop and think for a moment about the many positive aspects that globalization is bringing. Read on and you are bound to feel comforted, ready to face the global future, which is surely inevitable now.Consider the Internet, that prime example of our shrinking world. Leaving aside the all —to—familiar worries about pornography and political extremism, even the most narrow-minded must admit that the net offers immeasurable benefits, not just in terms of education, the sector for which it was originally designed, but more importantly on a global level, the spread of news andcomment. It will be increasingly difficult for politicians to maintain their regimes of misinformation, as the oppressed will not only find support and comfort, but also be able to organize themselves more effectively.MTV is another global provider that is often criticized for imposing popular culture on the unsuspecting millions around the world. Yet the viewers'' judgment on MTV is undoubtedly positive; it is regarded as indispensable by most of the global teenage generation who watch it, a vital part of growing up. And in the final analysis, what harm can a few songs and videos cause?Is the world dominance of brands like Nike and Coca—Cola so bad for us, when all is said and done? Sportswear and soft drinks are harmless products when compared to the many other things that have been globally available for a longer period of time heroin and cocaine, for example. In any case, just because Nike shoes and Coke cans are for sale, it doesn’t mean you have to buy them ——even globalization cannot deprive the individual of his free will.Critics of globalization can stop issuing their doom and gloom statements. Life goes on, and has more to offer for many citizens of the world than it did for their parents'' generation.66. Some people feel sad about globalization because they believe it will_________ .A. bring threat to the world peaceB. impact the diversified local lifeC. disrupt their present easy life—styleD. increase the size of people speaking dialects67. Internet was originally designed________ .A. to promote educationB. to distribute news and commentC. to relieve people of worriesD. to publicize political beliefs68. What is the writer’s attitude towards globalization?A. Suspicious.B. Positive.C. Indifferent.D. Contemptuous.69. It is implied in the passage that Nike and Coca—cola________ .A. should not become dominant brandsB. has been ignored by many peopleC. cannot be compared with drugsD. shouldn’t have caused so much concern70. Which of the following could be the best title of the passage?A. Globalization Is StandardizationB. Globalization: Like It or Lump ItC. Globalization: Don’t Worry, Be HappyD. Globalization Brings EqualityPart IV Cloze (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions:In this part, there is a passage with twenty blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Imagine fishermen walking down to the seashore, ready to carry out their early morning routine of preparing their boats and net. ___71___ they hope for a good catch of fish. But to their ___72___ , a horrible sight meets their still sleepy eyes. Thousands of fish have washed ___73___ dead. The cause of this mass destruction? A red tide!Red tides are a global ___74___. They have been observed on both the Atlantic and the Pacific coasts of the United States and Canada. They have also___75___ in many other places. Though relatively few people are ___76___ them, red tides are not new.In the Philippines, a red tide was first seen in the province of Bataan in 1908. Since then, red tides have been seen in many other ___77___. A Philippines red tide expert told us that " ___78___ the fish kills, the Philippines has documented 1, 926 cases of dead shellfish poisoning caused by red tides. "The term "red tide" ___79___ the discoloration of water that sometimes occurs in certain areas of the ocean or sea. Although the color is often red, it may also be ___80___ of brown or yellow. The World Book Encyclopedia reports that "the discolored areas may range from ___81___ a few square yards to more than 2, 600 square kilometers."What causes such discoloration? Red tides are generally caused by several ___82___ of single—celled organisms. These tiny organisms have hair—like projections which they use to ___83___ themselves in water. There are about 2, 000 varieties of these organisms, 30 of which carry poisonous ___84___. These minute organisms usually stay in warm waters with high content。