金融专业英语证书考试的经验交流
银行柜面英语口语
你想在我们这存多少？
How much do you wish to pay into your account?
你希望在你的户头上存多少？
How much money do you plan to keep in your account on a regular basis?
每个帐户要花多少钱？
Useful Phrases
current deposit, current account 活期存款
fixed deposit, fixed account 定期存款
fixed deposit by installments 零存整取
joint account 联名存款帐户
I'd like to pay 200 yuan into my deposit account.
我想在在我的定期存款户头上存200元。
I want to deposit my paycheck.
我想存入我的工资支票。
I'd like to know whether I can cash a cheque here.
这是一本支票簿，你邮寄支票时，注意要在支票上打叉线。但是如果你本人想开张兑现支票，就不可打叉线。
Each cheque you write will cost 2 dollars.
你每开一张支票将花2美圆。
Useful Words and Phrases
account number 帐目编号 depositor 存户 pay-in slip 存款单 a deposit form 存款单
银行类正证书大全
银行类1.银行从业资格2. FECT（金融专业英语证书考试）3.金融理财师AFP4.国际金融理财师CFP银行从业资格考试推行情况2006年11月18日，全国范围内个人理财和风险管理两个科目的试点考试。
2007年《指导意见》高级管理人员必须具备所需资格证书招募员工坚持持证上岗持证人员，优先录聘2010年考试时间：全国银行从业人员资格考试每年举行2次,2010年上半年的考试预计在5月29日和5月30日举行,如有变化，网校会及时公布。
考试相关概况资格条件：面向全社会，完全民事行为，高中以上文化程度考试内容：公共基础，个人理财，风险管理考试时间及题型：每年五月、十月个举行一次；客观题（单、多、判）闭卷机考成绩有效期：两年资格证书的获得：通过考试--合格证书—从业记录资格审核—确定是否获得资格证书通过率及难度吉林省共有5863人报名参加，除去少数缺席未参加考试人员外，首批“公共基础”科目考试的通过率为36%左右。
准入性质的入门考试，相对难度不大金融专业英语证书（FECT）第一家国家级行业性英语证书考试，本考试的证书不是入行资格，但可作为在金融部门从事相应的涉外业务工作、涉外培训、职称评定和各类毕业学生进入金融部门就业等方面的参考依据。
懂英语及金融的人才相对较少，与国际接轨，逐步会成为进入金融行业工作的重要参考。
考试相关概况考试内容：针对不同程度，分为初级（银行综合类）、中级、高级（目前尚未开考）三种程度，通过者获得相应级别的证书。
考试时间：每年一次，5月到6月间证书的获得：初级按分为A、B、C三类证书。
中级要求应试者四年内通过《经济学》、《会计学》、《银行业务》、《法律》4科考试及相关听力。
至今没有高级通过率及难度从1995年开始试考至2004年，全国报考金融专业英语证书考试的共有181098人（次），其中122006人（次）报考初级（银行综合类）考试，23043人取得合格证书，通过率为18.8%59092人（次）报考银行类中级考试，8845人（次）取得单科合格证书，通过率为14.9%，近700人取得中级合格证书。
金融行业几个比较热门的证书
金融行业几个比较热门的证书注册金融分析师（CFA）拥有全球金融第一考的CFA考试在国的知名度已经很高了，它是证券投资与管理界的一种职业资格认证，由美国“投资管理与研究协会”（AIMR）授予。
自CFA考试进入中国后，C FA每年的报考人数在成倍的增长，仅今年6月份的考试，报考人员已经达到近5000人。
但是考生通过率很低，据了解CFA在全球的认证通过率是五分之一，在中国这个比例更低。
证书含金量：鉴于CFA考试的正规性、专业性和权威性，其资格在全球金融领域受到广泛的认可，成为银行、投资、证券、保险、咨询行业的从业通行证。
CFA证书持有者包括世界知名金融投资机构的高级工作人员，薪资也相当可观，CFA在美国年薪多在20万美元左右。
考试容：CFA要求持有人建立严格而广泛的金融知识体系，掌握金融投资行业各个核心领域理论与实践知识，包括从投资组合管理到金融资产估价，从衍生证券到固定收益证券以及定量分析。
考试以全英文的方式进行，须通过3个级别，每级考试时间为6小时。
每年的6月、12月在全球近百个国家进行同步考试。
中国考生可在、参加CFA考试。
报考条件：具有大学以上学历的相关从业人员。
通过CFA高级水平考试者，还需要具备金融、投资、管理等领域至少3年以上的工作经验，同时又是AIMR的成员，才有资格获得CFA证书。
报考费用：CFA考试报名费约400至900美元不等，包括原版的教材资料费、培训费，平均考一次得花费两三万元。
注册金融策划师（CFP）随着国理财热越来越旺，各行各业对理财专业化程度的需要也越来越高，理财意识的提高，呼吁着更多具备专业技能的理财师。
注册金融策划师(CFP)，就是目前国际上金融服务领域最权威的个人理财职业资格，它是由国际财务策划人员协会（IAFP）主办，其人才培养方向是为客户进行理财的理财规划师，根据客户的资产状况与风险偏好，提供包括客户生活方方面面的全面财务建议，为他寻找一个最适合的理财方式，以确保其资产的保值与增值。
2012年金融专业英语证书考试FECT模拟试题-7 (1)
2012年金融专业英语证书考试FECT模拟试题-7(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、SECTION ONE (Compulsory)：Answer all ten questions in this section. Each question carries 1 mark. (总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.Assume U.S. GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) applies unless otherwise noted. Which of the following is least likely to be classified as a financial statement element? () （分数：2.00）A.AssetB.RevenueC.Liability income √解析：2. Amy, a CFA candidate, recently joined A&F Asset Management, and reports directly to Tammy. Shortly after joining the firm, Amy learned that A&F Asset Management does not have a copy of the Code and Standards. Which of the following statements best complies with AIMR Standards of Professional Conduct? ()（分数：2.00）A.Amy must deliver a copy of the Code and Standards to Tammy.B.Amy must notify Tammy, in writing, of her obligation to comply with the Code and Standards.C.Statement A and B. √D.None of the above.解析：pared with an otherwise identical amortizing security, a zero-coupon bond will most likely have: ()（分数：2.00）A.Less interest rate risk and more reinvestment risk.B.Less reinvestment risk and more interest rate risk. √C.The same reinvestment risk and less interest rate risk.D.The same interest rate risk and more reinvestment risk.解析：4.A futures trader goes long one futures contract at $450. The settlement price 1 day before expiration is $500. On expiration day, the future is trading at $505. The least likely way the futures trader will lock in her profits on expiration is: ()（分数：2.00）A.Take delivery of the underlying asset and pay $500 to the short.B.Close out the futures position by selling the futures contract at $505.C.Take delivery of the underlying asset and pay the expiration settlement price to the short. √D.Cash settle the futures and receive the difference between $500 and the expiration settlement price.解析：5.Assume U.S. GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) applies unless otherwise noted. Bishop Ltd. received an advanced payment of $10,000 on December 1, for rent on a property for December and January. On receipt they correctly recorded it as cash and unearned revenue. If at December 31, their year-end, they failed to make an adjusting entry related to this payment, ignoring taxes, what would the effect on the financial statements for the year be? ()（分数：2.00）A.Assets are overstated by $5,000 and Liabilities are overstated by $5,000.B.Liabilities are overstated by $5,000 and Net income is overstated by $5,000. √C.Assets are overstated by $5,000 and Owner’s equity is overstated by $5,000.D.Liabilities are overstated by $5,000 and Owners’ equity is understated by $5,000.解析：6.A market participant has a view regarding the potential movement of a stock. He sells a customized over-the-counter put option on the stock when the stock is trading at $38. The put has an exercise price of $36 and the put seller receives $2.25 in premium. The price of the stock is $35 at expiration. The profit or loss for the put seller at expiration is: ()（分数：2.00）A.$1.25.B.$1.00.C.$1.25 √D.$2.25.解析：7.As part of an AIMR investigation into the conduct of Helen, CFA, AIMR requests records from Helen about her investment accounts. Helen writes AIMR a letter stating that under Standard IV (B.5), Preservation of Confidentiality that she is unable to comply with their request. Which of the following statement is TRUE? ()（分数：2.00）A.Is correct in her interpretation of Standard IV (B.5).B.Should not turn over the information because it will violate federal material nonpublic information statutes and AIMR’s Standard V (A) Prohibit against Use of Material Nonpublic information.C.Will no be in violation of Standard IV (B.5) by turning over the requested information because under the Professional Conduct Program, the Disciplinary Review Subcommittee is considered an extension of Helen. √D.All of the above.解析：8.Which of the following is the least accurate statement about the short sale of stocks? () （分数：2.00）A.The short seller must pay any dividends due to the lender of shares.B.A stop buy order would enable a short seller to minimize potential losses.C.Short sales involve time limits for returning the shares borrowed to the lender. √D.A short sale can be made only on an uptick or a zero uptick trade if the previous trade was an uptick trade.解析：9.The appropriate measures of free cash flow and discount rate to use when estimating the total（分数：2.00）A.Answer A.B.Answer B.C.Answer C.D.Answer D. √解析：10. Assume U.S. GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) applies unless otherwise noted. An analyst gathered the following information from a company’s accounting records: Theanalyst’s estimate of net income for 2007 would be closest to: ()（分数：2.00）A.$650,000.B.$850,000.C.$1,050,000. √D.$1,850,000.解析：二、SECTION TWO(Compulsory)：Answer the questions in this section. (总题数：1，分数：10.00)Kammel Capital Management is an institutional money manager that oversees over $12 billion in client assets. Most of its assets under management are invested in the Kammel Funds, a family of 12 mutual funds encompassing 9 growth and value equity funds, and 3 fixed income funds. Linda Karazim is an analyst for the Kammel Strategic Income Fund, a flexible fixed-income fund benchmarked to the Lehman Brothers Aggregate Index. The fund owns a substantial portion of subordinated debentures that were issued by Gernot Incorporated to finance the acquisition of a major competitor in 2002. Karazim has been assigned by the Strategic Income Senior Portfolio Manager, Mark Davidson, to analyze the subordinated debt of Gernot, Inc. Karazim decides that the best way to assess the credit quality of the Gernot’s bonds is to analyze the firm’s financial statements and calculate ratios that will identify trends in the firm’s operations and financing decisions. Karazim searches online and pulls up Gernot’s financial statements for the last threeyears. The statements Karazim uses for her analysis are shown below: As Karazim is working on her project, Jacob Cannon, an analyst for Kammel’s Large Cap Growth F und, stops by Karazim’s office to chat. When Karazim tells him that she is working on a ratio analysis project to assess Gernot Inc.’s subordinated debt, Cannon tells her that Kammel’s growth equity team is potentially looking to purchase Gernot’s stock fo r their fund. Karazim tells Cannon that the return on assets ratio that she has calculated for evaluating Gernot’s debt rating would also be considered one of the most effective ratios for use in valuing Gernot’s stock. Cannon replies that he has been doin g his own ratio analysis to assess Gernot’s systematic risk and one of the most useful ratios for identifying relationships between accounting variables and beta is the current ratio, which would also be useful in forecasting the possibility of Gernot, Inc. going bankrupt. After Karazim completes her analysis, she has a meeting with Davidson to discuss her findings. At the meeting, Karazim tells Davidson that Gernot’s Inc.’s sustainable growth rate based on 2004 data is 9 percent, and that a growing company has a much lower chance of defaulting on its debt. Davidson, always critical of the work of the analysts that work for him, concludes the meeting by telling Karazim that she did good work, but one of the major limitations of the cross-sectional analysis she has performed is that comparisons are made difficult due to different accounting treatments. （分数：10.00）(1).What are Gernot’s total asset turnover for 2004 and the change in the ratio from 2002 to 2004? () 2004 Ratio Change in Ratio （分数：2.00）A.2. 08 decline of 0.18B.1 .52 decline of 0.56 √C.2.08 increase of 0.18D.1.52 increase of 0.56解析：The total asset turnover ratio = sales/assets. In 2002, the ratio was (10,424/5,012) = 2.08. In 2004, the ratio was (11,606/7,636) = 1.52. From 2002 to 2004 the ratio declined by (2.08 –1.52) = 0.56.(2).What is the change in Gernot Inc.’s cash conversion cycle from 2003 to 2004? The cash conversion cycle has: () （分数：2.00）A.Increased by 17 days.B.Increased by 33 days.C.Increased by 25 days. √D.Decreased by 13 days.解析：The cash conversion cycle = (average receivables collection period) + (average inventory processing period) –(payables payment period). For 2003: Receivables turnover = (sales/average receivables) = 11,718/((625+798)/2) = 11,718/712 = 16.46 Average receivables collection period = (365/receivables turnover) = 365/16.46 = 22.17 days Inventory turnover = (COGS/average inventory) = 7183/((1342+937)/2) = 7183/1140 = 6.3 Average inventory processing period = (365/inventory turnover) = 365/6.3 = 57.94 days. Payables turnover = (COGS/average payables) = 7183/((620 + 544)/2) = 7183/582 = 12.34 Payables payment period = (365/12.34) = 29.58 days 2003 cash conversion cycle = 22.17 + 57.94 –29.58 = 50.53 days. For 2004: Receivables turnover = (sales/average receivables) = 11,606/((1294+798)/2) = 11,606/1046 = 11.10 Average receivables collection period =(365/receivables turnover) = 365/11.10 = 32.88 days Inventory turnover = (COGS/average inventory) = 7150/((1342+1552)/2) = 7150/1447 = 4.94 Average inventory processing period = (365/inventory turnover) = 365/4.94 = 73.89 days. Payables turnover = (COGS/average payables) = 7150/((620 + 597)/2) = 7150/609 = 11.74 Payables payment period = (365/11.74) = 31.09 days 2004 cash conversion cycle = 32.88 + 73.89 –31.09 = 75.68 days. From 2003 to 2004, the cash conversion cycle increased by (75.68-50.53) = 25.15 days.(3). Karazim has noted in her analysis that Gernot Inc.’s return on equity has fallen significantly from 2002 to 2004. Using the extended DuPont system, which of the following components had the most impact on Gernot’s ROE decline? () （分数：2.00）A.Financial leverage multiplier.B.Operating profit margin.C.Interest coverage ratio.D.Tax retention rate. √解析：From 2002 to 2004, ROE declined from (328/1575) = 20.8% to (304/2292) = 13.3%. The extended DuPont formula states that ROE = [(operating profit margin)(total asset turnover) – (interest expense rate)](financial leverage multiplier)(tax retention rate) For 2002: Operating profit margin = (EBIT/sales) = (513 + 147)/10,424 = 0.0633 = 6.33%. Total Asset Turnover = (sales/assets) = 10424/5012 = 2.08x Interest Expense rate = (interest expense/assets) = 147/5012 = 2.93% Financial leverage multiplier = (assets/equity) = 5012/1575 = 3.18 Tax retention rate = (1-tax rate) = 1 – (185/513) = 1 – 0.36 = 64%. For 2004: Operating profit margin = (EBIT/sales) = (516 + 340)/11,606 = 0.0738 = 7.38%. Total Asset Turnover = (sales/assets) = 11,606/7,636 = 1.52x Interest Expense rate = (interest expense/assets) = 340/7,636 = 4.45% Financial leverage multiplier = (assets/equity) = 7,636/2,292 = 3.33 Tax retention rate = (1-tax rate) = 1 – (212/516) = 1 – 0.41 = 59%. Since the operating profit margin and the financial leverage multiplier both increased, these did not have an adverse impact on the ROE. The interest coverage ratio is not part of the DuPont formula. The only viable answer is the tax retention rate, which, in fact did decline significantly.(4).Regarding Karazim’s conver sation with Cannon regarding the most useful ratios for various tasks: () （分数：2.00）A.Karazim’s statement is incorrect; Cannon’s statement is incorrect.B.Karazim’s statement is incorrect; Cannon’s statement is correct.√C.Karazim’s statement is correct; Cannon’s statement is correct.D.Karazim’s statement is correct; Cannon’s statement is incorrect.解析：Although return on assets is one of the ratios that bond agencies rely on heavily for deriving their debt ratings, it is not one of the ratios that is deemed most useful for stock valuation, therefore Karazim’s statement is incorrect. Return on equity, (not ROA), is a ratio that is deemedto be very effective for both stock valuation and determining credit ratings. Cannon’s statement is correct – the current ratio is considered to be one of the most effective ratios for both determining systematic risk (beta) based on accounting variables and for forecasting bankruptcy.(5).Karazim decides to enhance her analysis by creating common size statements for Gernot, Inc. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A common size balance sheet expresses all balance sheet accounts as a percent of: () （分数：2.00）A.Total assets and a common size income statement expressall items as a percentage of net income.B.Sales and a common size income statement expressall items as a percentage of net income.C.Sales and a common size income statement expressall items as a percentage of total assets.D.Total assets and a common size income statement expressall items as a percentage of sales. √解析：Common size statements normalize balance sheet items by expressing each item as a percentage of total assets, and normalize income statements by expressing each item as a percentage of sales. Using common size statements allows the analyst to make easier comparisons of different sized firms. Explanations of terms：(10 points) 1. Legal tender：The status of legal tender simply means that coins and paper currency cannot lawfully be refused in payment for goods and services and in discharge of debts. 2. Double-entry bookkeeping：Bookkeeper debits the transaction to one account and credits it to another bill of exchange: A non-interest-bearing written order used primarily in international trade that binds one party to pay a fixed sum of money to another party at a predetermined future date. 3. Arbitrage pricing theory：An equilibrium model of asset pricing that states that the expected return on a security is a linear function of the security’s sensit ivity to various common factors. 4. Soft law：Quasi-legal instruments which do not have any legally binding force, or whose binding force is somewhat "weaker" than the binding force of traditional law, often contrasted to soft law by being referred to as "hard law". 5. Gold markets：According to its nature and the influence on the entire world gold transaction, gold market may be divided into leading market and regional market. According to the difference of transaction type and the transaction way, gold market may be divided into spot transaction and future transaction. Following international experiences, gold market participants include; gold enterprises, banks, hedge funds, organizations and personal investors, broker companies and the exchanges. Factors that Affect Gold Market are the quantity change of structure of supply and demand, economic factors and political situation and unexpected significant events. There are many different ways to invest in gold, such as gold futures, gold exploration companies, blue-chip gold mining stocks, gold mutual funds, gold bars, gold bullion and gold coins.三、Explanations of terms：(总题数：5，分数：30.00)11.Legal tender（分数：6.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：12.Double-entry bookkeeping（分数：6.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：13.Arbitrage pricing theory（分数：6.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：14.Soft law（分数：6.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：15.Gold markets（分数：6.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：四、Question and Answer(总题数：4，分数：40.00)16. What is the Theory of Money Supply by the Monetarist School?（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Friedman held that money demand is relatively stable and money supply must be guaranteed stable, too, if there should be equilibrium between money demand and money supply. So Friedman opposed the management of the aggregate demand raised by Keynes and focused on the importance of money supply. According to the Monetarist School, the core of economic policies is placed on monetary policy, which should be the only important wander-working among all economic policies. Without monetary policy, other eco nomic policies can’t achieve their anticipated effect. Friedman assumed that the best choice in controlling money supply was the "single rule" of monetary policy, i. e. , making it known to the public to adapt a fixed increasing rate of money supply, excluded other factors, such as interest rates, credit flow, excess reserves on a voluntary basis, and so on. So monetary policy should just take a certain money stock as the only decisive factor. In order to carry out the "single rule”, three problems should be solved; the first is how to define the scope of the aggregate money supply; the second is how to decide the increasing rate of money supply and the third is whether or not fluctuation of the increasing rate of money supply is allowed during a certain period, a year or a season. The solution to the above problems is as follows; firstly, M2 should be the scope of the aggregate money supply; secondly, the increasing rate of money supply should be suited to economic growth rate and thirdly, it couldn’t be c hanged at will when the increasing rate of money supply had been decided. If there is need for change of the increasing rate of money supply, it should be announced and the band of fluctuation should be as small as possible. )解析：17.Explain the Open Market Operations.（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(The most widely used instrument of monetary policy is open market operations. Open market operations involve the purchase of securities by a central bank to put additional reserves at the disposal of the banking system or the sale of securities to reduce reserves so that money supply can be altered. Open market operations are the bread-and-butter instrument of Federal Reserve policy in U. S. Because the central bank earns interest income from its securities portfolio, the total revenues earned by the central bank vary in direct proportion to the magnitude of its portfolio. However, this consideration plays no role in the central bank’s decision to acquire or sell securities. Indeed, if it did, the central bank could not perform the chief function of a central bank—conducting monetary policy in a way that contributes to the stability of aggregate expenditures and economic activity. Suppose the U. S. economy is encountering excessive aggregate demand and escalating inflation. The central bank is therefore intent on implementing a policy of monetary restraint. In that event, the central bank would sell securities on the openmarket. Assume that the central bank sells $225 million in U. S. Treasury bills to a government securities dealer, receiving payment via a check written against the dealer’s bank checking account. When the central bank receives the check, it "collects" by debiting the reserve account of (making a bookkeeping entry against) the dealer’s commercial bank and returns the check to that bank. Upon receipt of the check, the commercial bank debits the dealer’s demand deposit account. The relevant balance sheets exhibit the following changes. )解析：18.(1) State the difference between a documentary credit and a documentary collection. (2) Why is a documentary credit arrangement important to an exporter? (3) What is the difference between a revocable credit and an irrevocable credit?（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：((1) A documentary credit is a written undertaking by a banker who is the agent fro the importer or the buyer. The function of a documentary collection is to provide both importer (buyer) and exporter (seller) with a compromise to settle their trade transactions between payment in advance and on open account terms. The parties involved in a documentary credit arrangement include issuing banker, advising banker, the applicant and the beneficiary. Parties involved in a documentary collection include the drawer (exporter or seller), the remitting bank, the collecting bank and the drawee (importer or buyer). . Their processes are different. (2) In accordance with the instructions of the importer, the bank undertakes to pay the exporter, up to a limit, within a designated time period and against any stipulated terms and documents. The credit created for international settlement among banks not only provides a sense of security for the traders involved , but also a reliable source of finance for foreign trade where required .(3) A "revocable credit" may be cancelled at any time up to the moment the advising bank pays. This type of credit is the least favorable to the exporter. An irrevocable credit may not be amended or even cancelled without the consent of all the parties involved. This type of credit guarantees payment to the beneficiary, provided that the credit terms and conditions are met. ) 解析：19.What are the Countering Financial Abuse and Crime? What Others Are Doing?（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：((1) Since the late 1980s, the growing concerns about drug trafficking and the uses made of globalization facilitated by the advancements in communication technology have led to direct and indirect approaches by different international institutions and the international community to combat financial crime and money laundering. (2) The FATF and affiliated regional organizations lead the international efforts in directly combating money laundering. Members of the FATF engage in annual self-assessments and in periodic mutual evaluations of members’ anti-money laundering efforts. In June 2000, the FATF identified 15 non-member jurisdictions that it considers as "non-cooperative with international efforts against money laundering". Since the FATF is a voluntary task force and not a treaty organization, its recommendations do not constitute a binding international convention. Fund staff has participated, as observers, in most FATF plenaries since 1980. At the request of the FATF, Fund staff made a statement at the Junel996 FATF Plenary on the macroeconomic impact of money laundering, and the Managing Director made a statement at the February 1998 FATF plenary. The FATF has recently agreed to share results from their exercises with Fund staff conducting financial assessments, in the context of FSAP and OFC assessments. At a recent IMF Executive Board meeting, the possibility was raised that the FATF could be invited to prepare ROSC modules on Fund members’ observance of the FATFs Forty Recommendations. Some members of the FATF have asked that the Fund’s Article IV"? Surveill ance and program conditionally include anti-money laundering considerations. The FATF President, ina letter to Fund management, suggested that the FATF Forty Recommendations be adopted as the anti-money laundering standard. (3) Other direct efforts to counter financial crime are undertaken mainly by the International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) and national financial intelligence units (FIUs). The United Nations takes part in the direct efforts through the United Nation’s Office for Drug Cont rol and Crime Prevention Global Program against Money Laundering (UNDCCP), which monitors weaknesses in global financial systems and assists countries in criminal investigations. Recently, the international community’s awareness of financial system abuse has been heightened by the work of the FSF. In May 2000, the FSF classified 42 OFCs into three groupings, and called on the Fund to take the lead in assessing OFCs adherence to internationally accepted standards and codes. (4) Indirect efforts to counter financial system abuse focus on the preconditions for the proper functioning of financial systems and the formulation and enforcement of relevant laws. These efforts encompass general standards for the supervision and regulation of banks, securities markets, and insurance, as incorporated in the standards developed by the Basel Committee, the IOSCO, and the IAIS. The substance of relevant FATF recommendations is incorporated in the principles of supervision of the Basel Committee and other international supervisory standard-setters. (5) Banking, insurance, and securities markets supervisors are involved in both indirect and direct efforts to combat financial system abuse. Supervisors in different countries exchange information (often based on a network of memoranda of understandings) about individual banks, insurance companies, or agents in the securities markets, with a view to uncover unsound and illegal activities such as securities fraud, insider trading, or misreporting. Supervision is also exercised over the internal mechanisms to control risks, particularly operational risks, which also contributes to countering fraud and other forms of financial crime. (6) Out of concern over the potential impact of tax-induced distortions in capital and financial flows on welfare and on individual countries tax bases, the OECD initiated coordinated action for the elimination of harmful tax practices. In May 1998, the OECD issued a report on Harmful Tax Competition including a series of 19 recommendations for combating harmful tax practices, established a Forum on Harmful Tax Practices, and proposed Guidelines for Dealing with Harmful Preferential Regimes in Member Countries (Annex II). In June 2000, OECD issued a list of countries it considers as engaged in harmful tax practices. )解析：。
PETS-5考试介绍
英语入门考试（PET)是为具备中等偏下水平的英语学习者设计的考试。
达到PET水平的学生应具备自如应付在英语国家的社会和工作环境中遇到的可预知的情况，如能阅读简易读物和文章、写简单的私人信件以及在会议中作记录行等。
PET每年世界有来自80多个国家的80，000多人次参加该考试。
为什么要考PET？-国家认可、终生有效的英语能力证书-高质量的国际英语考试-系统提高英语听、说、读、写四会能力的最佳方式-是进入更高水平考试的最佳途径-是公司招聘及高校录取的资格要求-提供实际的语言能力证明（如在旅游行业里的文书性、文秘性、行政性工作的能力）考试内容PET由三部分试卷组成：阅读与写作、听力、口试。
阅读与写作占考试总分的50%。
听力、口试各占总分的25%。
阅读与写作（试卷1）时间：1小时30分钟阅读-要求考生理解公共场合的通知，符号或标记。
能读懂事实性短篇文章，并提取信息。
能说明语言结构，作者意图及文章可能对读者产生的影响。
写作-要求考生完成句型转换、填充表格、提供信息、报告事件、描述情境，表达观点等任务。
听力（试卷2）时间：30分钟要求考生能听懂公共通告并做出回应，理解对话，提取事实性信息，了解说话者态度。
口试（试卷3）时间：10-12分钟考核考生在交流过程中参与、理解问题与任务及恰当回复的能力。
考生两人一组应试。
考试时间及地点PET考试每年举行两次，分别在五月至六月，十一月至十二月的固定日期进行。
世界160多个国家中有3000多个考试中心，其中中国有60多个，考生可在获批准的剑桥英语考点报考。
欲了解有关详情，请与环球国际英语商务英语部联系电话:88026161考试结果的评定与发布PET试卷的评分工作都在剑桥大学进行。
阅卷人为具有相应级别英语教学经验的专家，他们受过相应培训，并在阅卷全过程受经验丰富的高级阅卷人检查监督。
PET考试成绩分四个级别：优秀（Pass with Merit），合格（Pass），接近合格（Narrow Fail），不合格（Fail）。
学术信息平台之考级考证
目录前言 (2)金融篇 (3)电商篇 (6)国经篇 (7)经济学篇 (9)通用篇 (11)反馈卡 (15)前言“学术信息平台”是由经济与金融学院学生会学习部主编的信息共享册，旨在为同学们提供相关学习、咨询信息，服务同学。
该平台一系列共分为四部分“考级考证”、“考研”、“出国留学”、“公务员考试”。
《学术信息平台之考级考证》一册为了给同学们提供更好更多更详细的考级考证建议，其主要涉及本院金融学、国际经济与贸易、电子商务、经济学四个专业共计二十四个证书，按专业列出。
其中英语等级及计算机、会计证等为通用证件，故单列出来。
本册大致列出考级考证需要的一些相关信息供同学们参考。
其中“报考建议”多为网友建议，不代表编辑意见。
另，因条件限制提供的资料有限并可能出错，欢迎大家建议指正。
感谢为本册编辑提供建议的老师和学长学姐。
编辑小组: 王昭杰赵浩杰陈龄童胡旸反馈邮箱：1072911198@2014年3月金融篇一、银行业从业资格1．证书介绍：中国银行业从业人员资格认证制度，由四个基本的环节组成，即资格标准、考试制度、资格审核和继续教育。
我国银行到2012年，将基本完成现有从业人员资格认证考试工作；公共基础证书成为行业上岗标准；逐步实施专业证书分级管理。
2．发证机关：中国银行业从业人员资格认证办公室3．报名时间：一般为每年三月下半月、八月下半月4．考试时间：一般为每年五月底、十月底5．报名条件：⑴年满18周岁；⑵具有完全民事行为能力；⑶高中以上文化程度。
6．报名费用：考试费用：100元/科。
7．参考书目：《中国银行业从业人员资格认证考试辅导教材–公共基础》《中国银行业从业人员资格认证考试辅导教材–个人理财》《中国银行业从业人员资格认证考试辅导教材–风险管理》《中国银行业从业人员资格认证考试辅导教材–公司信贷》《中国银行业从业人员资格认证考试辅导教材–个人贷款》8．报考建议：（网友感言）⑴复习要紧扣考试大纲，要根据大纲所列的知识点复习、掌握。
金融专业英语证书考试FECT模拟试题-4
金融专业英语证书考试FECT模拟试题-4(总分100, 考试时间90分钟)SECTION ONE (Compulsory)：Answer all ten questions in this section. Each question carries 1 mark.1. Multiple-choice questions: from the following four options, selecta correct and fill in its labeling the brackets.1.Suppose the demand for tea is very price-elastic. To increase revenue, the tea supplier should ___ the price level.A IncreaseB DecreaseC Not changeD Uncertain该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B2.Which of the following would NOT cause a shift upward of the consumption schedule? ()A An increase in household wealth.B An expectation of rising incomes in the future.C A reduction in income taxes.D An increase in household disposable income.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D3.An increase of $1,000 in bank deposits will: ()A Result in a higher level of inflation.B Mean proportionately increased bank profits.C Facilitate the credit creation process.D Bring about government intervention in the working of the bankingsystem.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C4.A rising foreign exchange rate for country X will: ()A Result in a rise in X’s RPI.B Be likely to raise the employment level in X.C Favor those holidaying in X from abroad.D Ease inflationary pressures with X.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D5.Cutting taxes can lower investment through its impact on interest rates. This is an example of the: ()A Income effect.B Accelerator effect.C Crowding out effect.D Multiplier effect.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B6.Which one of the following is the most widely used measure of inflation? ()A The Consumer Price Index.B The Index of Leading Economic Indicators.C The prime rate.D The Federal Funds rate.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A7.You have just won the lottery (congratulations!) and are given the option of receiving $2,000,000 now or an annuity of 200,000 at the end of each year for thirty years. Which of the following is correct? () (assume you are making the decision based on present values)A You cannot choose between the two without first computing future values.B You will always choose the lump sum regardless of interest rates.C Comparing the future value of each will lead to the same decision as comparing present values.D You will always choose the annuity.E You will choose the lump sum if interest rates are 7%.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C8.A company buys 10 items at a price of £200 each, all on 14 days free credit. It then sells on the next day 5 units for £350 each. One item was sold for cash, the remainder on 21 days free credit. What effect do these transactions have on the firm’s cash fl ow on the day of the sale? ()A Gains £750B Gains £1,750C Loses £2,000D Gains £350.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D9.A firm has fixed costs of £100,000 per month and variable costs of £25 for item. It sells them for £50 each. If it sells 5,000 units each month, what is the firm’s Margin of Safety? ()A 1,000 units per monthB £50,000C 1,000 unitsD 25%.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A10.Fred Perry, CFA, purchased $100,000 of a newly issued Treasury inflation protection security based on the following characteristics and information.The coupon payment at the end of one year is closest to: ()A $2,000.B $2,100.C $5,000.D $7,000该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:BSECTION TWO(Compulsory)：Answer the questions in this section.Reading Comprehension:Arnold Barker is an analyst at BAYCON Investments. He has been asked to revise BAYCON’s credit analysis process for corporate fixe d-income securities. This credit analysis process is the basis for the selection of individual bonds for BAYCON’s fixed-income portfolios. Hank Su, Barker’s supervisor, comments that one limitation of the current credit analysis process at BAYCON is that it only provides an estimate of a bond’s default risk. He asks Barker to expand the credit analysis processto provide an estimate of a bond’s credit spread risk. Su defines credit spread risk as follows:"Credit spread risk is the risk that the issuer will fail to satisfy the terms of the bond with respect to payments.”In addition, Su believes that the current credit analysis process focuses too much on character, collateral, and covenants, and not enough on capacity. In response to Su’s observations, Barker develops a quantitative debt-capacity model to assess the capacity of an issuer to meet its obligations. His debt-capacity model is based on the issuer’s profitability, debt coverage, and cash flow analysis. Barker decides to use the model to evaluate Haynes Industries, a recent investment-grade bond issuer. To calculate the inputs to the debt-capacity model, Barker gathered selected financial data, displayed in Exhibit 1, on Haynes Industries.Exhibit 1Selected Financial Data for Haynes Industries(In millions)Barker also decides to look at several key ratios used by Standard & Poor’s and other credit analysts, including coverage ratios, solvency ratios, and "funds from operations / total debt."Ed Dawson, a fixed-income research manager at BAYCON, has reviewed Barker’s debt-capacity model and makes the following statements about the model’s applicability to high-yield bonds, asset-backed securities, and municipal bonds:1. For the model to be useful for high-yield issues, it must consider the entire debt structure of the issuer. For example, high-yield issuers rely to a greater extent on bank debt than investment-grade issuers.2. While the model has limited applicability in the assessment of the credit of asset-backed securities, it can be used to evaluate the quality of the service. However, it cannot be used to assess the underlying collateral’s ability to generate cash flows.3. The credit analysis of municipal tax-backed bonds should involve assessing the issuer’s:debt structure,ability and political discipline to maintain sound budgetary policy, local tax base and intergovernmental revenues available, andflow of funds structure.11.Su’s definition of credit spread risk is: ()A Correct.B Incorrect, be cause credit spread risk is the risk that a bond’sprice will fall when the bond’s risk premium increases while the yield on a similar maturity Treasury bond falls.C Incorrect, because credit spread risk is the risk t hat a bond’sprice will fall when the bond’s risk premium decreases while the yield on a similar maturity Treasury bond rises.D Incorrect, because credit spread risk is the risk that a bond’sprice will fall when the bond’s risk premium remains constant while the yield on a similar maturity Treasury bond rises.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:ADistinguish among default risk, credit spread risk, and downgrade risk.Credit spread risk is the risk an issuer’s debt obligation will relatively decline due to an increase in the credit spread. In this case the credit spread is increasing and the bond’s price will fall.12.The "funds from operations / total debt" ratio for Haynes Industries for 2004 was closest to: ()A 50.5%.B 52.1%.C 52.1%.D 63.5%.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CCalculate, critique, and interpret the key financial ratios used by credit analysts.Funds from operations / total debt = 7,672 / 14,147 = 54.23%. Funds from operations is defined as (Net Income + Depreciation & Amortization + Other non-cash charges) = (5,186 + 1,703 + 783) = 7,672. Total debt is defined as (Current Maturity of LTD + Long-Term Debt + Lease Debt Equivalent) = (2,172 + 11,475 + 500) = 14,147.13.For 2004, compared with 2003, did Haynes Industries have an increase or decrease in: ()A Answer A.B Answer B.C Answer C.D Answer D.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:BCalculate, critique, and interpret the key financial ratios used by credit analysts.The interest coverage ratio [(EBIT (EBITDA)) / interest expense] increased from 8.97 (9.89) in 2003 to 10.40 (11.38) in 2004, and short-term solvency decreased from 1.358 in 2003 to 1.128 in 2004 where:*Current Liabilities = Current Assets - Working Capital 2004: Current Liabilities = 8,668 - 984 = 7,6842003: Current Liabilities = 8,232 - 2,168 = 6,06414.Given the debt structure described in Dawson’s first statement, the factor that is least likely to affect the creditworthiness of the high-yield issuer is the: ()A Ability to refinance.B Impact of sale of assets.C Presence of senior bonds in the debt structure.D Impact of changes in short-term interest rates.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CIdentify, explain, and interpret the typical elements of the corporate structure and debt structure of a high-yield issuer and the impact of these elements on the risk position of the lender. Bank loans have a priority over other debt issues; therefore the presence of senior bonds in the debtstructure will have little impact on the credit analysis of high-yield issuers.15.Regarding Dawson’s second stat ement that refers to asset-backed securities is he correct or incorrect in describing the model’s ability to: ()A Answer A.B Answer BC Answer CD Answer D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CDiscuss the factors considered by rating agencies in rating asset-backed securities.In the case of an asset-backed security, the quality of the service is evaluated using factors such as servicing history, underwriting standards for loan origination, servicing capabilities, business environment, and financial condition. The model will only address financial condition. Dawson is correct in stating that the model cannot be used to determine the ability of the underlying collateral to generate cash flows.Explanations of terms16.Liquidity trap该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 6答案:As the money supply increases the supply-of-money curve intersects the demand-for-money curve at flat part of the latter where an increase in the money supply no longer reduce the interest rate. This flat portion of the demand-for-money is called liquidity trap, which illustrates that the interest rate is insensitive to the increase of the money supply andpeople’s demand for money becomes infinitely large at the flat portion of the demand-for-money.17.Recognition lag该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 6答案:The recognition lag is the period that elapses between the time at which economic situation changes and the time at which the policymaking officials become aware of the need for action. This time lag could be negative if the disturbance can be predicted and appropriate policy actions considered before it even occurs.18.Group of Seven (G-7)该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 6答案:Seven of the world’s leading countries that meet periodically to achieve a cooperative effort on international economic and monetary issues。
金融专业英语考试基本要求
金融专业英语考试根本要求本考试为金融专业英语水平考试(银行综合类)，旨在测试并认定应试人员的金融专业英语语言水平与实际运用英语处理业务的能力。
本考试的证书可作为在金融部门从事相应的涉外业务工作、参加涉外培训、职称评定和各类毕业学生进入金融部门就业等方面的参考依据。
本考试要求应试人员具备在金融业务中较熟练地运用英语的能力。
参加本考试的应试人员应掌握7000根底英语及金融专业英语词汇，熟悉根本的业务概念和术语及一般的业务程序和原理，能听懂日常会话和一般的业务交谈，具有在篇章水平上运用英语根本语法知识的能力，能看懂与金融业务有关的一般文字材料，拟写一般的业务文件。
本考试涉及的业务范围主要包括：经济及金融根底知识、贸易和非贸结算、信贷、会计、资金交易、外汇管理、银行法律知识等。
1、听力：分为三个部分：第一部分为针对单句的单项选择；第二部分为针对对话的单项选择；第三部分为针对短文的单项选择。
2、笔试：分为单项选择、完型填空、判断正误、短文阅读理解(共50%)和写作(20%)。
其中写作又分为三部分：第一部分为填写表格、单证等；第二部分为翻译(汉译英或英译汉)；第三部分为按要求拟写短文(如函电、通知、留言、备忘录等)。
本考试每年举行一次，时间在每年五月的第四个星期六。
每次考试时间为150分钟，其中听力30分钟。
金融专业英语考试的对象及构成考试对象本考试的对象为金融系统(包括外资、合资银行及非银行金融机构)的从业人员及一切有志于金融事业开展的人员。
考试构成本考试包括听力和笔试两部分，主要从以下方面测试应试人员运用英语处理日常银行业务的能力：听力部分(占30%)：包括简短会话、报告、陈述、访谈、讨论、通讯对话、接待客户、介绍业务、提供效劳等。
笔试部分(占70%)：包括各种图表、备忘录、财务报表、留言、行情表、业务函电、简历、广告、业务简介等。
全国金融专业英语证书考试委员会决定：每年5月的最后一个双休日，在全国金融系统进展金融专业英语证书银行综合类和中级四科考试。
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金融专业英语证书考试的经验交流
金融专业英语证书考试运行十周年随笔
金融英语证书考试，缩写FECT，全称Financial English Certificate Test，是中国人民银行和国家教育部联合主办的金融行业英语证书考试。
旨为适应金融业改革发展和扩大对外开放的需要，加快我国金融业与国际接轨的步伐，同时面向未来，为国家和各金融机构培养既精通现代金融知识、又能运用英语从事金融业务及管理工作的跨世纪的中、高层复合型人才，促进金融职工队伍素质的全面提高，1994年4月，中国人民银行与国家教委联合发出《关于建立＜金融专业英语证书考试制度＞的通知》，在全国试行金融专业英语证书考试制度。
1995年试点，1996年正式推行，XX年此项考试向社会全面开放，受众由业界发展到社会，这一行业性的英语考试对社会产生了很大的影响，证书的权威性也不断得到肯定。
金融英语证书从一个评价业内在职人员英语素质的行业证书扩大到无报考限制的社会性行业证书，经历了十年的历程。
值此十周年纪念日，我从自己参加考试的体会和收获谈谈对其的认识。
1997年当我进入中国银行铜陵分行国际结算科工作后，我首次听到了“金融英语专业考试”这个名词，当时不识庐山真面目，但行内部分英语专业的同事连续参加但没有通过
考试的经历激励了我报考的志向。
当我报名后拿着银行初级类的三本教材后，确实有些发懵了，除了第三本涉及英文函电的内容我还能应付，前两本涉及的业务范围要包括：经济及金融基础知识、贸易和非贸易结算、信贷、会计、资金交易、外汇管理、银行法律等诸多知识。
很多基本的业务概念和术语及一般的业务程序和原理，我都看不连贯甚至不懂，看来确实不能轻视。
当时，我还在进行金融本科的自学考试，为能顺利通过金融英语考试，我拟定了三个月的学习计划。
其中的两个月主要进行金融专业的了解和金融知识储备，比如国际金融、货币银行学、国际经济、会计学的基本内容以及对相关法律的基本认识，国际贸易结算和非贸易结算的实际操作，还要进行专业词汇的准备，掌握一定的金融专业英语词汇量。
我认为对英语基础较好，有英语四、六级证书的人来说，这个考试的难点在于金融专业本身，对银行业务的实际操作有一些要求，因为专业教育跟实际操作是脱钩的，要想得到衔接，接受相关的业务培训是极有必要的。
我当时通读了《人民银行法》、《商业银行法》、《保险法》等国家相关法律，熟悉掌握了国际结算实务，尤其以信用证业务和票据为主，阅读了大量的英文函电和商务会谈等。
两个月的业务学习要紧凑，好比吟诗作画要一气呵成，因为连贯才能收到成效。
后一个月要进行听力的训练和测试，因为当时考试条件限制，听力测试是通过考场录音机播放进行的，听觉效
果差，所以必须采取锻炼以适应。
最终，功夫不负有心人，次年考试我顺利通过并取得了ＦＥＣＴ证书。
经过这次考试，让我对国际业务中用英语阐述的业务概念和术语及一般的业务程序和原理，从模糊到清晰，从理性到感性，在日后的业务处理中，不仅看得懂与金融业务相关的各类文字材料和英文函电，同时具有在业务篇章水平上运用英语基本语法知识的能力来拟写业务文件和电文。
这迅速提炼了我金融专业英语语言水平与实际运用英语处理金融业务的能力，对我后来的工作得益匪浅。
此后，我一直从事本行涉外业务。
因英语基础好，工作能力强，很快我就成为部门业务主办，后被提拔为营业部分管外汇业务的副主任，去年股改职位竞聘为国际结算部经理，ＦＥＣＴ证书成为我任职资格评定的能力重要依据之一。
在我看来，《金融专业英语证书》考试是为培养既懂专业英语又精通银行业务的复合型跨世纪金融人才建立和实施的。
这种考试是全国第一个国家级的行业性英语证书考试，比社会上一般的英语等级考试更接近金融业务的实际，对于金融行业国际业务岗位应提出硬性要求，明确提出只有拥有该证书的员工才能上岗，以增强员工的竞争意识，提升涉外岗位的综合素质。
ＦＥＣＴ考试从原先只作为金融系统内部的考试，以金融业从业人员和金融专业毕业生为主，到向全社会开放，推
动了ＦＥＣＴ考试的良性发展，同时也为有志于在金融界发展的人员提供系统学习的机会。
XX年初中国人民银行已与国家外国专家局签署合作备忘录，在取得FECT证书后加试BFT 的英语口语考试合格后即可获BFT证书，中级四科考试成绩亦得到香港银行业务证书考试的相应科目的认可。
由此展望金融专业英语证书考试能够更好地起到发现人才和促进人才培养的作用，为金融事业的改革和发展和金融职工队伍整体素质的提高做出自己的贡献。