【绝对精品】英语语法24-后置、前置、倒装-Postponement, Fronting and Inversion
语法：英语倒装
语法：英语倒装1.概念：有时由于语法或修辞的需要将谓语的部分或全部提到主语前面，这样的语序叫做倒装：①语法结构的需要通常体现在疑问句、there be 结构等需要用倒装句；②语法修饰的需要：倒装句可以起强调作用，加强语气。
2.分类：英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。
如果将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，这称之为完全倒装。
如果只将助动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，这称之为部分倒装。
3.用法：Ⅰ.完全倒装是将谓语的全部放在主语之前，此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时两种，例如：On her left sat her husband. 她左边坐着她丈夫。
Here is the book you want. 你要的书在这儿。
Down went the small boat. 小船沉下去了。
Ⅰ.部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词，移至主语之前。
Only by working hard can one succeed. 只有努力才能成功。
Never have I seen her before. 我以前没见过她。
注意：如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
4.常见倒装句式：Ⅰ. There be句型；A book is there on the desk.→There is a book on the desk.An old man lives there by the sea.→There lives an old man by the sea.Ⅰ. here、there、now、then等开头的句子；Here comes the bus! / Now comes your turn.但是注意，如果主语是人称代词，则不倒装，如：Here you are. / There she comes.Ⅰ. 当表示地点的介词词组在句首；At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.Under the tree was lying a cat.Ⅰ. 句首为否定或半否定的词语；如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…等。
英语语法 倒装句有哪些常见的类型
英语语法倒装句有哪些常见的类型倒装句是英语语法中的一种特殊结构，它改变了正常的语序，将谓语动词或助动词放在主语之前。
倒装句在英语中有多种常见的类型，下面将详细介绍每一种类型，并给出相应的例句。
1. 完全倒装句（Full Inversion）：完全倒装句是最常见的倒装句类型之一，它将谓语动词完全颠倒放在主语之前。
完全倒装句通常在以下情况下使用：-当以副词或短语开头时，如：never, rarely, seldom, little, not only, only, hardly, scarcely等。
例句：- Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset before.- Rarely does he go out on weekends.-当以地点状语开头时，如：here, there, in, out等。
例句：- Here comes the bus.- Out rushed the children to play in the snow.-当以表示方向的副词或短语开头时，如：up, down, in, out, off等。
例句：- Down fell the rain from the dark clouds.- Off went the alarm, waking everyone up.-当以表示方式的副词或短语开头时，如：in this way, in that case, in no time等。
例句：- In this way can we solve the problem effectively.- In no time did he finish the exam.-当以否定词开头时，如：not, never, seldom, rarely等。
例句：- Not a single word did he say.- Seldom have I heard such beautiful music.2. 部分倒装句（Partial Inversion）：部分倒装句是倒装句的另一种类型，它将助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，而谓语动词保持不变。
语法——前置与倒装
3. 倒装前置：某些句首为主语补语的句子 倒装前置： Among those invited were some young ladies. On your left is the river. 介词短语 Above is a young couple who moved in not long ago. Below is the blue ocean. 介词转换而来的方位副词 First to arrive were their two cousins. 由first, last等构成的短语 等构成的短语 Facing the lake was a little inn with broad windows. Seated round the table were Mr. Smith and his family. 分词短语 以上形式的主语补语置于句首时引起倒装。 以上形式的主语补语置于句首时引起倒装。
5. 句首为 here 或 there 的句子 Here is the address of your hotel. Here comes the cloud of smoke. There goes the last bus. 置于句首时， 当 here 或 there 置于句首时，通常把 be, come, go 等表示 位置移动的动词放在主语之前，引起全部倒装。 位置移动的动词放在主语之前，引起全部倒装。 但是，以下句子不能倒装： 但是，以下句子不能倒装： Here we are at the hotel. Here he comes. There he is. 当主语是代词时，则用正常语序。 当主语是代词时，则用正常语序。
11. 句首为否定词语的句子 具有否定含义的词或短语置于句首时，引起部分倒装。 具有否定含义的词或短语置于句首时，引起部分倒装。 I will never do that again. Never will I do that again. He is no longer living here. No longer is he living here. 含有否定词 eads anything at all. Hardly does he read anything at all. I thought little he would take me seriously. Little did I think he would take me seriously. 否定副词 hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, little 等
英语倒装句语法讲解
英语倒装句语法讲解英语的语序一般是主语在前，谓语在后。
如果把谓语动词的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序就叫做倒装•倒装的作用为了强调、突出等词语•英语中的九大成分，倒装只与主谓有关全部倒装：把句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前（谓语动词要和后面的主语保持一致）1.下列副词位于句首需要倒装方位副词：up,down,in,away,off,out等时间副词：now,then等地点副词：here,there等以及表示地点的介词短语Besides the lake stand a couple of trees and under them runs a path. → A couple of trees stand beside the lake and a path runs under them.湖边有几棵树，树下有一条小路。
（方位副词）Out of the room stands a big monster. → A big monste r stands out of the room.房子外边有一个怪兽（方位副词）At the front of the book is a table of content. → A table of content is at the front of book.书的前部有目录（方位副词）Now speaks the headamaster. → The headmaster speaks now.现在说话的是班长（时间副词）Then came the chairman. → The chairman came then.然后主席来了（时间副词）Here comes the bus. → The bus comes here.公交车来了（地点副词）Sitting at the next table was a pretty girl waiting for someone.→ a pretty girl waiting for someone was Sitting at thenext table.隔壁桌坐着一个漂亮女人正在等着谁（地点介词短语）By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. →A young man with a magazine in his hand sat by the window.窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志（地点介词短语）Among these people was his friend Jim. → His friend jim was among these people.他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中（地点介词短语）2. 表语位于句首，需要全部倒装（为了强调或者为了使句子平衡或者为了使上下文连接得更加紧密）Such are the facts. → the facts are such.事实就是这些Gone are the days when woman were looked down upon.→The days when woman were looked down upon are gone.女性被看不起的时代已经过去了3. 当主语是代词时，不能倒装Here it is（不倒装）——here is the book（倒装）Here you are（不倒装）——here are the students.（倒装）部分倒装：把句子中的部分动词置于主语之前（be动词、情态动词、助动词），如果句中没有be动词、情态动词或者助动词，应当补充（do，does，did）置于主语之前。
英语中常见的倒装形式
英语中常见的倒装形式
以下是英语中常见的倒装形式：
1. 完全倒装：将助动词、情态动词或连系动词放在句首，主语紧随其后。
例如：
- Not only did I study English, but I also learned French.
- Can you play the guitar?
2. 部分倒装：将助动词、情态动词或连系动词与主语之间倒装。
例如：
- She can speak six languages, so she is very talented.
- Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.
3. 省略倒装：在某些条件下，如果从句的主语是it，常常省略
主语，将动词原形或助动词置于句首。
例如：
- It is important that he finish his homework before he goes out.
- It was not until I met him that I realized he was famous.
4. 条件倒装：在以if引导的条件句中，可以将主句与从句中
的谓语动词倒装。
例如：
- If I were you, I would go to the doctor.
- Should you need any help, please let me know.
这些是英语中常见的倒装形式的例子。
请注意，在英语中有许多其他的倒装结构，这里只列出了一些常见的例子。
后置、前置、倒装
后置、前置、倒装
语序： “正常词序”(Normal Order)，又叫“自然词序”(Natural Order)。如： My mother likes a cup of tea every afternoon． My uncle was formerly a teacher of chemistry． 非正常语序：
1、后置
后置(Postponement)： 1)句尾焦点(End Focus)和句尾重心(End Weight)。 信息的单位(Information Unit)， “旧信息+新信息” 旧信息(Old Information)，又叫已知信息(Given／Known Information)是 新信息(New Information) 信息焦点(Information Focus)，又叫句尾焦点，(End Focus)
例如： Gladly would I pay more if I could get better service by doing Many a time has Mike given me good advice． 如果主语较长，也可全部倒装。例如： Thus began an intricate minuet(小步舞)between US and the Chinese. 当然，方式状语等移至句首，也可以不用倒装。例如： Stealthily the girl crept out of the door． Slowly and impressively he rose from his seat．
最通常引起倒装的是某些状语的前置。 1、全部倒装(Full Inversion)，整个谓语置于主 语之前 2、局部倒装(Partial Inversion)，操作词置于主 语之前。 引起倒装的前置状语大体有下列几种情况：
grammar(Fronting & postponement)前置与后置
Inversion
as引导的让步状语从句用倒装结构，将表 语或谓语中的动词提前。系动词be前置用 倒装结构，引导让步状语从句。 Small as it is, an atom can still be seen. →Though it is small, an atom can still be seen. Be he poor or rich, I will marry him all the same. →Whether he should be poor or rich, I will marry him all the same.
all,most, half, enough,some,the rest,the reminder等+of…短语作主语时，谓语动 词的单复数形式由of后面的决定。
• e.g. When enough of the tree is chopped away, the tree falls. • 如果一棵树砍去足够多的部分，树就会倒 下。 • Enough of the data have been collected. • 已经收集了足够多的数据。
• （1）倍数+形容词（或副词）的比较级+than • This rope is twice longer than that one．这根绳的长度是 那根绳的三倍。（比那根绳长二倍） • （2）倍数+as+形容词（或 much）或副词+as • This big stone is three times as heavy as that one．这块 大石头的重量是那一块的三倍。（这块石头比那块重二倍） • （3）倍数+the size（length，height…）of • This street is four times the length of that street．这条街 是那条街的四倍长。
前置、后置与倒装资料.
• Books, he had treasured from the earliest period of his life.
• Very strange it seemed.
• 作用一：使上下文衔接紧密
• Mr White fried two small pieces of fish. One of these he fed to his cat. The other he ate himself.
1.Women may soon be able to compete with men in most sporting events. Men may deny it.
Evaen) tShoturgehsmseinngmawy odemnyeint, ’wsomroenlemiany ssoponobrteinabgleetovceonmtpsete …… Wbom) eSntmreasy ssoinongbemaeblne’tso cdoemnpeiatel with men in most sporting events, but men may
• He gave a book to me.
• 前者侧重在a book ，适合于回答What did he give me?后者侧重在me，适合回答Who did he give a book to?由此可见，间接宾语的位置虽然 可前可后，但在一定上下文中它只能在前或者只 能在后。
Combine each set of sentences into one sentence with necessary changes according to the stressed points indicated below:
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PART TWO
2
Fronting
Fronting Without Inversion
Fronting with
Inversion
Fronting means the placement of a normally non-initial element at the head of a sentence so as to give prominence and lend emphasis.
Considering the free health care, the cheap tuition fees, and the wonderful winters, I am willing to pay slightly higher taxes for the privilege of living in Canada. I am willing to pay slightly higher taxes for the privilege of living in Canada, considering the free health care, the cheap tuition fees, and the wonderful winters.
complement is
and
often associated with inversion when
Joan he gave nothing, but George he gave 10 shillings.
Fool Joe may be, but thief he is not.
Without Inversion
With Inversion
a) The fronting of
the subject
6
The cross-examination was expertly handled.
It lasted only half an hour.
How long did the cross-examination last?
The expertly handed crossexamination lasted only half an hour.
Very strange it seemed.
A scandal I call it.
Without Inversion
With Inversion
b) Also occurs when the object or the complement is initially placed to acquire a contrastive meaning and and to ensure balance in sentence structure.
Old Information
Information Focus
Mr. Smith is a friend of my father’s.
New Information
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Information Focus / End Focus
To ensure End Weight, one would better not to use predicate which is too short. In other words, a single intransitive verb should NOT to be used as the predicate.
Postponement Fronting & Inversion
CONTENTS
PART 2
Fronting
PART 1
Postponement
PART 3
Inversion
PART ONE
1
Postponement
3
Information Focus / End Focus
The sentence as an information unit, consists of two parts: old information + new information. Information Focus or End Focus is usually placed at the end of a sentence.
Although he wanted the job more than anything in the world, he knew he had little chance of getting it. He knew he had little chance of getting the job, although he wanted it more than anything in the world.
Without Inversion
With Inversion
a) Usually occurs
when the object or
the subject / object
complement is
and
initially placed for
textual cohesion.
A horrible mess you’ve made.
He smokes. He smokes cigarettes.
He rests. He took a rest.
I visited her. I paid her a visit.
Postponement
Postponement means delaying the appearance of a grammatical unit until a later time, achieving emphasis. He gave me a book. He gave a book to me.
The half-hour crossexamination was expertly handed.
How was the cross-examination handled?
Periodic Sentence V.S. Loose sentence
Mainly for rhetoric effects.