众筹模式研究外文文献翻译最新翻译
Osterwalder参考模型视角下众筹商业模式分析
图 3 众筹融资产业链图
众筹网站、项目发起人、项目资助人以及 其他关注者，均有很强的基于获取关注或 者兴趣的动力，对网站内容进行微博关注 与推广。二是软文推广。软文推广具有性 价比高、转载率较高、持久性强、更具公 信力等优势。众筹网站往往将成功项目、企 业动态、创始人动态等进行软文包装，从 而吸引更多用户的关注。三是 ＳＮＳ 网站推 广，口碑传播。社交平台通常拥有庞大的 用户群，且用户群基本都是由好友组成的 关系网，粘性强，活跃度高，以同学、亲 友为基础的社交圈，形成了一个巨大的口 碑营销平台，信息的传播速度快，可信度 高。众筹网站借助链接、日志、照片、视 频等话题信息，很容易以低成本甚至零成 本形成强大的传播效应。四是 Ｎ Ｇ Ｏ 组织、 会议推广。为了更精准得接触到众多中小 创业者从而获取更多优质项目，众筹网站 往往会积极参与线下的创业服务组织、投 资会议或互联网会议等，借助这些组织或 会议进行推广。
图 1 众筹在 go og le 搜索中的搜索热度变化图
《中文核心期刊要目总览》贸易经济类核心期刊 ９７
企业管理 Business Management
项目，所有款项都会被悉数退回。同时，众 筹融资网站一般会对项目进行严格的审核 和把关，这使得众多不具备专业知识能力 的投资人的风险得到降低。同时，由于回 报通常以未来产品的形式，因此众筹网站 上的最新最前沿的各种商品也满足了众多 项目资助者的消费需求。因此，众筹网站 的价值主张可以归纳为：为数量众多的项 目发起者和项目资助者提供低门槛、低成 本的投融资平台。
前这一模式正处于起步摸索阶段，国内目 模式的快速发展并日益受到关注，如图 １ 务：对于项目发起者来说，这是一个低门
前研究亦刚刚起步，因此本文从众筹商业 所示。
O2O商业模式和团购网站外文文献翻译2014年译文3100字
O2O商业模式和团购网站外文文献翻译2014年译文3100字This article discusses the development of O2O (online-to-offline) business models and group purchasing。
O2O refers to the XXX。
Group purchasing。
on the other hand。
involves a group of XXX.XXX the rise of O2O business models in China。
which has been driven by the country's large n。
high。
n rate。
and increasing demand for convenience。
O2O platforms have emerged in us industries。
including food delivery。
XXX。
XXX.The article then goes on to explain how group purchasing has e a popular feature of many O2O platforms。
as it allows consumers to save money while also increasing the volume of sales for XXX。
Group purchasing also helps to build customer loyalty and generate word-of-mouth marketing.XXX O2O platforms and group purchasing face。
including XXX。
regulatory issues。
and the need to maintain high levels of customer XXX。
最新中小企业融资英文文献资料
中小企业融资英文文献An Analysis on Credit Guarantee System of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in China AbstractAt presentthere are still many constraints in the further development of SMEsmall and medium—sized enterprises in ChinaAnd especially the financing development of SME has become a bottle neckwhich was caused by the unsound credit guarantee system for SMEBased on China’s SME guarantee system and its problemsthe thesis puts forward proposals to perfect guarantee system for China’s SME with norma l analysisIn order to make guarantee system play its due roleit is necessary to establish different modes of credit guarantee institutions in accordance with the actual situationto found SME credit guarantee funds and its supplementary systemto adjust the operation mode of guarantee funds and to improve legal protection of the credit guarantee system 对中国中小企业信用担保体系的分析摘要目前中国中小企业的进一步发展仍然受到很多约束尤其是中小企业融资问题已经成为制约的瓶颈。
众筹商业模式外文文献翻译最新译文字数3000多字
文献出处标题：The research of Crowd funding business model作者：Schwienbacher A期刊：HANDBOOK OF ENTREPRENEURIAL FINANCE；卷5，期6，页码：31-41. 原文The research of Crowd funding business modelSchwienbacher AAbstractThis paper describes the concept of crowd funding，explores its origin and general history of development, raise business model for the raise of the people, the intermediary agencies and investors trinity, analyzes the structure and process of logical point of view, based on the value from the value discovery, value matching and value for three levels to raise business model has carried on the theoretical analysis, the summary of outstanding to raise the advantage of the business model is to promote the entrepreneurship and innovation. As a new business model, the raise pattern is still in its infancy, the need to explore and perfect, we need to seriously study and guard against legal risks exist in the process of practice.Keywords: Crowd funding; Business model; Value logic1 The overview of crowd funding business modelThe raise business model (crowd funding business model), and for the masses to raise, the offering, or the harmony, is the package (crowd sourcing) business model variation, meaning creative or small micro enterprise project sponsors (raise) in pass intermediary structure (the platform) raise identity, after checking on the website of the raised platform to establish their own page, used to (investor) is introduced to the public project, and to the public to raise microfinance or seek other material support. The cash held by the raised platform at first, not directly to raise hands. If project to raise funds in the target period, the project financing is successful, the cash account, by the raised platform transfer to raise people stay after the successful implementation of the project, financing of project implementation physical or nonphysical result feedback to the investor, and the raised platform is by accepting and audit financingideas, sorting the investor information, monitor the use of the cash, tutoring program operation and value activities, such as public project implementation results drawn from the cash a percentage of the service fee as income. If the target within the time limit to raise funds, not the cash will be the raised platform back to the investor, the project sponsor is need to start a new round of financing activities or abort the financing.As a business model, the raise pattern completely accords with the core of enterprise value creation logic, namely value found (financing) and the investor's investment and financing demand, value matching (cooperation with business partners), value acquisition (with financing into profit).Raise business model at present, the practice was still in the stage of grope and start, domestic and foreign academic circles to raise the study of the theory of the business model is the blank. Therefore, to the system research not only helps to grasp the development and trend of business model, raise more helps to provide a research perspective and methodology. For the corporate world, helps to provide a kind of brand-new commercial logic of thinking, the promotion of business model innovation and practice.2 The origin and development of the raise business modelThe prototype of the raise dates back to the 18th century, when many literary works are all rely on a method called "order" (subscription).Mozart, Beethoven, for example, take this way to raise money, they went to the subscriber, the subscriber to provide them with money, when the work is complete, the subscriber will get a book to write with their name, or a copy of the score of concerto, or can be a concert of the first listeners. A similar situation and church donation, fundraising campaign, etc., but the phenomenon of the raise no complete system, also shall return of investors, is not in conformity with the characteristics of business model.The raise as a business model originating in the United States, it has been more than 10 years of history. In recent years, the mode in Europe and the United States ushered in the golden stage, with the accelerating development speed and outside countries and regions in Europe and the United States also spread quickly. Massolution in 2012, the United States, research institutions around the world carriedout a survey on the raise field. Results showed that the annual global the raised platform financing amount is $2.8 billion, and in 2011 only 14. $700 million. In 2007, fewer than 100 of the world all the raised platform, by the end of 2012 has exceeded 700.On December 27, 2012, Forbes released a report in the United States, the report predicts that: in 2013, the raised platform of the world's total will reach $6 billion; To the second quarter of 2013, the global the raised platform will increase to 1500.In the future, the raise pattern will become the main way of project financing.In European and American countries of the raised platform, was established in April 2009 the Kickstarter most representative. As of 2012, the platform release number 27086, among them, the successful projects in 11836, project a total of $99344382, to participate in a toll on support for the project investment has exceeded 3 million, 2012 annual revenues of more than $5 million. For a enterprises at the start-up stage, the data proved that the raise is a positive and promoting business model.In 2011 started to appear the similar Kickstarter the raised platform. According to incomplete statistics, at present a bit of time, building blocks, JUE. SO wait for all sorts of different direction and the characteristics of more than 10 on the raised platform. The above line in May 2011 call time. By the end of 2011, has been raised for 57 project named time they need the money, the amount from thousands of yuan to hundreds of thousands of yuan, and received $500000 in angel investment from Taiwan.At present, the cultural creativity industry financing raise business platform is the start of the main content. As America's first giant Kickstarter, the raised platform is still in music, movies, cartoons and other related to the project. According to statistics, in 2012, nearly 30% raise successful Kickstarter project belongs to music class. Domestic situation, too, for example, as of August 2012, in "roll call" website successful implementation of the project design class has 94, film and television class 32, music class 18, while technology only 13.From the point of absolute number, 60% - 70% of the project can be belong to cultural creativity industry category.3 The raise construction of business modelThe raise in a sense, is a kind of Web3.0, it makes the social network and the majority of people support a few "fundraising way crossing, or P2B platform through the P2P protocol mechanism between different individuals to make the financing ways and means possible. Raise business model to build the project sponsor (raise), public (investor) and intermediary institutions (the platform) raise the three organic component.3.1 The project sponsorProject is to have clear goals, you can do with specific completion time of public welfare activities, such as creating album, publishing books or some kind of electronic products. Project is not in stock, bonds, dividends, interest, and other forms of money in return. Project sponsor must have certain conditions (such as nationality, age, bank accounts, qualifications and record of formal schooling, etc.), with 100% of the autonomy of the project, uncontrolled, completely independent. The project sponsor to sign a contract with agency (the raised platform), clearly the rights and obligations of both sides. Project sponsor is usually need the creative to solve the problem of money or small micro enterprise entrepreneurs, but also have individual companies to strengthen communication and user experience, in achieving financing goals at the same time, strengthen the raise pattern, such as market research, product pre-sales and promote extending function, called on the public as a project sponsor (potential customers) in product research and development, manufacture and popularization, in order to gain better market response.3.2 The public (investor)Public (investor) is often a large number of Internet users, and they use online payment for your interested in creative projects for small investment, every investor has become the "angel". After the successful implementation of the project, the public investment for the investor's return is not a return of funds, and may be a product samples, such as a Pebble watch, may also is a concert tickets or a CD. Investor funding creative process is the process of its consumer funds moved forward, it can not only improve the efficiency of production and sales, produce originally relying on traditional investment and financing mode to launch new products, also meet theinvestor as a user of niche, detailed and personalized consumer demand.3.3 Intermediaries (the raised platform)Intermediaries are the builders of the raised platform and project sponsors supervisors and mentors, guardians or the interests of the investors. The characteristics of multiple identities determine the intermediary institutions (the platform) raise the function of the complex, the responsibility is significant. First of all, the raised platform to have network technical support, according to the relevant laws and regulations, with the method of virtual work, put the project sponsor ideas and the financing needs information in virtual space, the implementation of this process is the premise of a detailed before the project online real-name audit, and ensure that all the raise business model research content integrity, executable and valuable, and make sure no violation of program rules and requirements. Secondly, after the success of the project financing to supervision, coaching and controls the project smoothly. Finally, when the project can't perform, and the raised platform has responsibility and obligation to supervise the project sponsor a refund for the investor.4 The legal risk and prevention of crowd funding business modelAs a kind of brand-new business model, and the raise of business model appears to reduce the difficulty of startup funding, but to the public investors, because they do not have full information of the project, leads to a lack of investment risk forecast, increase the investment risk. For the project sponsor, in order to raise success, they need the project to show to the public via the Internet, the Internet's openness and real-time characteristics make project information spread quickly, once a popular project, will be quickly imitated and mass production, this makes the project sponsors cannot get effective protection of intellectual property rights. To raise business model in the existing in the practice of the legal risks, we need to seriously study and prevention. The author thinks that can from three aspects, avoid and guard against legal risks that may occur:4.1 Suggest risk and disclosure of informationThe platform has the obligation to rise on its web site detailed operation procedure and standard of the project, especially in a prominent position to the public(investor) suggest possible legal risk, clear the legal responsibilities and obligations of the parties and may be some disputes over the treatment method.4.2 Ensure the safety of fundsMoney safe and orderly management of project is not only the raised platform of its obligations, and is an important method of guard against its own legal risk. The link with the raised platform involving money, such as fundraising, deduct a percentage of the service from the public, to the project sponsor or returned to the public funding of advance payment, etc., to strict management, strengthen self-discipline, and external supervision mechanism can be introduced when necessary.4.3 Actively communicate with the government, perfect the legal regulation as soon as possibleThe raise business model is a kind of investment activities involving hundreds of thousands of people, belong to the partnership of relatively loose, the probability of a dispute is very high, and through the network to build the trust of the foundation is weak, once appear, capital use or profit distribution problems, contradictions broke out easily. This requires the raised platform need to actively communicate with the competent department of the government, has obtained the corresponding policy guidance, legal, regulatory or project for the record, and resolving fuzzy zone grope for the legal risks in law.译文众筹商业模式研究Schwienbacher A摘要本文分析了众筹的概念，论述了众筹的起源与发展的基本状况，对众筹商业模式中的筹资人、中介机构和出资人三位一体的结构与流程进行了分析，基于价值逻辑角度，从价值发现、价值匹配和价值获取三个层面对众筹商业模式进行了理论分析，总结出众筹商业模式的优势在于促进微创业和激励创新。
众筹商业模式外文文献翻译最新译文字数3000多字
文献出处标题：The research of Crowd funding business model作者：Schwienbacher A期刊：HANDBOOK OF ENTREPRENEURIAL FINANCE；卷5，期6，页码：31-41. 原文The research of Crowd funding business modelSchwienbacher AAbstractThis paper describes the concept of crowd funding，explores its origin and general history of development, raise business model for the raise of the people, the intermediary agencies and investors trinity, analyzes the structure and process of logical point of view, based on the value from the value discovery, value matching and value for three levels to raise business model has carried on the theoretical analysis, the summary of outstanding to raise the advantage of the business model is to promote the entrepreneurship and innovation. As a new business model, the raise pattern is still in its infancy, the need to explore and perfect, we need to seriously study and guard against legal risks exist in the process of practice.Keywords: Crowd funding; Business model; Value logic1 The overview of crowd funding business modelThe raise business model (crowd funding business model), and for the masses to raise, the offering, or the harmony, is the package (crowd sourcing) business model variation, meaning creative or small micro enterprise project sponsors (raise) in pass intermediary structure (the platform) raise identity, after checking on the website of the raised platform to establish their own page, used to (investor) is introduced to the public project, and to the public to raise microfinance or seek other material support. The cash held by the raised platform at first, not directly to raise hands. If project to raise funds in the target period, the project financing is successful, the cash account, by the raised platform transfer to raise people stay after the successful implementation of the project, financing of project implementation physical or nonphysical result feedback to the investor, and the raised platform is by accepting and audit financingideas, sorting the investor information, monitor the use of the cash, tutoring program operation and value activities, such as public project implementation results drawn from the cash a percentage of the service fee as income. If the target within the time limit to raise funds, not the cash will be the raised platform back to the investor, the project sponsor is need to start a new round of financing activities or abort the financing.As a business model, the raise pattern completely accords with the core of enterprise value creation logic, namely value found (financing) and the investor's investment and financing demand, value matching (cooperation with business partners), value acquisition (with financing into profit).Raise business model at present, the practice was still in the stage of grope and start, domestic and foreign academic circles to raise the study of the theory of the business model is the blank. Therefore, to the system research not only helps to grasp the development and trend of business model, raise more helps to provide a research perspective and methodology. For the corporate world, helps to provide a kind of brand-new commercial logic of thinking, the promotion of business model innovation and practice.2 The origin and development of the raise business modelThe prototype of the raise dates back to the 18th century, when many literary works are all rely on a method called "order" (subscription).Mozart, Beethoven, for example, take this way to raise money, they went to the subscriber, the subscriber to provide them with money, when the work is complete, the subscriber will get a book to write with their name, or a copy of the score of concerto, or can be a concert of the first listeners. A similar situation and church donation, fundraising campaign, etc., but the phenomenon of the raise no complete system, also shall return of investors, is not in conformity with the characteristics of business model.The raise as a business model originating in the United States, it has been more than 10 years of history. In recent years, the mode in Europe and the United States ushered in the golden stage, with the accelerating development speed and outside countries and regions in Europe and the United States also spread quickly. Massolution in 2012, the United States, research institutions around the world carriedout a survey on the raise field. Results showed that the annual global the raised platform financing amount is $2.8 billion, and in 2011 only 14. $700 million. In 2007, fewer than 100 of the world all the raised platform, by the end of 2012 has exceeded 700.On December 27, 2012, Forbes released a report in the United States, the report predicts that: in 2013, the raised platform of the world's total will reach $6 billion; To the second quarter of 2013, the global the raised platform will increase to 1500.In the future, the raise pattern will become the main way of project financing.In European and American countries of the raised platform, was established in April 2009 the Kickstarter most representative. As of 2012, the platform release number 27086, among them, the successful projects in 11836, project a total of $99344382, to participate in a toll on support for the project investment has exceeded 3 million, 2012 annual revenues of more than $5 million. For a enterprises at the start-up stage, the data proved that the raise is a positive and promoting business model.In 2011 started to appear the similar Kickstarter the raised platform. According to incomplete statistics, at present a bit of time, building blocks, JUE. SO wait for all sorts of different direction and the characteristics of more than 10 on the raised platform. The above line in May 2011 call time. By the end of 2011, has been raised for 57 project named time they need the money, the amount from thousands of yuan to hundreds of thousands of yuan, and received $500000 in angel investment from Taiwan.At present, the cultural creativity industry financing raise business platform is the start of the main content. As America's first giant Kickstarter, the raised platform is still in music, movies, cartoons and other related to the project. According to statistics, in 2012, nearly 30% raise successful Kickstarter project belongs to music class. Domestic situation, too, for example, as of August 2012, in "roll call" website successful implementation of the project design class has 94, film and television class 32, music class 18, while technology only 13.From the point of absolute number, 60% - 70% of the project can be belong to cultural creativity industry category.3 The raise construction of business modelThe raise in a sense, is a kind of Web3.0, it makes the social network and the majority of people support a few "fundraising way crossing, or P2B platform through the P2P protocol mechanism between different individuals to make the financing ways and means possible. Raise business model to build the project sponsor (raise), public (investor) and intermediary institutions (the platform) raise the three organic component.3.1 The project sponsorProject is to have clear goals, you can do with specific completion time of public welfare activities, such as creating album, publishing books or some kind of electronic products. Project is not in stock, bonds, dividends, interest, and other forms of money in return. Project sponsor must have certain conditions (such as nationality, age, bank accounts, qualifications and record of formal schooling, etc.), with 100% of the autonomy of the project, uncontrolled, completely independent. The project sponsor to sign a contract with agency (the raised platform), clearly the rights and obligations of both sides. Project sponsor is usually need the creative to solve the problem of money or small micro enterprise entrepreneurs, but also have individual companies to strengthen communication and user experience, in achieving financing goals at the same time, strengthen the raise pattern, such as market research, product pre-sales and promote extending function, called on the public as a project sponsor (potential customers) in product research and development, manufacture and popularization, in order to gain better market response.3.2 The public (investor)Public (investor) is often a large number of Internet users, and they use online payment for your interested in creative projects for small investment, every investor has become the "angel". After the successful implementation of the project, the public investment for the investor's return is not a return of funds, and may be a product samples, such as a Pebble watch, may also is a concert tickets or a CD. Investor funding creative process is the process of its consumer funds moved forward, it can not only improve the efficiency of production and sales, produce originally relying on traditional investment and financing mode to launch new products, also meet theinvestor as a user of niche, detailed and personalized consumer demand.3.3 Intermediaries (the raised platform)Intermediaries are the builders of the raised platform and project sponsors supervisors and mentors, guardians or the interests of the investors. The characteristics of multiple identities determine the intermediary institutions (the platform) raise the function of the complex, the responsibility is significant. First of all, the raised platform to have network technical support, according to the relevant laws and regulations, with the method of virtual work, put the project sponsor ideas and the financing needs information in virtual space, the implementation of this process is the premise of a detailed before the project online real-name audit, and ensure that all the raise business model research content integrity, executable and valuable, and make sure no violation of program rules and requirements. Secondly, after the success of the project financing to supervision, coaching and controls the project smoothly. Finally, when the project can't perform, and the raised platform has responsibility and obligation to supervise the project sponsor a refund for the investor.4 The legal risk and prevention of crowd funding business modelAs a kind of brand-new business model, and the raise of business model appears to reduce the difficulty of startup funding, but to the public investors, because they do not have full information of the project, leads to a lack of investment risk forecast, increase the investment risk. For the project sponsor, in order to raise success, they need the project to show to the public via the Internet, the Internet's openness and real-time characteristics make project information spread quickly, once a popular project, will be quickly imitated and mass production, this makes the project sponsors cannot get effective protection of intellectual property rights. To raise business model in the existing in the practice of the legal risks, we need to seriously study and prevention. The author thinks that can from three aspects, avoid and guard against legal risks that may occur:4.1 Suggest risk and disclosure of informationThe platform has the obligation to rise on its web site detailed operation procedure and standard of the project, especially in a prominent position to the public(investor) suggest possible legal risk, clear the legal responsibilities and obligations of the parties and may be some disputes over the treatment method.4.2 Ensure the safety of fundsMoney safe and orderly management of project is not only the raised platform of its obligations, and is an important method of guard against its own legal risk. The link with the raised platform involving money, such as fundraising, deduct a percentage of the service from the public, to the project sponsor or returned to the public funding of advance payment, etc., to strict management, strengthen self-discipline, and external supervision mechanism can be introduced when necessary.4.3 Actively communicate with the government, perfect the legal regulation as soon as possibleThe raise business model is a kind of investment activities involving hundreds of thousands of people, belong to the partnership of relatively loose, the probability of a dispute is very high, and through the network to build the trust of the foundation is weak, once appear, capital use or profit distribution problems, contradictions broke out easily. This requires the raised platform need to actively communicate with the competent department of the government, has obtained the corresponding policy guidance, legal, regulatory or project for the record, and resolving fuzzy zone grope for the legal risks in law.译文众筹商业模式研究Schwienbacher A摘要本文分析了众筹的概念，论述了众筹的起源与发展的基本状况，对众筹商业模式中的筹资人、中介机构和出资人三位一体的结构与流程进行了分析，基于价值逻辑角度，从价值发现、价值匹配和价值获取三个层面对众筹商业模式进行了理论分析，总结出众筹商业模式的优势在于促进微创业和激励创新。
P2P金融模式互联网金融外文文献翻译最新译文
文献出处:Aronson J. The research of P2P model of financial [J] Value Creation in E-Business Management, 2016,12(5):85-95.原文The research of P2P model of financialAronson JAbstractThe development of the Internet financial, constantly create new financial model, P2P is one of the new financial model, the development of rapid direct threat to the commercial Banks in the financial world's dominance. In P2P explosive savage growth process, however, there are regulatory or incomplete system, risk control measures is not mature, P2P financial platform collapse would happen often, this leads to the development of P2P is in trouble Based on this, this paper introduces the P2P concepts and the reasons on the basis of the financial model, analyzes the difficulties faced by the current P2P financial model, and accordingly put forward the development of P2P financial model.Keywords: P2P financial mode; The theoretical analysis; Measures1 IntroductionThe wide application of Internet technology, when science and technology combined with financial, gives rise to some emerging Internet model, P2P has greatly reduced the transaction cost, satisfy the customer demand for financial, especially the working class and the small and medium-sized enterprise loan demand. But so far, due to the lack of innovation mode of financial supervision, to information asymmetry, imperfect credit system construction, and low security of adverse effect caused by funds, hindered the healthy and orderly development of P2P.For Internet financial can inject vigor, continuing for the financial sector to the real economy better service, we must strengthen the industry regulation, establish effective credit evaluation system and P2P platform to establish effective risk control system.So-called peer-to-peer (P2P), is the abbreviation of English Peer to Peer, meaning "person-to-person", refers to the directly by third-party Internet platform of money lending financing behavior, is a kind of direct financing behavior of individualto individual. It originated in Britain, and later to the United States, Germany and other countries, China introduced in 2007.In our country, its typical model is: the network credit companies provide a platform, by borrowing free bids, brokered transactions. Money lenders to obtain interest income with the risk; Money borrowed people due to repay the principal, the network credit charge intermediary company.Peer-to-peer (P2P) the causes of financial mode mainly lies in the fact that Internet technology rapidly Exhibition. With the development of Internet, the scope of its popularization in our country is more and more widely, new technology and new business forms appear constantly, and gradually extended to the financial sector, the financial and the Internet fusion degree in the process of deepening, the financial industry got the booming development, at the same time, also produced a P2P financial mode; Fill the shortcoming in traditional financial business function in our country at present. Let those be bank financial products and loan threshold shut out of the working class and the small and medium-sized enterprises can also have the opportunity to enjoy the financial services. Working class a large body of demand for money have great demand; Other small and medium-sized enterprises (SEM) in many places the arrested development, mainly due to small and medium-sized enterprises (smes) in bank loans difficult, loans due to the high cost. In order to promote the development of their own, small and medium-sized enterprises to seek other financing mode, which promote the generation of the P2P financial model.2 The status quo of P2P financial model2.1 P2P financial models lack of effective supervisionRelative to the early start of online banking, online securities and so on in the form of financial regulatory policy relatively incomplete, relatively mature management framework. But P2P financial mode in 2012 entered the blowout outbreak period. But the Internet financial regulatory agencies and related regulatory policy did not keep up with the pace of its rapid development, for the development of P2P is also hinder the role. Should be further follow relevant regulations to meet the constantly enrich and expand the urgent needs of the emerging financial forms. The lack of regulation for a long time, has been out of the grey zone and regulatory gap,there are low barriers to entry, lending money monitoring vacancy, credit evaluation system is not sound, and many other problems.The industry has been in a savage growth state, run, capital chain rupture and collapse phenomenon appeared frequently. ack of legal norms, unclear regulatory policy, business operation is not standard to causes such as the chaos of industry management.2.2 Domestic credit system construction is not perfectThe Internet in the financial, financial credit system is the basis of the healthy and standardizing development of the financial industry, the Internet. But the current construction of credit system is not perfect, personal credit record includes only with bank lending behavior and maintain within the Banks, other financial institutions can't call society.P2P network platform loan borrowers can only through an indirect way to verify information and the judgment through the subjective experience of auditors. Abroad in the implementation of a P2P financial model, the comparison of perfect personal credit system construction, when making loans, personal credit can achieve effective query, which leads the P2P financial mode constantly development and improvement. Internet financial enterprise credit reporting database is not perfect in our country, is not included in the central bank credit reporting system, for both the management difficulty is big, no effective mechanism and discipline and punishment.2.3 Information asymmetry cause malicious default riskOf the Internet financial transactions, payments and services are completed on the Internet, virtualization of trading, trading process is not transparent and so on have made the financial risk more diversified and uncontrolled. Of new trading patterns of this for the disclosure of the information has the certain difficulty, in P2P financial mode, due to information asymmetry, P2P platform there may be a risk, the truth of the borrower to provide information due to the master of P2P platform borrowing history data is limited, its credit rating system is also unable to grasp the situation of the borrowers, the condition of the fake information or the borrower. Once appear, default or delay balance, due to recover the cost is higher, lenders are hard to take back the principal and interest of the person failed to perform its obligations due to lending and lead to potential financial damage is one of the reasons that hinder thedevelopment of P2P.3 The implement measures3.1 Encourage innovation to strengthen the basis of industry regulationDue to P2P long-term financial platform is in a state of lack of regulation, resulting in a variety of financial risk problems occur unceasingly, serious impact on the development of P2P financial, based on this, as soon as possible, perfect the construction of Internet financial regulation legal system in our country, should provide a clear and transparent legal environment, including the market access supervision, operation supervision and exit regulatory measures to standardize the development of the P2P network platform. But don't like management of traditional financial institutions, so as not to stifle financial innovation. Perfect financial market system, pratt &whitney financial development, encourage financial innovation, rich level financial markets and products. Regulators want reasonable grasp the boundaries of innovation and strength, not to hinder the sustainable development of financial innovation, whether it be a financial product innovation, and financial service innovation. To strengthen management and ensure that financial security is very necessary, cut can not manage, weaken the vitality of financial innovation.3.2 promoting the construction of credit evaluation systemA severe credit system can restrain people daily financial activity. Therefore, in a constantly enrich financial transaction way to meet the demand of investment and financing of all social strata at the same time, the credit system construction also needs to be perfect and connectivity. At present, the central bank has started the construction of personal credit system, however, the central bank alone is not enough to build personal credit system, and will result in incomplete information system, therefore, in the process of building the personal credit system in the future, should attract more participants, to establish the perfect credit system, make scientific evaluation to the borrower's credit rating, for P2P platform provides necessary judgment. In addition, P2P financial platform should also set up its own credit system, establish a customer database, regular update of customer information in a database, at the same time, guarantee the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the new customerinformation, and effective to evaluate the customer's credit.3.3 P2P platform to strengthen risk control abilityP2P business at the core of the pricing power is in the team's own risk, the risk management ability is the core of the P2P company competitiveness. establish a risk control function is clear, for policy making, the characteristics of customer data mining, overdue customers, study and so on carries on the effective management, to standardize the front-end marketing, China audit, background collection each work orderly. At the same time, digital risk control model is established and the score card system is the effective measure to standardize P2P scientific management, with a complete set of scientific management methods, to cure it to risk control examination and approval decision engines and business process, to guide the business for examination and approval of risk control. Second, compared with the traditional financial institutions such as Banks, Internet financial firms can take advantage of big data analytics, cloud computing technology to manage customer credit evaluation and customer information, above is actually a credit evaluation system and risk control measures of innovation. Third, should attach importance to small and scattered plays important role in reducing risk, network platform, in the face of the large capital demand loan can be systemic forced to spread risk, is more than a sum of money into different sum, scattered the people who need loans to lend, risk can be effectively diluted. Fourth, guarantee qualification can be introduced with a third party professional guarantee companies provide guarantee, in case of bad debts by guarantee company compensation, in order to ensure safe operation, to ensure the safety of information and capital of investors. by using the combined risk of internal and external control means, in view of information asymmetry and capital safety is low in the strong guarantee.Era development is irreversible, the subversion and innovation of the Internet continues, because the P2P financial pattern in the global new things, the speed of development and the construction of the corresponding system is not perfect, resulting in the development of P2P financial face a lot of trouble. despite the difficulties, the game between the various arms intensified, but it's true that the development of P2Pinjected new vitality into the financial sector, in order to promote the healthy and orderly development of P2P, needs to explore the path to promote the development of P2P financial, P2P platform in the process of operation gradually improve risk control ability, ensure the safety of the funds. These efforts will make P2P financial mode gradually towards standardization and legalization, make it effectively fill the shortcoming in traditional financial business function at present, the future will be better able to make the financial service for the real economy, support the national strategic transformation of the economic structure.译文P2P金融模式研究Aronson J摘要互联网金融的发展，不断地创新出新型的金融模式，P2P就是其中一种新型金融模式，其发展的迅速直接威胁到商业银行在金融界的主导地位。
众筹模式及其案例分析
众筹模式及其案例分析一、内容综述众筹这个词儿听起来好像离我们很远，但实际上它已经深入我们生活的方方面面了。
今天我们就来聊聊众筹模式以及它的实际应用情况，咱们先从众筹的基本概念入手，然后结合实际案例，看看它是怎么运作的，以及它的魅力所在。
说到众筹其实它的核心理念就是汇聚大众的力量，支持一个项目的发起者实现他们的目标或梦想。
简单来说就是大家齐心协力，一起帮助某个项目或想法往前走。
这种模式的出现，给了很多有创意但缺乏资金支持的人一个实现梦想的舞台。
我们可以看到一个想法从零开始，慢慢得到大众的认可和支持，最后真的变成了一个实实在在的成果。
这个过程就像见证一个孩子的成长一样，充满了期待和惊喜。
当然这里面也有风险和不确定性，但正是这种未知和挑战，让众筹更加充满魅力。
接下来我们就通过几个具体的案例来详细了解一下众筹模式是如何运作的。
1. 众筹的发展历程及其背景一提到众筹，大家可能并不陌生，它已经成为现代生活中一种重要的筹款方式。
今天我们就来聊聊众筹的发展历程和它背后的故事。
众筹并不是一夜之间突然冒出来的概念，回想一下其实很早以前就有类似的形式存在。
比如我们小时候，在校园里经常听到谁需要帮助，同学们就伸出援手捐款捐物。
这种方式虽简单，但却透露出了众筹的核心思想——集中大家的资源帮助一个人或者一个项目。
不过后来这种形式渐渐扩大并更加多样化，逐步演变成如今的众筹模式。
它的背景可谓是根植于人们的热情与关爱之心，在全球化的浪潮下，每个人的梦想都得到了更大的舞台。
越来越多的人希望用自己的努力创造东西，不仅仅是物质上的产品，还有艺术、音乐等文化领域的创作。
但是梦想往往需要资金支持，众筹正好提供了这样一个平台。
在这个平台上，你可以将自己的创意、想法展示给大众，吸引他们投资支持你的项目。
这样一来不仅梦想得以实现，还能让更多的人参与到创新的过程中来。
说起众筹的发展历程，它可以说是互联网时代的产物。
随着网络的普及和社交媒体的兴起，众筹开始进入大众的视野并逐渐发展壮大。
股权众筹模式案例分析——以crowdcube为例
[键入文档标题][键入文档副标题]2013/9/9摘要近年来，股权众筹作为新兴的互联网金融商业模式，在世界范围内取得迅速发展。
本文以英国的网络股权众筹平台crowdcube为例，深入分析了其商业模式、运作过程、竞争优势及潜在缺陷，提出了可能的改进策略，并对股权众筹风险管理、市场监管问题进行了深入探究。
最后，论文探讨了股权众筹在中国发展的现实问题，给出了可能的发展路径。
关键词：股权众筹crowdcube 案例分析目录第一章、前言 .................................................................................................................一、互联网金融的兴起 .................................................................................................二、众筹的概况 .............................................................................................................第二章、股权众筹的商业模式及优化改进 .................................................................一、股权众筹商业模式 .................................................................................................二、crowdcube具体运作流程 ......................................................................................三、股权众筹模式的细节及优缺点 .............................................................................四、股权众筹的优化策略 .............................................................................................第三章、股权众筹的风险控制 .....................................................................................一、众筹平台的一般风险 .............................................................................................二、股权众筹平台的特有风险 .....................................................................................三、加强风险控制——立法和监管..............................................................................第四章、股权众筹的机遇和挑战 .................................................................................一、股权众筹的机遇 .....................................................................................................二、股权众筹面临的挑战 .............................................................................................第五章、股权众筹落地中国——潜在的障碍与可能的路径......................................一、国内众筹网站发展现状 .........................................................................................二、股权众筹的国内需求分析 .....................................................................................三、股权众筹在国内的发展阻力 .................................................................................四、股权众筹的中国化——借鉴与建议......................................................................第一章、前言一、互联网金融的兴起随着信息技术和移动通讯业务的发展，互联网金融正潜移默化地改变着传统金融业在市场中的定位。
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文献出处:Belle P. The research of news crowd funding pattern [J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2015,9(5): 585-601.原文The research of news crowd funding patternBelle P.AbstractThe advent of the era of Internet, the journalism is facing the audience erosion, shortage of funds, industry competition, such as severe challenges, global news media are trying to reform the mode of operation of news production and to adapt to the needs of the development of era. Press the raise is bud and developed under this kind of opportunity, this model has made fairly good results in some countries and regions, for the future of journalism development provides good feasible solutions. Press the raise the great achievements in a short time, to give news production mode of innovation has injected fresh blood. News and the raise of the future development, both countries should be supported in the legal policy, or the establishment of a reasonable business model, the raise sites itself have to coordinate all aspects of the power to make news the raise can get into the stage of steady development, and provide experience for the current news production mode.Keywords: Crowd funding; Innovation; News1 IntroductionAt present, the development of news the raise rapidly, and the raise of amount and scale are expanding, become the media reporters a new way to raise money, within just a few short years time to get the recognition of the industry. Press the raise pattern changed the way traditional media news production, for the new media environment of news production has injected new vitality. Analysis the model brings to the traditional news production mode change, how to effectively use this pattern for media integration innovation is of great significance. Though news the raise in the current environment to get certain development, but also belong to a niche activity, is a flash in the pan or long-term development, need the risks were analyzed, and based on this, advances the development direction of reasonable, using this model to deepthe breadth and depth of news production, promote the development of the social news production.2 The related conceptsThe raise is a concept in the field of economy, is a kind of just the development of new business models in recent years; it is the crowd sourcing model refinement. In 2006, the editor of the journal of the American Internet wired Jeff Howe in the rise of "crowd sourcing" created the term "crowd sourcing". Crowd sourcing is a new business model, in which companies use the Internet will work assignment to go out, find ideas or solve technical problems. He distinguishes the crowd sourcing application of four basic types, namely the collective wisdom and collective creation, collective vote, the raise. The raise public funding, it "financing development is the public purse, make large group instead of Banks and other institutions, became the source of funds". The raise is the use of the Internet platform for the public to raise money, the hands of the use of idle cash, is the effective integration of public funds. This model is the Gospel of entrepreneurs, most of them have good creative projects, and suffer from no funding, no way to the brain's ideas into real returns, the raise is to provide cash for the flash of idea.All news raise the raise this way used in the news industry, namely the initiator on the raised platform announced his plan and the required funds, in a certain period of time to obtain sponsors funding to complete news coverage, and to give sponsors must return. The raise pattern into the landmark events in the field of news is the United States in 2008 Spot. The us website online, this is a typical of the news websites, raise advocates "to the community power promoting the news", encourage the public to participate in news production. When it comes to news the raise, you must say first news crowd sourcing. The raise is a branch of crowd sourcing, news the raise is the crowd sourcing model.The raise in news field, changed the past journalists rely on advertising and media department grants access to capital, directly to the audience for funding support. This way makes the relations between the two sides closer, changed the relationship between the media and the audience; Audience involvement, which changes thepattern of the press; Widening the channels of access to capital, has changed the way media management. In short, all the news to raise is down in the news industry has injected new vitality, for the media provides a new way of thinking innovation.3 The development situation of news crowdThe news first raises the rise in the United States. Kickstarter belongs to the raise of comprehensive web site; the site was founded at the beginning of the news section of the raise. On March 5, 2010, the United States independent journalists, comic book writer DE la Launched on the web site is called the comic news: let DE la back to Afghanistan to find real story, mainly adopts the way of comic on the depth of the Afghan people's real life situation of network coverage, plans to raise$25000 to return to Afghanistan to help him, let he didn't expect is in one month alone won the 211 donors to provide $25999, this time the more media practitioners to raise success on the way. In November 2008, David Cohen (David Cohn) to fund the raise pattern started investigative news website Spot. The us is launched in the United States, it marks the news industry formally entered the raise. Spot. Non-profit us, to the community strength to promote news platform. At the beginning of the creation from the knight foundation offered a $340000 fund raise changed the traditional news the news production of transmission mode, has brought vitality to the development of news media, offers a new way for the future development. But news the raise as a new project, is not completely adapt to the development of the social reality, in real life there are many problems in the running-in, these complex problems makes the news all the raise in a short period of time will not replace the traditional way of news production. Analyze the cause of news and the raise, as well as the pattern bring changes to the production of traditional news, how to use the mode of news production in the future is of great significance.4 Press the raise and development conditions4.1 Traditional media development, new media technologies changeIn the past ten years, the newspaper sales have been falling, so far the United States has more than one hundred print publication. Whether the world which country is the bottleneck of the development of traditional media are met, in the domesticpublication of print has reached 21.And print ads to the survival of are also shrinking, according to the latest issue of the China's newspaper advertising market analysis report, November 1, 2014 traditional media advertising from zero growth slowed to 0.9%, including a 17.7% drop in newspaper, is the most serious decline in all traditional media, television has also been great impact, audience constantly decreases, advertising revenue growth in 2014 from slow growth to negative growth, growth to continue downward. More and more advertisers turned to new media, both PC and mobile terminal audience have continued to rise, according to the ministry data showed that 2014 mobile phone users in China, 1.256 billion people, in all of the use of mobile phones, users of 3 g network, 464 million people (36.94%), the number of users to access the Internet by mobile phone in all of 857 million people, accounting for 68.24% of the total number. People have formed the habit of reading the news from the Internet, watch video, more diverse audience access to news and information way, portals, various news APP, weibo and other social media which bring news production and transmission bigger challenge, making news producers continue to push new communication platform, to provide more high quality content.4.2 The traditional media guard a pass strictly, Internet information concerned the good and bad are intermingledThe news media is restricted by many factors, guard a pass strictly; he Internet resembles huge amounts of information. The traditional editorial mode, a reporter, editor, editor and editor-in-chief of multistage gatekeepers at all levels. n the existing production process, the reporter and editor's job is to separate, reporter only responsible for interview and writing, and editing manuscripts to be responsible for the reporter's secondary processing and write, tone and direction of the manuscript before have been compiled for detailed discussion. Thus, a news production process after multiprogramming. Sensitivity for some good news, the traditional media of official pressure can't spread.4.3 The audience the rigid demand for high quality content, reversed transmission industry transformationThe development of social democracy, improving national quality, theenthusiasm of people to participate in state of current affairs. The public wants to understand important events happened in the first, and be able to express their opinion on the issue. The contents of the public needs more narrow the and personalized, the long tail of the Internet tend to have more paying users, their claim to the news report is more strict than before. High above in the mainstream media reports with strong elitism color has not allow inspection of the market, the traditional news coverage has not satisfy the audience demand; The Internet and evil people mixed up huge amounts of information; Depth reports, investigation reports has already become the most powerful audience demand, the audience is an urgent need to acquire effective information channels and ways, they are looking for high quality content, more people are willing to pay for the information you need.4.4 Electronic payment is convenient and diversifiedNews spread platform the raise in the form of a "pre-order" "exceptional" for financing. Purchase in advance the news the raise the sponsor of the project on the platform to announce his choice and the concrete plan, geared to the needs of the audience to raise, if his audience to support project will go to buy, providing financial support; Play to watch the news and the project sponsor will raise their survey completed news published works on the platform, if the audience feel the project for their impact is bigger, can he "exceptional", provide funds for its. Both the difference in the news work published before and after, whether in the field of comprehensive or vertical web site or in personal weibo, blog, everyone can accord their own ability to planning to implement projects, and obtain the corresponding financial support. Good at marketing their own "plan" idea, let the public is willing to pay for your plan. Multiple platforms propaganda, at the same time can get a better effect.译文新闻众筹模式研究Belle P.摘要互联网时代的到来，新闻业面临着受众流失、资金短缺、行业内竞争的加剧等严峻挑战，全球范围内的新闻媒体都试图革新新闻生产和运作的模式来适应时代发展的需要。