湖南省长沙市第一中学2018届高三第八次月考英语试卷
湖南省长沙市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考(一)数学试题(解析版)
【解析】
【详解】当E,F排在前三位时， =24,当E,F排后三位时， =72，当E,F排3，4位时， =24，N=120种，选D.
6.函数 （ 且 ）在一个周期内的图象如图所示，将函数 图象上的点的横坐标伸长为原来的2倍，再向右平移 个单位长度，得到函数 的图象，则 （）
A. B.1C.－1D.
参考数据：
参考时间轴：
A.宋B.唐C.汉D.战国
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】根据给定条件可得函数关系 ，取 即可计算得解.
【详解】依题意，当 时， ，而 与死亡年数 之间的函数关系式为 ，
则有 ，解得 ，于是得 ，
当 时， ，于是得： ，解得 ，
由 得，对应朝代为战国，
所以可推断该文物属于战国.
故选：D
（1）记 ，写出 ，并求出数列 的通项公式；
（2）求数列 的前2022项和 .
【答案】（1） ， ，
（2）
【解析】
【分析】（1）根据 的定义求得 ，求出 ，由等比数列通项公式可得结论；
（2）由 得 ， ，然后用并项求和法结合等比数列前 项和公式计算．
【小问1详解】
，
又
【小问2详解】
，则
18.如图， 为 中点，曲线 上任一点到 点的距离相等， 在曲线 上且关于 对称.
长沙市一中2023届高三月考试卷（一）
数学
一､选择题：本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.
1.已知集合 ，则 （）
A. B. C. D.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】利用对数不等式及分式不等式的解法求出集合 ，结合集合的补集及交集的定义即可求解.
2021年长沙市第一中学高三英语月考试题及答案
2021年长沙市第一中学高三英语月考试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIf you are sending a text message watching TV or listening to the radio, you may stop and give this your full attention. Multitasking shrinks (使.....萎缩)the brain? research suggests.A study found that men and womenwho frequently used several types of technology at the same time had less grey matter in a key part of the brain. University of Sussex researchers said, " Using mobile phones, laptops and other media devicessimultaneouslycould be changing the structure of our brains."Worryingly, the part of the brain that shrinks is involved in processing emotion. The finding follows research which has linked multitasking with a shortened attention span, depression , anxiety and lower grades at school.The researchers began by asking 75 healthy men and women how often they divided their attention between different types of technology. This could mean sending a text message while listening to music and checking e-mail, or speaking on the phone while watching TV and surfing the Internet. The volunteers were then given brain scans which showed they had less grey matter in a region called the anterior cingu-late cortex (ACC)(前扣带皮层).Scientists have proved that brain structure can be changed on exposure to fresh environments and experience.Other studies have shown that training—such as learning to play magic tricks or taxi drivers' learning the map of London―can increase grey matter densities (密度)in certain parts.Experts have also warned of the harmful impact technology can have on our memory and attention span. The University of California team conducted a survey of more than 18,000 people aged between 18 and 99，and found 20%had problems with memory. Researchers were shocked greatly by the 14 % of 18 to 39-year-old people who also worried about their memories.Multitasking may shorten attention span, making it harder to focus and form memories, the researchers said, adding that youngsters may be particularly affected by stress.1. The underlined word " simultaneously" in Paragraph 2 means "________，"A. on one's ownB. at no timeC. at the same timeD. by accident2. All of the following are possible effects of multitasking EXCEPT________ .A. saving timeB. a shortened attention spanC. lower grades at schoolD. depression and anxiety3. Which ofthe following can be the best title of this passage?A. Media multitasking is becoming more popularB. Multitasking shrinks the brainC. Multitasking may shorten attention spanD. People are worried about their memories.BDragon boating is a team sport that has its root in ancient China. The boats are decorated with a dragon head and tail. In recent years cancer survivor groups have got involved in the sport to help make friends and help rebuild their lives.On a recent Saturday morning, a group of 20 women were on a boat in the Anacostia River in Washington DC. They moved their paddles(船桨)in rhythm to the call of a coach. The women belong to the dragon boat team GoPink! DC, which trains weekly. It also races against other breast cancer survivor teams in dragon boat festivals. As a result, GoPink! DC won medals in this Washington dragon boat festival.Lydia Collins joined five years ago after finding out she had breast cancer. “I was diagnosed with breast cancer.I was demoralized because of my illness - I lost all interest in life and wouldn't even get out of bed to eat. But now I love the team spirit. I just love everything about it. It is like a floating support group on the water.”The paddles are breast cancer survivors and their supporters. Annette Rothemel helped establish(建立)the group in 2006. She is a researcher with the National Institutes of Health as well as a breast cancer survivor. “It is sort of an easy entry sport because on the same boat people at different levels can be doing the same sport.” But Ms Rothemel saysdragon boating can be physically demanding, especially for someone who is sick and getting treatment for cancer.“It’s hard but I think you have to challenge yourself in life. This is something I look forward to. I get to be out here with my sisters and supporters that understand what I’m going through and help motivate me. So it makes me stronger and it makes me feel better,” another cancer survivor Rhonda Hartzel said.Annette Rothemel says the cancer survivors feel a sense of sisterhood and share good times when they paddle together. She says both feelings are treasured by the team.4. What do the underline wordsdemoralizedIn para.3 probably mean?A. depressedB. anxiousC. astonishedD. awkward5. What can we know about Lydia Collims from the text?A. she helps establish Go Pink !DCB. she tries to find a cure for the cancerC. she benefits from the dragon boat raceD. she gives up hope because of her illness6. How can the dragon boat race help the cancer survivorsA. forget their tough experiencesB. recover physically and mentallyC. get rid of the pains of their cancerD. enjoy their rest life without sufferings7. What does the text tell us about Annette Rothemel?A. she is an expert in studying the cause of the cancerB. she helps the cancer survivors in financial difficultiesC. she believes there is a healthful result from the dragon boat raceD. she thinks it unwise for the patient to join in the dragon boat raceCAs is commonly known,Antarcticais an icy continent with extreme environment. However, a new study provides evidence that the area had a rainforest in the past.The researchers collected a piece of Earth sediment from under the seafloor off the coast ofAntarctica. In the sediment, they discovered forest material that was estimated to be about 90 million years old. At that period, dinosaurs were the ruler animals of the land.Johann Klages, a German geologist, was the lead writer of a study on the findings, published in the journalNature. He said the sediment was collected from a depth of about 30 meters below the ocean floor. Klages said an examination showed that the material didn’t form in the ocean.The researchers estimate that the area — about 900 kilometers from the South Pole — had average yearly temperatures of about12°Cto13°C. The soil included fine dirt particles and hard clay, as well as substances linked to at least 65 different kinds of plants, the study found. Although no animal remains were found, Klages said there were likely dinosaurs, flying reptiles and many insects in the environment.The research represents new evidence of the major climate changes Earth experienced in the past — and iscurrently undergoing today. The soil in the sediment dates back to the planet’s warmest period of the past 140 million years, with sea level about 170 meters higher than today. The researchers said that the rainforest environment inAntarcticawas especially surprising because each year, the area experiences a four-month polar night when there is no sunlight to fuel plant life. Klages said no ice sheets were present during the time, but seasonal snowfall was likely.8. What can we learn about the sediment collected?A. It formed in the age of dinosaurs.B. It was found on theAntarcticaland.C. Ancient forest material was found in it.D. Some dinosaur remains were found in it.9. How did the researchers reach their findings?A. By analyzing the Earth sediment.B. By exploring ice inAntarctica.C. By collecting data on climate.D. By researching special plants.10. What can be indicated in the last paragraph?A. Seasonal snowfall made the forest disappear.B. Antarctica was much colder 140 million years ago.C. Antarctica’s natural environment has changed greatly.D. Polar nights inAntarcticaare getting shorter than before.11. What is the main idea of the text?A. Rainforest disappeared fromAntarctica.B. Antarctica had a different history of climate.C. Researchers studied a piece of Earth sediment ofAntarctica.D.Antarcticahad an extreme environment containing ice and snow.DPreventing heart disease is a topic I think about all the time, given my family history of heart disease. So last summer, I travelled toBolivia.The natives, called the Tsimane, were reported to have the healthiest hearts in the world. I wanted to learn what they could teach me about preventing heart disease.Getting to the Tsimane wasn't easy. They lived in small family groups of about 60 people along river banks. We finally found one of the villages at sunset. That night, we set up our tents in the middle of the village. Thatched huts surrounded us, with no electricity or modem conveniences.At first, I thought they mainly got their calorics from meat. However, I found food such as rice and com made up nearly 70% of their diet. The food was not processed, lacking added sugars or salts.During my stay there, I went hunting and fishing with the men and played soccer with the kids. I found the Tsimane were standing or walking nearly all of their waking hours. Men spent lots of time tracking animals. Fanning and gathering, mostly done by children and women, were all-day affairs.I also got a clear idea of how they rested. As soon as the sun went down, people returned to their huts and went to sleep. And with the call of the cock in the morning, another day began.The lifespan of the Tsimane is actually much shorter than those living in theUS. Various factors, like animal attacks and infections, bring down the lifespan. But up until the day they die, they are often very healthy. While heart disease kills thousands of Americans every year and costs nearly a billion dollars a day, the Tsimane remind us that wealth doesn't necessarily buy health.12. Why does the author pay so much attention to preventing heart disease?A. He dreams of becoming a doctor.B. He wants to teach others about the topic.C. His family members encourage him to do so.D. He was born with a high risk of heart disease.13. Which factors did the author mainly focus on in his research?A. Housing, food and cooperation.B. Diet, activity and rest.C. Physical work, social life and lifespan.D. Group size, family history and consumption14. What was the Tsimane 's sleep-wake cycle mainly based on?A. Natural sound.B. Routine activity.C. Animal behaviour.D. Natural light.15. What might the author advise us to do after his travels inBolivia?A. Take in less sugar and salt.B. Stand less and walk more.C. Eat white meat instead of red meat.D. Live in the middle of the community.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
湖南省长沙市第一中学2023-2024学年高三上学期第二次月考英语试题
2023-2024-1长沙市一中高三上第二次月考英语时量：120分钟满分：150分第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）略第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A“Unfortunately, 85 percent of what makes us attractive or less to mosquitoes(蚊子) is hardwired in our genetic circuit board,” says Winegard, author of The Mosquito: A Human History of Our Deadliest Predator. Still, there are ways to outsmart summer’s most annoying party crashers, especially if all you want is to enjoy an evening on your patio(露台).Know your blood typeOnly female mosquitoes feed on humans, and for good reason: The proteins in your blood help them grow and mature their eggs. “She’s just being a good mom,” Winegard says. “People with blood type O are her top of choice. They get bitten twice as much as people with blood type A, with blood type B falling in between.”Stay cool“Mosquitoes hunt by both smell and sight,” Winegard says. “They can sm ell the carbon dioxide and see the heat signature of their target.” Avoiding alcohol can keep your body temperature lower — making you harder to find —so consider choosing cocktail instead.Wear light colorsAvoiding dark clothing can also keep you cooler, but that’s not the only reason it may offer relief. Mosquitoes, like many biting flies, are attracted to darker colors. The thinking behind this is that the animals they typically feed upon are larger, dark-bodied mammals(哺乳动物).Get rid of standing waterEven a glass of drinking water left on the deck can become a breeding ground for mosquito eggs — and mother mosquitoes lay about 100 eggs at a time. “They don’t need very much at all to breed. It can be a backyard toy, like a truck that has a bit of water in it, or a crushed pop can,” says Winegard. If you get rid of it, they’ll go somewhere else to lay their eggs.21. What’s the intention of this text?A. To introduce a new book.B. To offer professional tips.C. To analyze a study of insects.D. To suggest throwing a party.22. Why does a female mosquito feed on human blood?A. To hatch more eggs.B. To raise a large family.C. To identify blood types.D. To fully develop her body.23. What can we learn about mosquitoes according to Winegard?A. They can trace the smell of alcohol.B. They have energy-locating abilities.C. They feed off dark-bodied animals.D. They need abundant water to breed.BThe Malaysian actress, Michelle Yeoh, 60, shared some wisdom with the American Film Institute’s newest graduating class in a speech as she accepted an honorary doctorate of fine arts at the class of 2022 graduation ceremony.She recalled her early years in the industry. After an injury dashed her dreams of going into ballet, Yeoh bounced back at a gym where several stuntmen(特技替身演员) trained and ended up learning some tricks of the trade from them.“The first thing they taught me what to do was to tuck and roll, then how to fall on my side, and then how to fall on my back. And after a while, it dawned on me that they were teaching me how to fall,” she recalled. “And they said to me, ‘How are you going to go up if you don’t know how to come down?’” “That lesson sticks with me to this day. I had to learn how to fall. Well, you could say I learned it in my bones, literally,” Yeoh added.The actress mentioned jumping off a 20-foot highway overpass for one stunt, in which she over-rotated(旋转), causing her back to fold in half and a stunt went wrong. “I didn’t land properly, but I completed the scene,” she said.“These moments taught me perseverance, courage and humility,” she said. “They also taught me to hone my skills and eventually progress to the point where I was running on rooftops and jumping onto moving trains. I’m not asking you all to do that, okay? What I want to share with you today is that our slips and stumbles(绊跌) are the secrets to our flight. Trust me, that’s part of the deal. Success without failure is called luck. It cannot really be repeated or relied upon. It is from failure that we learn an d grow,” Yeoh continued.The Crazy Rich Asians star concluded her speech: “Be courageous, take chances, break barriers, be proud of what makes you unique.” “And most importantly, don’t be afraid to fall, for you are learning to fly,” Yeoh said.24. Whan can we learn about Michelle Yeoh from the first two paragraphs?A. She was tricked by several stuntmen.B. She was passionate about working out in a gym.C. She won a doctor’s degree in fine arts despite her old age.D. She was terribly defeated by an injury and discouraged in her early years.25. What lesson did Michelle Yeon learn from the stuntmen?A. God helps those who help themselves.B. Misfortune might be a blessing in disguise.C. Successful people are learning experiences with others.D. The greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall.26. What does the underlined word “hone” in paragraph 5 mean?A. Believe.B. Sharpen.C. Restore.D. Dominate.27. What are the keys to our success according to the text?A. Mistakes and failure.B. Luck and humility.C. Courage and pride.D. Opportunities and skills.C“It’s a natural question,” Dr. Holt-Lunstad said about the “ideal” number of friends. “Just like we have guidelines and recommendations for the amount of sleep we get and how physically active we are, this is health relevant.” While she and other friendship researchers admit there aren’t many studies that have specifically tackled the question of how many friends people should aim for, those that have been done offer a range.Dr. Degges-White recently conducted a survey of 297 adults, which has not been published or subject to peer review but found that 55 percent of participants believed two to three close friends was ideal, while 31 percent thought four to six was the goal. But friendship and intimacy are subjective, and there isn’t a widely used scale researchers share to define those concepts across studies. It’s also unclear how social media factors into all of this, as research suggests the size of a perso n’s online network may not have any meaningful impact on their perceived well-being.While friendship research offers some standards, it may be more useful for most of us to consider if you need more friends. Dr. Marisa Franco recommends starting with a fairly obvious but powerful question: Do I feel lonely! “Also, different people bring out different parts of us. So when you have a larger friend group, you’re able toexperience this side of yourself that loves golf, and this side that loves cars,” she added. “If you feel like your identity has sort of shrunk, or you’re not feeling quite like yourself, that might indicate you need different types of friends.”Of course, making friends in adulthood isn’t always easy. Research shows people struggle with it because they find it difficult to trust new people. For those reasons, it is often easier to start by reawakening old relationships. The amount of time you actually spend with your friends matters, too. Franco suggests that on average, very close friendships tend to take around 200 hours to develop. But spending time with friends you feel ambivalent(情绪复杂的) about —because they’re unreliable, critical, competitive or any of the many reasons people get under our skin — can be bad for your health.28. Which statement would Dr. Holt-Lunstad probably agree with?A. Healthy friendships contribute to quality sleep.B. There have been guidelines for making friends.C. Two to six close friends may be the most ideal.D. Friendships can be a crucial factor in well-being.29. How was Dr. Degges-White’s survey?A. It summarized the statistics in previous studies.B. It set standards on the exact number of friends.C. It distinguished between friendship and intimacy.D. It dismissed the influences of social media factors.30. According to Franco, you have to make new friends if _____________.A. your friend circle is large enoughB. you have a wide range of hobbiesC. your personal identities are restrictedD. you lead an unhappy adulthood life31. What matters in maintaining close friendships according to Franco?A. Quantities of time.B. Meeting frequency.C. Your healthy moods.D. Personalities of friends.DMany robots track objects by “sight” as they work with them, but optical(视觉的) sensors can’t take in an item’s entire shape when it’s in the dark or partially blocked from view. Now a new low-cost technique lets a robotic hand “feel” an unfamiliar object’s form — and skillfully handle it based on this information alone.Roboticist, Xiaolong Wang in University of California, San Diego and his team wanted to find out if complex coordination(协调) could be achieved in robotics using only simple touch data. The researchers attached 16 contact sensors, each costing about $12, to the palm and fingers of a four-fingered robot hand. These sensors simply indicate if an object is touching the hand or not. “While one sensor doesn’t catch much, a lot of them can help you capture different aspects of the object,” Wang says. In this case, the robot’s task was to rotate(旋转) items placed in its palm.The researchers first collected a large volume of touch data as a virtual robot hand practiced rotating objects, including balls. Using binary contact information (“touch” or“no touch”) from each sensor, the team built a comput er model that determines an object’s position at every step of the handling process and moves the fingers to rotate it smoothly and stably.Next they transferred this capability to operate a real robot hand, which successfully manipulated(操纵) previously unencountered objects such as apples, tomatoes, soup cans and rubber ducks. Transferring the computer model to the real world was relatively easy because the binary sensor data were so simple; the model didn’t rely on accurate measurements.Digging into what the robot hand perceives, Wang and his colleagues found that it can re-create the entire object’s form from touch data, informing its actions. He and his team are set to present their handiwork at an international conference called Robotics: Science and Systems.New York University’s Lerrel Pinto, who studies robots’ interactions with the real world, wonders whether the system would become less effective at more complicated tasks including opening a bottle cap. Wang’s group aims totackle more complex movements in future work as well as to add sensors in places such as the sides of the fingers. The researchers will also try adding vision to improve touch data for handling complicated shapes.32. What may contribute to the ineffectiveness of the optical sensors?A. Poor visibility.B. Blocked roads.C. Complicated tasks.D. Inaccurate calculation.33. What do paragraphs 3–4 focus on?A. Stimulating the robot fingers to move the items steadily.B. Increasing the precision of touch of the robot hand.C. Comparing the computer world with the real circumstances.D. Testing if touch information can facilitate the formation of the object shape.34. What is the attitude of Lerrel Pinto towards the system?A. Neutral.B. Suspicious.C. Favorable.D. Pessimistic.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Robotics: Science and SystemB. New Robot Rotates Items SkillfullyC. New Robot Hand Works by Feel, Not SightD. From the Computer Model to the Real Robot Hand第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
湖南省长沙市第一中学2023-2024学年高三上学期月考试卷(一)英语试题
湖南省长沙市第一中学2023-2024学年高三上学期月考试卷（一）英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Dramatic progress has been witnessed in the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) which benefits from those great contributions some ancient famous doctors made ant some experience they accumulated. The following three stand out among the ancient famous doctors.Hua TuoHua Tuo (145—208), famous physician of the late Eastern Han dynasty, also named Fu, was born at Qiao County in Peiguo (now Bozhou, Anhui Province). He led a simple life, away from fame and fortune. He would rather become a traveling physician for ordinary people.Hua Tuo was an expert in several medical fields, such as internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics and acupuncture. He was the first person to perform surgery with the aid of anesthesia (by applying Ma Fei San, a herbal anesthetic he invented) some 1,600 years before Europeans did.Zhang ZhongjingZhang Zhongjing (150—219), also known as Zhang Ji, was one of the most distinguished Chinese physicians during the later years of the Eastern Han dynasty. He lived in today’s Nanyang in Henan Province. He was known as the “medical sage” by later generations due to his outstanding contributions to TCM.During his time, with warlords (军阀) fighting for their own territories, many people were infected with fertility, an illness caused by fever. Zhang’s family was no exception. The experience stimulated his motivation in medicine. He learned medicine by studying from his town’s fellow Zhan Bozu, absorbing previous medicinal literature, collecting many prescriptions; and finally writing the medical masterpiece Shanghan Zabing Lun. Unfortunately shortly after its publication the book was lost during wartime.Li ShizhenLi Shizhen (1518—1593) was a famous medical scientist the Ming dynasty. He loved medicine from an early age and succeeded his ancestors as a doctor. He not only paidattention to accumulating experience in curing diseases, but also visited the famous mountains where medicinal materials were produced.On this basis, it took 27 years to compile (编著) the pharmaceutical masterpiece, Compendium of Materia Medica, which is known as the “Encyclopedia of Ancient China” and has made an important contribution to the development of classical medicine China. 1．What do the three famous doctors mentioned in the passage have in common?A．Their books never come out.B．They travelled extensively across China.C．They led the way worldwide in their own expertsD．They contributed themselves to the development of TCM.2．What can we learn from the passage?A．Hua Tuo was desperate for reputation and fortune.B．Li Shizhen came from a family of doctors.C．Li Shizhen survived Zhang Zhongjing by 9 years.D．Zhang Zhongjing’s medical masterpiece vanished before published.3．In which section of a magazine may this passage appear?A．Healthy lifestyles.B．Daily entertainment.C．Historical figures.D．Fitness management.On March 25, 2010, Kate and David Ogg heard the words every parent fears: Their newborn wasn’t going to make it. Their twins -- a girl and a boy -- were born two minutes apart and exactly 14 weeks premature, weighing just over two pounds respectively. Doctors had tried to save the boy for 20 minute but saw no improvement. His heartbeat was nearly gone, and he’d stopped breathing. The baby had just moments to live.“I saw him gasp (大口嘴气), but the doctor said it was no use,” Kate told the Daily Mail five years later. “I know it sounds stupid, but if he was still gasping, that was a sign of life. I wasn’t going to give up easily.”Still, the Sydney couple knew this was likely goodbye. In an effort to cherish her last minutes with the tiny boy, Kate asked to hold him.“I wanted to meet him, and for him to know us, ” Kate told Today. “We’d resigned ourselves the fact that we were going to lose him, and we were just trying to make the most of those last, precious moments.”Kate unwrapped the boy, whom the couple had already named Jamie, from his hospital blanket and ordered David to take his Shirt off and join them in bed. The first-time parents wanted their son to be as warm as possible and hoped the skin-to-skin contact would improve his condition they then talked to him.“We were trying to let him stay, ” Kate told the Daily Mail. “We explained his name and that he had a twin that he had to look out for and that how hard we had tried to have him.”Then something unbelievable happened. Jamie gasped again and then he started breathing. Finally, he reached for his father’s finger.The couple’s lost boy had made it.“We’re the luckiest people in the world,” David told Today. Eight years later, Jamie and his sister, Emily, are happy and healthy. The Oggs only recently told the kids the story of their birth. “Emily hardy-held back her tears,” Kate said, “and she kept hugging Jamie with great affection. This whole experience makes you cherish them more.” “They widened their eyes as if there were an apple in their mouths bearing the miraculous experience,” David added. 4．What can we learn about the twins?A．They totally weighed less than 4 pounds.B．They have been in bad condition since birth.C．The couple attempted to save the boy but in vain.D．They came to the world nearly100 days earlier than expected.5．Which is the correct order of the following events?a. The dying boy went back to normal.b. The couple gave the boy a skin-to-skin contact.c. The couple made the case for his name to the boy.d. Doctors announced the approaching death of the boy.A．d-a-c-b B．d-b-c-a C．c-b-a-d D．d-c-a-b 6．How did Emily feel when told the story or their birth?A．Touched and challenged.B．Sad and confused.C．Astonished and bored.D．Surprised and moved.7．Which is a suitable title for the passage?A．A life-giving touch.B．A successful medical attention.C．A test from the God.D．First-time but devoted parents.We are all aware of the damaging pollution that’s created by driving petrol and diesel (柴油) vehicles. Many of the world’s cities are jammed with traffic, creating poisonous gases such as nitrogen oxides. The solution for a cleaner, greener future could be electric vehicles. But how optimistic should we be?There was much excitement last year when the UK government announced it will ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars from 2030. But is that easier said than done?The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off. Currently, battery life is an issue — a fully charged battery won’t take you as far as a full tank of petrol. Here are also limited numbers of charging points to plug an EV into.Of course, technology is always improving. Some of the biggest tech companies, like Google and Tesla, are spending huge amounts of money developing electric cars. And most of the big car manufacturers are now making them too. Colin Herron, a consultant on low-carbon vehicle technology, told the BBC: “The big leap forward will come with solid-state batteries, which will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they progress cars. These will charge more quickly, and give cars a a bigger range.”Cost is another issue that may deter people switching to electric power. But some countries offer encouraging measures, such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking. Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on, overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams. These kinds of measures have made Norway the Country with the most electric cars per capita (人均) at more than thirty electric cars per 1,000 inhabitants.But Colin Herron warns that “electric motoring” doesn’t mean a zero-carbon future. 8．What makes global traffic difficult to be totally electric according to the second paragraph?A．A ban of the UK government.B．Lack of petrol.C．The small number of charging points.D．A low battery quality.9．According to Colin Herron, what can we learn?A．Solid-state batteries will allow electric cars to travel farther.B．Electric cars will indeed make for a zero-carbon future.C．Solid-state batteries will be initially employed in electric cars.D．Big progress has been made in laptops and mobile phones.10．What does the underlined word “deter” mean in the fourth paragraph?A．Block.B．Suggest.C．Leave.D．Catch.11．What will be most probably talked about next?A．The huge potential of electric cars.B．The unfavorable future of electric cars.C．The eagerness for a zero-carbon future.D．The reasons for not achieving a zero-carbon future.For most people, death is hard to think about. We tend to avoid the subject—involuntarily, even. The philosopher Stephen Cave offers one explanation for this avoidance in his 2012 book, Immorality. “Death,” he writes, “presents itself as both inevitable and impossible.” You can know rationally that you will die, yet struggle to understand your nonexistence. Put another way, you cannot be conscious of your own consciousnesses.So we dismiss death form our thoughts. But this leads us to make choice in life that actually reduce our happiness. People who express more regrets tend to be those who postpone profound activities that yield meaning, such as appreciating beauty or spending more time with loved ones. When we avoid thoughts of death, we unconsciously assume that tomorrow will look a lot like today, so we can do tomorrow what we could today. But when we focus on death, that increases the stakes at play in the present, and clarifies what we should do with our time.By forcing ourselves to think about death, our resources-use decisions change. I ask my 20-something graduate students to estimate how many Thanksgivings they realistically have left with their parents, and then to consider how they should spend those remaining occasions. This usually simulates a strong emotional reaction. But it can also alter such decisions as where they choose to live and work. This highlights that facing discomfort and thinking seriously about the impermanence of your mortal life are important for making decisions that enhance your happiness.There are other benefits. For example, paradoxical though it may seem, considering death can encourage positive thinking, as researchers found in 2007. People prepared to think about their death tended to focus on favorable emotional information around them, and to interpret random words in a pleasanter way. You begin to think extremely clearly, and realize that you have a choice about how to see present moment—and choose the positive.If you insist ignoring your own death, you are likely to make decisions that cause you to sleepwalk through life. You may not be dead yet, but you are not fully alive either. If you canlook across that border with resolve and confidence, you will experience every day fully and deeply.12．What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?A．People’s fear of death.B．People’s escape from death.C．People’s acceptance of death.D．People’s struggle against death. 13．What will happen to us if we don’t focus on death?A．Enjoying a lot more happiness.B．Taking better advantage of time.C．Postponing big things until tomorrow.D．Engaging in more meaningful activities.14．What’s the author’s purpose in mentioning his graduate students?A．To argue for the changes in making big decisions.B．To show doubts about facing discomfort of death.C．To compare students’ different attitudes to death.D．To argue against the necessity of considering death.15．What does the author suggest readers do in the passage?A．Avoid thinking about your death.B．Live a better life by ignoring death.C．Step away from death and live better.D．Think about your death and live better.二、七选五Report reveals CIA behind “Color Revolutions”Recently, the National Computer Virus Emergency Response Center released a report entitled Empire of Hacking: The US Central Intelligence Agency. 16 .According to statistics, the CIA has intervened (干预) in or attempted to overthrow at least 50 legitimate (合法的) governments and caused unrest in numerous other countries over the years, 17 . Examples of these interventions include the collapse of the socialist camp in the 1980s, the “Velvet Revolution”, “Rose Revolution”, “Orange Revolution”, “Tulip Revolution”, and “Snow Revolution” in various countries, and the “Green Revolution” and “Arab Spring”. Analyzing these events reveals that the successful organization of such “ColorRevolutions” depends on the use of communication and command technologies, in which the US is a leading power.18 . This facilitated the technological advances for US intelligence agencies to carry lout “Color Revolutions” abroad. The Internet also played a major role in the “Arab Spring”, with certain US-based multinational Internet companies actively intervening in the form of disinformation, support for anti-government actions, and other methods. 19 . Twitter and Google quickly created “Speak2Tweet” to help anti-government personnel in countries like Egypt and Tunisia maintain contact with the outside world. RAND developed “stampede”, a system that allowed proprietors to connect to the Internet, resulting in improved on-site command for demonstrations “RIOT”, a software that supports independent wireless broadband and anti-jamming Wi-Fi, was also developed to avoid censorship (审查) and surveillance (监视).The US Department of State also invested more than $ 30 million in the research and development of anti-censorship systems. 20 .A．though it has only admitted to sevenB．The Internet developed rapidly at that timeC．since these countries conducted “Color Revolutions”D．The US led the promotion of the Internet to the international market in the 1980sE．That the CIA has been secretly conducting “Color Revolutions” around the world for a long time is reportedF．Therefore, the CIA conducted several “Color Revolutions” worldwide with the help of these tools and technologiesG．These companies also provided encrypted (加密的) network communication services, such as TOR, to avoid censorship and surveillance三、完形填空faces. They looked unhappy. And I realized that I was one of them. Suddenly, I could noOver the years, I had grown more competitive due to the 25 of finishing my Ph.D．Those who could have been partners became competitors I disliked and the effect of this competition was exactly the 26 of what I had hoped for. I began to feel lonely and lost. I became less and less 27 in my scientific work. I hit my 28 point that day at the bus station. I had to end this. I emailed my professors, explaining that I had put the 29 first and myself second for too long.Shortly after I got back home, I started to receive some emails from my workmates — I guessed they expected me to join them again soon. After a few 30 asking how I was, in the emails many expressed their stress of academic life. Vulnerable (脆弱的) researchers were sticking their heads out of their shells (壳), seeking 31 . It occurred to me that we all 32 sometimes, and our vulnerability seemed so much alike that I 33 myself from all that had bothered me for days. 34 it can be win-win game, instead of one where one side gains while the other side loses. Working with others and asking for help doesn’t make my contributions 35 ; it means we can all succeed.21．A．store B．office C．station D．cafe shop 22．A．settle B．awaken C．disappear D．explode 23．A．reddish B．unique C．unfamiliar D．unsmiling 24．A．begin with B．get rid of C．proceed with D．get down to 25．A．response B．pressure C．commitment D．willingness 26．A．outcome B．opposite C．meaning D．alternative 27．A．responsible B．engaged C．aggressive D．productive 28．A．starting B．ending C．breaking D．boiling 29．A．fame B．honor C．partners D．occupation 30．A．lines B．jokes C．accounts D．greetings 31．A．help B．belief C．hardship D．answers 32．A．choked B．suffered C．relaxed D．hesitated 33．A．liberated B．discouraged C．protected D．excused 34．A．Actually B．Generally C．Eventually D．Fortunately 35．A．irregular B．improper C．illogical D．insignificant四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.Chinese civilization has been marked, in my humble opinion, by three distinct features: evolution with continuity, inclusiveness, and receiving and sharing the goods of civilization.China’s modernization process over the past four decades 36 (create) a new context 37 there is a partnership between the ancient and modern, gnerating something new and genuine. China is not a stranger to this evolutionary process. It adapted “socialism” to the Chinese context, devising socialism with Chinese characteristics taking into 38 (consider) the changing Chinese and world reality.With regard to inclusiveness, Chinese civilization has been open to positive outside inferences, 39 proved by the inclusion of Buddhism and Islam into Chinese society. China has always welcomed the positive aspects of other civilizations while contributing its civilization achievements 40 (enrich) other civilizations. Chinese music did not shy away from 41 (adopt) musical instruments from the Middle East, like the fantastic pipa, and making it 42 essential and beautiful part of Chinese musical culture.When it comes to sharing, one of the 43 (great) gifts China gave to the world through the ancient Silk Road was the technology of making paper on an industrial scale, which revolutionized the spread of science and philosophy in the Arab and Islamic world all the way to Europe beginning in the 8th century.This new technology 44 (be) as important then as the Internet is today for spreading of knowledge and communication. In Baghdad and other cultural centers during the Islamic renaissance (文艺复兴), there was a massive intellectual outpouring, which 45 the Chinese invention of paper, would have been limited in scope.五、申请信46．假定你是宏远中学学生李华，得知一个国际中学生组织将在长沙举办夏令营，正在招募志愿者。
湖南省长沙市第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期月考卷(二)语文(含答案)
长沙市一中2025届高三月考试卷（二）语文得分：_____________ 本试卷共10页，时量150分钟，满分150分。
一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~5题。
材料一中国诗词讲究含蓄，以淡为美。
而英美诗歌则比较奔放，以感情激越为胜。
另外，中国诗词多以歌颂为主，而英美现代诗歌多以揭露为主。
中国诗人或托物言志，或借景抒情，永远把自己的情感埋藏于诗词之中，我们只有通过“感悟”才可能感觉出其美，最突出的例子莫过于马致远的《天净沙·秋思》。
他几乎没有用一个表达感情的词语，只是把“枯藤”“老树”“昏鸦”简单地排列在一起，寥寥几笔便勾勒出一幅凄凉寂寥的景象，后面两句把几种事物列在一处，却恰如其分地渲染了寂寞、惨淡的气氛，“夕阳西下”更是给整幅画面涂上了一层昏黄的颜色，最后一笔带出“断肠人在天涯”，感觉上前后好像并无直接联系，但感情是连贯的，思路也是连贯的。
一口气读下来，仿佛自己就是诗人所描绘的画中的游子，引起强烈的共鸣。
然而几种事物的并列，虽然没有任何的主观感情，却比再多的语言都要强烈地表达了一种孤寂凄清的感情，这正是中国古典诗歌的魅力所在。
相比之下，英美现代诗歌强调写资本主义社会中畸零人的心理，比较直率地把诗人的所要表达的意思表现出来，直抒胸臆而毫无造作，言尽而意亦尽，回味的空间相对缩小了，但这样比较符合西方人的心理特征、思维特征。
（摘编自吕洋《中西方诗歌比较》）材料二①与中国古典诗歌弱化主体的倾向不同，西方诗歌中的主体差不多总是在场的。
以十四行诗为例，主体总是堂而皇之地出现在诗中，站出来讲话。
这样，西方诗歌就形成了与中国诗歌迥然不同的风格。
②诗歌的风格离不开其文化土壤。
在中国，流行的思想是人与自然的和谐，这种观念的形成与中国人的生活方式和生活环境有关。
早在新石器时代，农业经济就已经建立起来。
几千年来，自给自足的经济稳定繁荣，因此，人们非常依赖自然环境，对自然世界的任何微妙变化都很敏感，他们渴望与自然亲密接触。
湖南省长沙市第一中学2025届高三上学期月考卷(一)语文试题(含答案)
长沙市一中2025届高三月考试卷（一）语文本试卷共10页，时量150分钟，满分150分。
一、现代文阅读（34分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共5小题，18分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～5题。
（一）①因为儒家政治构想的最高目标是旨在修身齐家治国平天下的“人”，人与人之间伦理认同即是根本和逻辑起点。
这种伦理的内涵，有着更为普遍和更为基础的对天下之“人”的论述。
先秦时期的中国，以最为根本性的孝、仁来建构人与人的认同，来建构自己与“他者”共在的联系，即天下。
②周朝的天下，以宗法制为联结，宗法制的伦理根基是“孝”。
家庭共同体有了孝的概念，孝的延伸就是天下共同体之“仁”。
仁不是与他者的对立，而是与他者的共生共通。
“仁”即是处理人与人关系的概念，处理人与人之间关系，逻辑上首先要处理与亲人的关系。
只有实现家庭内部的“亲亲”，才能实现向外的“爱人”。
人与家庭共生，通过“仁”的概念转向了人与天下共生。
因此理想的天下就是“不独亲其亲，不独子其子”。
天下大同，是仁孝概念的逻辑必然，也是伦理化天下的根本内涵。
换句话说，天下其实就是人类的伦理共同体，因此在这个共同体之内，就不可能有民族歧视。
③天下为一家，意味着“他者”的取消，即不以政体或民族区分敌我，而是在伦理关系中确证对方的独立性，并与对方共生共在。
天下一家的秩序展现在现实中，就是以伦理关系为核心的礼制。
凡天下之人，皆需仁孝，而仁孝就要服从礼制，服从礼制就要服从天子。
因此，家与天下就在政治秩序层面实现了同构。
随着大一统的实现，天下之内没有了其他的国，国家秩序也就成了天下秩序。
这种伦理化的天下秩序不断将边缘的地域和人民纳入天下中来，荀子说：“四海之内若一家，通达之属莫不从服。
”④后世的中国人，往往不是以民族或者国家来定义中国，而是以文化或文明定义中国。
正是因为中国概念的文明内涵，才导致中国可以消弭地理边界，逐渐与天下趋同。
⑤这种伦理的、文化的天下观念在宋朝受到了某种程度的挑战。
湖南省长沙市第一中学2025届高三上学期月考卷(一)化学答案
长沙市一中2025届高三月考试卷（一）化学参考答案一、选择题（本题共14小题，每小题3分，共42分。
每小题只有一项符合题目要求）题号1234567891011121314答案BAABCCDDCDCACC1．B 【解析】B ．25P O 吸水后的产物有毒，不能用作食品干燥剂。
2．A 【解析】A ．乙醚的结构简式为3223CH CH OCH CH 。
4．B 【解析】B ．用水吸收会产生NO 。
6．C 【解析】C ．电解苛性钠溶液制高铁酸盐的阳极反应：242 Fe 6e 8OH FeO 4H O ----+=+。
11．C 【解析】具有催化活性的是Ni ，图②中没有Ni 原子，则催化活性：①>②，故A 正确；镍酸镧电催化剂立方晶胞中含有1个Ni ，11234⨯=个O ，1818⨯=个La ，镍酸镧晶体的化学式为3LaNiO ，故B 正确；由晶胞结构可知，La 在晶胞的体心，O 在晶胞的棱心，则La 周围紧邻的O 有12个，故C 错误；由晶胞结构可知，La 和Ni 的最短距离为体对角线的一半，为32a ，故D 正确。
14．C 【解析】恒温恒容条件下，气体的压强之比等于气体物质的量之比，故起始时实验②与实验③的压强相等，实验①的压强是实验②与实验③的3倍，则曲线Ⅰ对应实验①，且3m p =，故A 正确；实验①与实验②的温度相等，根据等效平衡可知，实验①与实验②最终会达到相同的平衡状态，故曲线Ⅱ对应实验②，则曲线Ⅲ对应实验③，实验②与实验③充入的Z 一样多，实验③比实验②达到平衡所用的时间长，则Z 的分解反应是吸热反应，随反应的进行，实验③温度降低，反应速率减慢，故正反应是放热反应，故B 正确；根据pV nRT =，c 、d 两点的压强相同，V 相同，由于反应吸热，c 点的温度比d 点低，则c 点的气体物质的量更多，故气体的总物质的量：c d n n >，故C 错误；正反应是放热反应，温度越低，平衡常数越大，故b 点平衡常数小于c 点，故D 正确。
湖南省长沙市第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期月考(一)地理试题
大联考长沙市一中2025届高三月考试卷(一)地 理得分 本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共8页。
时量75分钟，满分100分。
第Ⅰ卷 选择题(共48分)一 选择题：本大题共16小题，每小题3分，共48分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
区域人口迁移通常经历单核心向多核心演化的过程。
下图为我国长三角不同时期人口迁移的空间演化过程示意图。
据此完成1~2题。
1.与单核心阶段相比，多核心阶段人口迁移的特点是A.人口迁移的通道较少B.人口迁移的规模更小C.人口仅在小城镇阿流动D.人口迁移的频次更高2.在多核心阶段，若次级城市吸引力增强，可能带来的影响有①疏导核心城市的人口压力 ②加剧核心城市的逆城市化③降低核心城市的行政级别 ④促进区域经济一体化发展A.①②B.②③C.①④D.③④甘肃西接阿尔金山和祁连山，是我国西北地区重要的生态安全屏障。
为规范国土空间开发，实现区域的协调发展，甘肃将全省划分为3个主体功能区：城镇化发展区、农产品主产区、重点生态功能区(图1)。
图2示意2021年县域碳排放网络空间关联关系图(节点的大小表示在网络关系中的重要程度，节点间线的长度和粗细表示联系的频繁程度)。
据此完成3~5题。
3.甲、乙、丙分别表示A.城镇化发展区、农产品主产区、重点生态功能区B.城镇化发展区、重点生态功能区、农产品主产区C.农产品主产区、重点生态功能区、城镇化发展区D 重点生态功能区、城镇化发展区、农产品主产区关于甘肃省碳排放的说法，正确的是①陇中地区的碳排放强度最小②陇东南地区碳中和压力最大③河西地区因受地形的影响县域间碳排放网络空间联系弱④县域碳排放网络空间紧密度由中小县．域向周边县域递减A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④5.关于城关区的发展方向，下列规划合理的是A.积极推进农创产业及新型农业发展B.积极创新推动低碳试点，发挥低碳引领导向C.积极发展生态经济和文化旅游经济D.积极优化产业结构，停止高耗能产业的发展风和水是干旱地区的两种主要作用力。
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