第9组-智能与学能

fluency skills. •It may be a powerful predictor of success in classroom SLA, but
much less so in naturalistic SLA, when L2 knowledge is developed through learning how to communicate in the target
The role of Aptitude in SLA
1.Those learners with gift for
formal study are likely to learn
Route
Just as all children acquire their first language according to a universal pattern, so too L2 learners operate the same basic cognitive processes in SLA.
language.
conclusion
•An aptitude is a component of a competency to do a certain kind of work at a certain level, which can also be considered "talent".
Doubts about aptitude in SLA
1.As SLA involves not only an ability to learn sound and grammar systems, but also the ability to use these systems to communicate meanings.
suggestions
More exploring work should be New measures of aptitude need to be developed.
done to intelligence on SLA.
Teachers should treat students
Students should make full use
Three major components of Aptitude(Carroll and Sapon1959)
Phonetic coding ability
Which consists of the
Grammatical sensitivity
Which is the
individual’s ability to demonstrate awareness of tsentences of a language.
Cognitive/academic language ability(CALP) Basic interpersonal communication skills(BICS)
The effects of Intelligence (CALP and BICS)
Genesee1976: it was related to the development of
Doubts about Aptitude in SLA
1.What cognitive process are subsumed under the label of aptitude.
2.What extent intelligence and aptitude are separate concepts.
differently according to their
aptitude.
of their intelligence and
aptitude.
Example Marjorie Wesche
Learners of French
Group1: High on analytic but average on memory
Intelligence VS Aptitude
九组成员
万 娅 邬文慧 崔 莹
刘巧媚
冉霞
CONTENTS
1 2 3 4
definition distinction conclusion suggestion
Definition
It might be called a general academic or reasoning abilities
Group2: Strong in memory but average on analytic
Grammatical Structures
The functional use of SL in specific situation
report
•W reported that the students who matched with their aptitude profiles had got the satisfactory results and may be able to attain higher levels of achievements than those who are unmatched.
academic L2 French language skills(reading,
grammar, and vocabulary), but was in the main unrelated to ratings of oral productive skills by native speakers.
•Intelligence may influence the acquisition of some skills
associated with SLA. Such as those utilized in the formal study of a L2, but it is much less likely to influence the acquisition of oral
Arguments about Intelligence
Oller and Perkins1978: there exits a global language
proficiency factor which accounts for the bulk of the
reliable variance in a wide variety of language proficiency measures. Cummins1979 provides a way of reconciling Oller’s claim with objection described above. He distinguishes two kinds of language ability.
Aptitudes may be physical or mental. The innate nature of
aptitude is in contrast to achievement, which represents knowledge or ability that is gained through learning.
It is not easy to define .
It is measured with MLAT and LAB
aptitude
Both tests seek to measure the abilities of learners to discriminate the meaningful sounds of a language, to associate sounds with written symbols, and to identify the grammatical regularities of a language.
2.Oller has argued that general intelligence and ability to use language in language tests are essentially the same. He disputes the existence of a separate purely linguistic ability.
intelligence
It is used to refer to a
hypothesized “general factor”
McDonough emphasizes: it refers to “capacity rather than contents of the mind”
Definition
Inductive ability
Which consists
of the ability to notice and identify
ability to
perceive and memorize new sounds
similarities and
differences in both grammatical form and meaning.
more rapidly.
2.This learning, however, may
be of a particular kind: Krashen’s’ learning’ or
Cummins’s cognitive/academic
language proficiency
Rate
conclusion