英语三大类基本从句
什么是从句
什么是从句
从句是一个独立的句子，它有自己的主语和谓语，但是却依赖于另一个句子，或称之
为主句，来表达其意思。
从句一般由关系词（如：who，which，that，where）引导。
在英语中，从句可以分为三大类：定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句。
1、定语从句
定语从句可以称为限制性定语从句或非限制性定语从句，主要用来修饰名词或名词性
词组，“which，who，whom，whose”等关系词常常用在定语从句中。
限制性定语从句用
于限定或特定某个或一些特定的人或事物，非限制性定语从句提供额外的信息，而不是用
来限定语气的信息。
例如：
The students who work hard can get good grades.
这句话中的“who work hard”为定语从句，用来限制此处的students，who为关系词。
状语从句经常用来修饰句子中的动词、形容词或其他动词形式，关系词which，when，where，why，while，if等用在状语从句中，它一般表达时间、条件、原因、让步、结果
等概念。
例如：
He always comes to school early, which makes him popular among his classmates.
3、名词性从句
名词性从句可以用作句子中另一个句子的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，如：
This is what I want.
总之，从句可以被看作是一个整体，而且它给母句带来更加丰富的意义和语言表达。
只有理解了其结构、特点以及与主句之间的关系，才能更好的运用从句来表达自己的思想。
英语中三大类从句
从句概述
• 从句只能做主句的某一部分,依附于主句 而存在,不能独立。
• 从句也具有句子的特征，即有自己的主 谓结构；而且带有引导词。
• 根据从句在句中的作用，可分为名词性 从句、形容词性（定语）从句和副词性 （状语）从句三类。
一、名词性从句
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。其关 联词有连词that, if, whether；连接代词what, who, which和连接副 词when, where, why, how等。
Ryan was worrying about whether he had hurt her feelings. ⑶ or not紧随其后时；I don’t care whether or not he has a holiday. ⑷ 后接不定式时。 She can’t decide whether to go.
连接词的用法 (三)
３．Who, whom, whose, what, which
连接代词Who, whom, whose, what, which等 在从句中既起连接作用，又担当主语、宾语、表 语等成分，并保留其特殊疑问词词义。如：
No one knows who he was waiting for. Tell me whose house it is. Let me know which train you will be arriving on.
④ It +v. (seems / happened, etc. )+that-clause It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. It happened that I was out that day.
三大从句语法讲解
三大从句语法讲解从句：在复合句具有主谓部分但不能独立成句的句子。
主句：除掉从句，就是主句在英语中，主要有三大从句：名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）形容词性从句（即定语从句）副词性从句（即状语从句：包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）三大从句快速判断方法：1.主句不完整，从句不完整→名词性从句（连接代词）2.主句不完整，从句完整→名词性从句（连词、连接副词）3.主句完整，从句不完整→定语从句（关系代词）4.主句完整，从句完整→定语从句（关系副词）、同位语从句、状语从句名词性从句主语从句：（用句子代替名词来做主语）比如汉语中：①你通过我的方法学好了英语【主语】是我的荣幸。
②你要不要学英语【主语】是你自己的事。
③你想要的学习效果【主语】还必须靠你自己实现。
④你什么时候开始学英语【主语】是很重要的一件事。
基本：三类主语从句的连词（1）从属连词引导的主语从句（that / whether / if）that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义/在句中不做成分/不可以省。
That 引导主语从句通常用it 作形式主语。
例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely.（你要赢得这样比赛看起来不可能。
）That she survived the accident is a miracle.（她能在这场事故中幸存真是个奇迹。
）这个就同我们汉语例子中的①句一样，只不过英语中更加重视句子结构，所以把that放在前头，告诉你这个that后面跟的句子（和里面的主谓宾）不影响主句。
whether 引导的主语从句: whether有含义(是否)/在句中不做成分/不可以省。
注意：引导主语从句，不能用if不能在开头，只能用whether.Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.（我们明天会不会在户外举办聚会取决于天气。
三大从句语法
从句可分为三类:即名词性从句、形容词性从句（即定语从句）和副词性从(即状语从句）。
引导从句的词称作关联句。
一、名词性从句引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括：从属连词：that，if, whether连接代词：who, whoever whom, whomever ，which ,whichever ，what ,whatever ，whose 连接副词where, when, why, how。
其中, 从属连词只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句法成分，而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分。
不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词2。
引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy。
We heard the news that our team had won。
比较：whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。
但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代:1。
whether 引导主语从句并在句首2。
引导表语从句 3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有"or not” 例：Whether he will come is not clear。
The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party。
I don't know if he will attend the meeting。
1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中，为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末。
That—从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that—从句置于句末，例如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure。
很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。
It’s a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事.用it作形式主语的that—从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:A It + be +形容词+ that—从句例:It is necessary that…有必要……It is important that…重要的是……It is obvious that… 很明显……B. It + be + —ed 分词+ that-从句例如：It is believed that…人们相信……It is known to all that…从所周知……It has been decided that… 已决定……C。
初中英语语法-英语从句总结
初中英语语法总结（从句）英语从句三大类型按一般说法，可分为三大类14种从句。
一,名词性从句1主语从句Whether it’s right or not remains to be seen。
2宾语从句I wonder whether it's right or not.3同位语从句This is a question whether it's right or not. 4表语从句The question is whether it's right or not。
二，定语从句1限定性定语从句She is the student who can speak English well。
2非限定性定语从句She is the student, who can speak English well。
三,状语从句1时间状语从句The fact will come out when he comes here。
2地点状语从句You can go wherever you like。
3原因状语从句Pay more attention to your lessons because you are astudent。
4方式状语从句He walks as if he were a king.5目的状语从句She went to Japan so that she could learn Japanese well. 6结果状语从句She went to Japan so that she learned Japanese well.7条件状语从句I will understand it if he tells me.8让步状语从句He knows a lot though he is little.1．定语从句There are some old books in the box.The boy dressed in blue is from America。
(完整)高中英语主要要掌握三大从句
高中英语主要要掌握三大从句。
分别是：1、定语从句（形容词从句）2、名词词从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）3、状语从句（副词性从句，包括时间，地点，结果，目的，原因等）一、定语从句：定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
1、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主词保持一致。
（1）, who, whom, that这些词代替指人，“whom”作宾语指人，“that”既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。
（2），Which 用来指人或物(用作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略）（3），whose“whose”表示谁（可以为人也可以为物）的（东西）2、关系代词引导的定语从句（1），关系副词why主要用于修饰表示原因的名词（主要是the reason），同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语。
（2），关系副词when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。
（3），关系副词where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。
3、非限制性定语从句它起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。
在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开。
二、名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：1、连词（5个）：that （宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略）whether,if （均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though （均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分2、连接代词（9个）：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever3、连接副词（7个）：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however三、状语从句状语从句（Adverbial Clause）状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。
英语 中三大类从句
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
⑴限制性定语从句起修饰、限定或确定的作用，同先行词的 关系十分密切，是先行词不可缺少的定语。如果将从句去 掉，主句的意思就不完整，甚至不合乎逻辑。常翻译成带 “的”字的定语性词组。如：
The boys who are planting trees on the hill are middle school students. 在山上种树的男孩都是中学生。
关系代词的用法（一）
⑴who 指人，是主格，在从句中作主语。如： Do you know the boy who is standing under the tree? He is one of the students who have been to Beijing. He is the only one of the students who has been to Beijing. 注：关系代词在从句中作主语时，其人称和数要与其先行词一致。
连接词的用法 (二)
2. whether 和 if 连词whether和 if表“是否”之意，在 从句中不可省略。 在下列情况中只用whether不用if: ⑴ 引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时； The question is whether it is worth trying. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. I have no idea whether I should believe him or not. ⑵ 从句作介词的宾语时； Ryan was worrying about whether he had hurt her feelings. ⑶ or not紧随其后时；I don’t care whether or not he has a holiday. ⑷ 后接不定式时。 She can’t decide whether to go.
英语中从句的连接词辨析
简单地说，英语复合句所涉及的三大从句为：名词性从句（包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句），形容词性从句（即定语从句），副词性从句（即状语从句）。
1. 引导名词性从句通常有三类词：一类是连接词that, whether, if；另一类是连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which 以及whoever, whomever, whoseever, whatever,whichever；还有一类是连接副词how, when, where, why。
2. 引导形容词性从句（即定语从句）通常有两类词：一类是关系代词that, which, who, whom, as, whose等；另一类是关系副词where, when, why。
3. 引导副词性从句（即状语从句）的叫从属连词。
不同作用的状语从句通常由不同的从属连词来引导。
如：(1) 引导时间状语从句的从属连词主要有when, while, as, whenever, before, after, since, until, till, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once等。
(2) 引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有if, unless, as [so] long as, in case 等。
(3) 引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。
(4) 引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so that, so…that, such…that等。
(5) 引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that) 等。
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PART1：英语从句三大类型按一般说法，可分为三大类14种从句。
一,名词性从句1主语从句Whether it's right or not remains to be seen.2宾语从句I wonder whether it's right or not.3同位语从句This is a question whether it's right or not.4表语从句The question is whether it's right or not.二,定语从句1限定性定语从句She is the student who can speak English well.2非限定性定语从句She is the student,who can speak English well.三,状语从句1时间状语从句The fact will come out when he comes here.2地点状语从句You can go wherever you like.3原因状语从句Pay more attention to your lessons because you are a student. 4方式状语从句He walks as if he were a king.5目的状语从句She went to Japan so that she could learn Japanese well.6结果状语从句She went to Japan so that she learned Japanese well.7条件状语从句I will understand it if he tells me.8让步状语从句He knows a lot though he is little.PART2：经典名词性从句主语从句(subject clauses)在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。
引导主语从句的词有从属连词、、关系代词、连接副词等。
引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether，关系代词：who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。
That you don’t like him is none of my business.你不喜欢她不管我的事。
What he said is true. 他说的是真的。
Do you remember how he arrived almost at the end of the party?你记得他几乎是在宴会快结束时才到的吗？ This party's really where it's at, man! 啊，这个晚会真棒！Tell us how you fulfilled the heavy task ahead of schedule.告诉我们,你们是怎样提前完成这一艰巨任务的。
We have reason to believe that the fighting on the border may develop into a full-blown war. (喻)我们有理由相信边境上的冲突可能发展成一场全面战争。
He said that he would come. 他说他要来。
Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.足球比赛是否举行将视天气而定。
表语从句用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。
引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。
可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。
That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。
The trouble is that we are short of money.困难是我们资金短缺。
That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。
At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
宾语从句(object clauses)用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。
宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词、分词）和某些形容词的宾语。
宾语从句可以由从属连词that whether、if，关系代词what, who, whose, which和关系副词when、where、how、why等引导。
He said he wanted to go to town. 他说他想去城里。
I hope you'll be better soon.我希望你能很快好起来。
I’m so glad that you were able to come to this party.你能设法抽空出席这个交际会，我很高兴。
I know nothing about it except what I have read in the papers.除了在报上读到的以外,我对这件事一无所知。
Most of the Chinese people usually go to work on the bike except when it rains.除了雨天,大多数中国人一般都骑自行车上班。
He asked me whether she was coming. 他问我，她来还是不来。
同位语从句用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。
它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，reason，information, question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。
引导同位语从句的词除连词that，whether外，还有关系代词what, which, who, 以及关系副词how，when，where，why等。
It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health.吸烟危害健康，这是事实。
I have no idea what you mean.我一点儿也不明白你的意思。
He made the suggestion that we go by train. 他建议我们坐火车去。
There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫无疑问，他是有罪的。
PART3：经典定语从句1.窗户朝南的那间房间是我的。
The room whose window faces south is mine.=The room of which the window faces south is mine.1.整座城市躺在废墟中，其中百分子75的工厂和大楼消失不见了。
The whole city, 75% of whose factories and buildings were gone, lay in ruins.2.我们公司有2000工人，三分之二是女工。
Our company has 2000 workers, of whom two thirds/ two thirds of whom are women.3.那些被困在废墟里的人已经得救了。
Those who were trapped under the ruins finally got rescued.4.你们刚才谈论的那场地震好可怕呀！The earthquake that you were talking about sounded frightening/shocking.=The earthquake about which you were talking sounded frightening.5.我的家人都是音乐爱好者，今晚将去看电影。
My family, all of whom are music lovers, are going to the movie tonight.6.我们正在看的这幢大楼过去曾经是一家医院。
The building which we are looking at used to be a hospital.7.约翰向母亲说起过把他在国外见过的人和城市。
John once talked to his mom about the people and cities that he had visited abroad.8.他是去过伦敦的一位以观光者之一。
He is one of the tourists who have been to London.9.他是这些观光者当中唯一去过伦敦的。
He is the only one of the visitors that/who has been to London.10.这就是你们上个礼拜参观过的学校吗？Is this the school that you visited last Sunday?11.这所学校就是你们上个礼拜参观过的那所吗？Is this school the one that you visited last Sunday?12.他们曾经居住过的是在这个地方里。
It is in this place that he once lived.13.这是他们曾经住过的地址。
It is the place where he once lived.14.他有两个儿子，每一位都看起来像他。
He has two sons, either of whom looks like him.15.他有连个儿子，并且每一个都看起来像他。
He has two sons, and either of them looks like him.16.这是一本封面是蓝色的书。