浦东新区2016届高三教学质量检测(二模)英语试卷(含答案)
浦东新区2015学年度第二学期教学质量检测高三英语试卷2016.4II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)When I first hiked in the silent Ponderosa pines of the Black Hills, I was surprised at how quiet the world became. Nowadays, when I walk in the woods, I notice other things. I hear songs of unseen birds and catch glimpses of wildflower color, all of (25)______ make great subjects for me to put in front of a camera.Finding those birds is (26)______ I‟ve spent more time in the woods of Eastern South Dakota this year than any other. Last spring I witnessed and photographed the songbird migration for the first time. I saw brightly colored birds that I‟d never seen before. I guess I (27)______ (hook) because this spring I was back in the woods searching for more.I have a goal to photograph all the colorful birds that call South Dakota home. One that has hidden from me to this day is the Scarlet Tanager(猩红比蓝雀). They are best found in Union Grove State Park or Newton Hills and are colored red with black wings. This year, I made three separate trips to find them. I also took time (28)______ (learn) their song and call. This helped me find a female at dusk at Union Grove, but I could not get a decent photo. Later in the week, as I began another search at Newton Hills, a Summer Tanager flew to a tree next to me and gave me a long look. It was a real treat because the Summer Tanager is much (29)______ (rare) to find in South Dakota. Later in the day, I finally saw my first male Scarlet …well, his tail feathers anyway. By the time I (30)_____(spot) him, he was flying deep into the woods. I was disappointed. Then I thought this might be an invitation. “Come back into the woods. Lose (31)_____ among the leaves, listen to the song I sing and maybe one day we will meet.” I look forward to that day.(B)There may be no greater proof to a society‟s creativity and vision than Egypt‟s pyramids of Giza, but the pyramids are only part of ancient Egypt‟s heritage. Many of the devices of their society are still commonplace. Here are two of their amazing inventions.Eye MakeupSure, eye makeup might not rank alongside fire or the wheel (32)______ one of the most important discoveries in human history, but it gives the Egyptians a run for longevity. (33)______ they first invented eye makeup as far back as 4000 B.C., it has never gone out of style. Even more impressive, some cosmetically-minded cultures still create makeup using the same techniques (34)______ (originate) in Egypt thousands of years ago. They combined soot(煤烟) with a mineral to create a black mixture, which is stillpopular today.For the Egyptians, makeup was not limited to women. Status and appearance went hand in hand, and (35)______ ______ ______ the upper class was concerned, the more makeup the better. Fashion was only part of the reason for the Egyptians‟ heavy hand when applying eyeliner. They also believed that it could cure various eye diseases and even prevent them (36)______ (fall) victim to the evil eye.Breath MintsNext time you buy Mentos at the counter of 7-Eleven, you (37)______ thank the ancient Egyptians for creating a way to conceal the unpleasant smell of our mouth. Just as in modern times, bad breath in ancient Egypt was (38)______ symbol of poor dental health. Unlike us, the Egyptians didn‟t have sweet soft drinks and foods that contribute to tooth decay, but the stones (39)______(employ) to make flour for bread brought a lot of sand to their diet, which damaged their teeth.The Egyptians had specialists for many medical problems, but unfortunately, they didn‟t have dentists to fix their bad teeth. Instead, they simply suffered, and scientists (40)______ have examined mummies have found severely worn teeth, even in young Egyptians. To cope with the unpleasant smell from their rotting mouths, they invented the first mints, which were a combination boiled with honey and shaped into pills.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Developing an original and creative idea requires that two completely different networks in the brain work at the same time: the associative network alongside the more “conservative(保守的)” network, according to new research ___41___ at the University of Haifa.The researchers ___42___ that “creative thinking apparently require s …checks and balances‟.” According to the researchers, creativity is our ability to think in new ways to solve problems. But not every original solution is considered a creative one. If the idea is not fully applicable,it is not considered creative, but simply one which is ___43___.The researchers assumed that for a creative idea to be produced, the brain must ___44___ a number of different and perhaps even contradictory(矛盾的) networks. In the first part of the research, respondents were given half a minute to come up with a new, original and unexpected idea for the use of different objects. Answers provided with low frequency received a high score for originality, while those given ___45___ received a low score. In the second part, respondents were asked to give, within half a minute, their best characteristic ___46___ of the objects. During the tests, all subjects were scanned using an FMRI device to examine their brain activity while providing the answer.The researchers found ___47___brain activity in an “associative” region among participants whose originality was high. This region, which includes the medial brain areas, mainly works in the backgroundwhen a person is not concentrating, similar to daydreaming.But the researchers found that this region did not operate alone when an original answer was given. For the answer to be original, an additional region worked in cooperation with the associative region—the administrative control region, a more “conservative” region related to social norms and rules. The researchers also found that the stronger the ___48___, the better these regions work together in parallel, the greater the level of originality of the answer.“On t he one hand, there is surely a need for a region that produces innovative ideas, but on the other hand there is also the need for one that will know to ___49___ how applicable and reasonable these ideas are. The ability of the brain to operate these two regions in parallel is what results in creativity. It is possible that the most ___50___ creations of humanity were produced by people who had an especially strong connection between the two regions,” the researchers concluded.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Like many students, Ryan believes that the time and money spent on his education will pay off: he will eventually be able to get a good job and do well in the field he has chosen. And yet, ___51___ all of the years spent in school preparing to enter the workplace, many recent graduates say that they struggle with the ___52___ from classroom to career world and have difficulty ___53___ life on the job.Writer and editor Joseph Lewis suggests one reason why this is the case. Lewis believes that most of our school experiences—from childhood through university—are fairly ___54___, while life in the working world is far more uncertain. In school, ___55___, the pattern stays more or less the same from year to year. In the workplace, however, constant ___56___ is the norm, and one has to adapt quickly.Another problem that graduates entering the workforce encounter is that they are ___57___ to think analytically. In school, many students including those in college, spend a lot of time memorizing facts and repeating what they “learned” on tests. But in the workplace employees “are often expected to think critically and make ___58___ about their work, not just follow a supervisor‟s instructions.”Less time needs to be spent in school on testing, says one recent report, and more on helping students to analyze and interpret information, solve problems, and communicate their ideas effectively—skills that will prepare them to succeed in today‟s workplace.Finally, many recent graduates say that one of the biggest difficulties they face is adapting to ___59___ on the job. In the workplace, employees must regularly ___60___ with others and are often dependent on their co-workers for their success. In other words, if an employee has to work with others to complete a given project, that employee‟s ___61___ not only depends on his hard work and expertise, but also on how well his colleagues perform. Knowing how to participate effectively in teamwork—and deal with problems when they arise—is extremely important, and yet, it is also something many students don‟t get quite ___62___ to in a school setting.How can we better prepare young adults for the workplace? Recent graduates, looking back on their educational experience, have some ___63___. Many think that all students should be required to do an internship (实习) while they are in school. Volunteering part time at a company, hospital, or government organization, for example, can help one gain experience and learn skills needed to succeed in the real world. ___64___ this kind of practical work experience with classroom instruction, say the graduates, will help prepare students for the ___65___ of the workplace and make the transition from school to career world less stressful.51. A. with regard to B. thanks to C. in spite of D. in view of52. A. action B. shift C. routine D. variety53. A. turning to B. reacting to C. adjusting to D. seeing to54. A. predictable B. considerable C. accessible D. flexible55. A. however B. in addition C. for example D. in return56. A. change B. reminder C. prediction D. difficulty57. A. encouraged B. unprepared C. entitled D. undetermined58. A. predictions B. targets C. decisions D. inquiries59. A. independence B. performance C. competition D. teamwork60. A. argue B. bargain C. identify D. interact61. A. success B. ambition C. completion D. purpose62. A. attached B. exposed C. related D. addicted63. A. patience B. advice C. expectation D. relief64. A. Pairing B. Charging C. Involving D. Rewarding65. A. availability B. possibilities C. invasion D. realitiesSection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Fans of reptiles like snakes will want to pay more attention to a special vehicle that has recently hit the streets: the Super Green Turtle Machine.Just like Batman has his Batmobile, Jesse Rothacker and Forgotten Friend Reptile Sanctuary (FFRS) can now be found touring Lancaster County in the Super Green Turtle Machine, a van with an important mission. Rothacker had co-written a song cal led “Super Green Turtle Machine” with musician Steven Courtney. The song became the inspiration for the van.FFRS is celebrating its 12th year rescuing and advocating for reptiles and creatures of all shapes and sizes. The Super Green Turtle Machine will be rolling out to upcoming Forgotten Friend programs and frequent reptile rescue calls. “We have more than 60 educational events already scheduled for 2016,”Rothacker mentioned. The programs will educate audiences of all ages about reptiles and other amazinganimals that are often given a bad reputation.“The idea behind the Turtle Machine is to take a marginalized animal group like reptiles and give them some positive publicity on social media,”Rothacker explained. When reptile fans see the van parked with its colorful turtle mascot (吉祥物) giving a thumb-up, they are invited to take a photo with the vehicle with their own thumbs up sign. “Lots of people will have an opportunity to tell their friends on Facebook and Twitter that they give reptiles a thumb-up,”Rothacher said. “Then they can post their pictures to social media with the tag Give Reptiles A Chance.” To sweeten the deal, FFRS will choose several winners from those who post photos for special prizes such as T-shirts, books, and other reptile-related items.In addition to the positive publicity, the Super Green Turtle Machine will serve a more practical purpose, as well. Rothacker and his team hope to make a few more changes to the van in the future. “The main work is done, but we‟d love to finish her up,”Rothacker shared. “We have plans to add flashing caution lights for when we stop to help snakes and turtles cross the road.” Further enhancements to the Turtle Machine include adding extra tools to help with reptile rescue pickups and live educational events.As FFRS is a non-profit, donations toward the Super Green Turtle Machine are tax deductible. Interested individuals may contribute at www. .66. What can we learn from the passage about Jesse Rothacker?A. He is good at composing songs.B. He has many batmobiles.C. He cures creatures of all shapes and sizes.D. He works for FFRS.67. What‟s the mission of the Super Green Turtle Machine?A. To roll out to the street for people to take pictures with.B. To publicize reptiles positively and give them practical help.C. To inspire people with the songs the van plays.D. To choose the winners from those posting good photos.68. What does the underlined word “marginalized” in the 4th paragraph most probably mean?A. Often neglected.B. Highly endangered.C. Much valued.D. Widely noticed.69. According to Rothacker, which of the following is NOT among the possible changes to the van?A. Flashing caution lights.B. Colourful turtle mascots.C. Tools for live educational events.D. Reptile rescue pickup tools.70. According to Miss Manners, the proper way to deal with a kid asking for gifts is _______.A. to ignore the kid ‟s request for giftsB. to scold the kid for asking for presentsC. to tell kids gift giving is voluntary and two-wayD. to advise the kid ‟s mum to teach him proper manners71. Which of the following does Miss Manners advise you to do at a party?A. Suggest guests arriving during the event.B. Directly remind guests to leave at a proper time.C. Inform guests of both starting and finishing hours.D. Give guests clear hint when they should leave the party.72. In witch part of a newspaper can you find this passage?A. Advice Section.B. Live Chats Section.C. Entertainment Section.D. Classified Ads Section.(C)In the 1990s, when an area of Brazilian rainforest the size of Belgium was cut down every year, Brazil was the world‟senvironmental villain(反派角色) and the Amazonian jungle the image of everything that was going wrong in green places. Now, the Amazon ought to be the image of what is going right. Government figures show that deforestation fell by 70% in the Brazilian Amazon region during the past decade. If clearances had continued at their rate in 2005, an extra 3.2 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide would have been put into the atm osphere. That is an amount equal to a year‟s emissions from the European Union. Arguably, then, Brazil is now the world leader in addressing climate change.But how did it break the vicious cycle(恶性循环)? The answer, according to a paper is that there was no silver bullet but instead a three-stage process in which bans, better governance in frontier areas and consumer pressure on companies worked.The first stage ran from the mid-1990s to 2004. This was when the government put its efforts into bans and restrictions. The Brazilian Forest Code said that, on every farm in the Amazon, 80% of the land had to be set aside as a forest reserve. As the study observes, this share was so high that the code could not be followed—or enforced. This was the period of the worst deforestation. Soybean prices were high and there was a vast expansion of soybean farming on the south-eastern border of the rainforest.During the second stage, which ran from 2005 to 2009, the government tried to boost its ability to police the Amazon. Brazil‟s president made stopping deforestation a priority, which resulted in better co-operation between different bits of the government. The area in which farming was banned was increased from a sixth to nearly half of the forest.The third stage, which began in 2009, was a test of whether a system of restrictions could survive as soybean expansion continued. The government shifted its focus from farms to counties (each state has scores of these). Farmers in the 36 counties with the worst deforestation rates were banned from getting cheap credit until those rates fell.By any standards, Brazil‟s Amazon policy has been a success, made the more remarkable because it relied on restrictions rather than rewards, which might have been expected to have worked better. Over the period of the study, Brazil also turned itself into a farming superpower, so the country has shown it is possible to get a huge increase in food output without destroying the forest. Moreover, the policies so far have been successful among commercial farmers who care about the law and respond to market pressures. Most remaining deforestation is by small holders who care rather less about these things, so the government faces the problem of persuading them to change their ways, too. Deforestation has been slowed, but not yet stopped.73. Brazil is considered to play a leading role in dealing with climate change because ______.A. it has rainforest as large as BelgiumB. it has cut down too much rainforestC. it has taken action to reduce deforestationD. it sent 3.2 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the air74. The underlined phrase “silver bullet” in Paragraph 2 most probably refers to______.A. a powerful weaponB. an effective solutionC. an intelligent deviceD. a golden opportunity75. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. 80% of the farmland was allowed for farming in the 1st stage.B. Soybean prices went up where farming land was expanded.C. The government hired more policemen in the Amazon area.D. The government enlarged its range of supervision in the 3rd stage.76. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Brazil has successfully eliminated deforestation.B. All the farmers care much about forest protection.C. Small farm holders are a headache for the Brazilian government.D. Both the food output and the forest in Brazil have greatly increased.77. What can be the best title of the passage?A. Cutting Down on Cutting DownB. Brazil, the World Leader in FarmingC. Restrictions Outperforming RewardsD. Former Awareness Working WondersSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Want More Innovation? Get More Diversity(多样性)Research by my colleague and I suggests that university administrators who do not work hard to attract and retain African-American teaching staff may well be missing out on an important benefit: Academic departments that are more diverse may produce more creative ideas and work.A mathematical model has been developed to study the effects of diversity. And we discovered a simple truth: More diverse groups may do better because they are less conformist（墨守成规的）.Picture it: You‟re brainstorming with you r best friend of 30 years. You grew up in the same neighborhood, went to the same school, and stood up for each other at your weddings. When a crazy idea crosses your mind, you immediately see all the reasons why he may dismiss it. On the other hand, you know what ideas he is receptive to — so why not start with those?Now suppose you‟re brainstorming with someone who grew up with a different perspective and who has very different experiences from you. Would you be more willing to share your crazy idea with her? After all, you have no clue what ideas she is open to — so why not try it out?Something like this may be going on in the academic workplace. We often don‟t realize it, but we constantly think about how people around us will react to us. In itself, this is not a bad thing. If we didn‟t put ourselves into other people‟s shoes, we‟d experience even more disagreements andmisunderstandings than we already do.But our research suggests that a little unpredictability may not be a bad thing. In fact, a little more unpredictability may be what we need to make us all a little less conformist and a little more open to trying new things.Extensive data suggest that more diverse teams outperform homogeneous(同质的) teams when it is crucial to be innovative, which agrees with our mathematical model.So if diverse groups outperform more homogeneous ones, why do university administrators not choose to hire more African-Americans? There are many possible reasons, but one is that people have a tendency to hire people like themselves. Interacting with people like ourselves allows us to stay within our comfort zones. It is certainly easier to find common ground with one‟s friend of 30 years than with a stranger. Yet given the increasing emphasis on innovation and creativit y in today‟s economy, it pays for universities to actively pursue a more racially and ethnically diverse teaching staff. So, stop hiring people who look like you.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. Research by the writer and his colleague indicates that the more diverse academic apartments are,___________________________.79. According to the writer, showing ready comprehension of others‟situation will contribute to_____________________.80. As is suggested in the research, what can make us more open to diversity?81. Why is a university administrator more likely to hire people like him?第II 卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.今晚为什么不看本杂志放松一下呢？（relax）2.他在一些无关紧要的事上花费太多时间，导致了整个项目的失败。
5 2016届杨浦区高三英语二模卷
杨浦区2016届高三英语二模2016. 4第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a restaurant. B. At a bank.C. At a gym.D. At a supermarket.2. A. Interviewer and interviewee. B. Headmaster and chemistry teacher.C. Doctor and patient.D. Receptionist and hotel guest.3. A. The man can find his talent by himself.B. It’s impossible to find one’s hidden talent.C. The book won’t be as good as it is introduced.D. It’s ridiculous to judge a person by his talent.4. A. He hasn’t paid the money.B. He arrived late at the airport.C. There was a strike at the airport.D. He felt it a shame to travel alone.5. A. Both of them were late for school two weeks ago.B. The man stayed up studying until the next morning.C. The man broke up with the woman several days ago.D. Their schedule was so tight that they studied in the morning.6. A. The boy’s homework is not as much as he describes.B. The boy should start doing homework rather than complain.C. The boy should have finished some homework at school.D. The boy should complain to his teacher about too much homework.7. A. Jack’s father is a baseball fan.B. It’s winter in New Zealand.C. The match will be held in England.D. The man wishes he could play baseball.8. A. They divorced 20 years ago.B. They often argue about where to live.C. They’re used to the charac ter of the partner.D. They feel regretful for the arguments made during marriage.9. A. 600. B. 1200.C. 1800.D. 2400.10. A. The correct way to wash a sweater.B. The maintenance of a machine.C. The effect of cycling on cold weather.D. The special way to identify woolen products.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A plane to Moscow crashed.B. A lorry came straight at him.C. A train fell into an icy river.D. A car exploded 100 meters below.12. A. He landed in a haystack（干草垛）.B. He jumped out and landed in a tree.C. He wore the safety belt and didn’t fall out.D. He crawled out of the car before it exploded.13. A. He was unwilling to take any risk.B. He was busy preparing for his wedding.C. He was worried about his great fortune.D. He didn’t want others to know he had won a lottery.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Send alarm when there is drug in it.B. Show the weight and location.C. Follow the owner everywhere.D. Avoid obstacles on the way.15. A. By using its cameras to report the location.B. By getting connected with the GPS devices.C. By following its owner everywhere closely.D. By pairing with owner’s cell phone with Bluetooth.16. A. Psychologically disabled people.B. People who are old or weak.C. People returning from a journey.D. People going to the supermarket.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Data suggests the majority of women who smoke (25) ______ (try) to quit if they find out they’re pregnant, but it’s unclear whether they keep it up after they’ve given birth. A new study adds to the evidence, (26) ______ (show) that nearly half of women who kick the habit while pregnant will become smokers once again.The new report, (27) ______ (publish) Tuesday in the journal Addiction, looked at 27 different trials that attempted to help pregnant women quit smoking. The researchers took a closer look at (28) ______ these women stayed non-smokers six months after giving birth. They found that among the women who were offered some sort of smoking cessation intervention（停止干预）, 13% were able to quit sometime during the pregnancy and remain abstinent（节制的）when they delivered. The other 87% of women either tried to quit and were not able to do so, (29) ______ they did not attempt to kick the habit. Of (30) ______ 13% that did quit, the researchers found that 43% started smoking again by six months.“Most pregnant smokers do not achieve abstinence from smoking wh ile they are pregnant, and among thosethat do, most (31) ______ re-start smoking within 6 months of childbirth,” the study authors write. “This would suggest that (32) ______ large amounts of health-care expenditure on smoking cessation, few women and their offspring gain the maximum benefits of cessation.”(B)New statistics have been released today that show gang crimes are on the increase in the UK. They also show that there has been a rise in teenagers (33) ______ (arrest) for crimes such as burglary and shoplifting. Many people feel that, (34) ______nothing is done soon, this problem is likely to get worse.More and more children are turning to gangs because they don’t know anything different. These children are often from broken families (35) ______ _____ there is no father figure. Our idea involves (36) ______ (identify) children between the ages of five and eleven who we feel are at risk. We then assign these children to police officers who act as mentors. The officers meet up with the children once a week to do the normal things that most children of their age do.We know that children as young as seven have been used by gangs (37) ______ (carry) their weapons. One of the biggest problems is peer pressure. A lot of these children feel that, because all their friends are in gangs, they should be too. If we can show these children that there are other options, we hope they (38) ______ (not persuade) to join the gangs. We’ve been experimenting with the scheme for six months in the London area and the results are very (39) ______ (encourage). We will probably take the idea to other cities throughout the UK next year. If we are successful, then we will see (40) _____ (few) young children turning to crime and these neighbourhoods will be made safer for everyone.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.She praised Rousseff's leadership in organizing the whole of Brazilian society in a campaign to destroy the mosquito's __49__ places in urban areas and in cooperating with other countries in the research and development of diagnostic tools and a vaccine."The Zika virus is very __50__. We should expect this to be a long journey," she said. "Based on what I have seen here, I can tell you: the mosquito is difficult, but it cannot beat Brazil," Chan said.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.There are many things parents can do to help children with autism (自闭症) overcome their challenges. Learning all you can about autism and getting __51__ in treatment will go a long way toward helping your child. Additionally, the following tips will make daily home life easier for both you and your autistic child:•Be consistent（一致的）.Children with autism have a hard time __52__ what they’ve learned if ther e is a change of setting. For example, your child may use sign language at school to communicate, but never think to do so at home. Creating __53__ in your child’s environment is the best way to reinforce learning. Find out what your child’s therapists are doing and continue their techniques at home. Explore the __54__ of having therapy take place in more than one place in order to encourage your child to __55__ what he or she has learned from one environment to another. It’s also important to be consistent in the way you __56__ with your child and deal with challenging behaviors.•__57__ a schedule. Children with autism tend to do best when they have a highly-structured schedule or routine. Again, this goes back to the consistency they both need and crave. Set up a schedule for your child, with __58__ times for meals, therapy, school, and bedtime. Try to keep disturbance to this routine to a __59__. If there is an unavoidable schedule change, prepare your child for it __60__.•__61__ good behavior. Positive reinforcement can go a long way with children with autism, so make an effort to “catch them doing something good.” Praise them when they act appropriately or learn a new skill, being very __62__ about what behavior they’re being praised for.•Pay attention t o your child’s sensory sensitivities.Many children with autism are hypersensitive to light, sound, touch, taste, and smell. Other children with autism are “under-sensitive” to sensory stimuli. __63__ what sights, sounds, smells and movements cause your ki d’s “bad” or disruptive behaviors and what brings about a(n) __64__ response. If you understand what affects your child, you’ll be better at solving problems, preventing situations that cause difficulties, and creating __65__ experiences.51. A. encouraged B. balanced C. absorbed D. involved52. A. applying B. devoting C. communicating D. appealing53. A. attraction B. comfort C. steadiness D. attention54. A. possibility B. goal C. process D. solution55. A. transplant B. transfer C. transport D. transform56. A. meet B. interact C. negotiate D. associate57. A. Draw up B. Arrange for C. Work out D. Stick to58. A. regular B. flexible C. appropriate D. normal59. A. decrease B. mystery C. minimum D. secret60. A. without doubt B. in private C. without notice D. in advance61. A. Control B. Perform C. Reward D. Maintain62. A. curious B. specific C. particular D. anxious63. A. Figure out B. Account for C. Put up D. Take on64. A. automatic B. immediate C. positive D. quick65. A. frustrating B. successful C. professional D. unpleasantSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)It’s fight night in Berlin club. The lights go down, the doo r opens and out walks a salesman from San Francisco. David “Double D” Depto has travelled 8,000 kilometres in search of glory. As he first walks, then jogs, towards the boxing ring, the muscular, bare-chested American looks cool and confident. But so does his opponent. Waiting for him in the blue corner is Frank Stoldt, a tall, strong German policeman, who calls himself “Anti-Terror Frank”. For obvious reasons, the crowd is on his side.The bell rings. Round one! The fighters come out. But then, something rather strange happens. The two players sit down at a table which has a chessboard on it and start playing chess – in the middle of the boxing ring.“Why?” you may ask yourself. Well, this is chessboxing, and tonight is the final of the first chessboxing World Championship.The rules of a chessboxing match are simple. There is one round of chess and then one round of boxing. Punching power alternates with brain power. All in all, you have 11 rounds in which to checkmate your opponent – or knock him out.Two sports in one means double the pain, and double the pressure. Before this big fight, Frank spent hours doing exercises that prepared his mind as well as his muscles. Winners in chessboxing are people whose mental strength equals their physical strength.But why do it in the first place? Why put yourself through this physical and mental torture? For David Depto, it’s all about proving that you can be a boxer and still have a brain. The sport has taken off in Germany, where they are preparing the next ge neration of chessboxing champions. It’s even being taught in a Berlin school.Back in the ring, it is round seven and the players are locked in battle around the chessboard, sweat pouring from their foreheads. Suddenly, Frank Stoldt sees an opening and mo ves in to finish the match. Queen to G7… checkmate!The referee stops the match, the crowd erupts–the local hero has won and is given the world title belt, which proves that, when it comes to mixing brains and muscle, Germany really is the Grand Master.66. Why is it “obvious” that the crowd wants Frank Stoldt to win?A. He is a policeman.B. He has powerful muscle.C. He is a host player.D. He fights against terrorism.67. What’s the way in which a match can finish?A. Either checkmate the opponent or knock him out.B. One of the players gives up or is sent to hospital.C. The referee counts down eight to zero in the round of chess.D. The player finds the opening into the court which is locked.68. What’s TRUE about chessboxing?A. Compared with boxing, it means half danger and half stress.B. It requires more mental strength than physical strength.C. The sport is popular in Germany, where it is a school subject.D. The players play chess in the middle of the boxing ring.69. The under lined word “erupt” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.A. leave the stadiumB. burst into cheersC. interrupt the ceremonyD. fight with the opposing fans(B)Hot Air Balloon Sydney For 2, Weekend FlightINCLUDES FULL GOURMET BREAKFASTItem: HO12955TALocation: Windsor SydneyOur Price: $299(per person for groups of 2)•Hot Air Balloon Flight for 2 (there will be others in the balloon basket with you)•NOTHING MORE TO PAY ON THE DAY! YOUR FULL GOURMET BREAKFAST IS INCLUDED IN THE PRICE•Travel with the Tourism Award winners with over 20 years of experience•Float over beautiful Hawkesbury Valley•Colour flight certificateExperience the wonder of a Hot Air Balloon Flight for 2 people. Rising before dawn,you can join the crew in unpacking and preparing the balloon for flight - which is aspectacle in itself! After an exciting launch, you'll drift with the wind silently over theparklands, homes and hills of the Hawkesbury region of Sydney.Hot Air Ballooning begins in the cool, still hours of the early morning, when the air ismore stable. The launch site, determined by the weather on the morning, will be in oraround the beautiful Hawkesbury Valley. The adventure begins by inflating（使…充气）the balloon using a giant portable fan. Once the balloon starts to take shape theburner is lit, heating the air inside. The hot air inside is lighter than the cool airoutside and this is what creates the lift and why it is called a Hot Air Balloon.Passengers are welcome to assist the pilot and crew with inflating the hot air balloonat the launch site, which only takes about 20 minutes.The Hot Air Balloon Flight for 2 is both picturesque and peaceful. You hear verylittle sound from the awakening world below. The silence is only broken with blastsfrom the propane burner heating the air in your balloon to keep you cruising acrossthe skies. Watch as the sun bursts from the horizon and paints the sky pink in aspectacular morning sunrise.To top off the morning you'll celebrate with a full gourmet breakfast. This adventureis for 2 people. There will be other people in the balloon basket with you.Hot Air Balloon flights take place at sunrise. The exact time of your Hot Air Balloon flight experience will vary based upon the time of year and will be sent to you upon booking.70. The price $299 includes ______.A. full gourmet breakfastB. two persons’ Hot Air Balloon FlightC. tips for the Tourism Award winnersD. the accident insurance of the participants71. Why does Hot Air Ballooning begin before dawn?A. Tourists needn’t queue for the flig ht.B. The air at that time is cooler and more stable.C. Tourists can see the spectacular sunrise in the sky.D. Travelers have to start the adventure with their stomach empty.72. Which of the following is the correct order of the Hot Air Balloon Flight?①Inflate the balloon②Heat the air inside③Drift over the Hawkesbury region④The balloon rises into the sky⑤Light the burnerA. ⑤②④①③B. ②⑤①④③C. ①④⑤②③D. ①⑤②④③73. Which of the following statement is TRUE？A. The people in the basket are all tourists.B. The burner is off after the balloon is launched.C. The balloon is launched at the fixed time and place.D. Those who have experienced the flight can get a certificate.(C)It has been called ‘the hotel of mum and dad’ bu t few guesthouses have such favourable terms. As the housing crisis bites, a fifth of young adults are staying in the family home until they are at least 26 and the same proportion are not paying a penny towards their keep. A recent survey found that the proportion of adults living at home varied around the country, from just under 9% in the East Midlands to more than double that in London, where house prices and rents are highest. While many around the country contributed financially, the survey found that 20% were paying nothing at all.Young adults are being squeezed by low wages and rents, which have hit record highs, while those who want to buy a property are finding the monthly cost of renting is preventing them from saving enough to get on the housing ladder. Research published by the homeless charity Shelter showed half of tenants were unable to save a penny towards a deposit, while a quarter could only put by £100 or less each month. Mortgages ( 抵押贷款) are cheaper than ever before thanks to record low interest rates but the best deals are still reserved for borrowers with large deposits.Faced with this, young adults are increasingly returning to the family home in order to save money and parents who cannot afford to offer their offspring a lump sum seem willing to help.A spokesman for the company conducting the survey commented: “The hotel of mum and dad is often staying open for longer than many anticipated, our latest research shows. Rental costs and deposits or the need to save for a mortgage deposit mean that some children understandably have to wait before flying the nest. And, for some, moving out may never be an option.”Sue Green, of Saga, a business that sells insurance to people over 50, said most parents will be more than happy to have them in the family home rent-free because it might help their kids get on the property ladder sooner. “Children who don’t pay rent may contribute in other ways like buying groceries, family takeaways or doing odd jobs around the home.”Angus Hanton, of th e Intergenerational Foundation thinktank, said older generations were “the architects of the housing crisis” and children should not be blamed for staying at home. “The under-30s have suffered a reduction in average incomes of about 20% since the 2008 downturn. Rents and car insurance have never been so high and mortgage lending rules are now stricter for the young but not for older buy-to-let investors, who squeeze out the young,” he said. “Many jobs on offer – zero-hour and short-term contracts – are turning younger workers into second-class citizens. Rather than blaming the young, we should help them so they can afford to build lives of their own.”74. What makes it difficult for the young people to save enough to pay a deposit for a mortgage?A. The record low wage and rent.B. The high interest rates of mortgage.C. The high monthly cost of renting a house.D. The large amount of money they pay for their keep.75. The underlined phrase “flying the nest” in para 4 means ______.A. getting a well-paid and promising jobB. being permitted to buy his own houseC. having time and money to have a holidayD. moving away from parents’ home as an adult76. Which of the following statements is FALSE？A. 25% of the tenants can save more than £100 each month.B. Most parents complain about running “the hotel of mum and dad”.C. The proportions of adults living at home are different around the country.D. Children who pay nothing towards their keep may contribute in other ways.77. Which of the following is NOT Angus Hanton’s opinion?A. The older generations are to blame for the housing crisis.B. Young workers without permanent jobs feel inferior to others.C. The mortgage rules are designed to the advantage of the young.D. Young people’s income declined because of the economic depression.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.When did Christopher Columbus first sail to the Americas? Everyone can answer that question: 1492. When did the industrial revolution begin? Not everyone can answer that – and even those who can might give different answers. When writing your research paper, you must know when to tell your readers where you got your information, and when you can assume they know and accept your information.The information you include in your research paper must be properly documented. That is, you need to identify where you found the information in your paper. By citing （引用）the sources of all ideas, statements, and quotations that you used, you allow your readers to judge the validity（正确性、有效性）of the information. For example, information quoted from a respected historical journal will carry more weight than a statement quoted from a TV dramatization.By citing your sources properly, you acknowledge those people whose ideas you are using. Since they developed the facts, opinions, and analyses that you have borrowed, they deserve a mention in your work.In addition, by citing your sources properly, you avoid plagiarism（剽窃）– the presentation of someone else’s ideas or statements as your own. You should cite your source whether you use the information word for word or you paraphrase it.While you want to credit others for their work, you don’t have to cite the source of common knowledge.Examples of common knowledge include widely accepted facts, such as that the Andes are in South America or that the Magna Carta was signed in 1215. Widely known proverbs, famous quotations, and simple definitions are also common knowledge.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS)78. Why do few writers cite the source of the information that Columbus first sailed to the Americas in 1492?_________________________________________________________________79. Proper citation of information sources makes it possible for readers_________________________________________________________________80. If a writer uses others’ ideas, he should cite his sources to __________________.81. What may happen to the writer if he doesn’t cite the source of information?_________________________________________________________________.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 当你独自在外时，记得让手机保持开机状态。
上海市浦东新区2016届高三上学期期末质量测试英语试卷
浦东新区2015学年度第一学期期末质量测试高三英语考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷。
所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3．答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名。
第Ⅰ卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a restaurant. B. In a pet shop. C. At a clinic. D. On a boat.2. A. The woman. B. The woman‟s mother.C. The man.D. The children.3. A. Teacher and student. B. Doctor and patient.C. Husband and wife.D. Boss and secretary.4. A. She will go to school in the man‟s car. B. She will join him in his exercise class.C. She will give the man a ride.D. She will ride her bicycle to the school.5. A. Make a plan carefully. B. Give her more information.C. Ask more people for advice.D. Buy a gift for his father.6. A. He didn‟t tell the woman the truth. B. He doesn‟t keep his promises.C. He spends his spare time going to parties.D. He is always ready to help others.7. A. The woman feels sorry for the man. B. The man is a member of the staff.C. The woman is asking the man to leave.D. The area is for passengers only.8. A. Relieved. B. Confused. C. Annoyed. D. Sympathetic.9. A. Turn the alarm off. B. Move his alarm farther.C. Catch a later bus.D. Go to bed earlier.10. A. The girl‟s request will be granted. B. The girl is outstanding in the class.C. The girl has completed the course.D. Only the girl took the make-up exam.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Because she wasn‟t being taken seriously. B. Because she deserved respect from others.C. Because she dressed improperly.D. Because she was not capable enough.12. A. Answering questions readily. B. Rewarding others generously.C. Respecting others highly.D. Expressing opinions frankly.13. A. How to speak your mind. B. Where to start your honesty.C. What to do to become popular.D. Whom to talk to when you want to.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Because it can help avoid crop diseases.B. Because it can help improve the quality of crops.C. Because it may contribute to the increase in population.D. Because it may improve farming methods in the future.15. A. Climate change. B. Appearance of new crops.C. Loss of normal growth area.D. Poor management of land.16. A. Expanding fields for larger crop harvests.B. Fertilizing crops to fight against plant diseases.C. Raising people‟s awareness of the need for crop variety.D. Applying modern farming methods in heavily-populated areas.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.（A）A dentis t‟s office may not be everyone‟s idea of a perfect holiday destination. But a growing number of people are traveling abroad for medical treatment, (25) ______ (create) a fast-growing market that is still largely undeveloped by traditional tour operators.The global medical tourism market is worth $40 billion to $60 billion and (26) ______ (grow) at about 20 percent per year, according to Helmut Wachowiak, an expert on tourism management.Some countries such as Germany market themselves as a destination for medical tourism. According to the German National Tourist Board, about 77,000 foreign patients (27) ______ (treat) in the country in 2010, spending 930 million euros.(28) ______ Hospital Operator Helios can do is to help organize visas, hotels and sight-seeing trips for patients coming to Germany for treatment, mostly from Russian-speaking countries and the Middle East. “Many patients specifically choose a city (29) _______ they can enjoy what the place has to offer alongside the treatment,”Helios manager Stefan Boeckle said.Some people travel abroad for medical treatment because it‟s much (30) ______(cheap).A 42-year-old physical therapist from Berlin, for example, chose to go to a dentist in Budapest, (31) ______ (draw) by hundreds of euros in savings compared with the same treatment in Germany.The relatively new trend is not likely to stop growing anytime soon. “I think booking numbers (32) ______ rise quickly in coming years,” said Claudia Staedele, a board member of German medical tourism company Dr. Holiday. “There is still incredible room to grow.”(B)Remember that doll you had as a kid—the one whose eyes open when it is upright and close when it‟s laid down? Or maybe you were the kid that went around popping limbs off Barbies and teddy bears.Either way, it turns out that these broken toys need not worry, (33)______ Sydney‟s Original Doll Hospital exists. And this year, it celebrates 100 years of (34)______ (fix) up dolls, teddy bears, rocking horses, umbrellas and more.The doll hospital was founded by Harold Chapman Sr. (35)______ part of his general store, thanks to a shipping error. His brother was in the business of importing celluloid (合成树脂) dolls from Japan but the rubber bands (36)_____ held them together would often break and the dolls would be destroyed. It was Mr. Chapman Sr. (37)______ came up with a way to repair them. And then from such a small beginning grew quite a successful business as demand for doll repairs increased.The business was taken over in (38)______ 1930s by Harold‟s son, Harold Chapman Jr.(39)______ (expand) the business, Harold Chapman Jr. relocated the Doll Hospital and included repairs to other toys, leather goods, umbrellas, etc.Now the hospital has been passed onto the third generation of the Chapman family, with Harold Jr.‟s son, Geoff, now in charge. (40)_____ many modern children are more interested in the latest gadgets(小玩意) or computer games, the business is still going strong, with dolls sent from all over Australia and even across the sea from New Zealand for repair.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.SEATTLE—For the more than 10 million Americans w ith colorblindness, there‟s never been a treatment, let alone a cure, for the condition that leaves them unable to distinguish certain colors.Now, for the first time, two University of Washington professors have teamed with a California biotech firm to develop what they say may be a ___41___: a single shot in the eye that can reveal the world in full color.Jay and Maureen Neitz, who have studied the vision disorder for years, have found a new way to deliver genes that can replace missing color-producing proteins in certain cells, called cones, in the eyes.The trouble will ___42___ when people are born without one or more of the three types of color-sensing proteins normally present in the cones of the retina（视膜）. The most common type is red-green colorblindness, followed by blue-yellow colorblindness. A very small proportion of the population is ___43___ colorblind, seeing only shades of gray.Colorblindness is often a/an ___44___ disorder. It affects mostly men, who can inherit a mutation(变异) on the X chromosome（染色体）that weakens their perception of red and green. A much smaller part of cases are in women, who have two X chromosomes, which gives them a better chance of avoiding effects of any genetic imperfection.Most people think of colorblindness as a/an ___45___ or disability, mainly causing problems with unmatched shirts and socks. But the Neitzes say the condition can have profound impacts—limiting choices for education or careers, making driving dangerous, and forcing continual ___46___ to a world designed for color vision.“There are an awful lot of people who feel like their life is ___47___ because they don‟t see color,” said Jay Neitz, 61, a professor, who confirmed in 1989 that dogs are colorblind, too.People may not ___48___ as commercial pilots, for instance, if they‟re colorblind. Other careers that can be ___49___ include those of chefs, decorators, electricians and house painters, all of which require detailed color vision.Undoubtedly, the Nei tzes‟ findings have brought great benefits to those who are born unable to distinguish between red and green. But that technique is ___50___, requiring surgery, so the Neitzes are looking for another way to do the job.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Many of us have found ourselves trying to explain to friends and colleagues, “No, business travel isn‟t as fun and fascinating as it seems.” Finally, there could be ___51___ to back this up. Researchers at the University of Surrey, in Britain, and Linnaeus University, in Sweden, have published a new study highlighting what they ca ll “a ___52___ side of hypermobility(常飞行)”.The study, which combines existing research on the ___53___ of frequent travel, finds three types of consequence: physiological, psychological and emotional, and social. The physiological ones are the most obvious. Jet lag is the suffering travellers know best, although they may not ___54___ some of its more terrible potential effects, like speeding ageing or increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke. Then there‟s the danger of deep-vein thrombosis(深静脉血栓), ___55___ to germs and radiation. And finally, of course, business travellers tend to get less exercise and eat less healthily than people who stay in place.The psychological and emotional damage of business travel is more abstract, but just as real. Freque nt flyers experience “travel disorientation” from ___56___ places and time zones so often. They also ___57___ mounting stress, given that “time spent travelling will rarely be balanced through a reduced workload, and that there may be anxieties ___58___ with work continuing to pile up while being away”. ___59___ the absence from family and friends, “hypermobility is frequently a/an ___60___ experience,” the authors write. The accumulated impact can be astonishing and great.Finally, there are the ___61___ effects. Marriages suffer from the time apart, as does children‟s behaviour. What is more, relationships tend to become more ___62___, as the partner who stays at home is forced to take on more ___63___ duties. There‟s a gender inequality here, since most business travellers are men. Friendships also suffer, as business travellers often “sacrifice local collective activities and instead ___64___ their immediate families when returning from trips”.Of course, these impacts are moderated by the fact that they fall disproportionately on a small part of the population that is already doing rather well. The “mobile elite(精英)” tend to have higher incomes and ___65___ to better health care than the population at large.So these may be problems of the 1% (or the 3%, or the 5%). But they‟re real enough regardless. By all means feel jealous of acquaintances' Instagram photos of exotic meals and faraway attractions. But harbour a small amount of concern as well.51. A. travel B. proof C. damage D. consequence52. A. brighter B. wiser C. darker D. lazier53. A. effects B. benefits C. limits D. costs54. A. impose B. foresee C. declare D. memorize55. A. connection B. adaptation C. exposure D. familiarity56. A. changing B. leaving C. taking D. pursuing57. A. handle B. relieve C. suffer D. lay58. A. infected B. associated C. greeted D. packed59. A. Due to B. According to C. Regardless of D. In case of60. A. surprising B. relaxing C. fulfilling D. isolating61. A. cultural B. conscious C. social D. negative62. A. unequal B. invisible C. pleasant D. permanent63. A. personal B. related C. professional D. domestic64. A. prioritize B. mobilize C. seek D. support65. A. devotion B. objection C. response D. accessSection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In a class this past December, after I wrote some directions on the board for students about their final examination, one young woman quickly took a picture of the board using her smart phone. When I looked in her direction, she apologized, “Sorry. Was it wrong to take a picture?”“I can‟t read my own handwriting,”the young woman explained. “It‟s best if I take a picture of your writing so I can understand the notes.”That remark started a class-wide conversation about taking a picture instead of taking notes. For those in the photo-taking camp, motivations extended beyond their inability to comprehend their own handwriting. Some took pictures of notes because they knew their phone was a safe place to store material. They might lose paper, they reasoned, but they wouldn‟t lose their phones.Some took photos because they wanted to record exactly the manner in which I had noted information on the board. Others told me that during class they liked to be able to listen to the discussion attentively.Yet the use of cameras as note takers, though it may be convenient, does raise significant questions for the classroom. Is a picture an effective replacement for the process of note-taking?Instructors encourage students to take notes because the act of doing so is more than merely recording necessary information—it helps prepare the way for understanding. Encouraging students to take notes may be an old-fashioned instructional method, but just because a method has a long history doesn‟t mean it‟s out of date. Writing things down engages a student‟s br ain in listening, visual, and kinesthetic(触觉的) learning—a view supported by a longstanding research. The act of writing down information enables a personto begin committing it to memory, and to process and combine it, establishing the building blocks of learning new concepts.Taking a picture does indeed record the information, but it deletes some of the necessary mental engagement that taking notes employs. So can the two be equally effective?66. The woman apologized in the class because she_________.A. had the bad handwritingB. miss ed the teachers‟ directionsC. took a picture of the boardD. disturbed other students‟ learning67. According to the passage, which of the following may NOT explain students‟ reluctance to take notes?A. They lack proper techniques for taking notes.B. They want to listen more attentively in class.C. They believe smart phones are much safer for storing notes.D. They want to have the exact version of the notes on the board.68. According to the passage, taking notes by hand__________.A. requires students to think independentlyB. helps students actively participate in learningC. proves to be an old and useless learning methodD. seems unsuitable for students to learn new ideas69. What is the main idea of this passage?A. The traditional way of note-taking should be replaced.B. A modern way of note-taking is catching on.C. Note-taking by hand is not out of date.D. A picture is worth a thousand words.(B)Travelling BrochureTravelling Information in Melbourne, AustraliaTour Name: Phillip Island, Penguins, Koalas and KangaroosPrice: Starting from AUD $115 per person●Tour Highlights✧Visit Warrook, a working cattle farm. Enjoy the opportunity to pat and feedkangaroos, wallabies and host of farm animals.✧Watch koalas in their natural habitat at the Koala Conservation Centre.✧View impressive coastal scenery at Nobbies. From the walkway, see Australia‟slargest population of fur seals living along the southern coastline.✧Visit the educational and interesting Phillip Island Visitors Information Centre.✧Viewing Platform Penguin Plus — More personalized wildlife viewing limited to130 people providing closer viewing of the penguin arrival than the main viewingstand.●Additional info✧This tour must be booked at least 24 hours in advance of your travel date.✧Confirmation for this product will be received within 24 hours, subject toavailability.✧Please remember to bring warm, waterproof clothing on this tour. You may alsowish to bring a towel or a rug to sit on at the Penguin Parade viewing platform.●Pricing Policy✧Children aged between 3 and 14 years inclusive qualify for child rate.✧Kids aged 2 years and under travel free of charge, providing they don‟t occupy a●Please download Travel Voucher from this website. For every confirmed booking you will be required to print a voucher which is presented at the destination. You will receive a link to your voucher by email once your booking is confirmed.70. The visitors will go to all the following places EXCEPT ______.A. Warrook Cattle farm.B. Australian Eastern coastline.C. Koala Conservation Centre.D.Phillip Island Visitors Information Centre.71. Which of the following groups needs to pay $58 per person?A. Adult tourists.B. 2-year-old kids.C. Kids between 3 and 14.D. Babies in arms.72. Tourists are reminded to bring a towel or a rug because _____.A. they will lie on the coastB. they may want to sit on the platformC. it makes them warmD. they will swim during the tour(C)The family does not feature heavily in the culture of the Ik of Northern Uganda. In fact, as far as the Ik are concerned, the family means very little. This is because the Ik face a daily struggle to survive in the face of drought, famine and starvation. Anyone who cannot take care of himself or herself is regarded as a useless burden by the Ik and a threat to the survival of the others. So the old are abandoned to die. Sick and disabled children too are abandoned. The Ik attitude is that, as long as you keep the breeding group alive, you can always get more children.Ik mothers throw their children out of the village compound when they are 3 years old, to defend for themselves. I imagine children must be rather relieved to be thrown out, for in the process of being cared for, he or she is reluctantly carried about in a hide sling(背婴儿带) wherever the mother goes. Whenever the mother is in her field, she loosens the sling and lets the baby to the ground none too slowly, and laughs if it is hurt. Then she goes about her business, leaving the child there, almost hoping that some fierce animals will come along and carry it off. This sometimes happens. Such behaviour does not endear children to theirparents or parents to their children.Many of you probably reacted to the Ik with some horror and shock. It is very tempting to conclude that these people are primitive, savage and inhuman, and that their concept of the …family‟ is deeply wrong. However, sociologists argue that it is wrong to simply judge such societies and their family arrangements as unnatural and untypical. We need to understand that such arrangements may have positive functions. In the case of the Ik, with the exceptional circumstances they find themselves in—drought and famine—their family arrangements help ensure the survival of the tribe.Moreover, some of you may have concluded that British family life and the Ik have some things in common. British family is not universally experienced as positive for all family members. For some members of our own society—for young and old alike—family life may be characterized by violence, abuse and isolation.The problem with studying the family is that we all think we are experts. This is not surprising, considering that most of us are born in families and socialized into family roles and responsibilities. It is an institution most of us feel very comfortable with and regard as …natural‟. For many of us, it is a cornerstone of our social world, a place to which we can retreat and take refuge from the stresses of the outside world. It is the place in which we are loved for who we are, rather than what we are. Family living and family events are probably the most important aspects of our lives. It is no wonder that we tend to hold very fierce, emotional, and perhaps irrational, views about family life and how it ought to be organized. Such …taken for granted‟views make it very difficult for us to objectively examine family arrangements that differ from our own experience—such as those of the Ik—without making critical judgements.73. Which of the following ideas do the Ik hold according to the passage?A. The family is the centre of their life.B. The old are the luxuries they should treasure.C. Their children should be abandoned when born.D. The survival of the tribe is what they should strive for.74. Which of the following will the author probably agree with in the case of Ik?A. The children are a great burden to their family.B. Mothers prefer to carry their children here and there.C. The children enjoy warm relationship with their parents.D. Many children should be left at the mercy of fierce animals in the field.75. According to the author, both British family life and that of the Ik ______.A. contain negative elementsB. ensure longevityC. experience ups and downsD. endear family members76. All of the following statements support “family is the cornerstone” EXCEPT that ______.A. we turn to family as our harbour in heartB. we find we love and are loved in the familyC. we believe family is the top priority in our lifeD. we pour our bad mood upon our family members77. The author writes this passage to tell us ______.A. family life has various positive functionsB. the idea of family is universally acceptedC. the family is evolving with the time at a high speedD. we should examine the concept of family objectivelySection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.The carmaker is in the pioneer of a materials revolution, whichis powered by a growing understanding of the properties ofsubstances at the smallest scale. In roughly five years from now,scientists will have set out what some cal l the “materialsgenome”—a database with the properties of all known and predictedcompounds. Instead of searching for materials that have the rightqualities for a job—a quest(探索) that has usually depended mostlyon trial and error—researchers will first define what they want, and their computers will then develop a list of materials that seem to fit the bill.The new science will improve today‟s materials, too, leading to stron ger steels, new kinds of alloy and hybrid materials(合金和混合材料) that may be part metal, part plastic. On the far horizon are bigger breakthroughs still: batteries that would double the range of electric cars or store solar and wind power, transforming the economics of renewable energy.As well as revolutionising products, these new materials could also revolutionise how they are made. There will always be room for the mass production of some low-value, commodity items. But as a rule, when materials are different, manufacturing processes will be different, too. BMW‟s carbon fibre is made to its own specifications in a series of new joint ventures across the world. However, some of the products could be domestically made in their new factories. Airbus, Boeing, GE and a growing number of other firms are already 3D-printing some parts where they need them. Nike‟s Flyknit trainers are made with knitting machines that use a special micro-engineered thread. As a result, the firm no longer needs to send the job like sewing to factories overseas.The world has got used to the idea that the most important innovation is virtual. The technology representatives of Silicon Valley—such as Google and Facebook—have built their businesses on intangibles(无形的), such as software, data and new business models. By contrast, the world of new materials marries the virtual and the physical. It, too, depends on code, because researchers need powerful computer-design systems to model materials and make them into new designs. But eventually the aim is to turn virtual ideas into matter. Some advances are overlooked. These ones are material.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN NINE WORDS.)78. What is the driving force of the materials revolution according to the first paragraph?79. New materials will revolutionise not only products but also ____________________.80. Instead of contracting overseas, Nike is able to ____________________ with its specialknitting machines and materials available.81. In contrast to Internet companies which build business on intangibles, new materialscompanies aim at _____________________________.第II 卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 你养成每天听英语新闻的习惯了吗？(develop)2. 我认为在做出最终决定前，我们有必要和父母讨论一下这个问题。
2016-年上海高考英语二模完形填空汇编+各区二模答案汇总
2016 年上海高考英语二模完形填空汇编Researchers recently find w omen likely face work environments that push against the “having it all” mentality, leading to feelings of guilt and depression.Trying to have it all could be bad for your mental health, according to a new study that finds that “supermoms” have higher rates of depression compared with working moms who let things 51 .The research, presented Aug. 20 at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association in Las Vegas, finds that working is 52 for mothers’ mental health. But among working mothers, the least depressed are those who don’t expect to 53 work and family life perfectly, said study researcher Katrina Leupp, a graduate student at the University of Washington in Seattle. “The ideal that women can do it all actually 54 the level of depressive symptoms compared to women who were more doubtful about whether or not work and family can be balanced,” Leupp told LiveScience.Leupp analyzed survey 55 from 1,600 married women who participated in a large survey called the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. In 1987, the women answered questions to judge their support of women’s 56 , including whether they agreed with statements such as “Women are much happier if they stay at home and take care of their children.” In 1992 and 1994, the now 40-year-old women answered questions about their symptoms of depression. Like earlier studies, the survey data indicated that women who worked outside the home had fewer symptoms of depression, perhaps because outside work gives women more 57 interaction, more varied activities and a larger income, Leupp said. Among the employed women, though, the cheeriest were those who had indicated in their younger years the least 58 for women balancing career and family. The results held even after controlling for earlier levels of depression. “Somewhat 59 , women who don’t expect to be able to balance work and family have better mental health than those who do,” Leupp said.The study didn’t explain why optimistic (乐观的) views of balancing work and motherhood would60 later depression. “The reason may come down to 61 and real-world work environments,” Leupp said. “Women who expect to have it all probably come up against 62 that aren’t designed with work-life balance in mind. When they can’t balance everything perfectly, these supermoms are more likely to feel 63 .”“I think this research really speaks to a 64 between women’s expectations and the actual structure of the workplace,” Leupp said.“The takeaway for working moms is to temper their optimism about balancing 65 and employment and not to blame themselves if they struggle. Recognize that if it feels difficult, it’s because it is difficult.”51. A. happen B. continue C. slide D. end52. A. good B. ready C. hard D. possible53. A. protect B. share C. illustrate D. combine54. A. increased B. assessed C. reached D. influenced55. A. questions B. responses C. solutions D. instruments56. A. pregnancy B. marriage C. employment D. education57. A. cultural B. social C. positive D. verbal58. A. support B. tolerance C. concern D. respect59. A. deliberately B. aggressively C. ironically D. similarly60. A. result from B. relate to C. hold back D. call for61. A. families B. expectations C. surroundings D. requirements62. A. clubs B. hospitals C. governments D. workplaces63. A. excited B. embarrassed C. thrilled D. frustrated64. A. mismatch B. mistreat C. misunderstanding D. misinterpretation65. A. aging B. training C. schooling D. parentingTwo Newcastle scientists are setting themselves to open our eyes to the medical truth by claiming that natural sunlight may help prevent skin cancer.Dr. Ron Laura, professor of health education at Newcastle University, and senior chemist Mr. John Ashton said their research points to a complete __51______ of the accepted scientific theory. They said that sunscreen creams may help cause skin cancer, the artificial indoor light could be __52_____ and that a range of drugs in common use could also ___53____ melanoma--a type of cancer that appears as a dark spot on the skin.The research is likely to be unwelcome in some traditional medical research circles. It is based on a new __54_____ that our bodies are protected from skin cancer by the regulation of a group of complex vitamins (Vitamin D) and immune process.The sunscreens, artificial light and drugs could all unfavorably affect the production of these vitamins and increase the skin’s __55_____ to the sun. But Dr. Laura said natural sunlight passing through the eyes helped __56_____ the production of cancer protection Vitamin D.He said recent statistics from the United States indicated that people who worked indoors all day in artificial light were more __57_____ melanomas than those who worked outdoors. Indoor workers should try to have at least one hour of __58_____ to direct sunlight every day, ___59_____ in the early morning and late afternoon when ultraviolet intensively was lower, Dr. Laura said.Sunscreens, long __60_____ as essential for beach lovers, could also __61______ the production of Vitamin D. Laura and Ashton said sunscreens give people a __62_____ sense of security in thinking they are __63______ from the sun’s rays.Dr. Laura said more statistics ___64_____ their claim had come to light since the first article was published. He believes his research findings are too important to be __65______ to the scientific world.51. A. contribution B. reversal C. combination D. recognition52. A. beneficial B. comfortable C. harmful D. favorable53. A. promote B. reduce C. remove D. eliminate54. A. assumption B. law C. concept D. theory55. A. sensitivity B. resistance C. adaptation D. response56. A. monitor B. measure C. slow D. stimulate57. A. subject to B. unrelated to C. free of D. dependent on58. A. exercise B. reveal C. exposure D. experience59. A. occasionally B. preferably C. enjoyably D. extremely60. A. received B. popular C. accepted D. identified61. A .balance B. adjust C. prevent D. enhance62. A. false B. strong C. true D. sharp63. A. separated B. protected C. guarded D. prohibited64. A. presenting B. doubting C. backing D. providing65. A. limited B. emphasized C. acknowledged D. explainedHarvard LibraryIf we compare professors and students to the host of a university, then the library of a university can be compared to the hallway. The quality of a university, __51__, is in direct proportion to that of its library. At Harvard, the library is an essential part of everybody’s life. Both the quantity and the __52__ of the library make study a pleasant process.Harvard Library is not only the most ancient library in the United States, but the largest university library with the largest scale. In 1638 John Harvard __53__ his whole library to the then Harvard College. After 300 years of development, the library now holds 10 million books and __54__ more than 100 branch libraries. In addition to the libraries owned by each school, there are some branch libraries that are __55__ in some aspects. While most of the branch libraries are on Harvard campus, some are as far as in Washington, D.C., or even in Florence of Italy. Yenching Library is famous for its __56__ of East Asian literature. Lamont Library is thefirst library in the world that is __57__ for undergraduates. Widener Library is the largest library in Harvard, only second to Library of Congress.What __58__ to be mentioned is the system or rather the service of the libraries. Usually the libraries are open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.. The main libraries are open until 10 p.m.. The libraries for undergraduates will even be open all night during the __59__ period. The libraries also provide with students the service of __60__ reading materials for all courses. At the beginning of a semester, each teacher will give a list of books to the librarians. The librarians are __61__ to find out these books and put them at the places where students can easily find them.There is no limitation for the number of books that students can borrow. As the space for the library is limited, many books are __62__ in suburban library. Despite this, students can go to fetch the book at the __63__ library within 24 hours after they submit request for that book. Even if there is only one book to be fetched from the suburban library, the libraries on campus will send someone to do the job. This kind of __64__ which put readers in the first place is rare even in Ivy League. Therefore, study at Harvard will be a(n) __65__ experience.51.A.as a result B. to some extent C. on the contrary D. at all timesB. disciplineC. qualityD. prospect53.A. donated B. assigned C. adapted D. distributedB. composesC. involvesD. includesB. differentC. secureD. peculiar56.A.collections B. documents C. phenomena D. exhibitionsB. formallyC. speciallyD. especiallyB. happensC. appearsD. deserves59.A.examination B. experiment C. vacation D. graduation60.A.confirming B. preparing C. selecting D. designingB. willingC. reluctantD. responsibleB. reservedC. storedD. classified63.A.appointed B. accepted C. expected D. restrictedB. serviceC. activityD. responseB. creativeC. positiveD. enjoyableEducation plays an extremely important role in our life and deeply impacts the society. However, how does society influence education?Before understanding the influence of society on education, we must __51__ society. Society is an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization. It is characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals. It is a group of individuals who __52__ a common system of customs, values and laws. From the definition of society, it is clear that we human beings are its building __53__. As we interact with people, try to understand their thinking styles and __54__ patterns, we soon realize that there is so much to learn from them. Society is the greatest __55__ of education. Don’t you think so?We cannot __56__ the impact of society on the education system alone. We need to understand the role of society in the __57__ development of an individual. Even before we become a part of the education system, we start learning from our surroundings. And during the process of formal education, we __58__ take ‘non-formal education’ from society. Yes, our interactions with our fellow-beings, our observations about their social behavior and our understanding of social norms __59__ us to face life. True, educational __60__, like schools, colleges and universities play a very important role in our education. But, we cannot ignore the fact that we learn some of the important lessons of life from society. It would not be an exaggeration to say that the __61__process of learning begins at a point, which marks the end of institutional education. Learning, as an individual, from your interaction with society, is a vital part of education.Society plays an important role in education and influences it, both positively and negatively. Social inequalities and unhealthy educational practices are some of the __62__ influences of society on our lives. Customs and traditions __63__ certain sections of society from exercising their fundamental rights and block the well-being of society, shatter the basic ideas of education and social awareness. Some social groups deny women’s right to education, while others force children to work, depriving(剥夺) them from a healthy environment, conducive to their growth and development. Education is one of the basic human rights. If social norms deprive certain strata(阶层) of society from progressing in life and come in the way of social welfare, it __64__ the purpose of education.Society is an entity that cannot be separated from us. It is we who __65__ the society. It is entirely in our hands whether to add value to our education or devalue it.51. A. know B. define C. recognize D. analyze52. A. share B. invent C. operate D. practice53. A. extents B. blocks C. designs D. expenses54. A. cultural B. traditional C. educational D. behavioral55. A. performer B. supervisor C. facilitator D. opponent56. A. resist B. resolve C. reserve D. restrict57. A. steady B. future C. lasting D. overall58. A. successfully B. desperately C. constantly D. surprisingly59. A. encourage B. impact C. prepare D. impose60. A. circumstances B. contributions C. environments D. organizations61. A. actual B. external C. universal D. available62. A. realistic B. opposing C. practical D. invisible63. A. confirm B. cultivate C. maintain D. prevent64. A. fulfills B. highlights C. defeats D. describes65. A. depend on B. make up C. strive for D. deal withSince Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默病)and Parkinson’s disease(帕金森病) are common and many notable people have developed them, they have received more public attention.Alzheimer’s DiseaseMany people imagine that Alzheimer’s disease, the degenerative (退化的)disorder that eventually leaves sufferers with total memory loss, is an inevitable result of aging. This is not so. While the risks of contracting the disease increase with age, there are many elderly people whose memories are perfect. Most of us are so ill-__51__ about all forms of memory loss that we label everything as “Alzheimer’s ”. Alzheimer’s disease itself can affect people as young as 30 and can progress either quickly or slowly. It can also __52__ the blame for other non-degenerative conditions such as deep depression. __53__, only an examination of the brain tissue during an autopsy (解剖) can produce an accurate __54__ of the disease.The causes of Alzheimer’s are unknown. They may be either __55__ or environmental. A study in 1996 of 13,000 people whose parents or siblings had the disease showed they had five times __56__ chance of passing away by the age of 80 than those with no family history of the problem.__57__, there are other factors. In a study of identical twins, it was found that only about half of the twin pairs developed Alzheimer’s and, when both twins __58__ it, they did so as much as 15 years apart. The possibility that environment plays a part was boosted by another 1996 study, this time of two groups of elderly Japanese men. One group lived in Hawaii, the other group in Japan. The Hawaiian group had a much higher incidence of the disease.Aluminum (铝) has been blamed for the development of Alzheimer’s. This is because a high level aluminum has been found in the brains of sufferers. The disease was first diagnosed at the beginning of the 20th century. It was at this time that aluminum was becoming widely __59__ for use in cooking pots.Memory loss, __60__ in performing familiar tasks, and problems with abstract thinking are all indicators of the beginning of the disease. One unusual feature is its impact on language. It attacks nouns first, then verbs. Grammar is one of the last things to go.Parkinson’s DiseaseParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive disorder of the central nervous system w hich __61__ more than one million Americans. Individuals with PD lack the substance dopamine (多巴胺), which is __62__ for the central nervous system’s control of muscle activity. Parkinson’s Disease is often characterized by shake, inflexibility in limbs and joints, speech disability and difficulty in __63__ physical movement. Late in the course of the disease, some patients develop dementia (痴呆症) and eventually Alzheimer’s disease. __64__, some Alzheimer patients develop symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Medi cations such as levodopa (左多巴), which changes itself into dopamine once inside the brain, which prevents degeneration of dopamine-containing neurons (神经细胞), are used to improve diminished or __65__ motor symptoms in PD patients, but do not correct the mental changes that occur.51. A. judged B. equipped C. informed D. advised52. A. take B. put C. lay D. hold53. A. On the other hand B. For example C. After all D. In the end54. A. description B. demonstration C. diagnosis D. illustration55. A. natural B. instinctual C. genetic D. internal56. A. slighter B. fainter C. less D. more57. A. Therefore B. However C. Instead D. Finally58. A. came up with B. did away with C. went down with D. put up with59. A. available B. valuable C. memorable D. inaccessible60. A. complaint B. difficulty C. ease D. complexity61. A. touch B. influence C. concern D. affect62. A. important B. unimportant C. priceless D. worthless63. A. stopping B. changing C. initiating D. controlling64. A. Additionally B. Contrarily C. Consequently D. Particularly65. A. treated B. showed C. released D. reducedAccording to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns award 51 on one or both of the parents. In other 52 , such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of53 . In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent 54 that the re is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have 55 ; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has 56 that meet the needs of that particular group.Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, r esearch suggests that there are typically two different leadership 57 that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the 58 of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership t hat emphasizes the 59 wellb eing of a social group’s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing 60 support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may 61 group members who prevent accomplishment of the group’s goals. Express ive leaders cultivate a more 62 or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer 63 when someone experiences difficulties. And they try to 64 issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal 65 from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.51. A. burden B. leadership C. housework D. right52. A. families B. societies C. cases D. researches53. A. selection B. struggle C. recommendation D. register54. A. evidence B. support C. approach D. pattern55. A. in advance B. in brief C. in general D. in common56. A. partners B. achievements C. skills D. qualities57. A. selections B. roles C. challenges D. structures58. A. assignment B. introduction C. completion D. division59. A. joint B. financial C. social D. individual60. A. political B. administrative C. emotional D. technical61. A. discipline B. praise C. ignore D. identify62. A. casual B. temporary C. personal D. stable63. A. criticism B. sympathy C. estimate D. information64. A. omit B. confuse C. raise D. resolve65. A. imitation B. affection C. objection D. revengeThe survey about childhood in the Third World shows that the struggle for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can suffer from a different kind of poverty — of the spirit. 51 , one Western country alone now sees 14, 000 attempted suicides ( 自杀) every year by children under 15, and one child 52 five needs psychiatric (心理) advice.There are many good things about 53 in the Third World. Take the close and constant relation between children and their parents, relatives and neighbours for example. In the West, the very nature of work puts distance between 54 and children. But in most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each day to work in offices. 55 , the child sees mother and father, relations and neighbours working 56 and often shares in that work.A child 57 in this way learns his or her role through joining in the community's work : helping to dig or build, look after animals or babies --- rather than through playing with water and sand in kindergarten, keeping pets 58 playing with dolls.These children may grow up with a less oppressive sense of space and time than the westernchildren. Their sense of days and time has a lot to do with the change of seasons and positions ofthe sun or the moon in the sky. Children in the rich world, 59 , are provided with a watch as one of the 60 signs of growing up, so that they can 61 along with their parents about being late for school times, meal times, bed times, the times of TV shows.Third World children do not usually 62 to stay indoors, still less in highrise apartments(公寓) . Instead of dangerous roads, "keep off the grass" signs and "don't speak to strangers", there is often a sense of 63 to study and play. Parents can see their children outside rather than observe them 64 from ten floors up.65 , twelve million children under five still die every year through hunger and disease. But childhood in the Third World is not all bad.51. A. As usual B. For instance C. In fact D. In other words52. A. by B. in C. to D. under53. A. childhood B. poverty C. spirit D. survival54. A. adults B. fathers C. neighbours D. relatives55. A. Anyhow B. However C. Instead D. Still56. A. away B. alone C. along D. nearby57. A. growing up B. living through C. playing D. working58. A. and B. but C. or D. so59. A. at any moment B. at the same time C. on the other hand D. on the whole60. A. easiest B. earliest C. happiest D. quickest61. A. care B. fear C. hurry D. worry62. A. dare B. expect C. have D. require63. A. control B. danger C. disappointment D. freedom64. A. anxiously B. eagerly C. impatiently D. proudly65. A. Above all B. In the end C. Of course D. What'sFeeling good about our actions — not guilt or pity— motivates giving, according to the latest research.51 seeing or hearing about suffering children makes most people uncomfortable, that grief is not what drives them to dig into their pockets and donate. The reasons people decide to be selfless, it turns out,may be slightly more 52 .In the study, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, researchers found that people are more likely to give when they think it will make them feel better. They donate, 53 , when they feel hope about putting smiles on those expectant and suffering faces. And that hope, or similar feel-good sensations, are driven by the brain’s reward systems.Researchers — and charities — have long known that putting a(n) 54 face on an abstract problem opens hearts and wallets. Josef Stalin once said that while one death is a(n) 55 , a million is merely a number. Studies have since found that quantifying the size of a disaster or particular need actually 56 giving, while presenting a single story is more likely to cause a desire to help.But it wasn’t clear whether this “identifiable victim” effect resulted from people’s 57 over their own privilege and resources — or from a sense of connection with the 58 and an urge to feel good about making a difference.To find out, researchers led by Alexander Genevsky, a graduate student in psychology at Stanford, imaged the brains of 22 young adults. In the scanner, they saw either a silhouette (剪影) or a head shot of a young African child. As in previous studies, participants were far more likely to give if they saw a face than a blank silhouette—donating almost twice as much in photo trials than in the others. However, this decision was related strongly to their 59 . If they showed little activity in their nucleus accumbens—a brain region linked to every type of pleasurable experience— they were actually less likely to give. But if there is a sharp 60 of activity in this reward area, they felt good and gave more. And the photos of the children were more likely to 61 this reward center. Activity in the accumbens, in fact, completely 62 the difference in giving seen between the silhouette-based requests and the photo-based ones.While the findings point to the feel-good 63 behind giving, other research will have to address the question of why givers get that positive emotional boost. Do people feel rewarded when they give because they think about the happiness of the recipient — or do they feel good because they see themselves as 64 and that self-esteem boost (自信心增强) is mood-enhancing? Such information could help charities 65 their messages to maximize their effectiveness.51. A. Since B. Although C. If D. As52. A. passive B. earnest C. impersonal D. selfish53. A. for example B. on the contrary C. as a result D. on the other hand54. A. plain B. ugly C. specific D. frightened55. A. accident B. threat C. solution D. tragedy56. A. ruins B. stimulates C. lowers D. skips57. A. anger B. guilt C. regret D. joy58. A. desire B. mind C. victim D. stuff59. A. actions B. beliefs C. images D. emotions60. A. edge B. rise C. turn D. division61. A. monitor B. target C. activate D. interrupt62. A. resulted from B. counted on C. accounted for D. subjected to63. A. motivations B. compliment s C. ambitions D. requests64. A. executive B. justified C. innocent D. generous65. A. conceal B. tailor C. obtain D. deleteThere are many things parents can do to help children with autism (自闭症) overcome their challenges. Learning all you can about autism and getting __51__ in treatment will go a long way toward helping your child. Additionally, the following tips will make daily home life easier for both you and your autistic child:•Be consistent（一致的）.Children with autism have a hard time __52__ what they’ve learned if there is a change of setting. For example, your child may use sign language at school to communicate, but never think to do so at home. Creating __53__ in your child’s environment is the best way to reinforce learning. Find out what your child’s therapists are doing and continue their techniques at home. Explore the __54__ of having therapy take place in morethan one place in order to encourage your child to __55__ what he or she has learned from one environment to another. It’s also important to be consistent in the way you __56__ with your child and deal with challenging behaviors.•__57__ a schedule. Children with autism tend to do best when they have a highly-structured schedule or routine. Again, this goes back to the consistency they both need and crave. Set up a schedule for your child, with __58__ times for meals, therapy, school, and bedtime. Try to keep disturbance to this routine to a __59__. If there is an unavoidable schedule change, prepare your child for it __60__.•__61__ good behavior. Positive reinforcement can go a long way with children with autism, so make an effort to “catch them doing something good.” Praise them when they act appropria tely or learn a new skill, being very __62__ about what behavior they’re being praised for.•Pay attention to your child’s sensory sensitivities. Many children with autism are hypersensitive to light, sound, touch, taste, and smell. Other children with autism are “under-sensitive” to sensory stimuli. __63__ what sights, sounds, smells and movements cause your kid’s “bad” or disruptive behaviors and what brings about a(n) __64__ response.If you understand what affects your child, you’ll be better at solving problems, preventing situations that cause difficulties, and creating __65__ experiences.51. A. encouraged B. balanced C. absorbed D. involved52. A. applying B. devoting C. communicating D. appealing53. A. attraction B. comfort C. steadiness D. attention54. A. possibility B. goal C. process D. solution55. A. transplant B. transfer C. transport D. transform56. A. meet B. interact C. negotiate D. associate57. A. Draw up B. Arrange for C. Work out D. Stick to58. A. regular B. flexible C. appropriate D. normal59. A. decrease B. mystery C. minimum D. secret60. A. without doubt B. in private C. without notice D. in advance61. A. Control B. Perform C. Reward D. Maintain62. A. curious B. specific C. particular D. anxious63. A. Figure out B. Account for C. Put up D. Take on64. A. automatic B. immediate C. positive D. quick65. A. frustrating B. successful C. professional D. unpleasantA driving goal for most websites is for that site to be easily found by people looking for the products or services. One of the ways people may find these sites is via a search engine. With this in mind, companies obviously want their websites to ___51___ search engines as well.First of all, website content should be unique and timely. Only quality content ensures that customers will ___52___ your website and also recommend it to friends via links or through social channels. This act of sharing not only gives your site more chances of public ___53___ but it also helps to push up your search engine rankings, which extends huge psychological implication to other engine users as people tend to ___54___Now famous search engines such as Google use mobile friendliness as a ranking signal in their ranking algorithm(算法). Therefore, if your site is not ___55___for mobile devices, you are offering a less than ideal experience to some users and in result search engines will take the ___56___ into account.Another key ranking signal that Google and other search engines ___57___heavily is page speed and overall site performance. If your site is loaded with too many high-resolution images and videos or other elements, muchviewing time will be caused. These will makesluggish, slow loading that frustrate and often drive away visitors. It’s time to ___58___ thepage size as all the visitors appreciatefaster download. Some are。
浦东新区2016学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测高三英语听力文字部分和答案
浦东新区2016学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测高三英语听力文字部分I. Listening Comprehension (25%)Section A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. W: Ca n’t you knock on the door before you enter my office next time?M: Sorry! It’s just that I’m in such a hurry.Q: How does the woman feel?(B)2. W: I heard Marilyn’s going to college. What’s she studying?M: She’s taking courses in mathematics, econo mics and accounting.Q: What does Marilyn probably want to be?(A)3. M: May I book 3 air tickets for Hong Kong?W: For sure. 1200 yuan for one adult and 800 yuan for a child under 10.Q: How much should the man pay if he books tickets for two adults and one child? (B)4. W: I’m afraid I’m a little bit sea sick. I feel dizzy.M: Close your eyes and relax. You’ll be all right as soon as we come at shore.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?(C)5. M: Have you read the author’s latest best-seller?W: I’ve just finished it. I really recommend it.Q: What are the man and woman discussing?(C)6. W: I often mistake Tim for Bob. Can you tell them apart?M: No, they look so much alike that they even confused their mother sometimes when they were young.Q: What is the most probable relationship between Tim and Bob? ( A)7. M: Today is a bad day for me. I fell off the front steps and twisted my ankle.W: Oh, too bad. But don’t worry. Usually ankle injuries heal quickly if you stop regular activities for a few days.Q: What’s the woman’s suggestion for the man?(A)8. M: I can’t decide what to do for my summer vacation. I either want to go on a bike to ur of Europe or go diving in Mexico.W: Well, we’re offering an all-inclusive two-week trip to Mexico for only 300 dollars.Q：What does the woman suggest the man do for his vacation? (D)9. W: How long do you think this project might take?M: I’d say about three months, but it could take longer if something unexpected happened. Maybe we’d better allow an extra month, so we won’t have to worry about being late.Q: Why does the man say extra time should be allowed for the project?(A)10. W: What a wonderful performance! Your rock band has never sounded better.M: Many thanks. I guess all those hours of practice in the past month are finally paying off.Q：What does the man mean?(C)Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.In Asia, adults in Singapore are the best non-native English speakers.Singapore was considered to have a “Very High Proficiency” level for the first time. Tran says this improvement is because Singapore has a very strong education system.“Well, Singapore’s education system is often seen as one of the best in the worl d. If you look at other English tests like IELTS and TOEFL, Singapore is always at the top－not just in Asia, but throughout the world. It just has a very, very strong education system that focuses on quality of instruction and has extremely high standards for their students.”However, the report says Thailand and Cambodia still have low levels of English proficiency, although they have a growing tourism industry.China also increased its rank by moving from 47th to 39th place. However, it is behind many other countries in Asia. Tran says this might be the result of its large population.Tran suggests three things for countries trying to improve their English level.First is to make quality English teaching available to all citizens. Next, a country should invest in teacher training, and then invest in its English-speaking environment.“I think the number one priority would be to make sure that everybody has access to quality English instruction, and to do that, I think, is to promote teacher training, right? And make sure that you have a teacher supply that is ready to deliver the quality instruction that you need in your entire school system.“Then it’s about creating that English environment in your country. It’s having bilingual signs, having programs in English, and creating excuses for your students to speak in English, right?”The report shows that it is not easy to improve English-speaking ability country-wide, and it also is costly. But, it is clear that the economic and social benefits make it worth the investment.11. What contributes to Singapore’s success in various English tests?(A)12. Which of the following is not Tran’s suggestion of improving English level? (D)13. Why is it worthwhile to improve English ability?(B)Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.Good morning. Today we’re going to talk about the issues faced by children who have to take on adult responsibilities before they are 18.First, let me tell you a story of a kid in this situation. Let’s call him Bill. Bill’s father died before he was born, and for a few years his mother was a single parent. Then his mom remarried and had another child. Bill worked hard in school, but he struggled to help his mother take care of his younger brother.This is a common situation for children like Bill. They are forced to act like adults for a wide variety of reasons. In Bill’s case, a young brother gave him adult responses. In other situations, a parent is sick, so the child has to take care of the sick parent. They reverse roles with their own parents. When you have this role reversal, the parents are so sick that they can no longer act in their parental role. The children cook for them, shop for groceries, even dress their parents, bathe them, and put them to bed. The children make the important decision. Although kids often want to help their families, too much responsibilitycan be a burden for them. They may feel they are giving up their childhoods.Okay, so kids are forced to grow up quickly for a variety of reasons. Is this a good thing or a bad thing? Well, it depends on the situation and on the child. As you might guess, the ones who suffer the most are the kids who reverse roles with a parent. Because role reversal happens in cases where the parents have the most problems and are the least capable, their children often feel more isolation. They may be embarrassed by the situation at home. They may feel confusion about how regular kids or teens are supposed to act. But many kids with adult responsibilities see their duties at home as barriers to a happy social life. They can’t go out and have fun. They feel a lot of frustration and a lot of stress.14. What did Bill do to help out in the family? (C)15. Which of the following about role reversal is not true? (C)16. What is the passage mainly concerned with? (B)Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following conversation.M: You’re going to wear out the computer’s keyboard!W: Oh, hi.M: Do you have any idea what time it is?W: About ten or ten-thirty?M: It’s nearly midnight.W: Really? I didn’t know it was so late.M: Don’t you have an early class to teach tomorrow morning?W: Yes, at seven o’clock. My com puter class, the students who go to work right after their lesson. M: Then you ought to go to bed. What are you writing, anyway?W: An article I hope I can sell.M: Oh, another of your newspaper pieces? What’s this one about?W: Do you remember the trip I took last month?M: The one up to the Amazon?W: Well, that’s what I’m writing about—the new highway and the changes it’s making in the Amazon Valley.M: It should be interesting.W: It is. I guess that’s why I forgot all about the time.M: How many articles have you sold now?W: About a dozen so far.M: What kind of newspapers buy them?W: The papers that carry a lot of foreign news. They usually appear in the big Sunday editions where they need a lot of background stories to help fill up the space between the ads.M: Is there any future in it?W: I hope so. There’s a chance I may sell t his article to a news service.M: Then your story would be published in several papers, wouldn’t it?W: That’s the idea. And I might even be able to do other stories on a regular basis. M: That would be great.17. What is the woman’s occupation?18. What is the woman writing about?19. Where do the woman’s articles usually appear?20. What does the woman expect?1—5 BABCC6—10 AADAC11—16 ADBCCB17—20CBBD21. to climb22. exhausted23. which24. after25. what26. however27. could28. putting29. myself30. was fascinated31—40KHBDA I C G E F41—55ABCDCABCABBCACD56—59CADB60—62DBC63—66DBAC67—70EBFA1.解除病人的痛苦是医生的职责。
英语_2016年上海市浦东新区中考英语二模试卷(含答案)
2016年上海市浦东新区中考英语二模试卷二、Part 2 Phonetics， Grammar and Vocabulary（第二部分语音、语法和词汇）Ⅱ. Choose the best answer （选择最恰当的答案）（共20分）1. The ________ from the factory made us feel sick．Which of the following is correct for the underlined word？（）A [smɒk]B [smɒ：k]C [smaʊk]D [sməʊk]2. Which is _____ favorite monkey character，Abu or Monchhichi？（）A sheB herC hersD herself3. Paris，_____ other big cities，is going to make better use of its river．（）A likeB ofC exceptD from4. In the US，the one﹣way trip to the workplace takes 24.4minutes _____ average．（）A inB onC aroundD with5. Playing ball games is a good way for the students of the _____ grade to release stress．（）A nineB ninesC ninthD ninths6. My father doesn't like the food others cook at all. He ______ goes to the restaurants.A neverB oftenC sometimesD always7. Stick to your dreams，_____ they will come true one day．（）A soB orC tooD and8. _____ this is your first visit to New York，you'd better learn some of the customs．（）A UnlessB SinceC AlthoughD Until9. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes _____．（）A openB openedC to openD opening10. By the time I got to the check﹣out，I realized that I _____ my purse at my office．（）A have leftB had leftC leftD was leaving11. Scientists warn that El Ni ño _____ the world this coming summer．（）A damagedB had damagedC was damagingD will damage12. People _____ to set off firecrackers in some areas of Shanghai for several months．（）A aren't allowedB weren't allowedC won't be allowedD haven't been allowed13. Mother encouraged the little Tom _____ his special experience in the blog．（）A shareB to shareC sharedD gain14. People should _____ into the habit of garbage sorting（垃圾分类）in neighborhood．（）A getB giveC goD grow15. If you find free WiFi in public places，you _____ a password．（）A needn'tB don't need toC needn't toD don't need16. Rio de Janeiro still has a lot of things _____ to prepare for the 2016 Olympics．（）A doB didC to doD does17. _____ lovely robot!Actually，it is a smartphone，the RoBoHon．（）A WhatB What aC HowD How a18. ﹣If I go to the UK，_____ must I try？﹣Fish and chips．（）A WhoseB WhatC WhenD Who19. ﹣Mum，I'm afraid the work is too difficult for me．﹣_____（）A I believe you can do it!B You are welcome．C Well done!D Thank you so much．20. ﹣Let's buy a gift for Mother．﹣_____（）A Not exactly．B That's a good idea．C What a pity．D It doesn't matter．三、Ⅲ. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can be usedonly once （将下列单词或词组填入空格．每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次）（共8分）21.For those who don't like to open their wallets，a new paying service﹣﹣﹣Apple Pay﹣﹣﹣is available now．Paying （1）_______ stores or within apps has never been easier or safer．The days of（2）_______ your wallet will be away from you．Apple Pay is simple to use and works with the cards you already have on the devices you use （3）_______．And because your card details are never shared when you use Apple Pay﹣in fact，they aren't stored on your device at all ﹣using Apple Pay on your iPhone，Apple Watch，or iPad is the safer and more （4）_______ way to pay．22.Apple started the service with China Union Pay on Feb 18，making China the （1）_______ country in which the service can be used after the US，the UK，Canada and Australia．Apple Pay users can （2）_______ a deal by just moving their devices near point of sale （POS．terminals （3）_______ scanning a bar code which is required by mobile payment services．The near﹣field communication technology or NFC allows the contactless data exchange between the user's device and the POS terminal．People may pay close attention to Apple Pay at first，but the main （4）_______for Apple Pay is how to attract more people in the run．四、Ⅳ. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms （用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子．每空格限填一词）（共8分）23. The old pictures in the hall have been taken down，and new________ will be put up．（one）24. Mohammed Ali enjoys________ on the course of programming．（he）．25. The________ soldiers were sent to the nearest hospital at once．（wound）．26. Once you have made your________，you can't change it．（choose）．27. Airlander 10，the________ aircraft in the world，is preparing for its first test flight．（large）．28. It's a piece of cake．I can finish it________ tonight．（easy）．29. We all know that a________ driver is a danger to the public．（care）．30. If you can't________ in the exam，what will you do next？（success）．五、Ⅴ. Complete the following sentences as required （根据所给要求完成句子．62-67小题每空格限填一词）（共14分）31. Technologies can be part of everyday education in the future．（改为一般疑问句）．________ technologies________ part of everyday education in the future？32. She has kept the little dog ________ （划线部分提问）．________ has she kept the little dog？33. Young students like electronic books better than paper books．（保持句意不变）．Young students________ electronic books________ paper books．34. We are all interested to know where we can register to attend MOOCs．（改为简单句）．We are all interested to know________ register to attend MOOCs．35. The gardener waters the plants in his garden every day．（改成被动语态）．The plants in his garden________ by the gardener every day．36. "Will they go to the airport by Didi Dache car service？"little Jenney asked．（改为宾语从句）．Little Jenney asked________ would go to the airport by Didi Dache car service．37. can，you，the difference，seeing and hearing，between，tell （连词成句）．________？六、Part 3 Reading and Writing （第三部分读写）VI.Reading comprehension （阅读理解）（共50分）A．Choose the best answer （根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案）（12分）38. Carole's Cooking JournalMonday，April 6This month，we had to choose an optional activity．Should it really be called"optional"if you have to do it？Unfortunately，I waited until the last minute to sign up．Many of the activities were already full，but I made a decision to join the Cooking Club because at least that way I would get a snack to eat．Tuesday，April 7It was the first time to be here．Like many of my ideas，joining the Cooking Club made sense at first but was turning out to be a disaster．Most people have been in the club for more than a year，so they already know what they're doing．And since they all know each other，they weren't exactly interested in a newcomer．Thursday，April 9What a terrible day!How could I know that if a recipe says to beat cookie batter （糊），you couldn't do it with your fists （拳头）？I thought the other kids would never stop laughing．And it was not easy to get cookie batter off your clothes．Friday，April 10I have more funny things in Cooking Club．Now I know that chocolate mousse is a dessert and it isn't spelled m﹣o﹣o﹣s﹣e．"Mousse"and"Moose"（驼鹿） sound exactly the same．So I don't think my question about whether vegetarians（素食者） can eat chocolate mousse was really that silly．Monday，April 13One of my bright ideas worked out for a change!Everyone laughed when I handed out the chocolate"moose"cookie that I made yesterday，but this time I was laughing，too．The peanut butter antlers（鹿角） were a ________．We're even planning to bake more cookies for the school food festival next week．（69）．Carole chose the Cooking Club because________．A） She liked making different kinds of food．B） Cooking club was the only activity she could choose．C） She could get some food in the Cooking Club．D） It was not open to the students until the last minute．（70）．How did Carole feel when she joined the club for the first time？________A） Excited．B） Frightened．C） Pleased．D） Lonely．（71）．Why did the writer beat the cookie batter with her fists？________A） Because she was upset about being in the club．B） Because she misunderstood a cooking recipe．C） Because she didn't know how to use tools．D） Because she was laughed at by other kids．（72）．What did Carole think of mousse at beginning？________A） She thought eating mousse was silly．B） She thought mousse was a kind of animal．C） She thought mousse didn't taste good．D） She thought only vegetarians can eat mousse．（73）．The underlined word"________"is the closest in meaning to"________"．A） great successB） sweet dessertC） big disasterD） beautiful decoration（74）．How long has Carole been in the Cooking Club according to the journal？________ A） About one week．B） About one month．C） About two weeks．D） About two months．B．Choose the best words and complete the passage （选择最恰当的单词完成短文）（12分）39. In Chinese, it is known as the"precious land"．Full of mountains and Karst landforms （地貌）, Guizhou has remained one of China's unspoiled places．Last month, the southwestern province was chosen as one of the 52（1）_______places togo in 2016by the New York Times．Now Guizhou is starting to present its real feel to more visitors．The opening of the Guiyang﹣Guangzhou high﹣speed railway on Dec 26, 2014has（2）_______the rail journey from more than 20hours to only about four hours．As the China Tour Guide website noted, Guizhou's beautiful natural scenery is"a wonderland that you will never forget"．The most famous scenic spot is probably the Huangguoshu Waterfall．The noise of the waterfall can be heard（3）_______with huge amounts of water falling down it．It's the largest waterfall in Asia, which is 77.8meters high and 101meters wide．The sunlight and rainbows also（4）_______the waterfall'sbeauty, which seems to come from another world．Another eye﹣catching Guizhou attraction is its colorful locals．The fact that people couldn't get to the province for years helped many ethnic groups（少数民族）keep their（5）_______lifestyles and cultures．For example, Miao people still live in wooden houses on stilts （木桩）, while the Dong people have old wind and rain bridges, giving people shelter whenit rains．While（6）_______ is different for different ethnic groups, sour and spicy tastes are common in Guizhou cuisine．With its use of tomatoes and just a touch of chili peppers, it is loved by anyone unwilling to the spicier Sichuan cuisine．（1）A topB ） cleanC ） bigD ） kind（2）A raisedB ） widenedC ） cutD ） delayed（3）A quicklyB ） clearlyC ） weaklyD ） smoothly（4）A take awayB ） put onC ） keep offD ） add to（5）A internationalB ） fashionableC ） traditionalD ） new（6）A foodB ） houseC ） livingD ） dressingC.Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words （在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺．每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）40. Throughout the 1900s，almost everyone knew how to jump，or"skip"rope．And it wasn't just kids on playgrounds chanting silly rhymes or singing favourite songs．Champion boxes like Sugar Ray Leonard and Muhammad Ali jumped rope to build stamina （耐力）and develop quick footwork．The activity of rope﹣jumping for f（81）________ and exercise has most likely been aroundfor thousands of years．Historians believe children skipping rope，and medieval （中世纪的） European paintings s（82）________children skipping rope on the cobblestone （鹅卵石）streets．The earliest jump ropers in North America may have been Dutch immigrants，who brought the game Double Dutch with them in the 1600s．In Double Dutch，two turners h（83）________the ends of two ropes and turn them in opposite directions as one person jumps between them．When the game was first introduced，girls couldn't participate，partly because they were c（84）________weaker，and exercise was thought of as unfeminine （不适合女性的）．Also，girls wore l（85）________dresses that got in the way．Once girls did start jumping，however，they really took over．And later，it was m（86）________girls who were better at this activity．Now，both girls and boys jump rope．Jumping rope has become a worldwide competitive sport in which children andadults compete in both single and t（87）________events．So，pick up a rope，find a silly rhyme or your favorite song，and start jumping．D.Answer the questions （根据短文内容回答问题）（12分）41. Scott Kelly，an American astronaut，returned to earth on March 2，2016．He was taller by nearly 1.5inches （3.81cm） when he landed on Earth after his 340﹣day space mission on the International Space Station （ISS）．His change in height，which lasted about two days，raised the question：What are the effects of a long﹣term stay in space？As you probably know，there is no gravity in space．This not only causes difficulties in everyday actions like eating，walking and sleeping，but also problems for the human body．The first problem is the air．Without gravity，carbon dioxide cannot spread during breathing，but gathers around the body and causes headaches．More than that，human feelings of movement are affected，which could make people feel sick．The body's fluids（液体） don't work well in weightlessness，making blood flow upward instead of down to the lower legs，and astronauts'faces become fatter than normal．Gaps between bones also become larger because humans cannot stand up straight．The spine （脊柱） can also get bigger in zero gravity．In addition，human bodies become weaker because of the lack of gravity and space to move around in．Some astronauts said that after they returned，their muscles hurt and their skin became very sensitive（敏感的）．Kelly said during his first press conference，"It was almost like my body was on fire wherever I sat or lay or walked．"However，the research into the effects of long﹣term space flight on human bodies and minds never stops．There are many actions that astronauts can take in space．They can take vitamin D for bone growth，wear special belts on their legs to keep blood in their lower bodies and do strength coaches'exercises．The fans in the ISS also help spread carbon dioxide around．"We will do further research．"NASA Administrator Charles Bolden said，"I believe it will be meaningful to human﹣being．"（88）．Something occured to Kelly's body when he finished his space mission，didn't it？________（89）．People may________，if carbon dioxide cannot spread during breathing．（90）．What will happen to astronauts'faces in space？________（91）．Why did Kelly feel burned when he was sleeping according to the text？________ （92）．What can astronauts do to keep fit in space？________（93）．Do you agree that the research is meaningful to human﹣being？Why？________．七、VII. Writing（作文）（共20分）42. Write at least 60words on the topic"A person________me before"（以"曾经________过我的人"为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格）很多人曾经出现在你的成长旅程中，他们或帮助你，或鼓励你，或爱护你，…请你描述他（她）是怎样的人，以及发生在你和他（她）之间的故事，并谈谈他（她）对你的影响．2016年上海市浦东新区中考英语二模试卷答案1. D2. B3. A4. B5. C6. A7. D8. B9. A10. B11. D12. D13. B14. A15. D16. C17. B18. B19. A20. B21. B,E,D,A22. B,A,D,C23. ones24. himself25. wounded26. choice27. largest28. easily29. careless30. succeed31. Can,be32. since she found it in the street．,How long33. prefer,to34. where to35. are watered36. if they37. Canyoutellthedifferencebetweenseeingandhearing38. huge hit,C,D,B,B,huge hit,A,A39. ACBDCA40. un,how,old,onsidered,ong,ainly,eam41. Yes，it did,have a headache．/have headaches．/feel sick．/be ill．/become weak （er）,Theybecomefatter/Fatterthan（normal）,Aftertheyreturned，theirmuscleshurtandtheirskinbecameverysensitive,TheycantakevitaminDforbonegrowth，wearspecialbeltsontheirlegstokeepbloodintheirlowerbodiesanddostrengthcoaches'exercises, Yes，（Iagree）Becauseitisgoodforcoaches'health42. ,。
浦东新区2016年度高三教学活动质量检测(二模)英语试卷(含答案解析)
浦东新区2015学年度第二学期教学质量检测高三英语试卷2016.4II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)When I first hiked in the silent Ponderosa pines of the Black Hills, I was surprised at how quiet the world became. Nowadays, when I walk in the woods, I notice other things. I hear songs of unseen birds and catch glimpses of wildflower color, all of (25)make great subjects for me to put in front of a camera.Finding those birds is (26)I ' ve spent more time in the woods of Eastern South Dakota this year than any other. Last spring I witnessed and photographed the songbirdmigration for the first time. I saw brightly colored birds that I ' d never seen before. I guessI (27)(hook) because this spring I was back in the woods searching for more.I have a goal to photograph all the colorful birds that call South Dakota home. One thathas hidden from me to this day is the Scarlet T anager (猩红比蓝雀).They are best found inUnion Grove State Park or Newton Hills and are colored red with black wings. This year, I made three separate trips to find them. I also took time (28)(learn) their song and call.This helped me find a female at dusk at Union Grove, but I could not get a decent photo.Later in the week, as I began another search at Newton Hills, a Summer Tanager flew to a tree next to me and gave me a long look. It was a real treat because the Summer Tanager is much (29)(rare) to find in South Dakota. Later in the day, Ifinally saw my first male Scarlet … well, his tail feathers anyway. By the time I (30)(spot) him, he was flying deep into the woods. I was disappointed. Then I thought this might be an invitation. " Come backinto the woods. Lose (31)among the leaves, listen to the song I sing and maybe one day we will meet. " I look forward to that day.(B)There may be no greater proof to a society ' s creativity and vision than Egypt ' s pyramids of Giza, but the pyramids are only part of ancient Egypt ' s heritage. Many of thedevices of their society are still commonplace. Here are two of their amazing inventions.Eye MakeupSure, eye makeup might not rank alongside fire or the wheel (32)one of the most important discoveries in human history, but it gives the Egyptians a run for longevity. (33)they first invented eye makeup as far back as 4000 B.C., it has never gone out of style. Even more impressive, some cosmetically-minded cultures still create makeup using the same techniques (34)(originate) in Egypt thousands of years ago. They combinedsoot (煤烟)with a mineral to create a black mixture, which is still popular today.For the Egyptians, makeup was not limited to women. Status and appearance went hand in hand, and (35)the upper class was concerned, the more makeup the better. Fashion was only part of the reason for the Egyptians ' heavy hand when applying eyeliner. They also believed that it could cure various eye diseases and even prevent them (36)(fall) victim to the evil eye.Breath MintsNext time you buy Mentos at the counter of 7-Eleven, you (37)thank the ancientEgyptians for creating a way to conceal the unpleasant smell of our mouth. Just as in modern times, bad breath in ancient Egypt was (38)symbol of poor dental health. Unlike us, the Egyptians didn ' t have sweet soft drinks and foods that contribute to tooth decay, but the stones (39)(employ) to make flour for bread brought a lot of sand to their diet, which damaged their teeth.The Egyptians had specialists for many medical problems, but unfortunately, they didn ' t have dentists to fix their bad teeth. Instead, they simply suffered, and scientists (40) have examined mummies have found severely worn teeth, even in young Egyptians. Tocope with the unpleasant smell from their rotting mouths, they invented the first mints,which were a combination boiled with honey and shaped into pills.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Developing an original and creative idea requires that two completely different networks in the brain work at the same time: the associative network alongside the more“conservative （保守的）“ network, according to new research 41 at the University ofHaifa.The researchers 42 that “ creative thinking apparently requires ' checks and balances ' ." According to the researchers, creativity is our ability to think in new ways to solve problems. But not every original solution is considered a creative one. If the idea is not fully applicable, it is not considered creative, but simply one which is 43.The researchers assumed that for a creative idea to be produced, the brain must 44 a number of different and perhaps even contradictory （矛盾的）networks. In the firstpart of the research, respondents were given half a minute to come up with a new, original and unexpected idea for the use of different objects. Answers provided with low frequency received a high score for originality, while those given 45 received a low score. In thesecond part, respondents were asked to give, within half a minute, their best characteristic46 of the objects. During the tests, all subjects were scanned using an FMRI device to examine their brain activity while providing the answer.The researchers found 47 brain activity in an “ associative " region among participants whose originality was high. This region, which includes the medial brain areas, mainly works in the background when a person is not concentrating,similar to daydreaming.But the researchers found that this region did not operate alone when an original answer was given. For the answer to be original, an additional region worked in cooperation with the associativeregion —the administrative control region, a more a conservative ”region related to social norms and rules. The researchers also found that the stronger the48, the better these regions work together in parallel, the greater the level of originality of the answer.“On the one hand, there is surely a need for a region that produces innovative ideas, but on the other hand thereis also the need for one that will know to 49 how applicable and reasonable these ideas are. The ability of the brain to operate these two regions in parallel is what results in creativity. It is possible that the most 50 creationsof humanity were produced by people who had an especially strong connection between the two regions, " the researchers concluded.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fillin each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Like many students, Ryan believes that the time and money spent on his education will pay off: he will eventually be able to get a good job and do well in the field he has chosen. And yet, 51 all of the years spent in school preparing to enter theworkplace, many recent graduates say that they struggle with the 52 fromclassroom to career world and have difficulty 53 life on the job.Writer and editor Joseph Lewis suggests one reason why this is the case. Lewis believes that most of our school experiences — from childhood through university — are fairly 54, while life in the working world is farmore uncertain. In school,55,the pattern stays more or less the same from year to year. In the workplace, however, constant 56 is the norm, and one has to adapt quickly.Another problem that graduates entering the workforce encounter is that they are57 to think analytically. In school, many students including those in college, spenda lot of time memorizing facts and repeating what they “learned “ on tests. But in the workplace employees “ are often expected to think critically an d make 58 abouttheir work, not just follow a supervisor ' s instructions. " Less time needs to be spent in school on testing, says one recent report, and more on helping students to analyze and interpret information, solve problems, and communicate their ideas effectively —skills that will prepare them to succeed in today ' s workplace.Finally, many recent graduates say that one of the biggest difficulties they face isadapting to 59 on the job. In the workplace, employees must regularly 60with others and are often dependent on their co-workers for their success. In otherwords, if an employee has to work with others to complete a given project, that employee ' s 61 not only depends on his hard work and expertise, but also on howwell his colleagues perform. Knowing how to participate effectively in teamwork ——and deal with problems when they arise — is extremely important, and yet, it is also something many students don ' t get quite 62 to in a school setting.How can we better prepare young adults for the workplace? Recent graduates, looking back on their educational experience, have some 63. Many think that allstudents should be required to do an internship （实习）while they are in school. Volunteering part time at a company, hospital, or government organization, for example, can help one gain experience and learn skills needed to succeed in the real world.64 this kind of practical work experience with classroom instruction, say the graduates, will help prepare students for the 65 of the workplace and make thetransition from school to career world less stressful.55. A. however B.in addition C.for example D. in return51. A. with regard to B. thanks to C. in spite of D. in view of52. A. action B. shift C. routine D. variety53. A. turning to B. reacting to C. adjusting to D. seeing to54. A. predictable B. considerable C. accessible D. flexibleSection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinishedstatements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Fans of reptiles like snakes will want to pay more attention to a special vehicle that has recently hit the streets: the Super Green Turtle Machine.Just like Batman has his Batmobile, Jesse Rothacker and Forgotten Friend Reptile56. A. change 57. A. encouraged 58. A. predictions 59. A. independence B. reminder B. unprepared B. targets C. prediction C. entitled C. decisions B. performance C. competition D. difficultyD. undeterminedD. inquiriesD. teamwork60. A. argue B. bargain C. identify D. interact61. A. success B. ambition C. completion D. purpose62. A. attached B.exposed C. related D. addicted63. A. patience B. advice C. expectation D. relief64. A. Pairing B. Charging C. Involving D. Rewarding65. A. availability B. possibilities C. invasion D. realitiesGive Reptiles A Chance ：'To sweeten the deal, FFRSwill choose several winners from those who post photos T-shirts, books, and other reptile-related items.In addition to the positive publicity, the Super Green Turtle Machine willserve a morepractical purpose, as well. Rothacker and his team hope to make a few morechanges toSanctuary (FFRS) can now be found touring Lancaster County in the Super Green Turtle Machine, a van with an important mission. Rothacker had co-written a song called “Super Green Turtle Machine “ with musician Steven Courtney. The song became the inspiration for the van.FFRS is celebrating its 12 th year rescuing and advocating for reptiles and creatures ofall shapes and sizes. The Super Green Turtle Machine will be rolling out to upcoming Forgotten Friend programs and frequent reptile rescue calls. We have more than 60 educational events already scheduled for 2016, Rothacker mentioned. The programs will educate audiences of all ages about reptilesand other amazing animals that are often given a bad reputation.“The idea behind the Turtle Machine is to take a marginalized animal group likereptiles and give them some positive publicity on social media, Rothacker explained. When reptile fans see the van parked with its colorful turtle mascot (吉祥物)giving a thumb-up, they are invited to take a photo with the vehicle with their own thumbs upsign. "Lots of people will have an opportunity to tell their friends on Facebook and Twitter that they give reptiles a thumb-up,“Rothacher said. “Then they can post their pictures to social media with the tag for special prizes such asthe van in the future. “The main work is done, but we ' d love to finish her up,Rothacker shared. "We have plans to add flashing caution lights for when we stop to help snakesand turtles cross the road. " Further enhancements to the Turtle Machine include adding extra tools to help with reptile rescue pickups and live educational events.As FFRS is a non-profit, donations toward the Super Green Turtle Machine are taxdeductible. Interested individuals may contribute at .66.What can we learn from the passage about Jesse Rothacker?A. He is good at composing songs.B. He has many batmobiles.C. He cures creatures of all shapes and sizes.D. He works for FFRS.67.What ' s the mission of the Super Green Turtle Machine?A.To roll out to the street for people to take pictures with.B.To publicize reptiles positively and give them practical help.C.To inspire people with the songs the van plays.D.To choose the winners from those posting good photos.68.What does the underlined word a marginalized “ in the 4 th paragraph most probably mean?A. Often neglected.B. Highly endangered.C. Much valued.D. Widely noticed.69.According to Rothacker, which of the following is NOT among the possible changes tothe van?C. Tools for live educational events.A. Flashing caution lights.B. Colourful turtle mascots. D. Reptile rescue pickup tools.often neglected. If the hosts do not rise from the table to announce coffee in the living room as the final act, guests feel awkward about being the first to get up. And then some people just never know when to go home.However, putting both starting and finishing times on an invitation,often done for cocktail parties, indeed suggests that they may arrive during the event — not toward its end, to be sure, but not necessarily at thestarting point.You are giving a dinner party, so you should inform your guests that itwill start at 7, as drinks before the meal are part of the routine. That tellsthem to arrive on time — and you can only hope that they will take themselvesoff at a decent hour.According to Miss Manners, the proper way to deal with a kid askingfor gifts isA. to ignore the kid ' s request for giftsThe time of the party is 7 p.m. to midnight. It includes a cocktail hour at 7, with dinner following. Can I add the 7 p.m. cocktail hour to the invitation? I would hate guests to misunderstand and think that they could arrive anytime between 7 and midnight. Caroline 70.B. to scold the kid for asking for presentsC. to tell kids gift giving is voluntary and two-wayD. to advise the kid ' s mum to teach him proper manners71. Which of the following does Miss Manners advise you to do at a party?A. Suggest guests arriving during the event.B. Directly remind guests to leave at a proper time.C. Inform guests of both starting and finishing hours.D. Give guests clear hint when they should leave the party.72. In witch part of a newspaper can you find this passage?A. Advice Section.B. Live Chats Section.C. Entertainment Section.D. Classified Ads Section.(C)In the 1990s, when an area of Brazilian rainforestthe size of Belgium was cut down every year, Brazil was the world ' senvironmental villain (反派角色)and the Amazonian jungle the imageof everything that was going wrong in green places. Now, the Amazonought to be the image of what is going right.deforestation fell by 70% in the Brazilian Amazon region during the past decade. If clearances had continued at their rate in 2005, anextra 3.2 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide would have been put into the atmosphere. That is an amount equal to a year s emissions from the European Union. Arguably, then, Brazil is now the world leader in addressing climate change.Government figures show that De-defanestatiunBut how did it break the vicious cycle (恶性循环)？ The answer, according to a paper is that there was no silver bullet but instead a three-stage process in which bans, better governance in frontier areas and consumer pressure on companies worked.The first stage ran from the mid-1990s to 2004. This was when the government put its efforts into bans and restrictions. The Brazilian Forest Code said that, on every farm in the Amazon, 80% of the land had to be set aside as a forest reserve. As the study observes, this share was so high that the code could not be followed —or enforced. Thiswas the period of the worst deforestation. Soybean prices were high and there was a vast expansion of soybean farming on the south-eastern border of the rainforest.During the second stage, which ran from 2005 to 2009, the government tried to boost its ability to police the Amazon. Brazil ' s president made stopping deforestation a priority, which resulted in better co-operation between different bits of the government. The area in which farming was banned was increased from a sixth to nearly half of the forest.The third stage, which began in 2009, was a test of whether a system of restrictions could survive as soybean expansion continued. The government shifted its focus from farms to counties (each state has scores of these). Farmers in the 36 counties with the worst deforestation rates were banned from getting cheap credit until those rates fell.By any standards, Brazil ' s Amazon policy has been a success, made the more remarkable because it relied on restrictions rather than rewards, which might have beenexpected to have worked better. Over the period of the study, Brazil also turned itselfinto a farming superpower, so the country has shown it is possible to get a huge increase in food output without destroying the forest. Moreover, the policies so far have been successful among commercial farmers who care about the law and respondto market pressures. Most remaining deforestation is by small holders who care rather less about these things, so the government faces the problem of persuading them to change their ways, too. Deforestation has been slowed, but not yet stopped.73.Brazil is considered to play a leading role in dealing with climate change becauseA.it has rainforest as large as BelgiumB.it has cut down too much rainforestC.it has taken action to reduce deforestationD.it sent 3.2 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the air74.The underlined phrase “silver bullet “ in Paragraph 2 most probably refers toA. a powerful weaponB. an effective solutionC. an intelligent deviceD. a golden opportunity75.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.80% of the farmland was allowed for farming in the 1 st stage.B.Soybean prices went up where farming land was expanded.C.The government hired more policemen in the Amazon area.D.The government enlarged its range of supervision in the 3rd stage.76.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Brazil has successfully eliminated deforestation.B.All the farmers care much about forest protection.C.Small farm holders are a headache for the Brazilian government.D.Both the food output and the forest in Brazil have greatly increased.77.What can be the best title of the passage?A.Cutting Down on Cutting DownB.Brazil, the World Leader in FarmingC.Restrictions Outperforming RewardsD.Former Awareness Working WondersSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete thestatements in the fewest possible words.Want More Innovation? Get More Diversity （多样性）Research by my colleague and I suggests that university administrators who do not work hard to attract and retain African-American teaching staff may well be missing out on an important benefit: Academic departments that are more diverse may produce more creative ideas and work.A mathematical model has been developed to study the effects of diversity. And we discovered a simple truth: More diverse groups may do better because they are less conformist （墨守成规的）.Picture it: You ' re brainstorming with your best friend of 30 years. You grew up in the same neighborhood, went to the same school, and stood up for each other at your weddings. When a crazy idea crosses your mind, youimmediately see all the reasons why he may dismiss it. On the other hand, you know what ideas he is receptive to— so why not start with those?Now suppose you ' re brainstorming with someone who grew up with a differentperspective and who has very different experiences from you. Would you be more willing to share your crazy idea with her? After all, you have no clue what ideas she is open to — so why not try it out?Something like this may be going on in the academic workplace. We often don ' t realize it, but we constantly think about how people around us will react to us. In itself, this is not a bad thing. If we didn ' t put ourselves into other people ' s shoes, we ' d experience even more disagreements and misunderstandings than we already do.But our research suggests that a little unpredictability may not be a bad thing. In fact, a little more unpredictability may be what we need to make us all a little less conformist and a little more open to trying new things.Extensive data suggest that more diverse teams outperform homogeneous (同质的)teams when it is crucial to be innovative, which agrees with our mathematical model.So if diverse groups outperform more homogeneous ones, why do university administrators not choose to hire more African-Americans? There are many possible reasons, but one is that people have a tendency to hire people like themselves.Interacting with people like ourselves allows us to stay within our comfort zones. It is certainly easier to find common ground with one ' s friend of 30 years than with a stranger. Yet given the increasing emphasis on innovation and creativity in today ' seconomy, it pays for universities to actively pursue a more racially and ethnically diverse teaching staff. So, stop hiring people who look like you.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78.Research by the writer and his colleague indicates that the more diverse academic apartments are,.79.According to the writer, showing ready comprehension of others ' situation will contribute to.80.As is suggested in the research, what can make us more open to diversity?81.Why is a university administrator more likely to hire people like him?第II卷(共47分)1.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.今晚为什么不看本杂志放松一下呢？ ( relax)2,他在一些无关紧要的事上花费太多时间，导致了整个项目的失败。
2016年上海浦东新区二模英语试题答案
YES, WE CAN! TEACHER. LI浦东区高三英语二模参考答案2015.4.21第I卷第一大题第1至第10小题，每题1分；第11至第16小题，每题2分：第17至第24小题，每题1分。
共30分。
1.C2.B3.B4.B5.B6.C7.D8.D9.A 10.D11. A 12. C 13. B 14. B 15. C 16. A17. Beach 18. car 19. Friday 20. Friends21. All staff 22. Marketing Manager 23. 5 Jan. 2003 24. Sales Conference第二大题每小题1分。
共26分。
25. bringing 26. had brought 27. before 28. Why 29. which 30. Whatever 31. should 32. Furnishing 33. self-funded 34. was released 35. an 36. Deeper 37. that 38. but 39. as 40. to help41. D 42. B 43. C 44. I 45. F 46. K 47. E 48. A 49. G 50. H第三大题第51至65小题，每题1分；第“66至77”小题，每题2分；第78至81小题，每题2分。
共47分。
51.B 52.C 53.C 54.A 55.D 56.B 57.A 58.C 59.D 60.C 61.D 62.C 63.A 64.C 65.A66. B 67.D 68.C 69.B 70.A 71.B 72.C 73.D 74.A 75.C 76.C 77.B78. setting slaves free and allowing people to choose their religion79. can be taken away at someone’s sudden desire80. (For) 70 years81. The development / evolution/ history of human rights第II卷I．翻译共22分。
浦东新区2016届高中三年级教学质量检测(二模)英语试卷(含答案)
浦东新区2015学年度第二学期教学质量检测高三英语试卷2016.4II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)When I first hiked in the silent Ponderosa pines of the Black Hills, I was surprised at how quiet the world became. Nowadays, when I walk in the woods, I notice other things. I hear songs of unseen birds and catch glimpses of wildflower color, all of (25)______ make great subjects for me to put in front of a camera.Finding those birds is (26)______ I’ve spent more time in the woods of Eastern South Dakota this year than any other. Last spring I witnessed and photographed the songbird migration for the first time. I saw brightly colored birds that I’d never seen before. I guess I (27)______ (hook) because this spring I was back in the woods searching for more.I have a goal to photograph all the colorful birds that call South Dakota home. One that has hidden from me to this day is the Scarlet Tanager(猩红比蓝雀). They are best found in Union Grove State Park or Newton Hills and are colored red with black wings. This year, I made threeseparate trips to find them. I also took time (28)______ (learn) their song and call. This helped me find a female at dusk at Union Grove, but I could not get a decent photo. Later in the week, asI began another search at Newton Hills, a Summer T anager flew to a tree next to me and gave mea long look. It was a real treat because the Summer Tanager is much (29)______ (rare) to find in South Dakota. Later in the day, I finally saw my first male Scarlet … well, his tail feathers anyway. By the time I (30)_____(spot) him, he was flying deep into the woods. I was disappointed. Then I thought this might be an invitation. “Come back into the woods. Lose (31)_____ among the leaves, listen to the song I sing and maybe one day we will meet.” I look forward to that day.(B)There may be no greater proof to a society’s creativity and vision than Egypt’s pyramids of Giza, but the pyramids are only part of ancient Egypt’s heritage. Many of the devices of their society are still commonplace. Here are two of their amazing inventions.Eye MakeupSure, eye makeup might not rank alongside fire or the wheel (32)______ one of the most important discoveries in human history, but it gives the Egyptians a run for longevity. (33)______ they first invented eye makeup as far back as 4000 B.C., it has never gone out of style. Even more impressive, some cosmetically-minded cultures still create makeup using the same techniques (34)______ (originate) in Egypt thousands of years ago. They combined soot(煤烟) with a mineral to create a black mixture, which is still popular today.For the Egyptians, makeup was not limited to women. Status and appearance went hand inhand, and (35)______ ______ ______ the upper class was concerned, the more makeup the better. Fashion was only part of the reason for the Egyptians’ heavy hand when applying eyeliner. They also believed that it could cure various eye diseases and even prevent them (36)______ (fall) victim to the evil eye.Breath MintsNext time you buy Mentos at the counter of 7-Eleven, you (37)______ thank the ancient Egyptians for creating a way to conceal the unpleasant smell of our mouth. Just as in modern times, bad breath in ancient Egypt was (38)______ symbol of poor dental health. Unlike us, the Egyptians didn’t have sweet soft drinks and foods that contribute to tooth decay, but the stones (39)______(employ) to make flour for bread brought a lot of sand to their diet, which damaged their teeth.The Egyptians had specialists for many medical problems, but unfortunately, they didn’t have dentists to fix their bad teeth. Instead, they simply suffered, and scientists (40)______ have examined mummies have found severely worn teeth, even in young Egyptians. T o cope with the unpleasant smell from their rotting mouths, they invented the first mints, which were a combination boiled with honey and shaped into pills.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Developing an original and creative idea requires that two completely different networks in the brain work at the same time: the associative network alongside the more “conservative(保守的)” network, according to new research ___41___ at the University of Haifa.The researchers ___42___ that “creative thinking apparently require s ‘checks and balances’.” According to the researchers, creativity is our ability to think in new ways to solve problems. But not every original solution is considered a creative one. If the idea is not fully applicable,it is not considered creative, but simply one which is ___43___.The researchers assumed that for a creative idea to be produced, the brain must ___44___ a number of different and perhaps even contradictory(矛盾的) networks. In the first part of the research, respondents were given half a minute to come up with a new, original and unexpected idea for the use of different objects. Answers provided with low frequency received a high score for originality, while those given ___45___ received a low score. In the second part, respondents were asked to give, within half a minute, their best characteristic ___46___ of the objects. During the tests, all subjects were scanned using an FMRI device to examine their brain activity while providing the answer.The researchers found ___47___brain activity in an “associative” region among participants whose originality was high. This region, which includes the medial brain areas, mainly works in thebackground when a person is not concentrating, similar to daydreaming.But the researchers found that this region did not operate alone when an original answer was given. For the answer to be original, an additional region worked in cooperation with the associative region—the administrative control region, a more “conservative” region related to social norms and rules. The researchers also found that the stronger the ___48___, the better these regions work together in parallel, the greater the level of originality of the answer.“On t he one hand, there is surely a need for a region that produces innovative ideas, but on the other hand there is also the need for one that will know to ___49___ how applicable and reasonable these ideas are. The ability of the brain to operate these two regions in parallel is what results in creativity. It is possible that the most ___50___ creations of humanity were produced by people who had an especially strong connection between the two regions,” the researchers concluded.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Like many students, Ryan believes that the time and money spent on his education will pay off: he will eventually be able to get a good job and do well in the field he has chosen. And yet, ___51___ all of the years spent in school preparing to enter the workplace, manyrecent graduates say that they struggle with the ___52___ from classroom to career world and have difficulty ___53___ life on the job.Writer and editor Joseph Lewis suggests one reason why this is the case. Lewis believes that most of our school experiences—from childhood through university—are fairly ___54___, while life in the working world is far more uncertain. In school, ___55___, the pattern stays more or less the same from year to year. In the workplace, however, constant ___56___ is the norm, and one has to adapt quickly.Another problem that graduates entering the workforce encounter is that they are ___57___ to think analytically. In school, many students including those in college, spend a lot of time memorizing facts and repeating what they “learned” on tests. But in the workplace employees “are often expected to think critically and make ___58___ about their work, not just follow a supervisor’s instructions.” Less time needs to be spent in school on testing, says one recent report, and more on helping students to analyze and interpret information, solve problems, and communicate their ideas effectively—skills that will prepare them to succeed in today’s workplace.Finally, many recent graduates say that one of the biggest difficulties they face is adapting to ___59___ on the job. In the workplace, employees must regularly ___60___ with others and are often dependent on their co-workers for their success. In other words, if an employee has to work with others to complete a given project, that employee’s ___61___ not only depends on his hard work and expertise, but also on how well his colleagues perform. Knowing how to participate effectively in teamwork—and deal with problems when theyarise—is extremely important, and yet, it is also something many students don’t get quite ___62___ to in a school setting.How can we better prepare young adults for the workplace? Recent graduates, looking back on their educational experience, have some ___63___. Many think that all students should be required to do an internship (实习) while they are in school. Volunteering part time at a company, hospital, or government organization, for example, can help one gain experience and learn skills needed to succeed in the real world. ___64___ this kind of practical work experience with classroom instruction, say the graduates, will help prepare students for the ___65___ of the workplace and make the transition from school to career world less stressful.51. A. with regard to B. thanks to C. in spite of D. in view of52. A. action B. shift C. routine D. variety53. A. turning to B. reacting to C. adjusting to D. seeing to54. A. predictable B. considerable C. accessible D. flexible55. A. however B. in addition C. for example D. in return56. A. change B. reminder C. prediction D. difficulty57. A. encouraged B. unprepared C. entitled D. undetermined58. A. predictions B. targets C. decisions D. inquiries59. A. independence B. performance C. competition D. teamwork60. A. argue B. bargain C. identify D. interact61. A. success B. ambition C. completion D. purpose62. A. attached B. exposed C. related D. addicted63. A. patience B. advice C. expectation D. relief64. A. Pairing B. Charging C. Involving D. Rewarding65. A. availability B. possibilities C. invasion D. realitiesSection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Fans of reptiles like snakes will want to pay more attention to a special vehicle that has recently hit the streets: the Super Green Turtle Machine.Just like Batman has his Batmobile, Jesse Rothacker and Forgotten Friend Reptile Sanctuary (FFRS) can now be found touring Lancaster County in the Super Green Turtle Machine, a van with an important mission. Rothacker had co-written a song cal led “Super Green Turtle Machine” with musician Steven Courtney. The song became the inspiration for the van.FFRS is celebrating its 12th year rescuing and advocating for reptiles and creatures of all shapes and sizes. The Super Green Turtle Machine will be rolling out to upcoming ForgottenFriend programs and frequent reptile rescue calls. “We have more than 60 educational events already scheduled for 2016,” Rothacker mentioned. The programs will educate audiences of all ages about reptiles and other amazing animals that are often given a bad reputation.“The idea behind the Turtle Machine is to take a marginalized animal group like reptiles and give them some positive publicity on social media,” Rothacker explained. When reptile fans see the van parked with its colorful turtle mascot (吉祥物) giving a thumb-up, they are invited to take a photo with the vehicle with their own thumbs up sign. “Lots of people will have an opportunity to tell their friends on Facebook and Twitter that they give reptiles a thumb-up,”Rothacher said. “Then they can post their pictures to social media with the tag Give Reptiles A Chance.” To sweeten the deal, FFRS will choose several winners from those who post photos for special prizes such as T-shirts, books, and other reptile-related items.In addition to the positive publicity, the Super Green Turtle Machine will serve a more practical purpose, as well. Rothacker and his team hope to make a few more changes to the van in the future. “The main work is done, but we’d love to finish her up,” Rothacker shared. “We have plans to add flashing caution lights for when we stop to help snakes and turtles cross the road.” Further enhancements to the Turtle Machine include adding extra tools to help with reptile rescue pickups and live educational events.As FFRS is a non-profit, donations toward the Super Green Turtle Machine are tax deductible. Interested individuals may contribute at www. .66. What can we learn from the passage about Jesse Rothacker?A. He is good at composing songs.B. He has many batmobiles.C. He cures creatures of all shapes and sizes.D. He works for FFRS.67. What’s the mission of the Super Green Turtle Machine?A. To roll out to the street for people to take pictures with.B. To publicize reptiles positively and give them practical help.C. To inspire people with the songs the van plays.D. To choose the winners from those posting good photos.68. What does the underlined word “marginalized”in the 4th paragraph most probably mean?A. Often neglected.B. Highly endangered.C. Much valued.D. Widely noticed.69. According to Rothacker, which of the following is NOT among the possible changes to the van?A. Flashing caution lights.B. Colourful turtle mascots.C. Tools for live educational events.D. Reptile rescue pickup tools.(B)70. According to Miss Manners, the proper way to deal with a kid asking for gifts is _______.A. to ignore the kid’s request for giftsB. to scold the kid for asking for presentsC. to tell kids gift giving is voluntary and two-wayD. to advise the kid’s mum to teach him proper manners71. Which of the following does Miss Manners advise you to do at a party?A. Suggest guests arriving during the event.B. Directly remind guests to leave at a proper time.C. Inform guests of both starting and finishing hours.D. Give guests clear hint when they should leave the party.72. In witch part of a newspaper can you find this passage?A. Advice Section.B. Live Chats Section.C. Entertainment Section.D. Classified Ads Section.(C)In the 1990s, when an area of Brazilian rainforest thesize of Belgium was cut down every year, Brazil was theworld’s environmental villain(反派角色) and theAmazonian jungle the image of everything that wasgoing wrong in green places. Now, the Amazon ought to be the image of what is going right. Government figures show that deforestation fell by 70% in the Brazilian Amazon region during the past decade. If clearances had continued at their rate in 2005, an extra 3.2 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide would have been put into the atm osphere. That is an amount equal to a year’s emissions from the European Union. Arguably, then, Brazil is now the world leader in addressing climate change.But how did it break the vicious cycle(恶性循环)? The answer, according to a paper is that there was no silver bullet but instead a three-stage process in which bans, better governance in frontier areas and consumer pressure on companies worked.The first stage ran from the mid-1990s to 2004. This was when the government put its efforts into bans and restrictions. The Brazilian Forest Code said that, on every farm in the Amazon, 80% of the land had to be set aside as a forest reserve. As the study observes, this share was so high that the code could not be followed—or enforced. This was the period of the worst deforestation. Soybean prices were high and there was a vast expansion ofsoybean farming on the south-eastern border of the rainforest.During the second stage, which ran from 2005 to 2009, the government tried to boost its ability to police the Amazon. Brazil’s president made stopping deforestation a priority, which resulted in better co-operation between different bits of the government. The area in which farming was banned was increased from a sixth to nearly half of the forest.The third stage, which began in 2009, was a test of whether a system of restrictions could survive as soybean expansion continued. The government shifted its focus from farms to counties (each state has scores of these). Farmers in the 36 counties with the worst deforestation rates were banned from getting cheap credit until those rates fell.By any standards, Brazil’s Amazon policy has been a success, made the more remarkable because it relied on restrictions rather than rewards, which might have been expected to have worked better. Over the period of the study, Brazil also turned itself into a farming superpower, so the country has shown it is possible to get a huge increase in food output without destroying the forest. Moreover, the policies so far have been successful among commercial farmers who care about the law and respond to market pressures. Most remaining deforestation is by small holders who care rather less about these things, so the government faces the problem of persuading them to change their ways, too. Deforestation has been slowed, but not yet stopped.73. Brazil is considered to play a leading role in dealing with climate change because ______.A. it has rainforest as large as BelgiumB. it has cut down too much rainforestC. it has taken action to reduce deforestationD. it sent 3.2 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the air74. The underlined phrase “silver bullet” in Paragraph 2 most probably refers to______.A. a powerful weaponB. an effective solutionC. an intelligent deviceD. a golden opportunity75. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. 80% of the farmland was allowed for farming in the 1st stage.B. Soybean prices went up where farming land was expanded.C. The government hired more policemen in the Amazon area.D. The government enlarged its range of supervision in the 3rd stage.76. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Brazil has successfully eliminated deforestation.B. All the farmers care much about forest protection.C. Small farm holders are a headache for the Brazilian government.D. Both the food output and the forest in Brazil have greatly increased.77. What can be the best title of the passage?A. Cutting Down on Cutting DownB. Brazil, the World Leader in FarmingC. Restrictions Outperforming RewardsD. Former Awareness Working WondersSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Want More Innovation? Get More Diversity(多样性)Research by my colleague and I suggests that university administrators who do not work hard to attract and retain African-American teaching staff may well be missing out on an important benefit: Academic departments that are more diverse may produce more creative ideas and work.A mathematical model has been developed to study the effects of diversity. And we discovered a simple truth: More diverse groups may do better because they are less conformist（墨守成规的）.Picture it: You’re brainstorming with you r best friend of 30 years. You grew up in the same neighborhood, went to the same school, and stood up for each other at your weddings. When a crazy idea crosses your mind, you immediately see all the reasons why he may dismiss it. On the other hand, you know what ideas he is receptive to — so why not start with those?Now suppose you’re brainstorming with someone who grew up with a different perspective and who has very different experiences from you. Would you be more willing to share your crazy idea with her? After all, you have no clue what ideas she is open to — sowhy not try it out?Something like this may be going on in the academic workplace. We often don’t realize it, but we constantly think about how people around us will react to us. In itself, this is not a bad thing. If we didn’t put ourselves into other people’s shoes, we’d experience even more disagreements and misunderstandings than we already do.But our research suggests that a little unpredictability may not be a bad thing. In fact, a little more unpredictability may be what we need to make us all a little less conformist and a little more open to trying new things.Extensive data suggest that more diverse teams outperform homogeneous(同质的) teams when it is crucial to be innovative, which agrees with our mathematical model.So if diverse groups outperform more homogeneous ones, why do university administrators not choose to hire more African-Americans? There are many possible reasons, but one is that people have a tendency to hire people like themselves. Interacting with people like ourselves allows us to stay within our comfort zones. It is certainly easier to find common ground with one’s friend of 30 years than with a stranger. Yet given the increasing emphasis on innovation and creativit y in today’s economy, it pays for universities to actively pursue a more racially and ethnically diverse teaching staff. So, stop hiring people who look like you.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. Research by the writer and his colleague indicates that the more diverse academicapartments are, ___________________________.79. According to the writer, showing ready comprehension of others’ situation will contribute to _____________________.80. As is suggested in the research, what can make us more open to diversity?81. Why is a university administrator more likely to hire people like him?第II 卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.今晚为什么不看本杂志放松一下呢？（relax）2.他在一些无关紧要的事上花费太多时间，导致了整个项目的失败。
2016届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解C篇--老师版(带答案已校对)
Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Scientists Detect Gravitational WavesWhat is gravitational waves(引力波)? Scientists havefor the first time observed ripples in the fabric of space time(时空涟漪) called gravitational waves, arriving at the earthfrom a severely destructive event in the distant universe. Itconfirms a major prediction of Albert Einstein‘s 1915 generaltheory of relativity and opens a unique new window onto theuniverse, according to a group of scientists at a press conference in Washington on Thursday.―This is truly scientific moonshot. We did it. We landed on the moon,‖ declared David Reitz, executive director of the LIGO Laboratory at Caltech, at the conference in the National Press Club.According to the National Science Foundation (NSF) experts, gravitational waves carry information about their dramatic origins and about the nature of gravity that cannot be obtained from elsewhere. Physicists have concluded that the detected gravitational waves were produced during the final fraction of a second(千分之一秒) of the combination of two black holes to produce a single, much bigger turning black hole. This fierce shock of two black holes had been predicted but never observed by NSF.The gravitational waves were detected on Sept 14, 2015 at 5:51 am EDT by both of the twin Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors, located in Livingston, Louisiana, and Hanford, Washington.Based on the observed signals, LIGO scientists estimate that the black holes for this event were about 29 and 36 times the weight of the sun, and the event took place 1.3 billion years ago.About three times the weight of the sun was changed into gravitational waves in a fraction of a second -- with a peak power output about 50 times that of the whole visible universe. By looking at the time of arrival of the signals -- the detector in Livingston recorded the event 7 milliseconds (毫秒) before the detector in Hanford -- scientists can say that the source was located in the Southern Hemisphere, according to a press release from NSF, which funded the research.This new LIGO discovery is the first observation of gravitational waves themselves, made by measuring the tiny disturbances the waves make to space and time as they pass through the earth. ―Our observation of gravitational waves accomplishes an ambitious goal set out over five decades ago to directly detect this puzzling phenomenon and better understand the universe, and, properly, fulfills Einstein‘s prediction on the 100th anniversary of his general theory of relativity,‖ Reitze said.74. By saying ―This is truly scientific moonshot. We did it. We landed on the moon,‖ what doesDavid Reitz mean?A. We humans truly landed on the moon this time.B. The theory of relativity was not proved until today.C. Gravitational waves arrived at the earth in the end.D. Scientists successfully observed gravitational waves.75. What do NSF experts talk about in the third paragraph?A. Gravitational waves carry information about the origins of nature.B. The nature of gravity cannot be obtained from gravitational waves.C. The combination of two black holes can produce a single, much bigger turning black hole.D. Gravitational waves only appear at the final fraction of a second of the shock of two black holes.76. According to the observed signals, LIGO scientists find out that ______.A. the two black holes which brought about this event were much bigger than the sunB. about three times the weight of the sun became gravitational waves in this eventC. the event produced by the observed signals took place 1.3 billion years agoD. the peak power output was about 50 times that of the whole universe77. From this passage, a conclusion can be drawn that ______.A. gravitational waves can make disturbances to space and timeB. Einstein predicted the observed gravitational waves in the universeC. gravitational waves is not a puzzling phenomenon to the world any moreD. this new LIGO discovery was made to test the general theory of relativityKeys: 74-77: DCBASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)When I returned to the common, the sun was setting. The crowd around the hole had increased, and stood out black against the lemon yellow of the sky—a couple of hundred people, perhaps. There were really, I should think, two or three hundred people elbowing one another, the one or two ladies there being by no means the least active. ―He‘s fallen in the hole!‖ cried someone. ―Keep back!‖ said several. The crowd moved a little, and I elbowed my way through. Everyone seemed greatly excited. I heard a peculiar humming sound from the hole.―I say!‖said Ogilvy; ―help keep these idiots back. We don‘t know what‘s in the puzzling thing, you know!‖The end of the cylinder(圆柱体) was being screwed out from within. I turned, and as I did so the screw（螺丝钉）must have come out, for the lid of the cylinder fell upon the ground with a ringing shock. For a moment that circular cavity seemed perfectly black. I had the sunset in my eyes.I think everyone expected to see a man emerge—possibly something a little unlike us earthly men, but in all essentials a man. But, looking, I presently saw something exciting within the shadow: clumsy movements, one above another, and then two disc-like eyes. Then something resembling a grey snake, about the thickness of a walking stick, climbed up out of the twistingmiddle, and moved in the air towards me—and then another.A sudden chill came over me. I stood frightened and staring. A big grayrounded bulk, the size, perhaps, of a bear, was rising slowly and painfully out of the cylinder. As it bulged up and caught the light, it looked like wet leather.Anyone who has never seen a living Martian can scarcely imagine the strange horror of its appearance. The peculiar V-shaped mouth with its pointed upper lip, the absence of brow ridges, the Gorgon groups of tentacles(触手), the unstable breathing of the lungs in a strange atmosphere, the evident heaviness and painfulness of movement due to the greater gravitational energy of the earth—above all, the extraordinary intensity of the huge eyes, which was unforgettable—were at once vital, intense, inhuman,and monstrous. There was something fungoid in the oily brown skin, something in the clumsy deliberation of the tedious movements unspeakably nasty.Even at this first encounter, this first glimpse, I was overcome with disgust and dread.73. Why was the crowd ―elbowing one another‖ according to paragraph 1?A. There were no officials to control them.B. They were curious and wanted to get a good view of the hole.C. They were angry and trying to push people into the hole.D. They were trying to get away from the hole in fear.74. The Martian shocked the narrator because__________.A. it did not look like the other Martians that had arrived earlierB. it arrived on Earth in a strange and nasty-looking cylinderC. it was moving surprisingly slowly for a MartianD. like most people, he had thought it would resemble a human75. A“sudden chill”（paragraph 5）came over the narrator because________.A. the Martian was heading directly towards the crowdB. a cold tentacle had almost reached the narratorC. he saw the Martian‘s terrifying features as it climbed out of the cylinderD. the sun had set and he suddenly noticed the night-time chill76. What did the narrator find most impressive about the creature?A. The horrible shape of its mouth and face.B. Its long and strange tentacles.C. The way it moved in the Earth‘s atmosphere.D. Its unusual large and intense eyes.77. The description of the Martians implies that they are _______.A. cute and charmingB. friendly and cooperativeC. frightening and probably dangerousD. ugly but unluckily misunderstoodKeys: 73-77 BDCDCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)In the 1990s, when an area of Brazilian rainforest the size ofBelgium was cut down every year, Brazil was the world‘senvironmental villain(反派角色) and the Amazonian jungle theimage of everything that was going wrong in green places. Now,the Amazon ought to be the image of what is going right.Government figures show that deforestation fell by 70% in theBrazilian Amazon region during the past decade. If clearances had continued at their rate in 2005, an extra 3.2 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide would have been put into the atmosphere. That is an amount equal to a year‘s emissions from the European Union.Arguably, then, Brazil is now the world leader in addressing climate change.But how did it break the vicious cycle(恶性循环)? The answer, according to a paper is that there was no silver bullet but instead a three-stage process in which bans, better governance infrontier areas and consumer pressure on companies worked.The first stage ran from the mid-1990s to 2004. This was when the government put its efforts into bans and restrictions. The Brazilian Forest Code said that, on every farm in the Amazon, 80% of the land had to be set aside as a forest reserve. As the study observes, this share was so high that the code could not be followed—or enforced. This was the period of the worst deforestation. Soybean prices were high and there was a vast expansion of soybean farming on the south-eastern border of the rainforest.During the second stage, which ran from 2005 to 2009, the government tried to boost its ability to police the Amazon. Brazil‘s president made stopping deforestation a priority, which resulted in better co-operation between different bits of the government. The area in which farming was banned was increased from a sixth to nearly half of the forest.The third stage, which began in 2009, was a test of whether a system of restrictions could survive as soybean expansion continued. The government shifted its focus from farms to counties (each state has scores of these). Farmers in the 36 counties with the worst deforestation rates were banned from getting cheap credit until those rates fell.By any standards, Brazil‘s Amazon policy has been a success, made the more remarkable because it relied on restrictions rather than rewards, which might have been expected to have worked better. Over the period of the study, Brazil also turned itself into a farming superpower, so the country has shown it is possible to get a huge increase in food output without destroying the forest. Moreover, the policies so far have been successful among commercial farmers who care about the law and respond to market pressures. Most remaining deforestation is by smallholders who care rather less about these things, so the government faces the problem of persuading them to change their ways, too. Deforestation has been slowed, but not yet stopped.73. Brazil is considered to play a leading role in dealing with climate change because ______.A. it has rainforest as large as BelgiumB. it has cut down too much rainforestC. it has taken action to reduce deforestationD. it sent 3.2 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the air74. The underlined phrase ―silver bullet‖ in Paragraph 2 most probably refers to______.A. a powerful weaponB. an effective solutionC. an intelligent deviceD. a golden opportunity75. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. 80% of the farmland was allowed for farming in the 1st stage.B. Soybean prices went up where farming land was expanded.C. The government hired more policemen in the Amazon area.D. The government enlarged its range of supervision in the 3rd stage.76. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Brazil has successfully eliminated deforestation.B. All the farmers care much about forest protection.C. Small farm holders are a headache for the Brazilian government.D. Both the food output and the forest in Brazil have greatly increased.77. What can be the best title of the passage?A. Cutting Down on Cutting DownB. Brazil, the World Leader in FarmingC. Restrictions Outperforming RewardsD. Former Awareness Working WondersKeys: 73-77 CBDCASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Lindsay Renwick, the mayor of Deniliquin, a country town in New South Wales, misses the constant whir(嗡嗡声)of the rice mill whose giant fans dried the rice. The Deniliquin mill, the largest rice mill in the Southern Hemisphere (南半球), once processed enough grain to meet theneeds of 20 million people globally. But six years of drought have had a destructive effect, reducing Australia‘s rice crop by 98 percent and leading to the mothballing of the mill last December.Drought affects every agriculture industry based in Australia, not just rice –from sheep farming, the country‘s other backbone, to the cultivation of grapes for wine, the fastest-growing crop there, with that expansion often coming at the expense of rice. The drought‘s effect on rice has produced the greatest impact on the rest of the world, so far. It is one factor contributing to skyrocketing prices, and many scientists believe it is among the earliest signs that a warming planet is starting to affect food production.Researchers are looking for solutions to global rice shortages – for example, rice that blooms earlier in the day, when it is cooler, to fight against global warming. Rice plants that happen to bloom on hot days are less likely to produce grains of rice, a difficulty that is already starting to emerge in inland areas of China and other Asian countries as temperatures begin to climb. ―There will be problems very soon unless we have new varieties of rice in place,‖ said Reiner Wassmann, climate change director at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The recent reports on climate change carried a warning that could make the news even worse: that existing models for the effects of climate change on agriculture did not yet include newer findings that global warming could reduce rainfall and make it more variable.Yet the effects of climate change are not uniformly bad for rice. Rising concentrations (浓度) of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas, can actually help rice – although the effect reduces or disappears if the plants face unnecessary heat, inadequate water, severe pollution or other stresses. Still, the flexibility of farmers here has persuaded some climate experts that, particularly in developed countries, the effects of climate change may be relieved, if not completely avoided. ―I‘m not as negative as most people,‖ said Will Steffen, director of the Fenner School of Environment and Society at Australian National University. ―Farmers are learning how to do things differently.‖Meanwhile, changes like the use of water to grow wine grapes instead of rice carry their own costs, as the developing world is discovering. ―Rice is anessential food,‖ said Graeme Haley, the general manager of the town of Deniliquin. ―Wine is not.‖73. By ―the mothballing of the mill‖ (in Paragraph 1) the author most probably means the mill is______.A. kept unprocessedB. left unusedC. being entirely restoredD. being pushed round74. To find the ways to cope with the global rice shortage, researchers are ______.A. seeking new types of rice which could bloom at a lower temperatureB. buildinggreenhouses which could provide more heat for rice to growC. studying climate changes inChina which may affect rice growing in AsiaD. looking for alternative agriculture industries which may take the place of rice75. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. Rice plants are fond of higher temperature in the process of growing.B. Global warming has shown few signs of influence on agriculture.C. Rice prices are rising steadily owing to the crop failure in Australia.D. Global warming may contribute to more complicated weather conditions.76. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. Australia is the largest rice producing country around the worldB. most peoplelook on the bright side of the flexibility of farmersC. climate changes have simply brought negative effects to people‘s livesD. wine grape cultivation has threatened the rice production in Australia77. Which of the following best serves as the title of the passage?A. Rice shortage and wine boomB. Drought, theenemy of rice productionC. Rice crisis and its solutionD. Rice issue, a focus of the public attentionKeys: 73-77 BADDCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Women are still underrepresented in top academic positions. One of the possible explanations for this is the increasing importance of obtaining research funding. Women are often less successful in this than men. Psychology researchers Dr. Romy van der Lee and professor Naomi Ellemers investigated whether this difference also occurs at the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) and examined potential explanations.The researchers were assigned by NWO to carry out this study as part of the broader evaluation of NWO's procedures and its gender diversity policy. The aim was to gain more insight into the causes of the differences in awarding rates for male and female applicants for research funding. The analysis addressed an important ―talent programme‖ of NWO, the Veni grant. ―Whoever receives this grant has a greater chance of obtaining an important appointment at a university,‖ says Naomi Ellemers.Van der Lee and Ellemers investigated all the applications submitted by male and female researchers over a period of three years: a total of 2823 applications. Under the direction of NWO these applications were assessed by scientific committees consisting of men and women. The results demonstrate that the awarding rates for female applicants (14.9%) are systematically lower than those for male applicants (17.7%). ―If we compare the proportion of women among the applicants with the proportion of women among those awarded funding, we see a loss of 4%,‖ said Ellemers.The study reveals that women are less positively evaluated for their qualities as researcher than men are. ―Interestingly the research proposals of women and men are evaluated equally positively. In other words, the reviewers see no difference in the quality of the proposals that men and wome n submit,‖ says Romy van der Lee.In search for a possible cause for the differences in awarding rates and evaluations, the researchers also investigated the language use in the instructions and forms used to assess the quality of applications. This clearly revealed the occurrence of gendered language. The words that are used to indicate quality are frequently words that were established in previous research as referring mainly to the male gender stereotype (such as challenging and excellent). Romy van der Lee explains: ―As a result, it appears that men more easily satisfy the assessment criteria, becausethese better fit the characteristics stereotypically associated with men.‖In response to the results of this research, NWO will devote more attention to the gender awareness of reviewers in its methods and procedures. It will also be investigated which changes to the assessment procedures and criteria can most strongly contribute to more equal chances for men and women to obtain research funding. This will include an examination of the language used by NWO. NWO chair Jos Engelens said, ―The research has yielded valuable results and insights. Based on the recommendations made by the researchers we will therefore focus in the coming period on the development of evidence-based measures to reduce the difference in awarding rates.‖74. Van der Lee and Ellemers carried out the research to find out whether ____________.A. women are less successful than men in top academic positionsB. female applicantsare at a disadvantage in getting research fundingC. NOW‘s procedures and gender diversity policy enhance fair playD. there are equal chances for men and women to be admitted to a university75. Van der Lee and Ellemers‘ study shows that _____________.A. grant receivers were more likely to get appointments at universitiesB. men applicantsfor research funding outnumbered women applicantsC. the research proposals of women are equally treated with those of menD. the reviewers have narrow, prejudiced conceptions of women candidates76. What might be the main cause for the differences in awarding rates and evaluations?A. The wordsused in the instructions and forms.B. T he reviewers‘ preference to applications.C. The methods and procedures for evaluation.D. The vague and unclear assessment criteria.77. What will NWO probably do next in response to the results of this research?A. Eliminate possibilities for difference in awarding rates.B. Design a language examination for all the reviewers.C. Emphasize the importance of gender awareness.D. Improve the assessment procedures and criteria.Keys: 74-77 BCADSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was written about the contributions of women during the colonial period and the early history of the newly formed United States. Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power, women were not considered an important force in history. Anne Bradstreet wrote some significant poetry in the seventeenth century, Mercy Otis Warren produced the best contemporary history of the American Revolution, and Abigail Adams penned important letters showing she exercised great political influence over her husband, John, the second President of the United States. But little or no notice was taken of these contributions. During these centuries, women remained invisible in history books.Throughout the nineteenth century, this lack of visibility continued, despite the efforts of female authors writing about women. These writers, like most of their male counterparts, were amateur historians. Their writings were celebratory in nature, and they were uncritical in their selection and use of sources.During the nineteenth century, however, certain feminists(女权主义者) showed a keen sense of history by keeping records of activities in which women were engaged. National, regional, and local women‘s organizations assembled accounts of their doings. Personal correspondence (通信), newspaper clippings, and souvenirs were saved and stored. These sources from the core of the two greatest collections of women‘s history in the United States, one at the Eliz abeth and ArthurSchlesinger Library at RadclifféCollege, and the other the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College. Such sources have provided valuable materials for later generations of historians.Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during the nineteenth century, most of the writing about women conformed to the ―great women‖ theory of history, just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on ―great men‖. To demonstrate that women were making significant contributions to American life, female authors singled out women leaders and wrote biographies, or else important women produced their autobiographies. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women‘s right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary woman. The lives of ordinary people continued, generally, to be untold in the American histories being published.74. What is the passage mainly about?A. The role of literature in early American histories.B. The place of American women in written histories.C. The keen sense of history shown by American women.D. The ―great women‖ approach to history used by American historians.75. In the 1st paragraph, Bradstreet, Warren, and Adams are mentioned to show that ________.A. a woman‘s status was changed by marriageB. even the contributions of outstanding women were ignoredC. only three women were able to get their writing publishedD. poetry produced by women was more readily accepted than other writing by women76. In the 2nd paragraph, what weakness in 19th-century histories does the author point out?A. They put too much emphasis on daily activities.B. They left out discussion of the influence of money on politics.C. They were printed on poor-quality paper.D. The sources of the information they were based on were not necessarily accurate.77. What use was made of the 19th-century women‘s history materials in the Schlesinge rLibrary and the Sophia Smith Collection?A. They were combined and published in a multivolume encyclopedia.B. They formed the basis of college courses in the nineteenth century.C. They provided valuable information for twentieth-century historical researchers.D. They were shared among women‘s colleges throughout the United States.Keys: 74-77 BBDCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)What we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother to mold the character of her unborn child by studying poetry, art, or mathematics during pregnancy seem totally impossible. How could such extremely complex influences pass from the mother to the child? There is no connection between their nervous systems. Even the blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly. An emotional shock to the mother will affect her child, because it changes the activity of her glands (腺体) and so the chemistry of her blood. Any chemical change in the mother's blood will affect the child for better or worse. But we can not see how a looking for mathematics or poetic genius can be dissolved in blood and produce a similar liking or genius in the child.In our discussion of instincts we saw that there was reason to believe that whatever we inherit must be of some very simple sort rather than any complicated or very definite kind of behavior. It is certain that no one inherits a knowledge of mathematics. It may be, however, that children inherit more or less of a rather general ability that we may call intelligence. If very intelligent children become deeply interested in mathematics, they will probably make a success of that study.As for musical ability, it may be that what is inherited is an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar。
(完整word版)杨浦区2016高三英语二模试卷及答案
杨浦区2015学年度高三年级英语二模2016. 4 II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passagescoherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fitseach blank.(A)Data suggests the majority of women who smoke (25) ______(try) to quit if they findout they’re pregnant, but it’s unclear whether they keep it up after they’ve givenbirth. A new study adds to the evidence, (26) ______(show) that nearly half of women who kick the habit while pregnant will become smokers once again.The new report, (27) ______(publish) Tuesday in the journal Addiction, looked at 27 different trials that attempted to help pregnant women quit smoking. The researchers took a closer look at (28) ______ these women stayed non-smokers six months after giving birth. They found that among the women who were offered some sort of smoking cessation intervention（停止干预）, 13% were able to quit sometime during the pregnancy and remain abstinent（节制的）when they delivered. The other 87% of women either tried to quit and were not able to do so, (29) ______ they did not attempt to kick the habit. Of (30) ______ 13% that did quit, the researchers found that 43% started smoking again by six months.“Most pregnant smokers do not achieve abstinence from smoking while they arepregnant, and among those that do, most (31) ______ re-start smoking within 6 months of childbirth,”the study authors write. “This would suggest that (32) ______ large amounts of health-care expenditure on smoking cessation, few women and their offspring gain the maximum benefits of cessation.”(B)New statistics have been released today that show gang crimes are on the increasein the UK. They also show that there has been a rise in teenagers (33) ______(arrest) for crimes such as burglary and shoplifting. Many people feel that, (34) ______nothing is done soon, this problem is likely to get worse.Mo re and more children are turning to gangs because they don’t know anything different. These children are often from broken families (35) ______ _____ there is no father figure. Our idea involves (36) ______(identify) children between the ages of five and eleven who we feel are at risk. We then assign these children to police officers who act as mentors. The officers meet up with the children once a week to do the normalthings that most children of their age do.We know that children as young as seven have been used by gangs (37) ______(carry)their weapons. One of the biggestproblems is peer pressure. A lot of these children feel that, because all their friends are in gangs, they should be too. If we can show thesechildren that there are other options, we hope they (38) ______(not persuade) to join thegangs. We’ve been experimenting with the scheme for six months in the London area and the results are very(39) ______ (encourage). We will probably take the idea to other cities throughout the UK next year. If we are successful, then we will see (40) _____ (few) young children turning to crime and these neighbourhoods will be made safer for everyone.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.She praised Rousseff's leadership in organizing the whole of Brazilian society in a campaign to destroy the mosquito's __49__ places in urban areas and in cooperating with other countries in the research and development of diagnostic tools and a vaccine."The Zika virus is very __50__. We should expect this to be a long journey," she said. "Based on what I have seen here, I can tell you: the mosquito is difficult, but it cannot beat Brazil," Chan said.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.There are many things parents can do to help children with autism (自闭症) overcome their challenges. Learning all you can about autism and getting __51__ in treatment will go a long way toward helping your child. Additionally, the following tips will make daily home life easier for both you and your autistic child:•Be consistent（一致的）. Children with autism have a hard time __52__ what they’ve learned if there is a change of setting. For example, your child may use sign language at school to communicate, but never think to do so at home. Creating __53__ in your child’s environment is the best way to reinforce learning. Find out what your child’s therapists are doing and continue their techniques at home.Explore the __54__ of having therapy take place in more than one place in order to encourage your child to __55__ what he or she has learned from one environment to another. It’s also important to be consistent in the way you __56__ with your child and deal with challenging behaviors.•__57__ a schedule. Children with autism tend to do best when they have a highly-structured schedule or routine. Again, this goes back to the consistency they both need and crave. Set up a schedule for your child, with __58__ times for meals, therapy, school, and bedtime. Try to keep disturbance to this routine to a __59__. If there is an unavoidable schedule change, prepare your child for it __60__.•__61__ good behavior. Positive reinforcement can go a long way with children with autism, so make an effort to “catch them doing something good.” Praise them when they act appropriately or learn a new skill, being very __62__ about what behavior they’re being praised for.•Pay attention to your child’s sensory sensitivities. Many children with autism are hypersensitive to light, sound, touch, taste, and smell. Other children with autism are “under-sensitive” to sensory stimuli. __63__ what sights, sounds, smells and movements cause your kid’s “bad” or disruptive behaviors and what brings about a(n) __64__ response. If you understand what affects your child, you’ll bebetter at solving problems, preventing situations that cause difficulties, and creating __65__ experiences.51. A. encouraged B. balanced C. absorbed D. involved52. A. applying B. devoting C. communicating D. appealing53. A. attraction B. comfort C. steadiness D. attention54. A. possibility B. goal C. process D. solution55. A. transplant B. transfer C. transport D. transform56. A. meet B. interact C. negotiate D. associate57. A. Draw up B. Arrange for C. Work out D. Stick to58. A. regular B. flexible C. appropriate D. normal59. A. decrease B. mystery C. minimum D. secret60. A. without doubt B. in private C. without notice D. in advance61. A. Control B. Perform C. Reward D. Maintain62. A.curious B. specific C. particular D. anxious63. A. Figure out B. Account for C. Put up D. Take on64. A. automatic B. immediate C. positive D. quick65. A. frustrating B. successful C. professional D. unpleasantSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in thepassage you have just read.(A)It’s fight night in Berlin club. The lights go down, the door opens and out walks a salesman from San Francisco. David “Double D” Depto has travelled 8,000 kilometres in search of glory. As he first walks, then jogs, towards the boxing ring, the muscular, bare-chested American looks cool and confident. But so does his opponent. Waiting for him in the blue corner is Frank Stoldt, a tall, strong German policeman, who calls himself “Anti-Terror Frank”. For obvious reasons, the crowd is on his side.The bell rings. Round one! The fighters come out. But then, something rather strange happens. The two players sit down at a table which has a chessboard on it and start playing chess – in the middle of the boxing ring.“Why?” you may ask yourself. Well, this is chessboxing, and tonight is the final of the first chessboxing World Championship.The rules of a chessboxing match are simple. There is one round of chess and thenone round of boxing. Punching power alternates with brain power. All in all, you have 11 rounds in which to checkmate your opponent – or knock him out.Two sports in one means double the pain, and double the pressure. Before this big fight, Frank spent hours doing exercises that prepared his mind as well as his muscles. Winners in chessboxing are people whose mental strength equals their physical strength.But why do it in the first place? Why put yourself through this physical and mental torture? For David Depto, it’s all about proving that you can be a boxer and still have a brain. The sport has taken off in Germany, where they are preparing the next generation of chessboxing champions. It’s even being taught in a Berlin school.Back in the ring, it is round seven and the players are locked in battle around the chessboard, sweat pouring from their foreheads. Suddenly, Frank Stoldt sees an opening and moves in to finish the match. Queen to G7… checkmate!The referee stops the match, the crowd erupts– the local hero has won and is given the world title belt, which proves that, when it comes to mixing brains and muscle, Germany really is the Grand Master.66. Why is it “obvious” that the crowd wants Frank Stoldt to win?A. He is a policeman.B. He has powerful muscle.C. He is a host player.D. He fights against terrorism.67. What’s the way in which a match can finish?A. Either checkmate the opponent or knock him out.B. One of the players gives up or is sent to hospital.C. The referee counts down eight to zero in the round of chess.D. The player finds the opening into the court which is locked.68. What’s TRUE about chessboxing?A. Compared with boxing, it means half danger and half stress.B. It requires more mental strength than physical strength.C. The sport is popular in Germany, where it is a school subject.D. The players play chess in the middle of the boxing ring.69. The underlined word “erupt” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.A. leave the stadiumB. burst into cheersC. interrupt the ceremonyD. fight with the opposing fans(B)Hot Air Balloon Sydney For 2, Weekend Flight INCLUDES FULL GOURMET BREAKFA ST• Hot Air Balloon Flight for 2 (there will be others in the balloon basket with you) •NOTHING MORE TO PAY ON THE DAY! YOUR FULL GOURMET BREAKFAST ISINCLUDED IN THE PRICE• Travel with the Tourism Award winners with over 20 years of experience •Float over beautiful Hawkesbury Valley•Colour flight certificateExperience the wonder of a Hot Air Balloon Flight for 2 people. Rising before dawn, you can join the crew in unpacking and preparing the balloon for flight - which is a spectacle in itself! After an exciting launch, you'll drift with the wind silently over the parklands, homes and hills of the Hawkesbury region of Sydney. Hot Air Ballooning begins in the cool, still hours of the early morning, when the air is more stable. The launch site, determined by the weather on the morning, will be in or around the beautiful Hawkesbury Valley. The adventure begins by inflating （使…充气） the balloon using a giant portable fan. Once the balloon starts to take shape the burner is lit, heating the air inside. The hot air inside is lighter than the cool air outside and this is what creates the lift and why it is called a Hot Air Balloon. Passengers are welcome to assist the pilot and crew with inflating the hot air balloon at the launch site, which only takes about 20 minutes.The Hot Air Balloon Flight for 2 is both picturesque and peaceful. You hear very little sound from the awakening world below. TheItem: HO12955TA Location: WindsorSydney Our Price:。