河南工业大学汽车理论VB绘制汽车驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图_汽车功率平衡图。.

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1-3汽车的驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图

1-3汽车的驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图1-3 汽车的驱动力-行驶阻力平衡图HBQY一、驱动力—行驶阻力图二、驱动力—行驶阻力图的应用三、动力特性图湖北汽车工业学院汽车工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile一、驱动力?行驶阻力图HBQY汽车行驶方程式：Ft = F f + Fw + Fi + F j2 Ttq i g ioηT C D Au a du 或：= Gf cosα + G sin α + + δm r dt 21.15上式表明了驱动力在各行驶阻力上的分配情况，将这种分配关系用图来表示，即为驱动力?行驶阻力平衡图。

湖北汽车工业学院汽车工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile驱动力-行驶阻力平衡图HBQY将汽车行驶方程式用图解法来进行分析，从而确定汽车的动力性。

湖北汽车工业学院汽车工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile驱动力-行驶阻力平衡图HBQY作图方法分两步： 1. 作出Ft-ua曲线 2. 作出(Ff+Fw)-ua曲线(Ff+Fw)-ua的作法: 若已知G、f、CD、A，假定汽车以不同车速等速行驶按下式算出等速行驶时的总阻力值，将结果在图上描点连线即得。

F f + Fw = Gf +2 C D Au a21.15湖北汽车工业学院汽车工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile二.驱动力-行驶阻力图的应用HBQY1、确定汽车的最高车速2、确定汽车的剩余驱动力3、确定汽车的加速能力4、确定汽车的爬坡能力湖北汽车工业学院汽车工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile1、确定汽车的最高车速HBQYa) 若汽车最高挡驱动力Ft5 与Ff+Fw 曲线有交点，则交点处的车速即为汽车最高车速uamax。

第三节汽车的驱动力—行驶阻力平衡图与动力特性图

第三节汽车的驱动力---行驶阻力汽车的驱动力--行驶阻力平衡图与动力特性图
汽车的驱动力—行驶阻力平衡图与动力特性行驶阻力平衡图与动力特性图第三节汽车的驱动力行驶阻力平衡图与动力特性图
本节将通过作图法确定汽车动力性指标。本节将通过作图法确定汽车动力性指标。
汽车的驱动力—行驶阻力平衡图与动力特性行驶阻力平衡图与动力特性图第三节汽车的驱动力行驶阻力平衡图与动力特性图
由动力特性图确定动力性评价指标 δdu δdu = f +i + D =ψ +
gdt
gdt
1）计算最高车速
du =0 dt dt
最高车速
i =0
D= f
f
uamax
汽车的驱动力—行驶阻力平衡图与动力特性行驶阻力平衡图与动力特性图第三节汽车的驱动力行驶阻力平衡图与动力特性图
2）计算爬坡度）
α = arcsin
F −(F + F ) t f w G
i=tanα 可以做出爬坡度图。可以做出爬坡度图。
汽车的驱动力—行驶阻力平衡图与动力特性行驶阻力平衡图与动力特性图第三节汽车的驱动力行驶阻力平衡图与动力特性图
二、动力特性图
F = F + F + F + Fj t f i w
δdu F −F t w =ψ + G gdt
奥迪A4 轿车驱动力—行驶阻力平衡图奥迪轿车驱动力行驶阻力平衡图
8 00 0 7 00 0
6 00 0 Ft 1 5 00 0 Ft 2 Ft 3 4 00 0 Ft 4 Ft 5 3 00 0 Ft 6 Ff +F w 2 00 0
F /N
1 00 0

汽车理论大作业

Tq(N*m)
n(r/min)
Tq(N*m)
n(r/min)
Tq(N*m)
600
106.6211
1800
174.1665
3000
169.7305
700
119.4071
1900
174.7145
3100
168.7753
800
130.3742
2000
174.947
3200
167.6796
900
139.6984
2100
174.9295
3300
166.398
1000
147.5465
2200
174.718
3400
164.8759
1100
154.0762
2300
174.3595
3500
163.0495
1200
159.4357
2400
173.8915
3600
160.8456
1300
163.7643
2500
173.3425
变速器传动比Ig（数据如下表）
1档
2档
3档
4档
5档
4档变速器
6.03
3.03
1.67
1
----
轴距L=3.2m
质心至前轴距离(满载) a=1.947m
质心高(满载) hg=0.9m
第二题：
第三题：
计算
1.确定一轻型货车的动力性能
1.1绘制汽车驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图
1.1.1发动机转矩
1.汽油发动机使用外特性的Tq-n曲线拟合公式为：Tq=-19.313+295.27(n/1000)-165.44(n/1000)2+40.874(n/1000)3-3.8455(n/1000)4

汽车理论matlab作业之欧阳德创编

一、确定一轻型货车的动力性能。

1）绘制汽车驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图；2）求汽车最高车速与最大爬坡度；3）绘制汽车行驶加速度倒数曲线；用计算机求汽车用Ⅱ档起步加速行驶至 70km/h 所需的加速时间。

已知数据略。

（参见《汽车理论》习题第一章第3题）解题程序如下:用Matlab语言(1)绘制汽车驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图m1=2000; m2=1800; mz=3880;g=9.81; r=0.367; CdA=2.77; f=0.013; nT=0.85;ig=[5.56 2.769 1.644 1.00 0.793]; i0=5.83;If=0.218; Iw1=1.798; Iw2=3.598;Iw=2*Iw1+4*Iw2;for i=1:69n(i)=(i+11)*50;Ttq(i)=-19.313+295.27*(n(i)/1000)-165.44*(n(i)/1000)^2+40.874*(n(i)/1000)^3-3.8445*(n(i)/1000)^4;endfor j=1:5for i=1:69Ft(i,j)=Ttq(i)*ig(j)*i0*nT/r;ua(i,j)=0.377*r*n(i)/(ig(j)*i0);Fz(i,j)=CdA*ua(i,j)^2/21.15+mz*g*f;endendplot(ua,Ft,ua,Ff,ua,Ff+Fw)title('汽车驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图'); xlabel('ua(km/h)');ylabel('Ft(N)');gtext('Ft1')gtext('Ft2')gtext('Ft3')gtext('Ft4')gtext('Ft5')gtext('Ff+Fw')(2)求最大速度和最大爬坡度for k=1:175n1(k)=3300+k*0.1;Ttq(k)=-19.313+295.27*(n1(k)/1000)-165.44*(n1(k)/1000)^2+40.874*(n1(k)/1000)^33.8445*(n1(k)/1000)^4;Ft(k)=Ttq(k)*ig(5)*i0*nT/r;ua(k)=0.377*r*n1(k)/(ig(5)*i0);Fz(k)=CdA*ua(k)^2/21.15+mz*g*f;E(k)=abs((Ft(k)-Fz(k)));endfor k=1:175if(E(k)==min(E))disp('汽车最高车速=');disp(ua(k));disp('km/h');endendfor p=1:150n2(p)=2000+p*0.5;Ttq(p)=-19.313+295.27*(n2(p)/1000)-165.44*(n2(p)/1000)^2+40.874*(n2(p)/1000) ^3-3.8445*(n2(p)/1000)^4;Ft(p)=Ttq(p)*ig(1)*i0*nT/r;ua(p)=0.377*r*n2(p)/(ig(1)*i0);Fz(p)=CdA*ua(p)^2/21.15+mz*g*f;af(p)=asin((Ft(p)-Fz(p))/(mz*g));endfor p=1:150if(af(p)==max(af))i=tan(af(p));disp('汽车最大爬坡度=');disp(i);endend汽车最高车速=99.0679km/h汽车最大爬坡度=0.3518（3）计算2档起步加速到70km/h所需时间for i=1:69n(i)=(i+11)*50;Ttq(i)=-19.313+295.27*(n(i)/1000)-165.44*(n(i)/1000)^2+40.874*(n(i)/1000)^3-3.8445*(n(i)/1000)^4;endfor j=1:5for i=1:69deta=1+Iw/(mz*r^2)+If*ig(j)^2*i0^2*nT/(mz*r^2); ua(i,j)=0.377*r*n(i)/(ig(j)*i0);a(i,j)=(Ttq(i)*ig(j)*i0*nT/r-CdA*ua(i,j)^2/21.15-mz*g*f)/(deta*mz);if(a(i,j)<=0)a(i,j)=a(i-1,j);endif(a(i,j)>0.05)b1(i,j)=a(i,j);u1(i,j)=ua(i,j);elseb1(i,j)=a(i-1,j);u1(i,j)=ua(i-1,j);endb(i,j)=1/b1(i,j);endendx1=u1(:,1);y1=b(:,1);x2=u1(:,2);y2=b(:,2);x3=u1(:,3);y3=b(:,3);x4=u1(:,4);y4=b(:,4);x5=u1(:,5);y5=b(:,5);plot(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x4,y4,x5,y5); title('加速度倒数时间曲线');axis([0 120 0 30]);xlabel('ua(km/h)');ylabel('1/aj');gtext('1/a1')gtext('1/a2')gtext('1/a3')gtext('1/a4')gtext('1/a5')for i=1:69A=ua(i,3)-ua(69,2);if (A<1&A>0)j=i;endB=ua(i,4)-ua(69,3);if(B<2&B>0)k=i;endif(ua(i,4)<=70)m=i;endendt=ua(1,2)*b(1,2);for p1=2:69t1(p1)=(ua(p1,2)-ua(p1-1,2))*(b(p1,2)+b(p1-1,2))*0.5;t=t+t1(p1);endfor p2=j:69t2(p2)=(ua(p2,3)-ua(p2-1,3))*(b(p2,3)+b(p2-1,3))*0.5;t=t+t2(p2);endfor p3=k:mt3(p3)=(ua(p3,4)-ua(p3-1,4))*(b(p3,4)+b(p3-1,4))*0.5;t=t+t3(p3);endt=t+(ua(j,3)-ua(69,2))*b(69,2)+(ua(k,4)-ua(69,3))*b(69,3)+(70-ua(m,4))*b(m,4);tz=t/3.6;disp('加速时间=');disp(tz);disp('s');加速时间=29.0585s二、计算与绘制题1 中货车的1）汽车功率平衡图； 2）最高档与次高档的等速百公里油耗曲线。

汽车理论习题Matlab程序

1.3 确定一轻型货车的动力性能（货车可装用4挡或5挡变速器，任选其中的一种进行整车性能计算）：1）绘制汽车驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图。

2）求汽车最高车速，最大爬坡度及克服该坡度时相应的附着率。

3）绘制汽车行驶加速度倒数曲线，用图解积分法求汽车用2档起步加速行驶至70km/h 的车速－时间曲线，或者用计算机求汽车用2档起步加速行驶至70km/h 的加速时间。

轻型货车的有关数据：汽油发动机使用外特性的Tq-n 曲线的拟合公式为23419.313295.27()165.44()40.874() 3.8445()1000100010001000q n n n n T =-+-+- 式中，Tq 为发动机转矩（N•m ）;n 为发动机转速（r/min ）。

发动机的最低转速n min =600r/min,最高转速n max =4000r/min 。

装载质量 2000kg整车整备质量 1800kg总质量 3880kg车轮半径 0.367m传动系机械效率 ηt =0.85滚动阻力系数 f =0.013空气阻力系数×迎风面积 C D A =2.77m 2主减速器传动比 i 0=5.83飞轮转动惯量 I f =0.218kg•m 2二前轮转动惯量 I w1=1.798kg•m 2四后轮转动惯量 I w2=3.598kg•m 2质心至前轴距离（满载） a=1.974m质心高（满载） hg=0.9m解：Matlab 程序：(1) 求汽车驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图和汽车最高车速程序：n=[600:10:4000];Tq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000).^2+40.874*(n/1000).^3-3.8445*(n/1000).^4;m=3880;g=9.8;nmin=600;nmax=4000;G=m*g;ig=[5.56 2.769 1.644 1.00 0.793];nT=0.85;r=0.367;f=0.013;CDA=2.77;i0=5.83; L=3.2;a=1.947;hg=0.9;If=0.218;Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598;Ft1=Tq*ig(1)*i0*nT/r;Ft2=Tq*ig(2)*i0*nT/r;Ft3=Tq*ig(3)*i0*nT/r;Ft4=Tq*ig(4)*i0*nT/r;Ft5=Tq*ig(5)*i0*nT/r;ua1=0.377*r*n/ig(1)/i0;ua2=0.377*r*n/ig(2)/i0;ua3=0.377*r*n/ig(3)/i0;ua4=0.377*r*n/ig(4)/i0;ua5=0.377*r*n/ig(5)/i0;ua=[0:5:120];Ff=G*f;Fw=CDA*ua.^2/21.15;Fz=Ff+Fw;plot(ua1,Ft1,ua2,Ft2,ua3,Ft3,ua4,Ft4,ua5,Ft5,ua,Fz);title('驱动力-行驶阻力平衡图');xlabel('ua(km/s)');ylabel('Ft(N)');gtext('Ft1'),gtext('Ft2'),gtext('Ft3'),gtext('Ft4'),gtext('Ft5'),gtext('Ff+Fw'); zoom on;[x,y]=ginput(1);zoom off;disp('汽车最高车速=');disp(x);disp('km/h');汽车最高车速=99.3006km/h(2)求汽车最大爬坡度程序：n=[600:10:4000];Tq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000).^2+40.874*(n/1000).^3-3.8445*(n/10 00).^4;m=3880;g=9.8;nmin=600;nmax=4000;G=m*g;ig=[5.56 2.769 1.644 1.00 0.793];nT=0.85;r=0.367;f=0.013;CDA=2.77;i0=5.83;L=3.2;a=1.947;hg=0.9;If=0.218;Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598;Ft1=Tq*ig(1)*i0*nT/r;ua1=0.377*r*n/ig(1)/i0;Ff=G*f;Fw1=CDA*ua1.^2/21.15;Fz1=Ff+Fw1;Fi1=Ft1-Fz1;Zoom on;imax=100*tan(asin(max(Fi1/G)));disp('汽车最大爬坡度=');disp(imax);disp('%');汽车最大爬坡度=35.2197%(3)求最大爬坡度相应的附着率和求汽车行驶加速度倒数曲线程序：clearn=[600:10:4000];Tq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000).^2+40.874*(n/1000).^3-3.8445*(n/10 00).^4;m=3880;g=9.8;nmin=600;nmax=4000;G=m*g;ig=[5.56 2.769 1.644 1.00 0.793];nT=0.85;r=0.367;f=0.013;CDA=2.77;i0=5.83;L=3.2;a=1.947;hg=0.9;If=0.218;Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598;Ft1=Tq*ig(1)*i0*nT/r;Ft2=Tq*ig(2)*i0*nT/r;Ft3=Tq*ig(3)*i0*nT/r;Ft4=Tq*ig(4)*i0*nT/r;Ft5=Tq*ig(5)*i0*nT/r;ua1=0.377*r*n/ig(1)/i0;ua2=0.377*r*n/ig(2)/i0;ua3=0.377*r*n/ig(3)/i0;ua4=0.377*r*n/ig(4)/i0;ua5=0.377*r*n/ig(5)/i0;Fw1=CDA*ua1.^2/21.15;Fw2=CDA*ua2.^2/21.15;Fw3=CDA*ua3.^2/21.15;Fw4=CDA*ua4.^2/21.15;Fw5=CDA*ua5.^2/21.15;Ff=G*f;deta1=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r^2)+(If*ig(1)^2*i0^2*nT)/(m*r^2); deta2=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r^2)+(If*ig(2)^2*i0^2*nT)/(m*r^2); deta3=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r^2)+(If*ig(3)^2*i0^2*nT)/(m*r^2); deta4=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r^2)+(If*ig(4)^2*i0^2*nT)/(m*r^2); deta5=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r^2)+(If*ig(5)^2*i0^2*nT)/(m*r^2); a1=(Ft1-Ff-Fw1)/(deta1*m);ad1=1./a1;a2=(Ft2-Ff-Fw2)/(deta2*m);ad2=1./a2;a3=(Ft3-Ff-Fw3)/(deta3*m);ad3=1./a3;a4=(Ft4-Ff-Fw4)/(deta4*m);ad4=1./a4;a5=(Ft5-Ff-Fw5)/(deta5*m);ad5=1./a5;plot(ua1,ad1,ua2,ad2,ua3,ad3,ua4,ad4,ua5,ad5);axis([0 99 0 10]);title('汽车的加速度倒数曲线');xlabel('ua(km/h)');ylabel('1/a');gtext('1/a1');gtext('1/a2');gtext('1/a3');gtext('1/a4');gtext('1/a5'); a=max(a1);af=asin(max(Ft1-Ff-Fw1)/G);C=tan(af)/(a/L+hg*tan(af)/L);disp('假设后轮驱动，最大爬坡度相应的附着率=');disp(C);假设后轮驱动，最大爬坡度相应的附着率=0.4219(4) >>clearnT=0.85;r=0.367;f=0.013;CDA=2.77;i0=5.83;If=0.218;Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598;L=3.2;a=1.947;hg=0.9;m=3880;g=9.8;G=m*g; ig=[5.56 2.769 1.644 1.00 0.793];nmin=600;nmax=4000;u1=0.377*r*nmin./ig/i0;u2=0.377*r*nmax./ig/i0;deta=0*ig;for i=1:5deta(i)=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r^2)+(If*(ig(i))^2*i0^2*nT)/(m*r^2);endua=[6:0.01:99];N=length(ua);n=0;Tq=0;Ft=0;inv_a=0*ua;delta=0*ua;Ff=G*f;Fw=CDA*ua.^2/21.15;for i=1:Nk=i;if ua(i)<=u2(2)n=ua(i)*(ig(2)*i0/r)/0.377;Tq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000)^2+40.874*(n/1000)^3-3.8445*(n/100 0)^4;Ft=Tq*ig(2)*i0*nT/r;inv_a(i)=(deta(2)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i));delta(i)=0.01*inv_a(i)/3.6;elseif ua(i)<=u2(3)n=ua(i)*(ig(3)*i0/r)/0.377;Tq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000)^2+40.874*(n/1000)^3-3.8445*(n/100 0)^4;Ft=Tq*ig(3)*i0*nT/r;inv_a(i)=(deta(3)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i));delta(i)=0.01*inv_a(i)/3.6;elseif ua(i)<=u2(4)n=ua(i)*(ig(4)*i0/r)/0.377;Tq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000)^2+40.874*(n/1000)^3-3.8445*(n/100 0)^4;Ft=Tq*ig(4)*i0*nT/r;inv_a(i)=(deta(4)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i));delta(i)=0.01*inv_a(i)/3.6;elsen=ua(i)*(ig(5)*i0/r)/0.377;Tq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000)^2+40.874*(n/1000)^3-3.8445*(n/1000)^4;Ft=Tq*ig(5)*i0*nT/r;inv_a(i)=(deta(5)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i));delta(i)=0.01*inv_a(i)/3.6;enda=delta(1:k);t(i)=sum(a);endplot(t,ua);axis([0 80 0 100]);title('汽车2档原地起步换挡加速时间曲线');xlabel('时间t （s ）');ylabel('速度ua （km/h ）');>> ginputans =25.8223 70.073725.7467 70.0737所以汽车2档原地起步换挡加速行驶至70km/h 的加速时间约为25.8s2.7已知货车装用汽油发动机的负荷特性与万有特性。

汽车理论课后习题Matlab程序-2

2000kg1800kg3880kg0.367mn =0.85f=0.013CDA=2.77m 2i0=5.83If=0.218kg ?m 2Iw1 =1.798kg ?m 21.3确定一轻型货车的动力性能（货车可装用 4挡或5挡变速器，任选其中的一种进行整车性能计算）：1 ）绘制汽车驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图。

2 ）求汽车最高车速，最大爬坡度及克服该坡度时相应的附着率。

3）绘制汽车行驶加速度倒数曲线，用图解积分法求汽车用 2档起步加速行驶至70km/h 的车速一时间曲线，或者用计算机求汽车用 2档起步加速行驶至 70km/h 的加速时间。

轻型货车的有关数据:汽油发动机使用外特性的Tq-n 曲线的拟合公式为 T q19.313 295.27（-^） 165.44（-^ ）240.874（-^）33.8445（-^）4q1000 1000 1000 1000式中，Tq 为发动机转矩（N?m ） ;n 为发动机转速（r/min ）。

发动机的最低转速 n min =600r/min,最高转速n max =4000r/min 。

装载质量整车整备质量总质量车轮半径传动系机械效率滚动阻力系数空气阻力系数X 迎风面积主减速器传动比飞轮转动惯量二前轮转动惯量四后轮转动惯量a=1.974mhg=0.9mI w2=3.598kg ?m 2变速器传动比ig （数据如下表）轴距 L=3.2m质心至前轴距离（满载）质心高（满载）解：Matlab 程序：(1) 求汽车驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图和汽车最高车速程序： n=[600:10:4000];Tq=-19.313+295.27*( n/1000)-165.44*(门/1000)八2+40.874*(门/1000)八3-3 .8445*( n/1000).A4;m=3880;g=9.8; nmi n=600; nm ax=4000; G=m*g;ig=[5.56 2.769 1.644 1.000.793]; nT=0.85;r=0.367;f=0.013;CDA=2.77;i0=5.83; L=3.2;a=1.947;hg=0.9;lf=0.218;lw1= 1.798;Iw2=3.598; Ft 仁 Tq*ig(1)*i0* nT/r; Ft2=Tq*ig(2)*i0* nT/r;Ft3=Tq*ig(3)*i0* nT/r;Ft4=Tq*ig(4)*i0*nT/r;Ft5=Tq*ig(5)*i0*nT/r;ua1=0.377*r*n/ig(1)/i0;ua2=0.377*r*n/ig(2)/i0;ua3=0.377*r*n/ig(3)/i0;ua4=0.377*r*n/ig(4)/i0;ua5=0.377*r*n/ig(5)/i0;ua=[0:5:120];Ff=G*f;Fw=CDA*ua.A2/21.15;Fz=Ff+Fw;plot(ua1,Ft1,ua2,Ft2,ua3,Ft3,ua4,Ft4,ua5,Ft5,ua,Fz);title(' 驱动力 -行驶阻力平衡图 ');xlabel('ua(km/s)');ylabel('Ft(N)');gtext('Ft1'),gtext('Ft2'),gtext('Ft3'),gtext('Ft4'),gtext('Ft5'),gtext('Ff +Fw'); zoom on;[x,y]=ginput(1);zoom off;disp(' 汽车最高车速 =');disp(x);disp('km/h'); 汽车最高车速 =99.30061.00km/h(2) 求汽车最大爬坡度程序: n=[600:10:4000];Tq=-19.313+295.27*( n/1000)-165.44*(门/1000)八2+40.874*(门/1000)八3-3.8445*( n/1000).A4;m=3880;g=9.8; nmi n=600; nm ax=4000; G=m*g; ig=[5.562.7691.6440.793]; nT=0.85;r=0.367;f=0.013;CDA=2.77;i0=5.83; L=3.2;a=1.947;hg=0.9;lf=0.218;lw1= 1.798;Iw2=3.598; Ft 仁 Tq*ig(1)*i0* nT/r;ua1=0.377*r*n/ig(1)/i0;Ff=G*f;Fw仁CDA*ua"2/21.15;Fz1=Ff+Fw1;Fi1=Ft1-Fz1;Zoom on;imax=100*tan(asin(max(Fi1/G)));disp(' 汽车最大爬坡度 =');disp(imax);disp('%');汽车最大爬坡度 =35.2197%(3) 求最大爬坡度相应的附着率和求汽车行驶加速度倒数曲线程序：clearn=[600:10:4000];Tq=-19.313+295.27*( n/1000)-165.44*(门/1000)八2+40.874*(门/1000)八3-3 .8445*(门/1000)八4;m=3880;g=9.8;nmin=600;nmax=4000;G=m*g;1.00ig=[5.56 2.769 1.6440.793];nT=0.85;r=0.367;f=0.013;CDA=2.77;i0=5.83;L=3.2;a=1.947;hg=0.9;If=0.218;Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598;Ft1=Tq*ig(1)*i0*nT/r;Ft2=Tq*ig(2)*i0*nT/r;Ft3=Tq*ig(3)*i0*nT/r;Ft4=Tq*ig(4)*i0*nT/r;Ft5=Tq*ig(5)*i0*nT/r;ua1=0.377*r*n/ig(1)/i0;ua2=0.377*r*n/ig(2)/i0;ua3=0.377*r*n/ig(3)/i0;ua4=0.377*r*n/ig(4)/i0;ua5=0.377*r*n/ig(5)/i0;Fw仁CDA*ua"2/21.15;Fw2=CDA*ua2.A2/21.15;Fw3=CDA*ua3.A2/21.15;Fw4=CDA*ua4.A2/21.15;Fw5=CDA*ua5.A2/21.15;Ff=G*f;deta1=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*rA2)+(If*ig(1)A2*i0A2*nT)/(m*rA2); deta2=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*rA2)+(If*ig(2)A2*i0A2*nT)/(m*rA2); deta3=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*rA2)+(If*ig(3)A2*i0A2*nT)/(m*rA2); deta4=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*rA2)+(If*ig(4)A2*i0A2*nT)/(m*rA2);deta5=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*rA2)+(If*ig(5)A2*i0A2*nT)/(m*rA2);a1=(Ft1-Ff-Fw1)/(deta1*m);ad1=1./a1;a2=(Ft2-Ff-Fw2)/(deta2*m);ad2=1./a2;a3=(Ft3-Ff-Fw3)/(deta3*m);ad3=1./a3;a4=(Ft4-Ff-Fw4)/(deta4*m);ad4=1./a4;a5=(Ft5-Ff-Fw5)/(deta5*m);ad5=1./a5;plot(ua1,ad1,ua2,ad2,ua3,ad3,ua4,ad4,ua5,ad5);axis([0 99 0 10]);title(' 汽车的加速度倒数曲线 ');xlabel('ua(km/h)');ylabel('1/a');gtext('1/a1');gtext('1/a2');gtext('1/a3');gtext('1/a4');gtext(' 1/a5');a=max(a1);af=asin(max(Ft1-Ff-Fw1)/G);C=tan(af)/(a/L+hg*tan(af)/L);disp(' 假设后轮驱动，最大爬坡度相应的附着率 =');disp(C);假设后轮驱动，最大爬坡度相应的附着率 =0.4219(4) >>clearnT=0.85;r=0.367;f=0.013;CDA=2.77;i0=5.83;lf=0.218;lw1=1.798;lw2=3.598;L=3.2;a=1.947;hg=0.9;m=3880;g=9.8;G=m*g; ig=[5.56 2.769 1.644 1.00 0.793]; nmin=600;nm ax=4000; u1=0.377*r* nmin ./ig/i0;u2=0.377*r* nm ax./ig/i0;deta=0*ig;for i=1:5deta(i)=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r A2)+(If*(ig(i))A2*i0A2* nT)/(m*r A2);end ua=[6:0.01:99];N=le ngth(ua); n=0;Tq=0;Ft=0;inv_a=0*ua;delta=0*ua;Ff=G*f;Fw=CDA*ua.A2/21.15;for i=1:Nk=i;if ua(i)<=u2(2)n=ua(i)*(ig(2)*i0/r)/0.377;Tq=-19.313+295.27*( n/1000)-165.44*( n/1000F2+40.874*( n/1000F3-3. 8445* (n/1000)A4;Ft=Tq*ig(2)*i0*nT/r;inv_a(i)=(deta(2)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i));delta(i)=0.01*inv_a(i)/3.6;elseif ua(i)<=u2(3)n=ua(i)*(ig(3)*i0/r)/0.377;Tq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000)A2+40.874*(n/1000)A3-3. 8445*(n/1000)A4;Ft=Tq*ig(3)*i0*nT/r;inv_a(i)=(deta(3)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i));delta(i)=0.01*inv_a(i)/3.6;elseif ua(i)<=u2(4)n=ua(i)*(ig(4)*i0/r)/0.377;Tq=-19.313+295.27*( n/1000)-165.44*( n/1000F2+40.874*( n/1000F3-3. 8445* (n/1000)A4;Ft=Tq*ig(4)*i0*nT/r;inv_a(i)=(deta(4)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i));delta(i)=0.01*inv_a(i)/3.6;elsen=ua(i)*(ig(5)*i0/r)/0.377;Tq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000)A2+40.874*(n/1000)A3-3.8445*(n/1000)A4;Ft=Tq*ig(5)*i0*nT/r;inv_a(i)=(deta(5)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i));delta(i)=0.01*inv_a(i)/3.6;enda=delta(1:k);t(i)=sum(a);endplot(t,ua);axis([0 80 0 100]);title(' 汽车2档原地起步换挡加速时间曲线 ');xlabel('时间t (s)');ylabel('速度ua (km/h )');>> ginput ans =25.8223 70.073725.7467 70.0737所以汽车2档原地起步换挡加速行驶至70km/h的加速时间约为25.8s2.7已知货车装用汽油发动机的负荷特性与万有特性。

汽车驱动力行驶阻力平衡图

加速度：a j
du dt
1
m
(Ft
Ff
Fw )
则加速度倒数曲线为
dt du t du
aj
aj
aj
du dt
Fj m
离散化处理后t t u aj
5/18
或者a j
du dt
ds ds
du dt
udu 1
ds m (Ft Ff Fw )
ds u du s udu
aj
a j1
1
aj4
u 1 m / s
3.6
图1－27 加速度倒数曲线
ua
8/18
由驱动力、滚动阻力和空气阻力，就可按行驶方程式计算加速度及其倒数，从而求得加速时间或者加速距离。
Ttq Ttq1 Ttq2 Ttq3 … … Ttqm
n
n1 n2 n3 … … n1m
Ft
Ft1 Ft2 Ft3 … … Ftm I 档
动力因数 D Ft Fw du
G
g dt
16/18
动力因数D
D1max
imax或i
g
du dt
D f i du
g dt
i0 max
D0 max
f
图1 30
汽车动力特性图及用途
17/18
umax
在求imax时，ddut 0 D f i imax DImax f DImax f cosmax sin max
mg 通常用坡度i表示
i tg tg[arcsin Ft (Ff Fw ) ]
mg
13/18
Ft mg
坡度i
100%
imax tg
tg (arcsin

汽车的驱动力-行驶阻力平衡图

最高车速的确定
加速时间的确定
最大爬坡度的确定
du g (D f ) dt
DImax f 1 DI2max f 2 max arcsin 1 f 2
精确
D1max
动力因数 D
imax
i0 max
D0 max
f
umax
汽车动力特性图及用途
du 在求imax时， 0 D f i dt imax DIm ax f DIm ax f cos max sin max cos max 1 sin max
2. 加速能力
加速时间的确定
最低稳定车速
一定的距离（0～400m）一定的速度（80％umax）
加速时间

加速能力它用aj,但aj不方便评价。通常用加速时间或加速距离来评价。
du 1 加速度：a j ( Ft F f Fw ) dt m du du dt t aj aj
1 dt du a
t dt
0
t
u2
u1
1 du A a
矩形积分 1/a ~ ua 曲线加速时间
1/ a j
速度ua
加速时间曲线
1 a j1
1 a j2
1 a j3
1 a j4

加速度倒数曲线
ua
BJ130汽车的加速时间曲线
☆手工计算时,一般忽略原地起步过程的
离合器打滑过程.即假设在最初时刻，汽车已具备起步换档所需的最低车速。 ☆换档时刻的确定：若I-II加速度曲线相交，则规定在交点处换档；若I-II的加速度曲线不相交，则规定在发动机最高转速处换档；换档时间一般忽略不计（正态分布t=0.2~0.4s)。 ☆计算加速时间的用途：确定汽车加速能力；传动系最佳匹配；合理选择发动机的排量。

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3.2 实验记录（核心代码及调试过程）1.核心代码：'.............驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图Private Sub Command1_Click()Picture1.DrawWidth = 1Picture1.ClsDim i, j, n As IntegerDim Ft, Ff, Fw, Umax, Uumax As SinglePicture1.Scale (-20, 18000)-(150, -2000)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(125, 0): Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 16000)Picture1.CurrentX = 125: Picture1.CurrentY = -300: Picture1.Print "Ua(km/h)"Picture1.CurrentX = 125: Picture1.CurrentY = 192: Picture1.Print "→"Picture1.CurrentX = 5: Picture1.CurrentY = 16000: Picture1.Print "F/N"Picture1.CurrentX = -2: Picture1.CurrentY = 16000: Picture1.Print "↑"Picture1.CurrentX = -5: Picture1.CurrentY = -1: Picture1.Print "0"For i = 20 To 120 Step 20Picture1.Line (i, 0)-(i, 200)Picture1.CurrentX = i - 5: Picture1.CurrentY = -10: Picture1.Print iNext iFor i = 1000 To 15000 Step 1000Picture1.Line (0, i)-(1.5, i)Picture1.CurrentX = -15: Picture1.CurrentY = i + 50: Picture1.Print iNext iPicture1.DrawWidth = 2For n = 600 To 4000Tq = -19.313 + 295.27 * (n / 1000) - 165.44 * (n / 1000) ^ 2 + 40.874 * (n / 1000) ^ 3 - 3.8445 * (n / 1000) ^ 4For j = 1 To 5Ft = Tq * i0 * ηt * x(j) / rFf = f * 9.8 * mUa = 0.377 * r * n / (i0 * x(j))Fw = 0.5 * 1.2258 * ca * (Ua / 3.6) ^ 2Picture1.Circle (Ua, Ft), 0.1, vbBluePicture1.Circle (Ua, (Ff + Fw)), 0.1, vbRedUmax = UmaxIf Ua > Umax ThenUmax = UaElseUmax = UmaxEnd IfNext jNext nUumax = CInt(Umax * 100) / 100Picture1.CurrentX = 40: Picture1.CurrentY = 16000: Picture1.Print "最高车速为："; Uumax; "km/h"End Sub'...........动力特性图Private Sub Command3_Click()Picture1.DrawWidth = 1Picture1.ClsDim i, j, n As IntegerDim Ft, Fw, D As SinglePicture1.Scale (-20, 90)-(150, -10)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(125, 0): Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 85)Picture1.CurrentX = 125: Picture1.CurrentY = -3: Picture1.Print "Ua(km/h)"Picture1.CurrentX = 125: Picture1.CurrentY = 0.9: Picture1.Print "→"Picture1.CurrentX = 5: Picture1.CurrentY = 85: Picture1.Print "D"Picture1.CurrentX = -2: Picture1.CurrentY = 85: Picture1.Print "↑"Picture1.CurrentX = -5: Picture1.CurrentY = -1: Picture1.Print "0"For i = 20 To 120 Step 20Picture1.Line (i, 0)-(i, 1)Picture1.CurrentX = i - 5: Picture1.CurrentY = -1: Picture1.Print iNext iFor i = 20 To 80 Step 20Picture1.Line (0, i)-(2, i)Picture1.CurrentX = -10: Picture1.CurrentY = i + 1: Picture1.Print "0"; i / 200Next iPicture1.DrawWidth = 2For n = 600 To 4000For j = 1 To 5Tq = -19.313 + 295.27 * (n / 1000) - 165.44 * (n / 1000) ^ 2 + 40.874 * (n / 1000) ^ 3 - 3.8445 * (n / 1000) ^ 4Ft = Tq * i0 * ηt * x(j) / rUa = 0.377 * r * n / (i0 * x(j))Fw = 0.5 * 1.2258 * ca * (Ua / 3.6) ^ 2D = 200 * (Ft - Fw) / (m * 9.8)If D > 0 ThenPicture1.Circle (Ua, D), 0.1, vbBlueEnd IfNext jNext nEnd Sub'.............功率平衡图Private Sub Command4_Click()Picture1.DrawWidth = 1Picture1.ClsDim i, j, n As IntegerDim Pe, Pf, Pw As SinglePicture1.Scale (-20, 80)-(150, -10)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(125, 0): Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 75)Picture1.CurrentX = 125: Picture1.CurrentY = -3: Picture1.Print "Ua(km/h)"Picture1.CurrentX = 125: Picture1.CurrentY = 0.9: Picture1.Print "→"Picture1.CurrentX = 5: Picture1.CurrentY = 75: Picture1.Print "Pe/kw"Picture1.CurrentX = -2: Picture1.CurrentY = 75: Picture1.Print "↑"Picture1.CurrentX = -5: Picture1.CurrentY = -1: Picture1.Print "0"For i = 20 To 120 Step 20Picture1.Line (i, 0)-(i, 1)Picture1.CurrentX = i - 5: Picture1.CurrentY = -1: Picture1.Print iNext iFor i = 10 To 70 Step 10Picture1.Line (0, i)-(2, i)Picture1.CurrentX = -10: Picture1.CurrentY = i + 1: Picture1.Print iNext iPicture1.DrawWidth = 2For n = 600 To 4000For j = 1 To 5Tq = -19.313 + 295.27 * (n / 1000) - 165.44 * (n / 1000) ^ 2 + 40.874 * (n / 1000) ^ 3 - 3.8445 * (n / 1000) ^ 4Pe = Tq * n / 9550Ua = 0.377 * r * n / (i0 * x(j))Pf = (m * f * Ua / 3600) / ηtPw = (ca * Ua ^ 3 / 76140) / ηtPicture1.Circle (Ua, Pe), 0.1, vbBluePicture1.Circle (Ua, (Pf + Pw)), 0.1, vbRedNext jNext nEnd Sub'...........外特性曲线Private Sub Command5_Click()Picture1.DrawWidth = 1Picture1.ClsDim i, n As IntegerDim Pe As SinglePicture1.Scale (-400, 250)-(5000, -20)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(4500, 0): Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 200)Picture1.CurrentX = 4300: Picture1.CurrentY = -3: Picture1.Print "n(r/min)"Picture1.CurrentX = 4500: Picture1.CurrentY = 3: Picture1.Print "→"Picture1.CurrentX = 100: Picture1.CurrentY = 200: Picture1.Print "Ttq(N*m)"Picture1.CurrentX = 100: Picture1.CurrentY = 80: Picture1.Print "Pe(kw)"Picture1.CurrentX = -60: Picture1.CurrentY = 205: Picture1.Print "↑"Picture1.CurrentX = -5: Picture1.CurrentY = -1: Picture1.Print "0"For i = 500 To 4000 Step 500Picture1.Line (i, 0)-(i, 3)Picture1.CurrentX = i - 200: Picture1.CurrentY = -1: Picture1.Print iNext iFor i = 20 To 180 Step 20Picture1.Line (0, i)-(50, i)Picture1.CurrentX = -300: Picture1.CurrentY = i + 3: Picture1.Print iNext iPicture1.DrawWidth = 2For n = 600 To 4000Tq = -19.313 + 295.27 * (n / 1000) - 165.44 * (n / 1000) ^ 2 + 40.874 * (n / 1000)^ 3 - 3.8445 * (n / 1000) ^ 4Pe = Tq * n / 9550Picture1.Circle (n, Pe), 2, vbRed Picture1.Circle (n, Tq), 2, vbBlue Next nEnd Sub2.数据图表：驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图：动力特性图：爬坡度图：发动机外特性曲线：发动机功率平衡图：3.2 实验记录（核心代码及调试过程）1.核心代码：'.........加速度的倒数曲线Private Sub Command7_Click()Picture1.DrawWidth = 1Picture1.ClsDim i, j, n As IntegerDim Ff, Ft, Fw, a, δ As SinglePicture1.Scale (-20, 160)-(150, -10)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(125, 0): Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 150)Picture1.CurrentX = 125: Picture1.CurrentY = -3: Picture1.Print "Ua(km/h)"Picture1.CurrentX = 125: Picture1.CurrentY = 1.8: Picture1.Print "→"Picture1.CurrentX = 5: Picture1.CurrentY = 150: Picture1.Print "1/a"Picture1.CurrentX = -2: Picture1.CurrentY = 150: Picture1.Print "↑"Picture1.CurrentX = -5: Picture1.CurrentY = -1: Picture1.Print "0"For i = 20 To 120 Step 20Picture1.Line (i, 0)-(i, 1.5)Picture1.CurrentX = i - 5: Picture1.CurrentY = -1: Picture1.Print iNext iFor i = 10 To 140 Step 10Picture1.Line (0, i)-(2, i)Picture1.CurrentX = -10: Picture1.CurrentY = i + 1: Picture1.Print i / 10Next iPicture1.DrawWidth = 2For n = 600 To 4000For j = 1 To 5Tq = -19.313 + 295.27 * (n / 1000) - 165.44 * (n / 1000) ^ 2 + 40.874 * (n / 1000) ^ 3 - 3.8445 * (n / 1000) ^ 4Ft = Tq * i0 * ηt * x(j) / rUa = 0.377 * r * n / (i0 * x(j))Fw = 0.5 * 1.2258 * ca * (Ua / 3.6) ^ 2Ff = f * 9.8 * mδ = 1 + Iw / (m * r ^ 2) + If1 * x(j) ^ 2 * i0 ^ 2 * ηt / (m * r ^ 2) a = (Ft - Ff - Fw) / (δ * m)If a > 0 ThenPicture1.Circle (Ua, 10 / a), 0.1, vbBlueEnd IfNext jNext nEnd Sub'..............直接挡加速时间曲线Private Sub Command8_Click()Picture1.DrawWidth = 1Picture1.ClsDim i, n As IntegerDim Ff, Ft, Fw, a, δ, t, tt As SinglePicture1.Scale (-10, 90)-(60, -10)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(55, 0): Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 75)Picture1.CurrentX = 53: Picture1.CurrentY = -3: Picture1.Print "t(s)"Picture1.CurrentX = 55: Picture1.CurrentY = 0.9: Picture1.Print "→"Picture1.CurrentX = 2: Picture1.CurrentY = 75: Picture1.Print "Ua(km/h)"Picture1.CurrentX = -0.7: Picture1.CurrentY = 75: Picture1.Print "↑"Picture1.CurrentX = -3: Picture1.CurrentY = -1: Picture1.Print "0"For i = 10 To 50 Step 10Picture1.Line (i, 0)-(i, 1)Picture1.CurrentX = i - 1.5: Picture1.CurrentY = -1: Picture1.Print iNext iFor i = 10 To 70 Step 10Picture1.Line (0, i)-(1, i)Picture1.CurrentX = -5: Picture1.CurrentY = i + 1: Picture1.Print iNext it = 0For Ua = 0 To 70 Step 0.01n = Ua * i0 * x(4) / 0.377 / rIf n >= 600 ThenTq = -19.313 + 295.27 * (n / 1000) - 165.44 * (n / 1000) ^ 2 + 40.874 * (n / 1000) ^ 3 - 3.8445 * (n / 1000) ^ 4Ft = Tq * i0 * ηt * x(4) / rFw = 0.5 * 1.2258 * ca * (Ua / 3.6) ^ 2Ff = f * 9.8 * mδ = 1 + Iw / (m * r ^ 2) + If1 * x(4) ^ 2 * i0 ^ 2 * ηt / (m * r ^ 2)a = (Ft - Ff - Fw) / (δ * m)t = t + 1 * 0.01 / a / 3.6Picture1.Circle (t, Ua), 0.1, vbBlueEnd IfNext Uatt = CInt(t * 100) / 100Picture1.CurrentX = 15: Picture1.CurrentY = 80: Picture1.Print "0-70（km/h）直接挡加速时间为："; tt; "s"End Sub2.数据图表：加速度曲线图：加速度倒数曲线：直接挡加速时间图：3.2 实验记录（核心代码及调试过程）1.核心代码'.........最高挡百公里耗油量Private Sub Command1_Click()Dim n(1 To 8), B0(1 To 8), B1(1 To 8), B2(1 To 8), B3(1 To 8), B4(1 To 8)n(1) = 815: n(2) = 1207: n(3) = 1614: n(4) = 2012: n(5) = 2603: n(6) = 3006: n(7) = 3403: n(8) = 3804B0(1) = 1326.8: B0(2) = 1354.7: B0(3) = 1284.4: B0(4) = 1122.9: B0(5) = 1141#: B0(6) = 1051.2: B0(7) = 1233.9: B0(8) = 1129.7B1(1) = -416.46: B1(2) = -303.98: B1(3) = -189.75: B1(4) = -121.59: B1(5) = -98.893: B1(6) = -73.714: B1(7) = -84.478: B1(8) = -45.291B2(1) = 72.379: B2(2) = 36.657: B2(3) = 14.524: B2(4) = 7.0035: B2(5) = 4.4763: B2(6) = 2.8593: B2(7) = 2.9788: B2(8) = 0.71113B3(1) = -5.8629: B3(2) = -2.0553: B3(3) = -0.51184: B3(4) = -0.18517: B3(5) = -0.091077: B3(6) = -0.05138: B3(7) = -0.047449: B3(8) = -0.00075215B4(1) = 0.17768: B4(2) = 0.043072: B4(3) = 0.0068164: B4(4) = 0.0018555: B4(5) = 0.00068906: B4(6) = 0.00035032: B4(7) = 0.0002823: B4(8) = -0.000038568Picture1.Scale (-10, 50)-(150, -10)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(120, 0): Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 45)Picture1.CurrentX = 120: Picture1.CurrentY = -3: Picture1.Print "Ua(km/h)"Picture1.CurrentX = 120: Picture1.CurrentY = 1: Picture1.Print "→"Picture1.CurrentX = 5: Picture1.CurrentY = 45: Picture1.Print "Qs(L/100km)"Picture1.CurrentX = -2.5: Picture1.CurrentY = 46: Picture1.Print "↑"Picture1.CurrentX = -3: Picture1.CurrentY = -1: Picture1.Print "0"For i = 20 To 100 Step 20Picture1.Line (i, 0)-(i, 1)Picture1.CurrentX = i - 6: Picture1.CurrentY = -1: Picture1.Print iNext iFor i = 10 To 40 Step 10Picture1.Line (0, i)-(3, i)Picture1.CurrentX = -12: Picture1.CurrentY = i + 1: Picture1.Print iNext ig = 3880 * 9.8f = 0.013CdA = 2.77ηt = 0.85i0 = 5.83r = 0.367Uamin = 0.377 * r * n(1) / (0.793 * i0)Qmin = 100Picture1.DrawWidth = 2For ua = Uamin To 100 Step 0.01Pe = (g * f * ua / 3600 + CdA * ua ^ 3 / 76140) / ηtnn = 0.793 * i0 * ua / (0.377 * r)For i = 1 To 7If nn >= n(i) And nn <= n(i + 1) ThenB0B0 = B0(i) + (B0(i + 1) - B0(i)) * (nn - n(i)) / (n(i + 1) - n(i))B1B1 = B1(i) + (B1(i + 1) - B1(i)) * (nn - n(i)) / (n(i + 1) - n(i))B2B2 = B2(i) + (B2(i + 1) - B2(i)) * (nn - n(i)) / (n(i + 1) - n(i))B3B3 = B3(i) + (B3(i + 1) - B3(i)) * (nn - n(i)) / (n(i + 1) - n(i))B4B4 = B4(i) + (B4(i + 1) - B4(i)) * (nn - n(i)) / (n(i + 1) - n(i))End IfNext iBe = B0B0 + B1B1 * Pe + B2B2 * Pe ^ 2 + B3B3 * Pe ^ 3 + B4B4 * Pe ^ 4Qs = Pe * Be / (1.02 * 7 * ua)Picture1.PSet (ua, Qs), vbBlueIf Qs < Qmin ThenQmin = QsUj = uaEnd IfNext uaText1.Text = CInt(Uj * 100) / 100Text2.Text = CInt(Qmin * 100) / 100End Sub'..............次高挡百公里耗油量Private Sub Command2_Click()Picture1.ClsPicture1.DrawWidth = 1Dim n(1 To 8), B0(1 To 8), B1(1 To 8), B2(1 To 8), B3(1 To 8), B4(1 To 8)n(1) = 815: n(2) = 1207: n(3) = 1614: n(4) = 2012: n(5) = 2603: n(6) = 3006: n(7) = 3403: n(8) = 3804B0(1) = 1326.8: B0(2) = 1354.7: B0(3) = 1284.4: B0(4) = 1122.9: B0(5) = 1141#: B0(6) = 1051.2: B0(7) = 1233.9: B0(8) = 1129.7B1(1) = -416.46: B1(2) = -303.98: B1(3) = -189.75: B1(4) = -121.59: B1(5) = -98.893: B1(6) = -73.714: B1(7) = -84.478: B1(8) = -45.291B2(1) = 72.379: B2(2) = 36.657: B2(3) = 14.524: B2(4) = 7.0035: B2(5) = 4.4763: B2(6) = 2.8593: B2(7) = 2.9788: B2(8) = 0.71113B3(1) = -5.8629: B3(2) = -2.0553: B3(3) = -0.51184: B3(4) = -0.18517: B3(5) = -0.091077: B3(6) = -0.05138: B3(7) = -0.047449: B3(8) = -0.00075215B4(1) = 0.17768: B4(2) = 0.043072: B4(3) = 0.0068164: B4(4) = 0.0018555: B4(5) = 0.00068906: B4(6) = 0.00035032: B4(7) = 0.0002823: B4(8) = -0.000038568Picture1.Scale (-10, 50)-(150, -10)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(120, 0): Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 45)Picture1.CurrentX = 120: Picture1.CurrentY = -3: Picture1.Print "Ua(km/h)"Picture1.CurrentX = 120: Picture1.CurrentY = 1: Picture1.Print "→"Picture1.CurrentX = 5: Picture1.CurrentY = 45: Picture1.Print "Qs(L/100km)"Picture1.CurrentX = -2.5: Picture1.CurrentY = 46: Picture1.Print "↑"Picture1.CurrentX = -3: Picture1.CurrentY = -1: Picture1.Print "0"For i = 20 To 100 Step 20Picture1.Line (i, 0)-(i, 1)Picture1.CurrentX = i - 6: Picture1.CurrentY = -1: Picture1.Print iNext iFor i = 10 To 40 Step 10Picture1.Line (0, i)-(3, i)Picture1.CurrentX = -12: Picture1.CurrentY = i + 1: Picture1.Print iNext iPicture1.DrawWidth = 2m = 3880g = 3880 * 9.8f = 0.013CdA = 2.77ηt = 0.85i0 = 5.83r = 0.367Qmin = 100For ua = 25 To 100 Step 0.01Pe = (g * f * ua / 3600 + CdA * ua ^ 3 / 76140) / ηtnn = 0.793 * i0 * ua / (0.377 * r)For i = 1 To 7If nn >= n(i) And nn <= n(i + 1) ThenB0B0 = B0(i) + (B0(i + 1) - B0(i)) * (nn - n(i)) / (n(i + 1) - n(i)) B1B1 = B1(i) + (B1(i + 1) - B1(i)) * (nn - n(i)) / (n(i + 1) - n(i)) B2B2 = B2(i) + (B2(i + 1) - B2(i)) * (nn - n(i)) / (n(i + 1) - n(i)) B3B3 = B3(i) + (B3(i + 1) - B3(i)) * (nn - n(i)) / (n(i + 1) - n(i)) B4B4 = B4(i) + (B4(i + 1) - B4(i)) * (nn - n(i)) / (n(i + 1) - n(i)) End IfNext iBe = B0B0 + B1B1 * Pe + B2B2 * Pe ^ 2 + B3B3 * Pe ^ 3 + B4B4 * Pe ^ 4Qs = Pe * Be / (1.02 * 7 * ua)Picture1.PSet (ua, Qs), vbRedIf Qs < Qmin ThenQmin = QsUj = uaEnd IfNext uaText1.Text = CInt(Uj * 100) / 100Text2.Text = CInt(Qmin * 100) / 100End Sub2.数据图表：最高档等速百公里燃油消耗量曲线图：次高档等速百公里燃油消耗量曲线图：河南工业大学第页21。