物流与供应链管理 讲义(英译中)
物流专业英语UnitSupplychainPPT课件
What is supply chain management? Supply chain management (SCM) is concerned with the
integration, coordination and control of the flow of material, information and finances in supply chains.
产品是指一个单位在业务过程中向市场供应的物品(wùpǐn)。在下 面的生产品供应链中，产品指的是最终落入消费者手中的物品 (wùpǐn)。（未完再续）
第第1十5五页页，/共共444页4。页
（Continued续）It may be a new car, a television set, a tin of beans, etc. Other possible products include new buildings, roads or transport services and there will be associated with each of these a supply chain that describes the process by which they are delivered to the buyer.
第第2二1十页一页/，共共444页4。页
1. Answer the following questions in English:
第第2二2十页二页/，共共444页4。页
1）What is the definition of a supply chain?
A supply chain is a complex logistics system in which raw materials are converted into finished products and then distributed to end users (consumers or companies)
《物流与供应链管理》英文教学大纲doc
The Teaching Syllabus of Logistics & Supply Chain Management Code：09220Course：Logistics & Supply Chain ManagementEarlier Courses: College English, Management, Economics, Management Information SystemClass Sessions：32 （teaching）Ⅰ. The Nature and Tasks of This CourseThis course is a Chinese& English bilingual course of all undergraduate students in the school of business. Along with the acceleration of the economic modernization, there would be increasing demands on modern logistic technology and equipment in China. So, there is an increasing demand on special talents who both grasp the theory and practice on logistics & supply chain management and can communicate in Chinese and English. The goal of this course is to fit in with the needs of the social development. On the base of college English and part of the specialty courses, make the students study the basic concept, principle theories and methods, understand the new developments, new ideas and new technologies, and the newest research achievements. Prepare students for further study and research on Logistics & Supply Chain Management.Students should also grasp terms on Logistics & Supply Chain Management and understand the characteristics of scientific English. Through exercising, students should master some skills of translation scientific English, improve reading and translation abilities in English. Cultivate students’ ability of positively reading foreign country’s newest scienti fic information.Ⅱ. The Basic Requirements, Major & Difficult Points and Distribution of Class Sessions1.Introduction to Logistics（2 sessions）Basic Requirements: grasp the basic concepts, roles, functions and working styles of modern logistics. At the same time, grasp relevant specialty English terms and abbreviate words.Major Points: the basic concepts of modern logistics.Difficult Points: the fundamental working styles of logistics.2.Procurement（2 sessions）Basic Requirements: grasp the concept of procurement and the factors influencing the procurement costs. Understand the application of procurement system and the procedure of signing a procurement contract.Major Points: the factors influencing the procurement costs.Difficult Points: the application of procurement system.3.Marketing（2 sessions）Basic Requirements: grasp the concept of logistics marketing, understand PEST analysis methods, 4Ps theories and SWOT, and other management analysis tools.Major Points: the concept of logistics marketing.Difficult Points: PEST analysis.4.Logistics Information Management（2 sessions）Basic Requirements: grasp the concept of logistics information management; understand the logistics information concerned by strategy level, tactics level and operation level; understand the application of information management to logistics field and EDI to supply chain management; at the same time, grasp relevant specialty terms and abbreviate words.Major Points: the concept of logistics information management.Difficult Points: the application of information management to logistics field and EDI to supply chain management.5.Transportation Management（2 sessions）Basic Requirements: grasp the concept of logistic transportation; understand the type characteristics and nature of transportation.Major Points: the concept of logistic transportation.Difficult Points: the nature of transportation.6.Warehouse Management（2 sessions）Basic Requirements: grasp the key factors of warehouse and logistics distribution; understand constitutes of warehouse costs and the main ways of decreasing management costs; understand the basic process of warehouse and storage.Major Points: constitutes of warehouse costs.Difficult Points: the main ways of decreasing management costs.7.Stock Control（2 sessions）Basic Requirements: grasp the main deciding factors of maintain stock range; understand the A, B, C category methods; understand the discrimination and prediction of stock.Major Points: the main deciding factors of maintain stock range.Difficult Points: prediction of stock.8.Logistic Decision-Making（2 sessions）Basic Requirements: grasp the management styles of logistic decisionorganization; understand the three factors which must be considered during transmitting management intentions inner the organization.Major Points: the management styles of logistic decision organization.Difficult Points: the three factors which must be considered during transmitting management intentions inner the organization.9.Logistics/Supply-Chain Management（2 sessions）Basic Requirements: understand the characteristics of extensive enterprises and the tendency of supply chain management. At the same time, grasp relevant specialty English terms and abbreviate words.Major Points: the characteristics of extensive enterprises.Difficult Points: the concept of the third party logistics.10.Market Economy Solutions（2 sessions）Basic Requirements: understand how the promoted modes cut down hidden costs; understand the profit-making analysis of the push model and supply-chain management.Major Points: the push model.Difficult Points: the profit-making analysis of supply-chain management.work Economy Solutions Of SCM（2 sessions）Basic Requirements: grasp supply-chain the pull model and its vertical and horizontal range; understand the economical analysis of the pull model and its revenue.Major Points: supply-chain pulling modes.Difficult Points: the economical analysis of the pull model.12.Selecting Supply Chain Solution（2 sessions）Basic Requirements: grasp the selecting procedure of supply chain solution; understand how to select proper SCM technology according to products characteristics.Major Points: the selecting procedure of supply chain solution.Difficult Points: select proper SCM technology according to products characteristics.13.International Trade（2 sessions）Basic Requirements: grasp the control of freight train move in international trade; understand import and export procedure and its control; grasp relevant English specialty terms and abbreviate words.Major Points: the control of freight train move in international trade.Difficult Points: import and export procedure and its control.14.Logistics Best Practices（2 sessions）Basic Requirements: understand how to synthesize logistic activities into one department and to coordinate logistic activities in the whole supply-chain; understand how to centralize supply-chain management at the corporate level.Major& Difficult Points: the concept of best practices and how to centralize supply-chain management at the corporate level to realize the best practices of logistics.15.Best Practices Companies In SCM Action（2 sessions）Basic Requirements: to get to know some typical cases of best practices companies In SCM action and grasp some terms and abbreviations.16.Summary（2 sessions）Ⅲ. Requirements for AbilitiesAfter study this course, students should come to the following basic requirements:1、grasp international advanced theories and practices of logistics andsupply-chain management; understand basic components, models and methods of logistics and supply-chain.2、in an angle of globalization, understand the huge role of logistics and supply-chain completely; and can analyze relevant corporate problems by logistics and supply-chain methods.3、grasp basic English specialty vocabulary, terms and expressions of logistics and supply-chain management; have basic abilities of consulting relevant English materials.4、can express one’s primary opinions of logistics and supply-chain management in English; can fairly translate relevant materials precisely and proficiently.Ⅳ. Textbook and ReferencesLogistics and Supply Chain Management，Jiang Zhenjian, Lu Shan, Jing Haiou, Wuhan University of Technology Press, 2006Logistical Management：The Integrated Supply Chain Process，Bowersox，D.J，Closs，D.J.(1996)，McGraw-Hill，New York，NY.——《物流管理-供应链过程的一体化》，唐纳德·鲍尔索克斯，戴维·克劳斯著，林国龙等译，机械工业出版社，1999年Standards Of The People Republic Of China Logistics Terms, China Standard Press, He Mingke，Published By State Bureau Of Technical Supervision，2001 《现代物流与供应链管理——21世纪市场营销新知与案例丛书》，宋华，胡左浩．北京：经济管理出版社，2004.02Logistics And Supply-Chain Management: Theory And Practice, Zhao Lindu, Mechanical Industry Press，2003Logistics And Supply-Chain Management，Shen Wen, Yun Jun, Deng Aimin, The People’s Communication Press, 2002Modern Logistics And Supply-Chain Management，Peng Zhizhong, Shandong University Press, 2002Logistics And Supply-Chain Management，Zhu Daoli, Gong Guohua, Luo Qi, Fudan Unversity, 2001Supply-Chain Management，Ma Shihua, Chen Zhixiang, Mechanical Industry Press, 2000Strategic Supply Chain Alignment，John L. Gattorna，MPG Books Ltd，Bodmin，Cornwall，1998Logistics and Supply Chain Management-Strategies for Reducing Costs and Improving Services，Martin Christopher，Financial Times/Pitman Publishing，1994 Logistics Engineering and Management (4th Edition)，Benjamin S Blanchard，Prentice Hall，1992Ⅴ. Examination Form: open-book,written examinationⅥ. Relevant ExplanationsThis course fit for under-graduate students of all kinds of specialties in business administration. It must be offered after college English, management, economics, management information system, and other relevant specialty basic courses. Besides, this course is bilingual teaching course, and requires the students to have primary English vocabulary and oral ability.Ⅶ. Proposals and the Abstract of Course Reform1. This course is not simple specialty English study. In class, the teacher mustgive up boring and long translation. For those English specialty words and terms, the teacher should give their counterparts in Chinese directly, and increase the ratio of teaching in English gradually. So, the students can adapt to bilingual teaching gradually and increase their study interesting.2. In class, we suggest mutual communication between teacher and students to improve students’ initiative. The teacher should encourage students to partic ipate class activities to cultivate students the habits of expressing their opinions in specialty field.3. The teacher should introduce the new development to students.Compiler：Jiang Zhenjian Examiner：Gao Guiping Authorizer：Wang Haizi Date: Dec. 2006Brief Introduction of Logistics & Supply Chain Management Course：Logistics & Supply Chain ManagementCode：09220Brief Introduction: This course is a Chinese& English bilingual course of all undergraduate students in the school of business. Its goal is to fit for theeconomic globalization and the increasing demand for modern logistics andsupply-chain management. On the base of college English and part of thespecialty basic courses, make students study the primary concepts, theoriesand methods of modern logistics and supply-chain management, andunderstand the new developments, new ideas and new technologies. Preparestudents for further study and research on Logistics & Supply ChainManagement. At the same time, Students should also grasp many terms onLogistics & Supply Chain Management. Cultivate students’ ability ofpositively reading foreign country’s newest scientific information. Examination Form: open-book,written examinationTextbook and References:Textbook:Logistics and Supply Chain Management，Jiang Zhenjian, Lu Shan, Jing Haiou, Wuhan University of Technology Press, 2006References:Logistical Management：The Integrated Supply Chain Process，Bowersox，D.J，Closs，D.J.(1996)，McGraw-Hill，New York，NY.——《物流管理-供应链过程的一体化》，唐纳德·鲍尔索克斯，戴维·克劳斯著，林国龙等译，机械工业出版社，1999年Standards Of The People Republic Of China Logistics Terms, China Standard Press, He Mingke，Published By State Bureau Of Technical Supervision，2001 Logistics And Supply-Chain Management: Theory And Practice, Zhao Lindu, Mechanical Industry Press，2003Logistics And Supply-Chain Management，Shen Wen, Yun Jun, Deng Aimin, The People’s Communication Press, 2002Modern Logistics And Supply-Chain Management，Peng Zhizhong, Shandong University Press, 2002Logistics And Supply-Chain Management，Zhu Daoli, Gong Guohua, Luo Qi, Fudan Unversity, 2001Supply-Chain Management，Ma Shihua, Chen Zhixiang, Mechanical IndustryPress, 2000Strategic Supply Chain Alignment，John L. Gattorna，MPG Books Ltd，Bodmin，Cornwall，1998Logistics and Supply Chain Management-Strategies for Reducing Costs and Improving Services，Martin Christopher，Financial Times/Pitman Publishing，1994 Logistics Engineering and Management (4th Edition)，Benjamin S Blanchard，Prentice Hall，1992。
MIT的物流与供应链管理(英文PPT79页)
Manufacturer
PERSONAL PROFILE
SOFTWARE
MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation
<shoumen@>
Source: AMR Research 1999 October
20
15 10
Cห้องสมุดไป่ตู้M $ billion
1997
1999
MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation
<shoumen@>
Today’s discussion
UNCERTAINTY
SCM is managing uncertainty.
URL for powerpoint presentation /innovation
Education Course 1.270 / ESD.273
MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation
<shoumen@>
Nobel Prize in Economics 2002
(announced today, 09 Oct 2002)
"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty"
MIT Course 1.270 / ESD.273 (Fall 2002 MW 4:00-5:30 Rm 1-246)
物流与供应链管理【英文】
Judith Molka-Danielsen j.molka-danielsen@himolde.no http://home.himolde.no/~molka
Overview
Global value model for B2B systems (all) Logistics management/supply chain (ch10) Human Resource/support services (+ch10) Customer Relations Management (ch11) Manufacturing and process management (ch12) Financial management/EDI (+ch12)
LM-SCM Distribution Management
The distribution or demand chain is concerned with: – Speeding data acquisition – Controlling inventory, warehousing and shipping – Reducing paperwork It also includes invoice auditing and order tracking
B2B Inputs
Logistics Management
Manufacturing Process Management
Support Services Financiaer Management
Logistics Management Supply Chain Management
供应链管理(中英对照)
Supply Chain Management供应链管理The so-called supply chain, in fact, from suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, distribution centers and channels, and so constitute a logistics network. The same enterprise may constitute the different components of this network node, but the situation is different from a corporate network in different nodes. For example, in a supply chain, companies may not only in the same manufacturers, storage nodes, and in distribution centers, such as possession node location. In the more detailed division of labor, the higher the professional requirements of the supply chain, different nodes are basically composed by different enterprises. In the supply chain flows between the member units of raw materials, finished products, such as inventory and production constitutes the supply chain of goods flow.所谓供应链，其实就是由供应商、制造商、仓库、配送中心和渠道商等构成的物流网络。
物流与供应链管理(英文版)PPT课件(73页)
The objective should be to establish a chain of customers that links people at all levels in the organization directly or indirectly to the marketplace.
Chapter 2
The customer service dimension
Outline
The marketing and logistics interface What is customer service? Customer service and customer retention Service-driven logistics systems Setting customer service priorities Setting service standards Summary
从顾客角度出发，强调理解多重服务要素 的重要性。
Explains of the importance of customer retention and the life time value of a customer.
解释客户保持与客户终身价值的重要性。
Outlines the idea of a service-driven logistics system based upon identified service priorities and a customer based segmentation according to service requirement.
1.Pre-transaction elements
2.Transaction elements
《物流与供应链管理》读书笔记英文版
《物流与供应链管理》(LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT）Capsule summary of the book：The world changes unpredictably, which is dependent on the quick transformation of supply chain to adapt to the variational circumstances. This book focuses tightly on those variations mentioned above, emphasizing the problems that appear when enterprises attach importance to complicated management，as well as when forecast-driven business model transforms into demand—driven business model. Also，this book elaborates how to gives enterprises dominating and competitive superiority with effective logistics and supply chain management。
Chapter1 Logistics，the supply chain and competitive strategy1。
1 Supply chain management is a wider concept than logisticsOne goal of supply chain management might be to reduce or eliminate the buffers of inventory that exist between organizations in a chain through the sharing of information on demand and current stock levels. This is the concept of ‘Co—Managed Inventory’ (CMI）。
《物流实务英语》(英汉双语)
inventory
control,
information
processing, customer service must
execute together.
Summary本章小结
In this initial part a number of logistics definitions have been introduced. The important elements of logistics have been described, and these will be expanded in subsequent chapters of the book.
物流信息技术
Chapter1 Logistics物流
Chapter1 Logistics物流
● Part1 The definition of Logistics物流的定义 Part2 7R theory of logistics 物流“7R”理论 Part3 Main activities of logistics system 物流 系统的主要活动 Summary本章小结 Exercises 习题
Case Study
How a bottle of Coca Cola coke moves to an end consumer?
Learning Objective【学习目标】
● To learn the definition of logistics. ● To learn the 7R theory of logistics. ● To learn the activities in logistics源自 True or False 判断对错
1.There are a variety of definition about the term "logistics", each have slightly different meaning.
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物流及供应链管理课件
各种运输方式的成本比较
运输方式
铁路
固定成本
高(设备、轨道及场站)
可变成本
低
水路
公路 航空
适中(船舶、设备)
高(由政府投资) 低(飞机、搬运系统)
低(运量大)
适中(燃料、维修) 高(燃料、维修保养、劳动 力)
物流及供应链管理课件
运输定价简介
运输定价的相关因素：
1、运量：运费分级 2、运距：单一，比例，（增量）递减，分段 3、空间利用率：是指产品的具体尺寸及其对 运输工具的空间利用程度的影响。
物流及供应链管理
运输基础知识
物流及供应链管理课件
物流决策的三角形
库存战略： •预测 •仓储基础知识 •库存决策 •采购和供应决策 •仓储决策
运输战略： •运输基础知识
客户服务目标 • 产品 • 物流服务 • 信息系统
•运输决策
选址战略： •选址决策 •网络规划流程
运输是物流成本中最 大的单项成本，占物 流总成本的三分之一 到三分之二。
11艘姊妹船正在建造，最大可以装载18000个金属集装箱。
物流及供应链管理课件
各种运输方式的特征与比较（3） 公路运输的的优缺点
公路运输的优点是：
机动灵活； 运送速度快，可以实现 门到门运输； 投资少。
公路运输的主要缺点：
运输能力小； 运输能耗很高；
运输成本高；
铁路整车运输 航空货运
汽车零担运输 航空快递
汽车整车运输 驮背运输
物流及供应链管理课件
不同运输方式的变化率/平均运送时间
4.5
航空运输最不可靠，卡车运输最可靠。
运输变化率 /平均运送时间
4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0-49 100199 300399 500599 700- 1000- 1500- 2000- 2500- 3000799 1099 1599 2099 2599 3099 距离（英里）
美国ups现代物流作业系统
物流及供应链管理课件
UPS Presence in China
• 11 Representative Offices
Shenyang Dalian Beijing Qingdao Tianjin Suzhou Shanghai
• Extensive air/land connectivity
运输方式 铁路运输 卡车运输 水上运输 管道运输 航空运输 价格（美分/吨—英里） 2.28 最低 26.19 0.74 1.46 61.20 最高
物流及供应链管理课件
2、运输时间及变化率
运输时间：
货物从起点运输到讫点所耗费的平均时间。 运送时间的变化率： 各种运输方式下多次运输间出现的时间变化。 是衡量运输服务不确定性的指标。
Guangzhou Dongguan Shenzhen
Xiamen
• Deliver to every address
物流及供应链管理课件
谢谢大家！
物流及供应链管理课件
案例：UPS中国战略
背景：UPS是美国的知名联合包裹快递公司，对 客户的快递承诺是48小时。UPS自有货机265架， 租赁飞机319架，运送车辆88000辆，员工36万 （其中美国32万，国际4万）。2002年营业收入 313亿美金，运送量34亿件包裹及文件，日送达 量1330万件。 中国是UPS亚太地区长期发展中心，2003年将中 国区总部由香港迁至上海。现在UPS可以直航上 海、北京，上海24班/周，北京12班/周，比直航 前，缩短时间12小时。
铁路整车运输 航空货运
汽车零担运输 航空快递
汽车整车运输 驮背运输
物流及供应链管理课件
各种运输方式的特征与比较（1） 铁路运输的的优缺点
技术性能上，铁路运输的优 点： 运行速度快，时速一般在 80~120公里 运输能力大 铁路运输过程受自然条件 限制较小，连续性强，能 保证全年运行 通用性能好，可运送各类 不同的货物 平均运距较公路运输长。 经济指标上,铁路运输的优 点有： 铁路运输成本较低 能耗较低 铁路运输的缺点： 投资高
物流及供应链管理课件
不同运输方式的运送时间波动范围
25
运输时间波动范围（天）
20 15 10 5 0
铁路的运送时间变化最大，航空运 输最小，卡车运输介于中间。
0-49
100199
300399
500599
700- 1000- 1500- 2000- 2500- 3000799 1099 1599 2099 2599 3099 距离（英里）
劳动生产率低。 交通拥挤 环境污染严重
物流及供应链管理课件
各种运输方式的特征与比较（4） 航空运输的的优缺点
民航运输的优点：
运行速度快； 机动性能好。
缺点：
飞机造价高； 能耗大； 运输能力小； 成本高； 技术复杂。
物流及供应链管理课件
各种运输方式的特征与比较（5） 管道运输的的优缺点
物流及供应链管理课件
国际运输
以水运为主（贸易额的50%以上，贸易货物重量的99%）
路线选择所受限制较多
所需单据更多，风险更大，保护性包装增多 自由贸易区的作用： 物流中转站 免税区 加工点，延迟生产（柔性） 如同在国内生产 使商品的运输路线发生改变 运输代理、中介众多
物流及供应链管理课件
运输的方式，特征
五种基本运输方式：
水路，管道，铁路，卡车，航空 五种运输方式可以联合使用（载驳船或集装箱 运输）也可使用单一运输方式。 适用于所有运输服务的基本特征： 1、价格 2、运输时间及变化率 3、灭失损坏
物流及供应链管理课件
1、价格
不同运输服务的价格相差很大，五种运输方式 吨—英里成本：
物流及供应链管理课件
不同运输方式的平均运送时间
14 12
运输时间（天）
10 8 6 4 2 0 0-49 100199 300399 500599 700- 1000- 1500- 2000- 2500- 3000799 1099 1599 2099 2599 3099 距离（英里）
铁路整车运输 航空货运
水路运输的主要缺 点：
受自然条件影 响较大，难以 保证全年通航； 运送速度慢， 在途中的货物 多，会增加货 主的流动资金 占有量。
运输成本低
劳动生产率高 平均运距长 远洋运输是发展国际贸易的强大支柱，战时 又可以增强国防能力
物流及供应链管理课件
世界最大超级货轮——爱玛· 马士基号
物流及供应链管理课件运输成本 Nhomakorabea构 1、变动成本：
与每一次运送直接相关的运送费用，包括劳动成本、燃料费用、维修 保养费用等。
2、固定成本：
是指在短期内虽不发生变化，但又必须得到补偿的那些费用。对运输 企业而言，固定成本包括站点、信息系统及车辆成本等。
3、联合成本： 不同货物联合运输，各类的成本占多少？ 4、其他成本： 如路桥费或管理部门收取的费用，通常是按照装运数量分摊给托运人。
优点： 有效速度高； 运输能力大； 缺点： 适用范围很窄； 速度慢；
可靠。
物流及供应链管理课件
多式联运
不同运输方式间自由变化运输工具。
驮背运输（铁路运输+卡车运输）： 应用最广，长距离门到门 鱼背运输（卡车运输+水上运输） 集装箱：
8英尺× 8英尺×20英尺
8英尺× 8英尺×40英尺
物流及供应链管理课件
第六章 运输的基础知识
运输的作用与原理
各种运输方式的特征及其比较 运输成本结构 运输成本定价
物流及供应链管理课件
运输的作用与原理
运输的作用：克服产品生产与需求之间存在的空 间的差异。
通过位置移动，运输对产品进行了增值，实现 地点效用(Place utility)。 运输有时也意味着对产品进行临时储存。 运输基本原理: 1、规模经济 2、距离经济
物流及供应链管理课件
世界最大超级货轮——爱玛· 马士基号
能装载11000个巨大的金属集装箱； 在丹麦制造，隶属于丹麦著名的马士基海运公司； 长达397米，宽度达到56米（不适合穿过巴拿马运河）， 装满货物后有60多米高（12层的办公楼）； 通过现代化设备，卸下所有集装箱不超过一天时间； 只需要13名船员；
4、搬运的易难：特别的搬运设备则会提高总 的运输成本。
5、市场竞争：服务，品牌
物流及供应链管理课件
定价策略和费用的制定
按服务成本定价： 是一种“累积”的方法，承运人是根据提供这类服务的成本加上 毛利润来确定运输费率。这种服务成本方法代表了基本或最低的 运输收费，是对低价值货物或在高度竞争的情况下使用的一种定 价方法。 按运输价值定价： 按运输价值定价是根据托运人所能感觉到的服务价值，而不是实 际提供这种服务的成本来收取运费的。 综合定价： 在最低的服务成本和最大的运输（服务）价值之间来确定某种中 间水平的运价。大多数运输公司都使用这种中间值的运价。 费率是指特定的产品在两点之间运输时，单位重量产品的运输价 格。费率的制定一般有以下方法：分类费率/特殊费率/合同费率。
汽车零担运输 航空快递
汽车整车运输 驮背运输
物流及供应链管理课件
不同运输方式的平均运送时间
长途铁路和航空运输的平均运送时间趋于稳定
公路的运送时间在不断增加 600英里以上距离，航空运输是最快捷的运输方 式，其次是汽车整车运输、汽车零担运输、铁路 运输 600英里以内，航空运输与卡车运输的运送时间 相当 50英里以内运输，运输时间主要取决于拣货和送 货作业时间，而不是途中运送时间。
建设周期长