2015年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士考研真题、考研参考书推荐、考研经验

2015年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士考研真题汉语写作与百科知识一.名词解释（20个，40分）1唐装2打虎拍蝇3马航客机失联4十一税5西进运动6岐黄之术7启蒙运动8文艺复兴9甲午战争10信用卡112014西非埃博拉病毒疫情12堰塞湖13wifi14涂鸦15奥斯维辛集中营16银河系17三权分立18单独两孩19苏格兰公投20北回归线二.文言文段落翻译加中心思想赏析（不少于300字）屈原列传截取2段，岳阳楼记“先天下之忧而忧后天下之乐而乐”这一段又是史记文言文作文：三.议论文：船长精神（一则材料60年代的某船长在意外时冷静指挥疏散船上人员结果自己牺牲另一则材料即14年韩国轮船失事船长逃跑被判刑，以“船长精神”自主命题，写议论文）翻译硕士英语：作文题目：on self-confidence英语翻译基础：一.词条翻译：第一题第二题英翻中&中翻英共30个词条二.段落翻译：英译汉1mayor植树绿化城市环保措施2贫穷国家发展受阻发达国家发展快速3不同环境下人的生理适应状况汉译英1科技类2失去后才懂得珍惜（失去朋友才知道珍惜生病后才知道珍惜身体等）3习近平主席“一带一路”【One Belt and One Road】21世纪海上丝绸之路【21st Century Maritime Silk Road】丝绸之路经济带【the Silk Road Economic Belt】政府工作报告热词——宏观经济篇从紧货币政策tight monetary policy稳健财政政策prudent fiscal policy宏观经济调控macroeconomic regulation政府临时调控government interim intervention经济增长模式mode of economic development固定资产投资反弹a resurgence in fixed asset investment货币信贷投放仍然偏多continued excessive supplies of money and credit流动性过剩excessive liquidity转型过程transformation process行政手段administrative measures螺旋式通胀spiraling inflation通胀压力inflationary pressure抑制通胀to hold down inflation次贷危机subprime mortgage crisis经济剧烈波动drastic fluctuations in the economy经济过热economic overheating防止经济过热to prevent the economy from overheating促进结构调整和协调发展to promote structural adjustment and balanced development减轻弱势群体负担ease the burden on the disadvantaged group增加对薄弱环节、改善民生、深化改革等方面的支出to increase expenditures necessary"to shore up weak links,improve people's lives and deepen reform"政府工作报告热词——就业篇严厉打击非法用工to severely punish illegal employment加强劳动争议处理to improve the handling of labor disputes加强劳动保障监察to improve oversight for worker protection measures就业促进法Employment Promotion Law劳动合同法Labor Contract Law城镇登记失业率registered urban unemployment rate鼓励创业to encourage business startups公共就业服务体系public employment service system完善再就业扶持政策to improve the aid system for job seekers“零就业”家庭zero-employment families就业机会employment opportunities非农产业nonagricultural sectors失业保险制度unemployment insurance system劳动力总量大增a large increase in the total workforce支持创办小型企业to support citizens to establish small enterprises鼓励自谋职业和自主创业to encourage people to find jobs on their own or start their own businesses加强就业和创业培训to strengthen vocational training and training in how to start a business城乡劳动者平等就业制度an employment system that treats urban and rural workers equally落实促进残疾人就业政策to carry out policies to find more jobs for people with physical and mental disabilities建立帮助零就业家庭解决就业困难长效机制to create a permanent mechanism to helpzero-employment families find jobs通过加强就业和创业培训，鼓励自谋职业和自主创业，以及支持创办小型企业来扩大就业to expand employment"by encouraging and training business start-ups,strengthening job training,encouraging people to find jobs on their own,and supporting the establishment of small enterprises政府工作报告热词——国企篇国有企业state owned enterprises(SOEs)主要产业core business税收贡献tax contributions民航civil aviation所有制结构ownership structure发展大型粮食基地to develop large grain production bases国有资产所有权转移transferring ownership of state-owned assets完善所有制结构to improve ownership structure实行政策性关闭破产to carry out policy-mandated closures and bankruptcies建立国有资本经营预算制度to set up a budget system for managing state capital国有企业资产总额the total value of assets of state owned enterprises(SOEs)国有资产管理体制改革reform of the management system for state-owned assets国有经济布局与结构调整adjustment of the distribution and structure of the state sector建立和完善国有资产出资人制度to set up and improved a system for investors of state assets引入国有企业股份制to institute a stockholding system in SOEs邮政体制改革reform of the postal service system振兴老工业基地战略strategy of rejuvenating the old industrial bases国有企业改革改组改造reforming,reorganizing and upgrading SOEs深化国有企业股份制改革to deepen the reform to convert SOEs into stockholdingcorporations加强公司化管理to improve corporate governance实行政策引导关闭和破产to carry out policy-mandated closures and bankruptcies加快资源枯竭型城市经济转型to transform the economies of cities dependent on resource exploitation扩大建立国有资产管理预算系统试点to expand the experiment of setting up a budget system for managing state capital引入竞争，加强政府管理和公共监督，深化垄断企业改革to deepen the reform of monopoly industries by introducing competition and strengthening government regulation and public supervision严格国有资产转化为股份制企业的标准程序to strictly standardize procedures for transforming SOEs into stock companies资源型城市经济转型试点to transform the economies of cities dependent on resource exploitation严格规范国有企业改制和国有产权转让，防止国有资产流失to strictly standardize procedures for transforming SOEs into stock companies and for transferring ownership of state-owned assets to prevent their erosion主辅分离，辅业改制to separate SOE's secondary businesses from their core businesses and covert the former into independent company政府工作报告热词——能源、环境篇能源消耗energy consumption清洁、可再生能源clean and renewable energy sources化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand节能减排目标targets for saving energy and reducing emissions节能减排技术energy conservation and emission reduction technologies淘汰落后生产企业to close down backward production facilities加强先进生产能力建设to develop advanced production facilities城市污水处理能力urban sewage treatment capacity重点流域的污染防治pollution control in major river valleys and regions农村饮用水rural drinking water安全饮用水safe drinking water污染物排放emissions of pollutants资源节约型、环境友好型社会a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society抓好重点企业节能和重点工程建设to focus on energy conservation in key enterprises and construction of key projects产品质量安全标准制定和修订the formulation or updating of national standards for the safety of food products,drugs and other consumer goods落实电力、钢铁、水泥、煤炭、造纸等行业淘汰落后生产能力计划implement the plan to close down backward production facilities in the electricity,steel,cement,coal and papermaking industries纠正招商引资中违法违规的做法to correct illegal practices for attracting foreign investmen限制和禁止高耗能、高排放和部分资源性外资项目to limit or ban foreign investment in projects that are energy intensive or highly polluting,limit or ban foreign investment in some areas of resource exploitation提高重点流域水污染物的国家排放标准。