科学美国人Predators Can Stress Prey to Death
考研英语真题：阅读理解试题及名师解析（14）
考研英语真题：阅读理解试题及名师解析（14）考研英语真题：阅读理解试题及名师解析(14)The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering。
Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect", a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect。
Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient。
Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "It's like surgery, "he says. "We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."On another level, many in the medical communityacknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modem medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying。
三级阅读模拟2
三级阅读模拟2三级阅读模拟2Passage OneAn American researcher has developed a simple device to help stop snoring.(打鼾). The device restricts the movements of the tissue(器官组织)that causes the bad sound. Snoring is a common problem. It may prevent a person from getting enough sleep. It may also prevent enough oxygen from reaching heart and lungs during sleep. But for most people, snoring affects relations with another person who must sleep in the same room.Snoring happens when the sleeping person breathes with the mouth open. In the back of the mouth the tissues surrounding the entrance of the throat are soft. As the person breathes, the movement of the air around the soft tissues causes them to move or vibrate. This tissue movement causes the sound we call snoring. A number of possible solutions have been proposed. Some devices keep the mouth shut. They force the patient to breathe only through the nose. A medical operation is also possible. Other devices catch the sound of snoring and then wake the patient. The new anti-snoring device was developed by a dentist（牙医）, George Wagner of the Indian University School of Dentistry. He developed a piece of plastic that fits up against the inside of the mouth. The device keeps the soft tissues from vibrating and making the snoring noise. It is worn only at night. Doctor Wagner said several patients report that the simple device has ended their snoring problem.31. The passage mentions all the bad effects on the snorer EXCEPT__________.A) disturbing his roommate B) his lack of enough sleep C)harming his friendship D) his lack of enough oxygen32. People snore when______.A) they keep their mouths shut B) part of their throat becomes softC) part of their throat moves D) they breathe through mouth and nose33. How many solutions to the problem have been proposed so far?A) Three B) Four C) Five D) Six34. Which of the following statements about the new device is FALSE?A) It is worn at night B) It has not been used by many peopleC) It is made of plastic D) It was developed by a businessman35. What is the most likely place where one can find the passage?A) A novel B) A newspaper C) A textbook D) A scientific journalPassage TwoShopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock, the salesman promptly produces it, and the business of trying it on follows at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone's satisfaction. Slight problems may begin for a man when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman always triesto sell the customer something else---he offers the nearest he can to the article required.Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way. Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only “having a look round”. She is always open to persuasion; indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the lockout for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another, to and fro, often retracing her steps, before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious(费劲的) process, but apparently an enjoyable one. Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.36. When man buys clothes,____________.A) they choose things the salesman recommends B) they buy right size things without trying them onC) they buy good quality things without a second considerationD) they do not mind how much they have to pay for the right things37. What is the man’s concern in terms of the fit of new clothes?A) They do not worry whether a thing fits well or not B) They make sure what fits before going shoppingC) They like their clothes to be bigger than the average sizeD) They often have no particular size in mind before going to the shop38. What does the passage tell us about women shopping for clothes?A) They listen to advice but never take it B) They often do not have a clear aim in mindC) They rarely consider buying cheap clothes D) They welcome suggestions from anyone around39. It is implied in the passage that women__________.A) like to buy cheap clothes B) always buy good quality clothes regardless of the priceC) tend to waste money on clothes which they don’t really wantD) think more of the price of clothes than of their colors and sizes40. Which of the following indicates the difference between men and women shoppers?A) Men do not try clothes on while women do B) Men do not spend as much time on buyingC) Women tend to be more talkative than men D) Women buy what they need but men do notPassage ThreeIf you’ve been on campus for very long, I’m certain that you’ve already heard about this course. You may know that last term about fifty percent of the students who selected my course failed it. Let me explain how this came about before you jump to any conclusions. In the first place, since this is a composition class, I expect my students to follow certain rules of formality （形式）.Unfortunately, students today dislike having to follow rules of any kind, especially those which they may feel to beunnecessary. For example, I ask that each of your papers be typed.I count off points for various kinds of mistakes. A misspelled word will cost you 5 po ints. You’ll lose 25 points if you misspell five words. If you write an incomplete sentence, you’ll lose 10 points. If you give me two complete sentences as one without adequate punctuation(标点)，you’ll lose 15 points. I do not accept late papers. You will receive a zero for any theme(习作) which you fail to submit on time. I expect you to read each assignment. To make certain that you have read the assignment, I will give you a short unannounced quiz from time to time. This class meets on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. You will have a total of six major tests throughout the semester. Your final grade will be based on an average of these major tests and eight written themes. If you have any questions at any time, you can see me on Tuesdays. My office is on th e second floor of this building. Y our assignment for Wednesday is to read Hemingway’s short story on Page 55. Friday will be the last class day of this week, so you can expect to write a short in-class theme for me then.41. The course mentioned by the teacher is on______.A) reading B) assignments C) spelling D) writing42. When was this lecture given?A) On Monday B) On Wednesday C) On Thursday D) On Friday43. How many points will a student lose if he misspells 3 words and writes 2 incomplete sentences on a theme?A) 25 B) 35 C) 40 D) 4544. During the term the students are required to_________.A) write eight themes B) read Hemingway’s short storiesC) follow the rules of the school D) take six major tests and eight quizzes45. If the students have any questions, they may consult the teacher______.A) three times a week B) at any appointed timeC) in his office on Tuesdays D) before or after class on Tuesdays31-35 C C B D D 36-40 D B B C B 41-45 D A B A C。
科普文 一文两题 + 翻译和解读
Neuroscientists have explained the risky, aggressive or just plain confusing behavior of teenagers as the product of a brain that is somehow compromised. Groundbreaking research in the past 10 years, however, shows that this view is wrong. The teen brain is not defective（有缺陷的）. It is not a half-baked adult brain, either. It has been forged by evolution lo function differently from that of a child or an adult.Foremost among the teen brain’s features is its ability to change in response to the environment by modifying the communication networks that connect brain regions. It allows teenagers to make enormous in thinking and socialization. But the change also makes them sensitive to dangerous behavior and serious mental disorders.The most recent studies indicate that the riskiest behavior arises from a mismatch between the maturation of networks in the limbic system（边缘系统）, which drives emotions and intensifies at (青春期）, and the maturation of networks in the prefrontal cortex （前额皮质）, which occurs later and promotes sound judgment and the control of impulses. Indeed, we now know that one’s prefrontal cortex continues to change prominently until his 20s. And yet puberty seems to starling earlier, extending the “mismatch years”.The plasticity of networks linking brain regions—and not the growth of those regions, as previously thought—is key to eventually behaving like an adult. Understanding that, and knowing that a widening gap between the development of emotional and judgment networks is happening in young people today, can help parents, teachers, counselors and teenagers themselves. People will better see that behavior such as risk-taking, sensation-seeking, and turning away from parents and toward peers are not signs of cognitive or emotional problems. They are a natural result of brain development, a normal part of adolescents learning how to negotiate a complex world.The same understanding can also help adults decide when to intervene. A 15-year-old girl’s departure from her parents' tastes in clothing, music or politics may be a source of anxiety for Mom and Dad hut does not indicate mental illness. A 16-year-old boy’s tendency to skateboard without a helmet or to accept risky challenges from friends is not unimportant but is more likely a sign of short-range thinking and peer pressure than a desire to hurt himself. Other exploratory and aggressive actions might be red flags, however. Knowing more about the unique teen brain will help all of us learn how to separate, unusual behavior that is age-appropriate from that which might indicate illness. Such awareness could help society reduce the rates of teen addiction, motor vehicle accidents and depression.题一61. How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed?A. By drawing a comparison.B. By confirming a prediction.C. By making an assumption.D. By correcting a misunderstanding.62. What can we know about the changeability of teens’ brains?A. It is predictable and avoidable.B. It is a double-edged sword.C. It is related to their brain development in the childhood.D. It results from serious functional disorders.63. The limbic system and the prefrontal cortex are mentioned in Paragraph 3 to .A. show how the mismatch between their maturation of networks happensB. explain the relationship between early puberty and themC. explain what leads to teens’ riskiest behaviorD. show the differences between them64. What are the last two paragraphs mainly about?A. The important role of adults in teenagers, development.B. Long-term prospects for the research of teenagers’ br ains.C. Possible cognitive and emotional problems of teenagers.D. The significance of the new discovery.C篇61.D。
哲味谚语
哲味谚语●The belief in a supernatural source of evil is not necessary.Men alone are quite capable of every wickedness.——Joseph Conrad【约瑟夫•康拉德（波兰出生的英国作家）：将邪恶的产生归结于超自然的因素是没有必要的，人类自身就足以实施每一种恶行。
】●Try again.Fail again.Fail better.——Samuel Beckett【Samuel Beckett（当代最著名的荒诞剧作家）：再试，再失败，更好地失败。
】●Try not.Do or do not.——Yoda【尤达大师（『星球大战』中的主角）：别试。
做或者不做。
】●All is riddle,and the key to a riddle...is another riddle.——Emerson【爱默生（美国诗人、散文家、哲学家）：所有的事物都是谜团，而解开一个谜的钥匙……是另一个谜。
】●The farther backward you can look,the farther forward you will see.——Winston Churchill【温斯顿•邱吉尔：你回首看得越远，你向前也会看得越远。
】●When you look long into an abyss,the abyss looks into you.——Nietzsc he【尼采：当你凝视深渊时，深渊也在凝视你。
】●There are certain clues at a crime scene which,by their very natu re, d o not lend themselves to being collected or examined.How does one collect love, rage, hatred, fear?——Dr. James T. Reese【詹姆斯•瑞斯博士（美国精神创伤压力处理方面的专家）：犯罪现场中的某些线索根据它们自己本身的性质，是不容易收集起来检测的。
考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析（29）
考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析（29）考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(29)When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then。
科学家背负重任英语作文
科学家背负重任英语作文Being a scientist is not just a profession, it's a calling. Scientists carry the heavy responsibility of seeking truth, uncovering mysteries, and pushing the boundaries of human knowledge. It's a daunting task, butone that is filled with excitement and the potential to make a real difference in the world.The pursuit of scientific knowledge requires dedication, perseverance, and an insatiable curiosity. Scientists spend countless hours in the lab, conducting experiments, analyzing data, and searching for patterns and connections. It's a laborious process, but one that is essential for advancing our understanding of the natural world.In addition to their research, scientists also play a crucial role in communicating their findings to the public. They must be able to explain complex concepts in a way that is accessible to non-experts, and to advocate for the importance of science in our society. This requires strongcommunication skills and a deep sense of responsibility to share their knowledge with the world.The work of a scientist is not without its challenges. They often face skepticism, criticism, and even outright hostility from those who may not understand or appreciate the value of their work. It takes resilience and a thick skin to weather these challenges and continue pushing forward in the pursuit of truth.Despite the challenges, being a scientist is incredibly rewarding. The thrill of discovery, the satisfaction of solving a long-standing puzzle, and the opportunity to contribute to the greater good of humanity are all powerful motivators that keep scientists going, even in the face of adversity. It's a privilege to be able to dedicate one's life to the pursuit of knowledge and to make a real impact on the world.。
【英语】英语阅读理解(科普环保)易错剖析
【英语】英语阅读理解(科普环保)易错剖析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Supercomputers which can analyse blood samples and predict which patients are likely to become seriously ill could save tens of thousands of lives a year, it was revealed last night, according to The Daily Express.The artificial intelligence (AI) system, developed at University College London and set to be piloted in NHS hospitals later this year, will screen "at risk" patients so doctors can take early action to prevent death or serious illness. Prof Young, a consultant surgeon at Southend University Hospital, said: "I am so excited about this form of technology." Instead of people getting sick or dying because they are not picked up in time, this will allow us to step in earlier which will save lives and an enormous amount of money. "I think the potential of AI in healthcare like this is as big as the Industrial Revolution was—and signals a completely new example in the way we manage healthcare."The technology is the brainchild of Dr Vishal Nangalia, a consultant at the Royal Free Hospital in London. He used AI to analyse a billion stored blood samples from 20 different UK hospital trusts dating back up to 12 years. Computers assess blood test results by picking up subtle changes in red and white blood cells, suggesting a patient is going downhill.He found the technique forecast outcomes of patients with kidney problems with up to 95 per cent accuracy. Traditional methods highlighting serious patient concerns picked up as few as 16 percent of patients who went on to die. "This gives us the opportunity not only to save lives but to prevent serious illness, making the health service not only safer but more efficient." Prof Young said, "Instead of waiting for people to get worse, we will be able to treat them earlier."（1）What does the underlined phrase "screen" in Paragraph2 mean?A. comfortB. treatC. spotD. nurse（2）How do supercomputers help save lives?A. By storing blood samples.B. By analyzing patients' cases.C. By observing changes in blood cells.D. By assisting doctors with their operations.（3）Why did Professor Young mention the Industrial Revolution?A. To show the influence of AI.B. To stress the importance of health care.C. To introduce the topic of supercomputers.D. To present the achievement he has accomplished.（4）What do we know about the new technology?A. It helps patients recover earlier.B. It has helped save thousands of lives.C. It will promote the health service greatly.D. It is intended for patients with kidney diseases.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍超级计算机能够分析血样并预测哪些病人可能会患上重病，每年可以挽救数万人的生命。
A类《职业能力倾向测验》宜春市高安市2024年事业单位考试模拟预测试卷含解析
A类《职业能力倾向测验》宜春市高安市2024年事业单位考试模拟预测试卷一、常识判断1．“此处不留人，自有留人处”给了懒人正大光明的借口，给了懦夫逃避现实的理由。
可残酷的是，生活不相信借口，竞争没有理由。
换个环境不如换个心情，与其精神胜利。
不如自我激励。
换个环境，就像把淡水鱼放进海里，空间是大了，可是命也危矣。
苛求环境，不如苛求自己．我们改变不了世界，地球不会老围着你转——除非你是太阳。
最能概括上面文字内容的一句话是（）。
A、环境永远都不会恰合你意B、苛求环境不如苛求自己C、处处都留人，只是人不在D、物竞天择，适者生存2．下列对于古代称谓说法错误的是（）。
A、阁下是对长辈的尊称B、足下是下级对上级或同辈之间相互尊敬的称呼C、内子用于丈夫对别人称自己的妻子D、“舍”用以谦称自己的家或自己的卑幼亲属3．甲是一普通合伙企业的合伙人，以一座房产出资，后因病死亡，其子乙10岁。
下列关于乙的权利及其行使的判断哪些是正确的?（）A、乙因继承当然成为合伙企业的合伙人B、乙可以要求分割甲在合伙企业的财产份额C、经其他合伙人同意，乙可以成为合伙人D、如果按照退伙处理，对甲的财产份额的退还可以采用退还货币。
也可以退还实物4．下列卫星系列不属于我国对地观测卫星的是：A、“海洋”B、“风云”C、“天绘”D、“北斗”5．在抗日民族统一战线中，中国共产党坚持独立自主原则的实质是（）。
A、坚持又联合又斗争的方针B、正确处理民族斗争和阶级斗争的关系C、坚持无产阶级在统一战线中的领导权D、保持共产党在思想上、政治上和组织上的独立性6．2010年中国人民银行工作会议于1月5日至6日召开。
会议确定2010年中国人民银行工作要深入贯彻落实科学发展观，保持货币政策的连续性和稳定性，继续实施适度宽松的货币政策。
下列符合这一政策的是（）。
多项选择题A、鼓励金融机构加大对重点工程建设、中小企业、就业等的信贷支持B、严格控制对高耗能、高排放行业和产能过剩行业的贷款C、国家继续通过发行国债，加大对民生和社会事业的投资与发展D、积极扩大直接融资，扩宽企业融资渠道7．某公司的下列行为中，构成不正当竞争行为的是（）。
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Predators Can Stress Prey to Death
Safe dragonfly larvae that could sense the presence of their predators had a higher mortality rate than unstressed larvae. Christopher Intagliata reports
November 11, 2011
A hungry fish can kill prey with a quick bite. That is, of course, if its prey
hasn't already died of fright. Take tasty dragonflies. The mere presence of predators—even caged ones—is enough to scare dragonflies to death, according to a study in the journal Ecology.
Researchers collected wild dragonfly larvae, and placed them in tanks with fish or insect predators. The larvae could see and smell their hunters—but were kept safe by underwater cages. After two months, the researchers took a head count—and found that dragonfly larvae sharing quarters with their killers were two to four times as likely to die off, compared to counterparts living in predator-free waters. And they had slimmer chances of surviving metamorphosis, too.
The authors suggest a couple reasons why. First, prey tend to make fewer forays for snacks when predators are lurking around, so they may not be as nutritionally fit. And previous studies have shown that the presence of predators ups stress levels in prey, weakening their immune systems and making them more vulnerable to disease—and death.
As if being eaten wasn't enough to worry about, looks can kill too. —Christopher Intagliata。