新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程4译文(1、2、6、8单元)
新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程第四册课后翻译答案

新视野大学英语(第三版)第四册课后翻译答案第一单元The Doctrine of the Mean is the core of Confucianism. The so-called “mean” by Confucius doesn’t mean “compromise” but a “moderate”and “just-right” way when understanding and handling objective things. Confucius advocated that this thought should not only be treated as away to understand and deal with things but also be integrated into one’s daily conduct to make it a virtue through self-cultivation and training.The Doctrine of the Mean is not only the core of Confucianism but also an important component of traditional Chinese culture. From the time it came into being to the present, it has played an invaluable role in the construction of national spirit, the transmission of national wisdom, and the development of national culture.中庸思想是儒家思想的重要内容。
孔子所谓的“中”不是指“折中”,而是指在认识和处理客观事物时的一种“适度”和“恰如其分”的方法。
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第四册课后翻译

第一单元一、英译汉Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist. 亚里士多德是古希腊的哲学家和科学家。
His writings cover many subjects, including physics, biology, zoology, logic, ethics, poetry, theater, music, linguistics, politics and government, and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy. 他的作品涵盖了许多学科,包括物理学、生物学、动物学、逻辑学、伦理学、诗歌、戏剧、音乐、语言学、政治和政府,构成了第一个综合的西方哲学体系。
Aristotle was the first to classify areas of human knowledge into distinct disciplines such as mathematics, biology, and ethics. 亚里士多德是第一个将人类的知识领域划分为不同学科的人,如数学,生物学和伦理学。
He believed all people's concepts and all their knowledge were ultimately based on perception. 他相信人所有的观念和所有的知识在根本上都是基于感知能力。
His views on natural sciences laid the groundwork for many of his works. 他对自然科学的看法构成了他许多作品的基础。
He contributed to almost every field of human knowledge in his era. 他几乎对他所处时期的每一个人类知识领域都作出了贡献。
新视野大学英语读写教程第4册(第三版)课后段落翻译

第一单元一、英译汉亚里士多德是古希腊的哲学家和科学家。
他的作品涵盖了许多学科,包括物理学、生物学、动物学、逻辑学、伦理学、诗歌、戏剧、音乐、语言学、政治和政府,构成了第一个综合的西方哲学体系。
亚里士多德是第一个将人类的知识领域划分为不同学科的人,如数学,生物学和伦理学。
他相信人所有的观念和所有的知识在根本上都是基于感知能力。
他对自然科学的看法构成了他许多作品的基础。
他几乎对他所处时期的每一个人类知识领域都作出了贡献。
他的作品包含了人们所知的最早的关于逻辑的正式研究,即使在今天,亚里士多德哲学所涵盖的方方面面仍是学术研究的重要课题。
他的哲学对所有的西方哲学理论的发展有着经久不衰的影响。
在去世2,300多年后,亚里士多德仍是最有影响力的哲学家和科学家之一。
二、汉译英The Doctrine of the Mean is the core of Confucianism. The so-called "mean" by Confucius doesn't mean "compromise" but a "moderate" and "just-right" way when understanding and handling objective things. Confucius advocated that this thought should not only be treated as a way to understand and deal with things but also be integrated into one's daily conduct to make it a virtue through self-cultivation and training. The Doctrine of the Mean is not only the core of Confucianism but also an important component of traditional Chinese culture. From the time it came into being to the present, it has played an invaluable role in the construction of national spirit, the transmission of national wisdom, and the development of national culture.第二单元二、英译汉人们普遍认为,威廉•莎士比亚是最伟大的英语作家和世界杰出的戏剧家。
新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程第四册课文及翻译

12456单元Love and logic: The story of fallacy爱情与逻辑:谬误的故事I had my first date with Polly after I made the trade with my roommate Rob. That year every guy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldn't stand the idea of being the only football player who didn't, so he made a pact that he'd give me his girl in exchange for my jacket. He wasn't the brightest guy. Polly wasn't too shrewd, either.在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后,我和波莉有了第一次约会。
那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克,而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的,他一想到这个就受不了,于是他和我达成了一项协议,用他的女友换取我的夹克。
他可不那么聪明,而他的女友波莉也不太精明。
But she was pretty, well-off, didn't dye her hair strange colors or wear too much makeup. She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer. If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant, well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the competition.但她漂亮而且富有,也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程4

新视野大学英语第三版读写教程4第一单元1 As the gender bariers crumbled ,the number of women working as lawyers,doctors, or bankers began to increase significantly from the mid-20th century随着性别歧视者的瓦解,从事律师、医生或银行家工作的女性人数从20世纪中叶开始显著增加。
2 With the data olleted each year, the owner of the shop can discern customer treiendsand how things like weather and economic indicators affect sales performance.根据每年收集的数据,商店的所有者可以辨别顾客的需求以及天气和经济指标等因素如何影响销售业绩。
3 His supervisor pushes and motivates him in such a positive manner that he is not onlyable to reach but to surpass . his personalgoals.他的主管以积极的方式推动和激励他,使他不仅能够达到,而且能够超越。
他的个人爱好。
4 He is a man with a(n) shrewd business sense. He has built his initial investment into asubstantial and even excessively large fortune.他是一个有精明商业头脑的人。
他已经把最初的投资建立在一个绝对的甚至是巨额的财富上。
5 The conversion of nuclear radiation directly into electricity was an exciting possibilitythat was being vigorously explored in many .laboratories in the 1950s. 直接将核辐射转化为电能是一种令人兴奋的可能性。
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程4

第一单元1 As the gender bariers crumbled ,the number of women working as lawyers,doctors, or bankers began to increase significantly from the mid-20th century随着性别歧视者的瓦解,从事律师、医生或银行家工作的女性人数从20世纪中叶开始显著增加。
2 With the data olleted each year, the owner of the shop can discern customer treiendsand how things like weather and economic indicators affect sales performance.根据每年收集的数据,商店的所有者可以辨别顾客的需求以及天气和经济指标等因素如何影响销售业绩。
3 His supervisor pushes and motivates him in such a positive manner that he is not onlyable to reach but to surpass . his personalgoals.他的主管以积极的方式推动和激励他,使他不仅能够达到,而且能够超越。
他的个人爱好。
4 He is a man with a(n) shrewd business sense. He has builthis initial investment into asubstantial and even excessively large fortune.他是一个有精明商业头脑的人。
他已经把最初的投资建立在一个绝对的甚至是巨额的财富上。
5 The conversion of nuclear radiation directly into electricity was an exciting possibilitythat was being vigorously explored in many .laboratories in the 1950s.直接将核辐射转化为电能是一种令人兴奋的可能性。
新视野大学英语4读写教程(第三版)unit1

1UNITTh es t o r y o f a f a l l a c yL o v e a n d l o g i c :New wordsfallacy /'f{l@si/ n. [C] an idea or belief that is false but that many people think is true 谬论;谬见pact /p{kt/ n. [C] an agreement between two or more people or organizations in whichthey promise to do sth. 协定;契约;盟约;条约shrewd /Sru:d/ a. 1 able to judge people and situations very well and make good decisions(人)精明的,机敏的2 well judged and likely to be right (决定和判断)准确的,英明的well-off /8wel '¡f/ a. (infml.) rich, or having enough money to live well 富裕的;有钱的dye/daI/vt.change the color of sth. such as clothing or your hair using a particularsubstance 给…染色n. [C, U] a substance used for changing the color of sth. such as clothing oryour hair (用于染衣服、头发等的)染料,染剂makeup /'meIkˆp/ n. 1 [U] substances that people put on their faces, including their eyes andlips, in order to look attractive or change their appearance 化妆品2 [sing.] the people or things that combine to form a single group or whole组成;构造;结构elite /I'li:t/ a. of or relating to the best or most skillful people in a group 精英的;精锐的 n. [C] a group of people who have a lot of power and influence because theyhave money, knowledge, or special skills (社会)精英;上层人士radiant /'reIdi@nt/ a. 1 full of happiness and love, in a way that shows in your face and makesyou look attractive 容光焕发的;喜悦的2 very bright 灿烂的;明亮的counterpart /'kaUnt@"pA:t/ n. [C] sb. or sth. that has the same job or purpose as another person or thing,but in a different place, time, situation, or organization 职务相当的人;职能相当的物6New Horizon College English Third Editionpearl /pÆ:l/ n. [C] 1 (~s of wisdom) wise remarks – used esp. when you really think thatsb.’s remarks are slightly stupid 有见识的评说,智慧的结晶(尤为反话)2 a small round jewel that is typically white and shiny and that growsinside the shell of an oyster 珍珠banner /'b{n@/ a. (AmE) excellent, extremely successful 极好的;非常成功的 n. [C] a wide piece of cloth with a message on it, often stretched between twopoles 横幅;横幅标语situated /'sItSu"eItId/ a. (be~) be in a particular place; located 位于…;坐落于…expressway/Ik'spres"weI/n.[C] (AmE) a wide road with several lanes of traffic going in each direction,built for fast travel over long distances 高速公路venue /'venju:/ n. [C] a place where an activity or event happens (事件的)发生地点;(活动的)场所luminous /9lu:mIn@s/ a. 1 very bright 很明亮的;灿烂的2 shining in the dark 发光的;夜明的stereo /'steri@U/ n. [C] a machine for playing records, CDs, etc. that produces sound from twospeakers 立体声音响(设备)pedal /'pedl/ n. [C] a part that you push with your foot in order to operate a bicycle,vehicle, or machine (自行车、车辆或机器的)脚踏板gum/gˆm/ n. 1 [U] (also chewing gum)口香糖2 [C] the firm pink flesh in your mouth that your teeth are fixed into 牙龈;齿龈staple /'steIpl/ n. [C] 1 a regular and important part or feature of sth. 主要内容;基本特点2 订书钉a.(only before noun) forming the greatest or most important part of sth. 主要的;最重要的distort /dI'stO:t/ vt. 1 change sth. such as information so that it is no longer true or accurate 歪曲;曲解2 change the way sth. looks, sounds, or behaves so that it becomes strangeor difficult to recognize 使变形;使失真;使反常stump /stˆmp/ v. (usu. passive) be unable to find an answer or think of a reply to a questionor problem 使困惑;难倒n. [C] the part of a tree left above the ground after it has been cut throughnear the base 树桩;树墩obesity /@U'bi:s5ti/ n. [U] a condition in which sb. is too fat in a way that is dangerous for theirhealth 过度肥胖;肥胖症explanatory /Ik'spl{n@t(5)ri/ a. (fml.) intended to help you understand sth. 说明的;解释的underway /"ˆnd@'weI/ a. (never before noun) already started or happening 在进行中的inference/'Inf(5)r@ns/n.[C] an opinion you form about sth. that is based on information youalready have 推理;推断;断定analytical /"{n5'lItIkl/ a. (also analytic) thinking about things in a detailed and intelligent way, so thatyou can examine and understand them 头脑周密的;善于分析的;分析的conversion /k5n'v∆:Sn/ n. [C, U] the process of changing sth. from one form, purpose, or system toanother 转变;改造;转换UNIT 1 Life and logic 7premature /'pri:m@tS@/ a. 1 done too soon or too early (做事)过早的,过快的,草率的,仓促的,不成熟的2 happening too soon or before the usual time过早的;提早的3 (of a baby) born before it should be (婴儿)早产的surpass /s@'pA:s/ vt. be even better or greater than sb. or sth. else 超过;胜过premise /'premis/ n. 1 [C] (fml.) a principle or statement that you consider to be true, that youbase other ideas and actions on 前提2 (~s) [pl.] the building and land that a business or organization uses (企业或组织使用的)房屋及土地,经营场所tactic /'t{ktIk/ n. [C, usu. pl.] a particular method or plan for achieving sth. 方法;策略;手法flatter /'fl{t@/ vt. praise sb. in order to get sth. you want, esp. in a way that is not sincere 奉承;阿谀;向…谄媚flattery/9fl{t@ri/ n. [U] praise that is not sincere but is intended to get you sth. that you want恭维;奉承;阿谀;谄媚discern /dI'sÆ:n/ vt. 1 (fml.) notice sth., esp. after thinking about it carefully or studying it (尤指仔细思考或研究之后)看出,觉察出,辨明2 see or hear sth., esp. sth. that is far away or not very clear 看到;听到;辨认出crumble /'krˆmbl/ vi. stop existing or being effective 崩溃;瓦解;消失v. break sth. into very small pieces, or be broken into very small pieces 弄碎;(使)成碎屑flare /fle@/ vi. (also ~ up) 1 suddenly become angry or violent 突然发怒;突然爆发2 suddenly burn or shine brightly 突然烧旺;闪耀3 become worse 恶化;加剧proposition /"pr¡p@'zISn/ n. [C] 1 an offer or suggestion, esp. involving business or politics (尤指涉及商业或政治的)提议,建议2 a statement that people can examine in order to decide whether it is true主张;观点;见解petitioner /p5'tISn@/ n. [C] 1 sb. who writes or signs a written request that asks sb. in authority todo sth. 请愿人;请求者2 sb. who gives a court an official document in which they ask it to takelegal action 起诉人;(向法院)提出申请者axe /{ks/ n. (also ax) 1 (the ~)a situation in which a government, a company, or anorganization decides to end sth. or to get rid of a worker or their job 撤销;取消;解雇2 [C] a tool used for cutting down trees and cutting up large pieces ofwood, consisting of a long wooden handle and a heavy metal blade 斧;斧头;长柄斧ingenious /In'dZi:ni@s/ a. 1 (of a person) good at inventing things and solving problems in new ways(人)有独创性的2 (of a machine, plan, etc.) cleverly made and well suited to its purpose (设备或计划等)别出心裁的,构思巧妙的muscular /'mˆskjUl@/ a. 1 having large, strong muscles 肌肉发达的;强壮的2 relating to muscles 肌肉的retort /rI'tO:t/ vt. reply immediately in an angry or humorous way to sth. that sb. has said 反驳;回嘴drip/drIp/v. (let liquid) fall in drops 滴(水);漏(水)n. 1 [sing.] the sound or action of a liquid falling in drops 滴答声;滴水声;滴下2 [C] one of the small drops of liquid that fall from sth. 液滴sarcasm /'sA:k{z(5)m/ n. [U] the activity of saying or writing the opposite of what you mean, orspeaking in a way intended to make sb. else feel stupid or show them thatyou are angry 讽刺;嘲笑;挖苦disclosure /dIs'kl@UZ@/ n. [C, U] a secret that sb. tells people, or the act of telling this secret 被公开的秘密;公开;透露;披露Phrases and expressionsmake a pact reach an agreement 约好;达成协议in exchange for g iving one thing and receiving another (esp. of the same type or value) inreturn 作为(对…的)交换(或替代)set a date for choose a particular day for sth. 为…定日期appeal to1try to get sb. to do or accept sth. by making them think it is a sensible orfair thing to do 诉诸;唤起2have a character that makes a particular person interested; attract 吸引;感染make / draw an analogy between make a comparison between (sth. and sth. else) 在…之间作类比make sth. out of sb. / sth.change a person or thing into sth. else 使…变成…give sb. the axe 1 end a relationship abruptly 抛弃 (恋人等);和某人一刀两断2 dismiss sb. from their job 解雇某人;开除某人be dripping with sth. contain or be covered in a lot of sth. 满是…;充满/充溢…Proper namesRob /r¡b/罗伯 (人名)Polly /'p¡li/波莉 (人名)Dicto Simpliciter /'dIkt5 sIm8plIsIt5(r)/绝对判断(逻辑学术语)Hasty /'heIsti/ Generalization草率结论(逻辑学术语)Ad Misericordiam /"mIz5rI'kO:dI5m/文不对题(逻辑学术语)False Analogy /59n{l5dZi/错误类比(逻辑学术语)Understanding the text1Answer the following questions.1 What is the deal between the narrator and hisroommate, Rob? Why do they make the deal?2 Why does the narrator want to have abeautiful and well-spoken girlfriend?3 When the narrator and Polly have their firstdate, the narrator says that what he has got in mind is a little eccentric. Why?4 Why does the narrator decide to teach PollyThe suffix -cy combines with adjectives, and occasionally with nouns, to form new nouns. Nouns formed in this way refer to the state, quality, or experience described by the adjective. The suffix -cy also combines with nouns that refer to people with a particular rank, position, or occupation in order to form new nouns. Nouns formed in this way refer directly to that rank, position, or occupation. A final t or te is replaced by -cy, but occasionally the final t is retained before adding -cy.ExamplesWords learned Add -cy New words formedfrequent ➝frequencyaccurate ➝accuracyconsistent➝consistencybureaucrat ➝bureaucracyThe suffix -ic combines with nouns to form adjectives. Adjectives formed in this way describe something as resembling, involving, or being connected with the thing referred to by the original noun.ExamplesWords learned Add -ic New words formedartist ➝artisticchaos ➝chaoticThe suffix -y combines with nouns to form adjectives. Adjectives formed in this way express the idea that something or someone is similar to or is characterized by the thing the noun refers to. A final e is replaced by -y. The suffix -y also combines with some verbs to form nouns which refer to an action, situation, or state.ExamplesWords learned Add -y New words formeddust ➝dustyhaste ➝hastydeliver ➝deliveryrecover➝recoveryWords learned New words formed -cydelicatebankruptaccountantsecretvacanturgent-icatmospheremagneticmetal-ygloomyguiltymaster中庸思想(Doctrine of the Mean)是儒家思想的核心内容。
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第三册UNIT4课文及翻译(A+B篇)

TEXT AThe surprising purpose of travel令人惊奇的旅行目的1 It's 4:15 in the morning, and my alarm clock has just stolen away a lovely dream. I almost return back to sleep before my eye catches my packed suitcase and I groan, remembering that I'm going to the airport. The taxi is late and then lost, and I'm getting increasingly nervous that I'll miss my flight. I run in when we arrive, stagger through security and finally get to my gate. After all the trouble of this morning, my flight is canceled and I'm stuck in this terminal for the next 218 minutes, and my only consolation is a cup of complimentary airport coffee. This is traveling, a burdensome series of running and waiting, and after countless hours, finally getting there.早晨四点一刻,闹钟把我从美梦中惊醒,要不是突然看见早已收拾好的行李箱,我几乎又要睡着。
想起来还要去机场,我叹了口气。
出租车来晚了,并且在途中迷了路,我越来越担心会赶不上飞机。
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Unit1 爱情与逻辑:谬误的故事 1 在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后,我和波莉有了第一次约会。 那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克,而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的,他一想到这个就受不了,于是他和我达成了一项协议,用他的女友换取我的夹克。 他可不那么聪明,而他的女友波莉也不太精明。
2 但她漂亮而且富有,也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。 她拥有合适的家庭背景,足以胜任一名坚忍而睿智的律师的女友。 如果我能够让我所申请的顶尖律师事务所看到我身边伴随着一位光彩照人、谈吐优雅的另一半,我就很有可能在竞聘中以微弱优势获胜。
3 “光彩照人”,她已经是了。 而我也能施予她足够多的“智慧之珠”,让她变得“谈吐优雅”。
4 在一起外出度过了美好的一天之后,我驱车来到了高速公路旁一座小山上一棵古老的大橡树下。 我的想法有些怪异。 而这个地方能够俯瞰灯火灿烂的城区,我觉得它会使人的心情变轻松。 我们呆在车子里,我调低了音响并把脚从刹车上挪开。 “我们要谈些什么?”她问道。
5 “逻辑学。” 6 “好酷啊,”她一边嚼着口香糖一边说。 7 “逻辑学的原理,”我说道,“即清晰思考的主要原则。逻辑上出现的问题会歪曲事实,其中有些还很普遍。我们先来看看一种叫做„绝对判断‟的逻辑谬误。”
8 “好啊,”她表示同意。 9 “„绝对判断‟是指在证据不足的情况下所作出的推断。比方说:运动是有益的,所以每个人都应该运动。”
10 她点头表示赞同。 11 我看得出她没弄明白。 “波莉,” 我解释说,“这个推断太过简单化了。如果你有心脏病或者超级肥胖症什么的,运动就变得有害而不是有益。所以你应该说,运动对大多数人来说是有益的。”
12 “接下来是„草率结论‟。这似乎不言自明,对吧?仔细听好了:你不会说法语,罗伯也不会说法语,那么这所学校里好像是没有人会说法语。”
13 “是吗?”波莉吃惊地说。“没有人吗?” 14 “这也是一种逻辑谬误,”我说,“这一结论太草率了,因为能够支持这一结论的例证太少了。”
15 她似乎学得很开心,而我也可以放心地说我的计划正在稳步推进中。 我把她送回家,并且定下了下一次约会交谈的日子。
16 第二天晚上,坐在那棵橡树下,我说:“今天晚上我们要谈的第一个逻辑谬误叫„文不对题‟。”
17 她高兴地点了点头。 18 “听好了,”我说,“有个人去申请工作,当老板问他有什么应聘资格时,他说他有六个孩子要抚养。”
19 “哇,这太可怕了,太可怕了,”她哽咽着轻声说道。 20 “对,是挺可怕的,” 我表示赞同地说, “但这不是理由。这个人根本没有回答老板的问题,而只是在博取老板的同情,这就是„文不对题‟。”
21 她眨着眼睛,仍在竭力地忍住眼泪。 22 “接下来”,我小心地说,“我们来讨论„错误类比„。举个例子:学生考试时应该允许看课本,因为外科医生在做手术时可以看X光片。”
23 “我喜欢这个主意,”她说。 24 “波莉,”我抱怨道,“别打岔,这一推论是错误的。医生们不是在参加考试以检查他们学到了多少,而学生却是。他们的情况完全不同,你不能将他们作类比。”
25 “我仍然认为这是一个好主意,”波莉说。 26 经过五个夜晚的辛勤努力,我竟然真的将波莉打造成了一个逻辑行家,她总算能够分析思考了。 现在应该是时候让我们的关系从学术向浪漫发展了。
27 “波莉,”当我们又一次坐在那棵橡树下的时候我对她说,“今晚我们不讨论逻辑谬误了。”
28 “哦?”她回答说,有一点失望。 29 我赞许地对她笑了笑,说:“我们在一起已经度过了五个晚上,相互之间挺合得来,我们是蛮相配的一对。”
30 “草率结论,”波莉伶俐地说,“或者是按一般人的说法,这个结论有些不成熟,你不这样认为吗?” 31 我被逗得笑了起来,她功课还真学得不错,大大超过了我的预期。 “亲爱的,” 我开口说,同时宽容地拍了拍她的手,“五次约会已经够多了,毕竟你不需要吃掉整个蛋糕才知道它是不是好吃。”
32 “错误类比,”波莉立即回应。“你的前提是约会就如同吃东西。可你不是蛋糕,你是个男孩。”
33 我又笑了笑,不过不觉得那么有趣了,同时还不能表露出我害怕她学得太好了。 再错几步我可就无法挽回了。 我决定改变策略,转而尝试奉承她的办法。
34 “波莉,我爱你。请答应做我的女朋友,没有你我什么也不是。” 35 “文不对题,”她说。 36 “你还真是能在遇到逻辑谬误时一一辨别它们了,” 我说,心里的希望已经开始动摇。 “不过不要对它们太死板,我是说这都是些学术的东西。你知道,学校里学的东西和实际生活根本没有什么联系。”
37 “绝对判断,”她说道,“而且,你自己教的东西应该自己身体力行。” 38 我一下跳了起来,怒火中烧,“你到底愿不愿意做我的女朋友?” 39 “我不愿意,”她答道。 40 “为什么?”我追问道。 41 “我对另一位求爱者更感兴趣——罗伯和我重归于好了。” 42 我极力地保持着平静,说道:“你怎么会甩了我而选择罗伯?看看我,一个聪明过人的学生,一个不同凡响的学者,一个前途无量的人。再看看罗伯,一个肌肉发达的蠢材,一个有了上顿没下顿的家伙。你是否能给我一个充足的理由,为什么要选择跟他?”
43 “喔,这是什么假设啊!为了让像你这样聪明的人能够明白,我这么说吧,”波莉反驳道,声音里充满了讽刺,“事情的真相是——我喜欢罗伯穿皮衣。是我让他同意你们的协议的,这样他就能拥有你的夹克!”
Unit2 令人困惑的对美的追求 1 如果你是一位男士,肯定在某个时候会有女士问你她看起来怎么样。 2 对于如何应对这个问题,你一定得小心。 最好的对策就是给一个诚实但又谨慎的回答,然后借口有急事马上脱身。 相信我,这是最简单的方法。 对于她的这一问题,无论你事先练习多少次,都不会找到正确答案。
3 其原因是,男性和女性对外表的看法截然不同。 大多数男性对自己外表的评价在七年级时就形成了,而且终生不变。 有些男性认为自己有不可抗拒的魅力,即使随着年龄的增长,他们头发掉光了,脸上布满皱纹,他们仍然拒绝改变这种看法。
4 我相信,大多数男性都不会对自己的相貌感到过分自傲。 如果他们偶尔想到自己外表的话,他们愿意认为自己样貌中等。 长相普通不会使他们有任何烦恼,因为普通就已经是很好了。 男性不是特别注重自己的外貌,也不会从美学的角度去审视自己。 他们的打扮方式主要就是刮刮胡子,就像打理自家草坪一样。 对于一位男性来说,如果能花四分钟刮刮胡子,结束之后再把粘到头发上的剃须膏擦净,又没有出血太厉害,他就觉得自己已经尽心尽力了。
5 女性可不是这样看待自己的。 如果非要我猜测大多数女性对自己的相貌是如何评价的话,那肯定是:“还不够好。” 一位女士,无论她看起来多么吸引人,她对自己的看法总是由于受美容业的影响而蒙着一层阴影。 要她认为“我很漂亮”是一件难事。 她把身体上的极小的不完美之处加以放大,并且幻想这些缺点十分明显,以至于全世界的人都会注意到并且嘲笑她。
6 为什么女性会把自己的外貌想得这么差呢? 这种长期的不安全感并不是与生俱来的,而是由许多复杂的心理和社会因素的相互作用造成的,从小时候大人们给她们买洋娃娃时就开始了。 女孩成长过程中摆弄的洋娃娃,如果按照身材比例还原为真人大小的话,就会是7英尺高,61 英磅重,大腿纤细,上身丰满。 要达到这样的标准是很荒唐的,尤其是当我们想想那种洋娃娃的腰围尺寸,就知道其相对尺寸对任何一个活人来说都是不可企及的。 与女孩玩具的这种荒唐标准相比,小男孩们得到的“动作玩偶”却是完全不同的模样。 大多数男孩的玩具都样貌古怪,例如那个叫作“蜜蜂侠”的玩偶,一半像人,一半像会飞的昆虫。 这个玩偶尽管样子不好看,但仍然非常自信。 你肯定无法想象他会问别人说:“这个配饰的紫罗兰色和这件外套配不配呢?”
7 然而,女性在成长过程中却认为自己应该长得像芭比娃娃或杂志的封面女郎那样,这对大多数女性来说是不可能的。 尽管如此,产值达几十亿美元的美容业,在超市化妆品销售专区的配合下,总是在不停地攻击着女性的自尊,使其相信自己只有购买最新的保湿面霜、古铜散粉,以及各种美容器具,才能“激发和恢复”肌肤活力。 我曾经看过一期《奥普拉脱口秀》,在节目中,超级名模辛迪·克劳馥和演播室里的观众分享了自己的化妆秘诀。 辛迪要求这些中年妇女在脸上敷上黏土面膜和其他去皱产品;她还强调一定要遵守这些方法,例如:往脸上涂抹这些产品时,要用指尖,这样可以保护皮肤的弹性。 所有这些妇女都非常忠实地按照辛迪说的做了。可是对任何一个理智的旁观者来说,无论她们如何认真地使用这些产品,她们都不可能拥有辛迪那样的面容或肤色。 8 我并不是说男性优于女性。 我的意思是你不可能让一群中年男子在布拉德·皮特的指导下把化妆品敷到自己脸上,期望自己能看起来更像布拉德。 与女性不同,男性的外貌美不是社会所关注的唯一焦点。人们会鼓励男性借助其他特征来提升自尊。 他们也许会对布拉德说:“是吗?那么帅哥,你对草坪维护又知道多少?”
9 当然,女性会争辩说她们对外表的热衷追求是出于对来自男性的压力的一种反应。 而事实是,大多数男性认为美丽不仅仅来自于口红和香水,而且他们也不会去注意这些额外的细节。 四十多年来,我在听男性谈论女性时,从来没有一次听到过哪位男性这样说:“她的指甲真漂亮啊!” 对大多数男性来说,像指甲这样小的东西看起来都一样,无论一个女士的指甲是用粉色指甲油涂得完美无瑕,还是光光的毫无修饰,男性都一概视而不见。
10 女性参与这种极端的从众行为,实际上是把自己置于其他女性的审视之下,因为只有那些女性才有资格评价她们所付出的努力。 但是,如此费力地去取悦男性而他们却根本不会注意,同时又只是招致其他女性的指责,这样做究竟有什么好处呢?
11 不管怎样,言归正传:如果你是一位男性,当有女士问你她看起来怎么样时,你千万不能说她看起来很糟糕,那样肯定会使她立刻迁怒于你,这也是你咎由自取。 但是,你也不能慷慨地大放空洞之词,赞美她的鞋子和裙子是多么相配,因为她知道你是在说谎。 她已经花费了无数个小时发愁自己的容貌不能和辛迪·克劳馥的一样。 而且,也许因为你的头发和耳廓上粘着剃须膏,她会怀疑你根本没有资格对任何人的外表给出主观评价。
Unit8 有意义的人生 1 一位动物权利保护运动的天使的去世还比不上一个沉溺于毒品的摇滚明星的死亡。 所以,亨利·斯皮拉在1998 年9月因癌症去世的消息根本没有引起公众的注意,只是《纽约时报》上刊登了一则简短的讣告。 但是亨利 · 斯皮拉的一生让我们懂得了一些重要的东西,不仅关于现代动物权益保护运动,而且还有一个人改变现代社会的可能性。