中考英语名词、冠词、数词的专项复习

【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容：专题复习一名词、冠词、数词1.命题热点2.知识清单3.经典再现二、知识总结与归纳（一）名词【命题热点】1.不可数名词2.可数名词复数规则形式的构成及不规则的拼写3.所有格的形式【知识清单】清单一：可数名词及其单复数单数a, an的用法 a house an apple a yellow bag an old man a useful dictionary复数变化规则：1）+s cup girl hand2）以o结尾的+s zoo, radio, photo, piano, [hero, tomato, potato]3）以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的+es class, bus, box, watch, brush4）以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i再加es：factory, baby, city, country5）特殊变化：man-men woman—women Frenchman-Frenchmentooth-teeth mouse-mice goose-geese foot-feet child-childrendeer—deer fish-fish Japanese-Japanese Chinese—Chinese用法点津1）汉语拼音，单复数同形yuan, li2）某些只有复数形式的单词clothes, pants, socks, shorts, glasses清单二：不可数名词及其用法不可数名词没有单复数之分，常用some/ any/much/a little/ little/ a lot of等来修饰。

e. g.: some bread much meat如果表示具体的量，需借助量词。

如：a bottle of orange two bags of rice two kilos of meat a piece of bread清单三：名词所有格的构成及其用法1. ’s所有格的用法（1）有生命的：Uncle Wang’s factory the teacher’s office Women’s Day（2）几个人共有的：This is Lucy and Lily’s room. These are Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms.（3）无生命的（时间、距离、国家、城市、团体）：today’s newspaper China’s population ten minutes’ walk Beijing’s parks用法点津：1）避免重复：It’s not Jane’s fault, but Jack’s (fault).Whose handwriting is better, Mike’s or Alice’s?2）表示店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑：at my uncle’s (home) at the Greens’ (home)at the barber’s (shop) at the tailor’s (shop)2. of所有格无生命的：the floor of the classroom the title of the songthe picture of the family与人的生活密切相关的：today’s weather = the weather of todayChina’s economy= th e economy ofChinathe city’s parks = the parks of the city3.双重所有格a toy of the boys’ several toys of the child’s a daughter of the old lady’sa mistake of mine an invention of his清单四：名词作定语构成复合形容词：He is an 8-year-old boy.一般用单数：There are some banana trees by the river.There is only one man doctor and several women nurses in this hospital. (man, woman变复数)（二）冠词【命题热点】1.不定冠词的用法2.定冠词的用法3.零冠词的用法【知识清单】清单一：不定冠词的用法1.表示一个：I’m reading an interesting book.There is a tree in front of my house.2.代表一类：A horse is useful to mankind.A bird can fly.3.表示所属类别：My father is a doctor.My wish is to become a teacher when I grow up.4.用在事物的“单位”前，表示“每一”：We often go to school twice a day.Take this medicine three times a day and very soon you’ll feel bett er.5.某人某物，但不具体说明：A boy came to see you a moment ago.I got this tool in a shop.We need a car now.She is ill, she has to see a doctor.6.用于某些固定词组：a few, a little, a lot of, have a good time, have a rest7.习惯用法：a moment ago, twice a week, for a time, in a while, in a moment, just a minute/ moment, after a time/ while清单二：定冠词的用法1.特指：The bag in the desk is mine.Is this the book you are looking for?2.指上文已提到的人或物。

I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop. The book costs 15 yuan.Would you mind turning up the r adio a little? I can’t hear it clearly.3.世界上独一无二的事物：the sun, the moon, the sky, the earth, the world, the winter night4.与单数名词连用，表示一类人或物：The dog is not too dangerous.5.与形容词连用，表一类人：the poor, the wounded, the deaf, the rich, the sick6.用在序数词、最高级前：This is the biggest city inChina I have ever visited.He is the first to come and the last to leave.7.表示具体的地点、方位、时间或某天的一个部分We have friends all over the world.My parents live in the peaceful countryside.8.用在乐器、文艺活动、运动场所的名称前：The little girl likes to play the violin.They are going to the cinema tonight.9.用在报刊、杂志名称所组成的名词之前。

I am reading the China Daily now.Have you got the Evening Paper yet?10.用在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛的名称之前。

TheChangjiang River is the biggest one inChina.We live near theYellow River.11.用在姓名复数前：The Greens are very kind to us.The Whites like the classic music.12.用于某些固定短语中by the way join the army listen to the radio tell the truthgo to the cinema all the same just the same with the help ofon/ over/ through the radio清单三：零冠词的用法1.专用名词、抽象名词和物质名词之前I think water is a kind of food, too.Money is not everything.2.日常餐食It’s time for breakfast.What do you have for lunch?3.季节、月份、星期、节日、球类运动、棋类游戏之前Summer is hot and winter is cold here.New Year’s Day is coming.Today is the first day of May.Do you like to play football or baseball?4.具体的学科、语言前Can you speak English?It’s difficult to learn Physics well.5.称呼、职位前Mr. Smith, head of the group, will plan for the whole trip.I usually help Dad on the farm on Sunday.6.在this, that, these, my, Ja ne’s, some, any等限定词前This is my address.His camera is like mine.7.某些固定词组by air on foot at night after school at home go to class in factfrom morning till night（三）数词【命题热点】1.基数词的构成及用法2.序数词的构成及用法3.分数的表达法4.年、月、日的表达法5.时间的表达法【知识清单】清单一：基数词的构成及用法构成：1. 1-12的表述：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve2. 13-19的表述：以-teen结尾3. 20-90数字的表达：以-ty结尾4. 21-99之间数字的表达：十位和个位之间加连字符“-”，如twenty-five5.一百以上的数字的表达：在百位，十位之间加and.如104：one hundred and four, 486读作four hundred and eighty-six6.“万”的表达：10 thousand, forty thousand (四万)7. 1000以上的数字：3，333，333，333 three billion, three hundred and thirty-three million, three hundred and thirty-three thousand, three hundred and thirty-three8. hundred, thousand, million前若有具体数字，要用单数形式，但若有of，要用复数形式，同时，前面不能再加具体数字two thousand, thousands of清单二：序数词的构成及用法构成：1. first, second, third2. fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth3. twentieth, ninetieth4.前加定冠词或代词The First Lesson is more difficult than the Second Lesson.This is our first lesson.Who won first? (表名词，可不用定冠词)He failed once. Then he tried a second time.5.序数词的缩写：1st，2nd, 3rd, 4th, 21st, 22nd, 34th6. 100以上的序数词的表达法：100th, 101st用法：1.给事物编号2.序数词前一般应加定冠词，用不定冠词时表示“又一，再一”3.表示日期中的“日”清单三：分数的表达法1.分子基数词，分母序数词，分子大于1，分母用复数。