局部麻醉(英文版)

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麻醉药(Anesthetic Agents)

麻醉药（Anesthetic Agents ）麻醉药是作用于神经系统使其收到抑制，从而起到麻醉作用的药物。

根据其作用的部位不同，麻醉药又分为全身麻醉药和局部麻醉药。

全身麻醉药（general anesthetics ）作用于中枢神经系统，使其受到可逆的抑制，从而使意识、感觉特别是痛觉和反射消失，便于进行外科手术。

局部麻醉药（local anesthetics ）作用于神经末梢及神经干，可逆性地阻滞神经冲动的传导，使局部的感觉（痛觉）消失，而不影响意识，便于进行局部的手术及治疗。

肌肉松弛药（Muscular Relaxants ）常作为麻醉药物的辅助用药。

第一节全身麻醉药全身性麻醉药物根据给药途径不同分为吸入性麻醉药（inhalation anesthetics ）和静脉麻醉药（intravenous anesthetics ）。

1) 吸入性麻醉药通常是一类化学性质不活泼的气体或易挥发性液体，又叫作挥发性麻醉药，这些药物与一定比例的空气或氧气混合后，由呼吸进入肺泡，扩散进入血液，分部至神经组织，发挥麻醉作用。

吸入性麻醉药物主要有气态药物（氧化亚氮）及小分子的短链化合物（分子量较小的烃类、醚类、氟代烷烃类等）现在氟代烃麻醉药几乎完全取代了过去的挥发性麻醉药。

*氟烷：CF 3CHBrCl （1958）*甲氧氟烷：CH 3OCF 2CHCl 2 （1962） *恩氟烷：CHF 2OCF 2CHFCl （1976） *异氟烷：CHF 2OCHClCF 3 （1982） *七氟烷：CH 2FOCH(CF 3)2 （1990） *地氟烷：CHF 2OCHFCF 32) 静脉麻醉药又称为非吸入性全身麻醉药，是通过静脉注入随血液循环进入中枢神经后才能产生全麻作用的药物。

最早应用的静脉注射药物为巴比妥类药物，作用迅速，起效快，但持续作用短，常用于小手术，或与其它麻醉药物配合使用，代表药物有：海索比妥钠、硫喷妥钠、美索比妥钠等。

关于生病、疾病症状的英语表达集锦

关于生病、疾病症状的英语表达（英汉对照）头痛headache感冒cold咳嗽cough肺炎pneumonia肝炎hepatitis脑膜炎brain fever/meningitis膀胱炎cystitis急性胃炎acute gastritis胃炎gastritis气管炎trachitis支气管炎bronchitis阑尾炎 appendicitis胃肠炎gastroenteritis乳腺炎mastitis肿瘤tumor癌症cancer禽流感bird flu/avian influenza非典SARS(Severe Acute RespiratarySyndrome)疯牛病mad cow disease黑死病black death白血病leukemia爱滋病AIDS(Acquired ImmuneDeficiency Syndrome)流感influenza白内障 cataract狂犬病rabies中风stroke冠心病 coronary heart disease糖尿病diabetes肺癌 lung cancer肝癌liver cancer肺结核pulmonary tuberculosis肝硬化hepatocirrhosis慢性病chronic肺气肿emphysema胃癌cancer of stomach胃病stomach trouble心脏病heart disease发烧fever生病常用英文(1)一般病情:He feels headache, nausea and vomiting. (他觉得头痛、恶心和想吐。

) He is under the weather. (他不舒服，生病了。

)He began to feel unusually tired. (他感到反常的疲倦。

)He feels light-headed. (他觉得头晕。

) She has been shut-in for a few days. (她生病在家几天了。

关于某生病、疾病症状地英语表达集锦英汉对照

) He is under the weather. (他不舒服，生病了。

)He began to feel unusually tired. (他感到反常的疲倦。

)He feels light-headed. (他觉得头晕。

)She has been shut-in for a few days. (她生病在家几天了。

麻醉英文词汇

麻醉英文词汇 A abortive measles virus 缺损麻疹病毒acidosis 酸中毒，酸血症acquired immune deeficiency syndrome(ALDS) 获得性免疫缺损隐综合征（艾滋病）acute lymphadenitis 急性淋巴结炎acute myelitis 急性脊髓炎acute polyneuroradiculitis 感染性多发性神经根炎acyclovir 无环鸟苷adenosine arabinoside(Ara—A) 阿糖腺苷adherence factor 粘附因子agglutination test 凝集试验alanine aminotransferase(ALT) 丙氨酸转氨酶albumincytological dissociation 蛋白细胞分离allergy 变态反应alternative pathway 替代途径amebic dysentery 阿米巴痢疾amebiasis;amebosis 阿米巴病ameboma 阿米巴瘤amodiaquine dihydrochloridum （二）盐酸氨酚喹啉amoeba histolytica 溶组织阿米巴amoebic liver abscess 阿米巴肝脓肿amoxicillin 羟氨苄青霉素amphoterincin B 两性霉素B ampicilln 氨苄青霉素anaerobic bacteria;anaerobe 厌氧菌anoxemia 缺氧血症anoxia 缺氧ansamycin 袢霉素anthrax 炭疽antibiotic 抗生素antibody 抗体antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 抗体依赖细胞介导的细胞毒antigen 抗原antigeic drift 抗原漂移antigenic shift 抗原转移antioxin 抗毒素apparent infection 显性感染arachidonic acid 花生四烯酸Ascoli’s test 炭疽环状沉淀试验asphyxia 窒息aspiration of sputum 吸痰atypical form 非典型型atypical measles 异型麻疹autoimmunity 自身免疫 B bacillary dysentery 细菌性痢疾bacteremia 菌血症bacterium(Pl．bacteria) 细菌bacertial culture 细菌培养bacteral food poisoning 细菌性食物中毒bacterial infectious diseades 细菌性传染病basal diet 基础饮食biopsy 活组织检查bleeding tendency 出血倾向biologicals 生物制品biphasic fever 双相热blood picture;blood figure 血像bloody stool 血便bordetella 鲍特杆菌属borrelia 包柔氏螺旋体属borrlia obermeieri 欧伯门亚螺旋体borrelia recurrentis 回归热螺旋体botulism 肉毒中毒Brill-Zinsser disease 勃秦氏病（复发性斑疹伤寒）brucellosis 布鲁氏菌病brudzinski’s sign 布鲁辛征Brugia malayi 马来丝虫brugia timori 帝纹丝虫Ccampylibacter 弯曲菌campylobacter coli 结肠弯曲菌campylobacter enteritis 弯曲菌肠炎campylobacter fitus 胎儿弯曲菌camyplobacter genus 弯曲菌属campylobacter jejuni 空肠弯曲菌campylobacter jejuni enteritis 空肠弯曲菌肠炎campylobacter laridis 海欧弯曲菌campylobacter pybridis 幽门弯曲菌campylobacter aputorum 唾液弯曲菌carbenicillin 羧苄青霉素carrier 病原携带者carrier state 病原携带状态cefazolin 头孢唑啉cefoperazone(cefobid) 头孢氧哌羟苯唑（先峰必）ceftrizxone 头孢三嗪噻肟cefuroxime 头孢呋肟cellular immunity 细胞免疫cephalothin 头孢噻吩cephalosporin 头孢菌素cercarial dermatitis 尾蚴怀皮炎cestodiasis 绦虫病chickenpox;varicella 水痘chloroquine phosphate 磷酸氯喹Cholera 霍乱chronic active hepatitis(CAH) 慢性活动性肝炎chronic asymptomatic HBv carriers 慢性无症状乙型肝炎病毒携带者chronic persistent hepatitis(CPH) 慢性迁延性肝炎chyluria 乳糜尿circumoral pallor 口围苍白classical pathway 经典途径clindamycin 氯林可霉素clinical pattern 临床类型cloxaillin 邻氯青霉素clostridium botulinum 肉毒杆菌clostrdium botulinum food poisoning 肉毒杆菌食物中毒clostridium perfringens 产气荚膜杆菌communicable disease 传染病complement 补体complenent fixation test(CFT) 补体结合试验complication 并发症comvalescent stage 恢复期convalescence 恢复期coombs’test 抗人球蛋白试验coxiella burnetii 作纳特氏立克次体critical stage 极期cytotoxin 细胞毒素Ddehydration 脱水dingue fever 登革热dengue hemorrhagic fever 登革出血热diarrhea 腹泻dicloxacillin 双氯青霉素dipetalonema perstans 常现丝虫dipetalonema slreptocera 链尾丝虫diphtheria 白喉dipterex 敌百虫disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC) 播散性血管内凝血diuresis 多尿double-rised fever 双峰热drunken features 酒醉面貌dysentery bacilli 痢疾杆菌Eecchymosis 瘀斑econazde 益康唑elephantiasis 象皮肿enanthema 粘膜疹encephalitis B Japanica 日本乙型脑炎endotoxin 肉毒素enterotoxin 肠毒素enteropathogenic Escherichia coli 致病性大肠杆菌enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) 酶联免疫吸附试验epidimic 流行epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis 流行性脑脊髓膜炎epidemic encephalitis B 流行性乙型脑炎epidemic hemorragic fever(EHF) 流行性出血热epidemic parotitis 流行性腮腺炎epidemic tyhus 流行性斑疹伤寒epididymitis 附睾炎eruption 发疹翻译公司erythrocytic stage 红细胞内期erythogenic toxin 红疹毒素etiology 病原学exanthema subitum 幼儿急疹exoerythrocytic stage 红细胞外期exotoxin 外毒素Ffamilial periodic paralysis 家族性周期性麻痹fecal-oral transmission 粪一口途径传播filarial fever 丝虫热filariasis 丝虫热flavivirus 黄热病毒属（登革热）forest encephalitis 森林脑炎furopromide 呋喃丙胺fusion protein 融合蛋白Ggancyclovir 丙氧鸟苷general teratment 一般治疗giardiasis 贾第鞭毛虫病globoroseomycin 球红霉素GM1ganglioside 单涎酸神经节苷脂Guillain-Barre syndrome 感染性多发性神经根炎Hhaemolysin(HL) 血溶素hantaan virus 汉坦病毒HBcAg 乙型肝炎核心抗原HBeAg 乙型肝炎e抗原HBsAg 乙型肝炎表面抗原Hecht’s giant-cell pneumonia 麻疹巨细胞肺炎hemagglutini 血凝素hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) 肾综合症出血热hemorrhagic nephroso-nephritis(HNN) 出血热肾病肾炎hepadnaviridae 嗜肝病毒种hepatitisA 甲型肝炎hepatitisB 乙型肝炎hepatitisC 丙型肝炎hepatitisD 丁型肝炎hepatitisE 戊型肝炎herpes-zoster 带状疱疹Herxheimer reaction 赫氏反应heterophil agglutination test 嗜异凝集试验human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) 人类免疫缺陷病毒human rotavirus(HRV) 人类轮状病毒human T-lymphotropic virusⅢ(HTLV-Ⅲ) 人类嗜T淋巴细胞病毒Ⅲ型hydrocele 鞘膜腔积液hydrophabia 恐水病，狂犬病hydroxypiperaquine 羟基哌喹hydroxypiperquine phosphate 磷酸羟基哌喹hypervolemic syndrome 高血容量综合征IimmuneRNA(iRNA) 免疫核糖核酸immunoblotting 免疫转印immunomodulator 免疫调节剂immunoglobulin(IG) 免疫球蛋白inapparent infection 隐性感染infection 传染，感染infectious disease 传染病infectious mononucleosis 传染性单核细胞增多症influenza 流行性感染interferon 干扰素interleukin-2 白细胞介素—2intestinal amebiasis 阿米巴痢疾Ixodes dammini 丹明尼硬蜱Ixodes pacificus 太平洋硬蜱Ixodes persulcatus 森林硬蜱，金硬蜱Ixodes ricinus 蓖子硬蜱Jjaundice 黄疽KKala-azar 黑热病Kanagawa test 神奈川试验Kaposi’s sarcoma 卡波剂氏肉瘤ketoconazole 酮康唑Kering’s sign 克尼格征Killer cell 杀伤细胞Koplid’s spot s 柯氏斑Korean hemorrhagic fever(KHF) 朝鲜出血热LLassa fever 拉沙热latent infection 潜伏性感染Ligionella pneumohpillia 嗜肺军团杆菌Legionnaires’disease 军团病Leishmania donovani 杜氏利什曼原虫lentivirus 慢病毒leptospirosis 钩端螺旋体病leucotriene(LT) 白烯limulus lysate test(LLT) 鲎血溶解物试验lyncomycin 林可霉素lipopolysaccharide(LPS) 脂多糖Lou loa 罗可丝虫LPS-binding protein 脂多糖结合蛋白lyme disease 莱姆病lymph scrotum 阴囊淋巴肿lymphadenitis 淋巴结炎lymphadenovarix 淋巴结肿大lymphadenopathy associated virus(LAV) 淋巴结病相关病毒lymphangivarix 淋巴管曲张lymphangitis 淋巴管炎lysozyme 溶菌酶Mmalaria 疟疾malarial pigment 疟色素mansonella ozzardi 孟欧丝虫measles 麻疹meflquine hydrochloridum 盐酸甲氟酸meningocin 脑膜炎双球菌细菌素merozoite 裂殖子methicillin 甲氧苯青霉素methimidol 盐酸甲唑醇miconazole 咪康唑microfilaria 微丝蚴mumps 流行性腮腺炎murine typhus 鼠型斑疹伤寒Nnafcillin 乙氧萘青霉素naloxone 钠络酮nature killer cell 自然杀伤细胞negri body 内基小体meuraminidase 神经氨酸酶neuronophagia 噬神经细胞现象nithiocyamine 硝硫氰胺nitric oxide 氧化亚氮nitropuine 硝喹nontyphoidal salmonellosis 非伤寒沙门氏菌感染norfloxacin 氟哌酸nosocomial infection 医院内感染nystatin 制霉菌素Ooliguria 少尿onchocerca volvulus 盘尾丝虫orchitis 睾丸炎orntthodoros 媒介昆虫软体蜱，纯缘蜱属open rdad frame 开放性读框opiod 阿片炎outbreak 暴发ovale malaria 卵形疟oxacillin 苯唑青霉素Ppararosamilline pamoate 双羟萘酸副品红paratyphoid fever 副伤寒penicillin G benzathine 苄星青霉素G pentamidine 戊脘脒pepticloglycan 肽糖酐periodicity 周期性peroral 经口的pertussis 百日咳pestis 鼠疫petechia 瘀点pipemidic acid 吡哌酸piperapuine 哌喹piperaquine phosphate 磷酸哌喹plague 鼠疫plasma protamine paracoagulation 血浆鱼精蛋白副凝试验pokinete 动合子poliomyelitis 脊髓灰质炎poliovirus 脊髓灰质炎病毒poly human serum albumine receptor 聚合人血清白蛋白poly I：C 聚肌胞polymerase chain reaction 聚合酶链反应ponteac fever 庞提阿克热post diphtherlc patalysis 白喉后麻痹primunition 相对免疫，带虫免疫primaquine 伯氨喹properdin 备解素prostaglandin 前列腺素prostacyclin 前列环素proviral DNA 前病毒DNApulmonary filariasis 肺型丝虫病pyemia 脓毒症pyquiton 吡喹酮pyracrine phosphate 磷酸咯啶pyronaridine phosphate 磷酸咯萘啶QQ fever Q热quartan malaria 三日疟quinine sulfate 硫酸奎宁Rrabies 狂犬病翻译公司rdlapse 复发relapsing fever 回归热related vibrios 相关弧菌remittent fever 弛张热remittent stage 缓解期repeated infection 重复感染reservoir host 贮存宿主retrovirus 人类逆转录病毒ribavirin 三氮唑核苷rickettsemia 立克次体血症rickettsia 立克次体rickettsia buretii 伯纳特立克次体rickettsia mooseri 莫氏立克次体rickettsia ortientalis 东方立克次体rickettsia prowazekii 普氏立克次体rickettsia tsutsugamushi 恙虫病立克次体rickettsiosis 立克次体病roseola infantum 幼儿急疹rubella 风疹rubeola 麻疹Russion spring-summer encephatitis 苏联春夏型脑炎，森林脑炎Ssalmonella typhimurium 鼠伤寒沙门氏菌scarlet fever 猩红热schistosomiasis 血吸虫病schizont 裂殖体septicemia 败血症septic shock 感染性休克Shwartzmans reaction 施瓦茨曼反应S chick’s test 锡克试验smallpox 天花sodium antimony subgallate 没食子酸锑钠source of infection 传染源spirochetemia 螺旋体血症sterillization 消毒street virus 街毒subacute scletosing panencephalitis(SSPE) 亚急性硬化性全脑炎subclinical infection 亚临床感染subtertain malaria 恶性疟sudden infant death syndrome(SIDS) 婴儿猝死综合征superinfection 重复感染supportive treatment 支持疗法susceptibility of masses 人群易感性syphilis 梅毒Tteichoic acid 菌壁磷壁酸temporary carrier 暂时携带者tertian malaria 间日疟thrombcxane 血栓素togaviridae 披膜病毒科（登革热）toxemia 毒血症Tropical splenomegaly syndrome 热带巨脾综合征tsutsugamushi diseade 恙虫病tularimia 兔热病，土拉菌病typhoid fever 伤寒Uuncinariasis 钩虫病undulant fever 波状热Vvaccine 疫苗vanishing of the rashes 退疹varicella 水痘varicella zoster virus,VZV 水痘带状疱疹病毒vector 媒介vertical transmission 垂直传播vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌vibrio fetus 胎儿弧菌vibrio eltor 爱尔托弧菌viral gastroenteritis 病毒性胃肠炎viral hepatitis 病毒性肝炎viremia 病毒血症virulence 毒务visceral leishmaniasis 内脏利什曼病WWarthin-Finkeldey cells 华佛细胞Warerhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome 华佛氏综合Weil-Felix rdaction 外斐氏反应whooping cough 百日咳Widal reacteon 肥达氏反应Wuchereria bancrofti 斑氏丝虫Yyaws 雅司病yellow fever 黄热病Zzygote 合子zymosan 酵母多糖advanced life support ( ALS) /[d5va:nst laif s[5pC:t/ 进一步生命支持allergic reaction (Anaphylactic reaction) /[5l\:dVik ri:5AkF([)n (7An[fi5lAktik)/ 过敏反应anesthesia induction /7An[s5Wi:zi[ in5dQkF([)n/ 麻醉诱导anesthesiology /5Anis7Wi:zi5Rl[dVi/ 麻醉学aspiration /7Asp[5reiF([)n/ 误吸balanced anesthesia /5bAl[nsd 7An[s5Wi:zi[/ 平衡麻醉basic life support ( BLS) /5beisik laif s[5pC:t/ 基本生命支持brachial plexus block /5breiki[l 5pleks[s blCk/ 臂丛阻滞Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation /7ka:di[u5pQlm[n[ri 5seribr([)l (s[5ri:br[l) ri7sQsi5teiF[n/ 心肺脑复苏caudal anesthesia /5kC:d([)l 7An[s5Wi:zi[/ 骶麻central venous pressure (CVP) /5sentr([)l 5vi:n[s 5preF[(r)/ 中心静脉压cervical nerve block /s[5vaik([)l (5s\:vik([)l 5n\:v blCk/ 颈丛阻滞endotracheal intubation /7end[u5treiki[l 7intju:5beiF[n/ 气管内插管epidural anesthesia /7epi5dju[r([)l 7An[s5Wi:zi[/ 硬膜外麻醉external chest compression /ek5st\:n([)l tFest k[m5preF([)n/ 胸外按压general anesthesia /5dVen[r[l 7An[s5Wi:zi[/ 全麻hypoxemia /7haipCk5si:mi[/ 低氧血症hypoxia /hai5pCksi[/ 缺氧infiltration anesthesia /7infil5treiF[n 7An[s5Wi:zi[/ 浸润麻醉inhalational anesthesia /7inh[leiF[n[l 7An[s5Wi:zi[/ 吸入全麻Intensive Care Unit (ICU) /in5tensiv ke[(r) 5ju:nit/ 重症监护治疗室local anesthetic /l[uk[l 7An[s5Wetik/ 局麻药muscle relaxants /5mQs([)l ri5lAks[nt/ 肌松剂premedication/pri7medi5keiF[n/ 术前药prolonged life support ( PLS) /pr[5lCNd laif s[5pC:t/ 延续生命支持regional anesthesia /5ri:dV[n([)l 7An[s5Wi:zi[/ 局部麻醉(部位麻醉) spinal anesthesia/5spain([)l 7An[s5Wi:zi[/ 脊麻( 腰麻) total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) /5t[ut([)l 7intr[5vi:n[s 7An[s5Wi:zi[/ 全凭静脉麻醉toxic reaction /5tCksik ri:5AkF([)n/ 毒性反应urinary retention/5ju[rin[ri ri5tenF([)n/ 尿潴留医药词汇分类：麻醉专业英语词汇麻醉专业词汇 <DIV class=t_msgfont id=message112429>A abate 减轻，减少 abatement 减轻 abbreviated 缩短的，省略的 abdomen 腹部 abdominal 腹部的 abdominal breathing 腹式呼吸 abdominal delivery 剖腹产 abdominal hysterectomy procedure 经腹子宫切除手术 abdominal respiration 腹式呼吸 abdominal section 剖腹术 abdominalgia 腹痛 abdominoscopy 腹腔镜检查 abdominothoracic 胸腹的 abdominouterectomy 腹式子宫切除术 ablation脱离，部分切除（术） abnormal sensation感觉异常 abolition of reflex 反射消失 aboulia意识缺失 abrosia 禁食 abscess 脓肿 absent respiration 呼吸音消失，无呼吸音呼吸 absolute arrhythmia 绝对心律不齐 absolute diet 禁食，绝食 absolute temperature 绝对温度 absorber 吸收器，过滤器，吸收管，减震器 absorbite 活性碳，吸附器 absorption吸收 abulia 意识缺失 abuse 违反操作规程，滥用 acanthi 棘突，棘 accentuation 增强，亢进 access 存取，进口，入口 accessory respiratory muscle 辅助呼吸肌 accident hemorrhage 意外性出血 accident ward 急诊室 accidental dural puncture 意外性硬脊膜刺穿 accidental extubation意外拔管 accommodator 调节器 accountant 计算装置 accumulation 积蓄 accumulator 蓄电池，存储器 accuracy 准确度，精度 aceology 药疗学 acetone bodies 酮体 acetylcholine乙酰胆碱 acetylcholine esterase 乙酰胆碱酯酶 acid 酸，酸的，酸性的 acid baseequilibrium酸碱平衡 acid-base balance 酸碱平衡 acid-base equilibrium 酸碱平衡 acid-intoxication 酸中毒 acidemia酸血症 acidosic 酸中毒的 acidosis 酸中毒 acidotic 酸中毒的 acies 边缘，缘 acinus renis 肾小球 acmesthesia 针刺感觉 acography 治疗记录 acology 治疗学 aconuresis 小便失禁 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome（AIDS） 获得性免疫缺陷综合症，艾滋病 acratia 无力 acraturesis 排尿无力 acrinia 分泌缺乏 acro-agnosis 肢体感缺失 acro-anesthesia 四肢麻木 acro-asphyxia 肢端缺氧 acroaesthesia 感觉过敏，肢痛 acrocheir 指尖 acrocyanosis 手足发绀 acropachy 杵状指 acroparalysis 肢体瘫痪 acroparesthesia 肢端感觉异常 acrostealgia 肢端痛 acroteric 末梢的，周围的 action of arrest 阻止作用 action potential 动作电位 action-current 动作电流 activate 活化，激活，致活 activated state 激活状态 actual 实际的，现实的 acuesthesia 听觉 acupuncture 针刺 acupuncture anesthesia 针刺麻醉 acupuncture anesthesia apparatus 针麻仪 acute 急性的 acute abdomen 急腹症 acute abscess 急性脓肿 acute anemia 急性贫血 acutenaculum 持针器 acute pain 急性疼痛 addition 加，添加 additive action 相加作用 additive effect 相加作用 ademonia 精神紧张，苦闷 adenomammectomy 乳腺切除术 adenopharyngitis 咽扁桃体炎 adenophyma 淋巴结肿 adherent 粘连的 adhesiectomy 粘连切除术 adhesive electrode 贴附电极 adiabatic 绝热的 adiaemorrhysis 血液循环停止 adipose 肥胖的，脂肪的 adiposis 肥胖症 adiposis universalis 全身肥胖症 adiposity 肥胖（症） aditus glottidis inferior 声门下口 aditus glottidis superior 声门上口 adjection 附加作用 adjunction 附加（药物） adjustable oxygen density face mask 可调氧浓度面罩 adjustable synchronous respirator 可控同步呼吸机 administration 给予，投与，管理 adrenalectomy 肾上腺切除术 adsorbent 吸附剂 adsorption 吸附作用 adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 成人型呼吸窘迫综合症 advanced life support (ALS) 后期复苏 adverse reaction 不良反应 aeremia 气栓，气泡栓塞 aero-emphysema 肺气肿 aeroperitoneum 气腹 aeropleura 气胸 aerosol therapy 雾化疗法 aerosolization 雾化给药 aesthema 感觉 aesthesia 感觉 aesthesis感觉 agent 物质，药物，作用因子 aging 老化，老龄化 aglobulia红细胞减少 aglobuliosis 红细胞减少 agnogenic 原因不明的 agomphiasis 无牙，缺牙，牙动 agomphious 无牙的，缺牙的 agomphosis无牙，缺牙，牙动 agonal breathing 终末频死呼吸 agonist 兴奋剂，激动剂 air duct 通气道 air embolism 空气栓塞 air pressure gauge 空气压力表 air-bag 气囊 air-gun 喷雾器 airway 气道，呼吸器 airway control 气道保持通畅，气道控制 airway obstruction 气道阻塞 airway pressure 气道压 airwayresistance 气道阻力 airway stenosis 气道狭窄 akromegaly 肢端巨大症 alae nasi 鼻翼 albedo retinae 视网膜水肿 albumen 白蛋白 albumin 白蛋白 algaesthesis 痛觉 alganesthesia 痛觉缺失 algesia 痛觉 algesic 疼痛的 algogenesia 疼痛产生 algogenesis 疼痛产生 algospasm 痛性痉挛 alkalemia 碱血症 alkali 碱 alkali reserve 碱储备，碱储量 alkali-poisoning 碱中毒 alkalosis 碱中毒 alkalotic碱中毒的 allergia 变应性，过敏性，变应反应 allergic constitution 过敏体质，变态性体质 allergic reaction 变态反应，过敏反应 allolalia 言语障碍 allomnesia 记忆障碍 allophasis 语无伦次 allophemy 语无伦次 alloplasia 发育异常 alveolar 肺泡的 alveolar air 肺泡气 alveolar gas 肺泡气 alveolar gas exchange 肺泡气体交换 alveolar hypoventilation 肺泡通气不足 alveolar hypoxia 肺泡性缺氧 alveolar ventilation 肺泡通气 ambulance 急救车 ambulatorium 门诊所，诊所 aminofilina 氨茶碱 aminophylline 氨茶碱 amnesia 记忆缺失，遗忘（症） amnestic 遗忘的，引起遗忘的 amnionic fluid embolism 羊水栓塞（症） amniotic embolism 羊水栓塞 amyasthenia 肌无力 amyasthenic 肌无力的 anaemia 贫血 analgesia 止痛 analgesic 镇痛的，止痛药 analgesic action 镇痛作用 analgesist 麻醉医师 analgetic 镇痛药，止痛的 anapausis 催眠 anapetia 血管扩张 anaphylactic shock 过敏性休克 anaphylaxis 过敏反应 anaplasty 整形术 anapnea 窒息解除 anapnoea 窒息解除 anastomosis 吻合术 anatomical dead space 解剖死腔 anatomy 解剖（学） ancon 肘 anesthecinesia 感觉与运动能力缺失 anesthesia 麻醉 anesthesia by freezing 冷冻麻醉 anesthesia chart 麻醉记录（用纸） anesthesia machine 麻醉机 anesthesia record 麻醉记录 anesthesia set 麻醉器械包 anesthesiologist 麻醉学家 anesthesiology 麻醉（科）学 anesthesiophore 有麻醉作用的 anesthetic action 麻醉作用 anesthetic agent 麻醉药 anesthetic apparatus 麻醉机 anesthetic drug 麻醉药 anesthetic equipment leakage 麻醉装置漏气 anesthetic machine 麻醉机 anesthetic pollution 麻醉药污染 anesthetic potency麻醉效能 anesthetic toxicity 麻醉药毒性 angina epiglottidea 会厌炎 angina laryngea 喉炎 angina pectoris 心绞痛 angio-edema 血管（神经）性水肿 angiocardiography 心血管造影术 angiocavernoma 海绵状血管瘤 angiosclerosis 血管硬化 angiospasm 血管痉挛 angiospastic anemia 血管痉挛性贫血 anonymous cartilage 环状软骨 antagonism 拮抗 antagonist 拮抗药，对抗肌 antanacathartic 止吐药，止吐的 antasthmatic 止喘的，止喘药 antegrade amnesia 顺行性健忘（症） antemetic 止吐的，止吐剂 anti-disturbance 抗干扰 antianxiety drugs 抗焦虑药 antibody 抗体 antidote 解毒药 antiemetic 止吐剂 antiemetic drug 止吐药 antihistamine drug 抗组胺药 antihypertensive agent 降压药，抗高血压药物 antihypertensive drug 降压药 antinarcotic麻醉拮抗药 antinauseant 止恶心药，抗恶心的 antispasmodic 解痉药 antispastic 解痉药 anxiety 不安，苦闷 anxiety state 焦虑状态 anxiolytic 抗不安药，抗不安的 anxiolytic agent 抗不安药，抗焦虑药 anxiolytics 抗焦虑药 aorta abdominalis 腹主动脉 apnoea 呼吸暂停，窒息 apparatus 装置，器具，器械 appreciation 鉴定 arachnoid 蛛网膜（的） arachnoid cavity 硬膜下腔 araiocardia 心搏徐缓 arrhythmia 心律不齐，心律失常，无节律 arrhythmia respiratoria呼吸性心律不齐 arousal reaction 唤醒反应 arrest 停止 arrhythmia 心律不齐 arteria 动脉 arteria axillaris 腋动脉 arteria brachialis 肱动脉 arteria carotis communis 颈总动脉 arteria carotis externa 颈外动脉 arteria carotis interna 颈内动脉 arteria dorsalis pedis 足背动脉 arteria femoralis 股动脉 arteria radialis 桡动脉 arteria subclavia 锁骨下动脉 arteria ulnaris 尺动脉 arteria vertebralis 椎动脉 arterial catheter 动脉内置（插）管 arterial embolism 动脉栓塞（症） arterial pressure transducer 动脉压换能器 arterial transfusion 动脉输血（法） arteriopuncture 动脉穿刺 arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化 arteriospasm 动脉痉挛 artificial 人工的 artificial abortion 人工流产 artificial blood vessel 人造血管 artificial breathing 人工呼吸 artificial circulation 人工循环 artificial respiration 人工呼吸 artificial teeth 假牙，义齿 artificial ventilation 人工通气 aspiration 吸引，误吸 aspiration pneumonia 吸入性肺炎 aspiration pneumonitis 吸入性局灶性肺炎 aspirator 吸引器，吸引装置 assist/control-mode ventilation (A/CMV) 辅助/控制通气 asthma 支气管过敏，哮喘 asthmatic attack 哮喘发作 asthmatic crisis 哮喘危象 asthmatoid wheeze 哮喘样喘鸣 asthmatorthopnea 哮喘性端坐呼吸 atrial fibrillation 心房颤动 atrial flutter 心房扑动 atrionector 窦房结 atrioventricular heart-block 房室传导阻滞 attack 发作 auricular fibrillation心房纤颤 auricular flutter 心房扑动 autohemotransfusion 自体输血 autotransfusion 自身输血 awaken test 唤醒试验 activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) 活化部分凝血酶原时间 alanine aminotransferase(ALT)丙氨氨基转移酶 aspartate aminotransferase(AST) 天门冬酸氨基转移酶 alkaline phosphatase(AKP) 碱性磷酸酶 albumin白蛋白 atrial hypertrophy心房肥大 atrial premature beat房性早博 atrial flutter心房扑动 atrial fibrillation心房颤动 anemia贫血 auriculo-ventrivular block房室传导阻滞 atelectasis肺不张 angina心绞痛 adult respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) 成人呼吸窘迫综合征 anterior-lateral decompression of spinal canal for vertebral fracture and dislocation脊柱骨折脱位椎管侧前方减压术 amputation of forearm前臂截肢术 arthrodesis of metacarpal joint of thumb拇指腕掌关节融合术 arthroplasty of metacarpophalangeal joint掌指关节成形术 amputation through thigh大腿截肢术 amputation through leg小腿截肢术 ankle athroplasty人工踝关节置换 arthrodesis of ankle踝关节融合术 ankylosis of temporomandibular joint颞下颌关节强直 arthroplasty of temporomandibular joint颞下颌关节成形术 adenolymphoma腺淋巴瘤 adenoid cystic carcinoma腺样囊性癌 ameloblastoma造釉细胞瘤 aneurysm动脉瘤 acquired arteriovenous fistula 后天性动静脉瘘 accessory auricle副耳 alar collapse鼻翼萎缩征 acute abdomen急腹症 appendicitis阑尾炎 anal fistula肛瘘 anal fissure肛裂 acute pancreatitis急性胰腺炎 adhesive intestinal obstruction粘连性肠梗阻 appendicectomy阑尾切除术 abdominoperineal resection of anus and rectum(Mile's operation) 直肠、肛管经腹会阴联合切除术 arterial embolism动脉血栓 arteriosclerotic vascular disease动脉硬化性血管病 aorta-arteritis大动脉炎 aortoiliac and aortofenoral bypass腹主动脉－髂动脉架桥术及腹主动脉－股动脉架桥术 aortoiliac endarterectomy腹主动脉及髂内动脉内膜剥脱数 B backward heart-failure 反向性心力衰竭 balanced anesthesia 平衡麻醉 basal anesthesia 基础麻醉 basal metabolic rate 基础代谢率 basal narcosis 基础麻醉 basic life support (BLS) 初期复苏，基本生命支持 basis anesthesia 基础麻醉 bathypnea 深呼吸 bigemina 二联律 bigeminy 二联律 bleeding tendency 出血倾向 blepharedema 眼睑水肿 blepharoedema 眼睑水肿 blepharoptosis 眼睑下垂 blind intubation 盲探插管 blind nasotracheal intubation 经鼻盲探插管术 block 阻滞，阻断 block anesthesia 阻滞麻醉 blockage 阻滞，阻塞，阻断 blocking 阻断 blocking agent 阻断剂，阻滞剂，阻抑剂 blood donation 供血 blood donor 供血者 blood fat 血脂 blood gas 血气 blood gas analyzer 血气分析仪 blood group 血型 blood preparation 血液制剂 blood recipient 受血者 blood sample 血样 blood sugar 血糖 blood supply 血液供给 blood transfusion 输血 bloodtransfusion apparatus 输血器 blood transfusion reaction 输血反应 blood-brain barrier 血脑屏障 blood-cerebrospinal barrier 血-脑屏障 bloody urine 血尿 blood volume 血容量 body 体，身体 body fluid 体液 body height 身高 body position 体位 body posture 体位 body surface aren 体表面积 body weight 体重 bolus dose 单次剂量 brachial plexus block 臂丛阻滞 brachial plexus block by axillary route 腋窝法臂丛神经阻滞 brachial plexus block by interscalene route 斜角肌间法臂丛神经阻滞 brachial plexus block by subclavicular route 经锁骨下路臂丛神经阻滞 brachial plexus block by supraclavicular route 锁骨上法臂丛神经阻滞 brachial plexus paralysis 臂丛神经麻痹 brachiplex臂丛 brachycardia 心动过缓 breast bone 胸骨 breast-pang 心绞痛 breath analyzer 呼吸气体分析仪 breathing-holding 吸气屏气 breat h holding test (Sebarese’s test) 屏气试验 breathing circle system 呼吸环路系统 bronchial catheter with double tubes 双腔支气管导管 bronchial spasm 支气管痉挛 bronchiospasm 支气管痉挛 bronchodilator 支气管扩张药 bronchofiberscope 纤维支气管镜 bucking 呛咳 bundle branch block 束支传导阻滞 burn 烧伤 blood platelets count(BPC) 血小板计数 blood uria nitrogen(BUN) 血清尿素氮 blood sugar血糖 bundle branch block束支传导阻滞 bronchitis支气管炎 bronchiectasis支气管扩张 bronchial asthma支气管哮喘 breath holding test屏气试验 Boyd’samputation Boyd 截肢术 benign tumor良性肿瘤 branchial cleft cyst鳃裂囊肿 bacterial liver abscess细菌性肝脓肿 bile duct tumor胆管肿瘤 bypass operation for intestinal obstruction肠梗阻捷径手术 biliary enterostomy胆肠内引流术 Buerger discase血栓闭塞性脉管炎 bypass with reversed autogenous long saphenous vein自体大隐静脉导致转流术 C capillary 毛细血管的 capillary bed毛细血管床 capillary bleeding 毛细血管出血 capillary fragility 毛细血管脆性 carbon dioxide combining power 二氧化碳结合力 carbon dioxide retention 二氧化碳蓄积 cardiac arrest 心脏停搏 cardiac death 心脏猝死 cardiac decompensation 心代偿失调 cardiac defibrillator 心脏除颤器 cardiac depressant 心脏抑制剂 cardiac depression 心脏抑制 cardiac dyspnea 心原性呼吸困难 cardiac edema 心原性水肿 cardiac index (CI) 心脏指数 cardiac insufficiency 心功能不全 cardiac massage 心脏按摩（压） cardiac output (CO) 心排出量 cardiac reserve 心脏储备力 cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) 心肺脑复苏 cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) 心肺复苏 carina 隆突 cartilage 软骨 cartilago arytaenoidea 勺状软骨 cartilago cricoidea 环状软骨 cartilago gutturalis勺状软骨 cartilago peltata 甲状软骨 cauda equina syndrome 马尾综合症 caudal anesthesia 骶管麻醉 caudal block 骶管阻滞 cavum epidurale 硬膜外腔 cavum subarachnoidale 蛛网膜下腔 cavum subdurale 硬膜下腔 cavum thoracis 胸腔 central venous pressure （CVP）中心静脉压 cerebral edema 脑水肿 cerebrospinal fluid（CSF）脑脊液 cerebral resuscitation 脑复苏 cerebrovascular accident 脑血管意外 cervical plexus block 颈神经丛阻滞 cervical vertebra 颈椎 cervicobrachial pain 颈臂痛 chemosis球结膜水肿 chill 寒战，受寒 choloplania 黄疸 chondralgia软骨痛 chromaffin cells 嗜铬细胞 chronic pain 慢性疼痛 classification 分类 clavicle锁骨 clavicular 锁骨的 cleftpalate 腭裂 clinical analysis 临床分析 clinography 临床记录 close system 紧闭装置 closed chest cardiac compression 胸外心脏按压 CO2 absorbent 二氧化碳吸收剂 CO2 acummulation 二氧化碳蓄积 collarbone 锁骨 colloid 胶体 colloid oncotic pressure 胶体渗透压 colloid osmotic pressure 胶体渗透压 colloid solution 胶体溶液 colloidal 胶体的 coma position 昏迷状态 combination 结合，复合 combined anesthesia 复合麻醉 competitive 竞争的 competitive agent 竞争性药物 competitive drug 竞争性药物 component transfusion 成分输血 congenital 先天的 congestive heart failure 充血性心力衰竭 conscious intubation 清醒插管术 contamination 污染 continuous epidural anesthesia 持续硬膜外麻醉 continuous intravenous infusion 持续静脉输入 continuous positive pressure breathing 持续正压呼吸（法） continuous positive pressure ventilation持续正压通气 continuous spinal anesthesia 持续脊髓麻醉 controlled hypotension 控制性降压 controlled respiration 控制呼吸 control-mode ventilation (CMV)控制通气 corectasis 瞳孔散大 corediastasis 瞳孔散大 costal cartilage 肋软骨 cough 咳嗽 cough reflex 咳嗽反射 cranial bone 颅骨 craniocerebral 颅脑的 crico-esophageal compress 环-食管压迫手法 cricoid cartilage 环状软骨 cricoid pressure 环状软骨压迫（法） cricothyroid membrane 环甲膜 cricothyrotomy 环甲膜切开（术） crisis 危像 critical 危重的，临界的 critical care medicine 急救医学，危重医学 crowing convulsion 喘鸣性喉痉挛 cruenturesis 血尿 crush syndrome 挤压综合症 cumulative 蓄积的 creatinine(Cr) 血清肌酐 cardiac function心功能 coronary heart disease 冠心病 congenital heart disease先天性心脏病 cardiomyopathy心肌病 chronic pulmonary heart disease慢性肺源性心脏病 cirrhosis of liver肝硬化 cerebral hemorrhage脑出血 cerebral infarction脑梗塞 coma昏迷 corrective operation of scoliosis and kyphosis脊柱侧突及后凸畸形矫形术 curettage and excision with bone grafting for enchondroma软骨瘤刮除与切除 close reduction and internal fixation by compressive screws for femoral neck fracture股骨颈骨折闭合复位加压螺纹钉内固定术 Condylar fracture髁突骨折 Capillary hemangioma毛细管型血管瘤 Cavernous hemangioma海绵状血管瘤 Curettage of cyst囊肿刮除术 carcinoma of tongue舌癌 Carcinoma of check 颊癌 Carcinoma of gingival牙龈癌 Carcinoma of mouth floor口底癌 Carcinoma of lip唇癌 Carcinoma of maxillary sinus上颌窦癌 Combined dissection of craniofacial颅颌联合根治术 Combined dissection of tongue ,。

第二十一章局部麻醉药local anesthetics 局部应用于外周神经

布比卡因（bupivacaine） 4、布比卡因（bupivacaine）又称麻卡因（marcaine）又称麻卡因（marcaine） • 作用较利多卡因强4~5倍作用较利多卡因强4~5 4~5倍 • 作用持续时间长，达5~10 作用持续时间长，小时
常用局麻药的比较
药物局麻起效时维持穿透毒性时间(h) 性强度间（分) 时间普鲁卡因利多卡因丁卡因布比卡因临床应用
构效关系
芳香环中间链胺基团酯类酰胺类
普鲁卡因, 普鲁卡因,丁卡因利多卡因,布比卡因利多卡因,
相对毒性大, 相对毒性大,治疗指数变态反应多, 低,变态反应多,主要由胆碱酯酶降解治疗指数较大，治疗指数较大，不良反应发生少，不良反应发生少，由肝药酶代谢
一、药理作用与机制 1、局麻作用：局麻作用：局麻作用对任何神经都有阻断作用； ◇ 对任何神经都有阻断作用；高浓度时也抑制平滑肌和骨骼肌 ◇ 对神经细胞膜静息电位无明显影响，主要抑制动作电位；显影响，主要抑制动作电位；
• 超量、吸收快或误入血管所致超量、
局麻药对中枢抑制性神经元的抑制作用比兴奋性神经元强，的抑制作用比兴奋性神经元强，药物首先对大脑皮层抑制性神经产生抑制作用，经产生抑制作用，使得皮层下中枢脱抑制而出现兴奋。中枢脱抑制而出现兴奋。可用地西泮静脉注射静脉注射，地西泮静脉注射，加强大脑皮层边缘系统GABA GABA能神经的抑制层边缘系统GABA能神经的抑制作用，可防止惊厥发生。作用，可防止惊厥发生。
1860年 Niemanl从古柯叶中 ☆ 1860年，Niemanl从古柯叶中发现可卡因；发现可卡因； 1884年 Koller将可卡因作 ☆ 1884年，Koller将可卡因作为第一个局麻药应用于眼科。为第一个局麻药应用于眼科。由于其毒性较大，使用受到限制。于其毒性较大，使用受到限制。

医院常用英语中英对照

医院英语常用语中英文对照表急诊室Emergency Room医院Hospital内科病房Medical Ward外科病房Surgical Ward儿科病房Pediatric Ward接生房Labor and Delivery手术室Operation Room (OR)心脏重症室Coronary Care Unit (CCU)重症室Intensive Care Unit (ICU)内科重症室Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU)初生婴儿重症室Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)儿科重症室Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU)外科重症室Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU)末期护理Hospice末期病患者照料居家健康服务Home Health Service药疗、物理治疗等化验所Laboratory进行化验研究门诊手术中心Outpatient Surgical Center一般非严重性手术药房Pharmacy药物、医疗用品Health Care Provider医疗服务Physician医生Acupuncture针灸Allergy and Immunology过敏性专科Anesthesiology麻醉科Cardiology心脏科Cardio-Thoracic Surgery心胸外科Chiropractic脊椎神经科Colorectal Surgery结肠直肠外科Dentistry牙科Dermatology皮肤科Endocrinology内分泌科Family Practice家庭科Gastroenterology肠胃科General Practice普通全科General Surgery普通外科Geriatrics老人病专科Hematology血液科Hepatology肝病专科Infectious Disease传染病科Internal Medicine内科Nephrology肾脏科Neurology神经科Neurosurgery神经外科Obstetrics-Gynecology妇产科Oncology癌症专科Ophthalmology眼科Optometry验光科Orthopedic Surgery骨外科Osteopathy整骨疗科Otolaryngology (ENT)耳鼻喉科Pathology病理科Pediatrics小儿科Plastic surgery整形外科Podiatry足科Psychiatry精神治疗科Physiatrics物理疗法Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation物理疗法及恢复正常生活护理Pulmonary Medicine肺科Radiation Oncology癌症放射疗科RadiologyＸ光科Urology泌尿科Vascular Surgery血管外科Other Health Care Professionals其它医疗专业人员Audiologist听觉学专家Dental Assistant牙医助理Dietitian饮食指导员Genetic Counselor遗传病辅导员Health Technician健康技员Laboratory Technician化验技员Medical Assistant医务助理Medical Technologist医学技师Nurse护士Home Visiting Nurse家访护士Nurse Midwife接生护士Nutritionist营养专家Pharmacist药剂师Pharmacologist药理学专家Physical Therapist物理治疗员Physician's Assistant医生助手Psychologist心理学专家Psychologic Counselor心理辅导员Respiratory Therapist呼吸治疗员X-Ray TechnicianＸ光科技员各种常见疾病的表达法中英对照头痛headache感冒cold咳嗽cough肺炎pneumonia肝炎hepatitis脑膜炎brain fever/meningitis膀胱炎cystitis急性胃炎acute gastritis胃炎gastritis气管炎trachitis支气管炎bronchitis阑尾炎appendicitis胃肠炎gastroenteritis乳腺炎mastitis肿瘤tumor癌症cancer禽流感bird flu/avian influenza非典SARS(Severe Acute Respiratary Syndrome)疯牛病mad cow disease黑死病black death白血病leukemia爱滋病AIDS(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) 流感influenza白内障cataract狂犬病rabies中风stroke冠心病coronary heart disease糖尿病diabetes肺癌lung cancer肝癌liver cancer肺结核pulmonary tuberculosis肝硬化hepatocirrhosis慢性病chronic肺气肿emphysema胃癌cancer of stomach胃病stomach trouble心脏病heart disease发烧fever医学英语词汇常用语过敏Allergy健康诊断Gernral Check-upPhysical Examination检查Examination入院Admission to Hospotial退院Discharge from Hospital 症状Symptom营养Nutrition病例Clinical History诊断Diagnosis治疗Treatment预防Prevention呼吸RESPiration便通Bowel Movement便Stool血液Blood脉搏Pulse, Pulsation尿Urine脉搏数Pulse Rate血型Blood Type血压Blood Pressure麻醉Anesthesia全身麻醉General Anesthesia静脉麻醉Intravenous Anesthesia 脊椎麻醉Spinal Anesthesia局部麻醉Local Anesthesia手术Operation切除Resectionlie副作用Side Effect洗净Irrigation注射InjectionX光X-Ray红外线Ultra Red-Ray慢性的Chronic急性的Acute体格Build亲戚Relative遗传Heredity免疫Immunity血清Serum流行性的Epidemic潜伏期Incubation Period滤过性病毒Virus消毒Sterilization抗生素Antibiotic脑波E.E.G洗肠Enema结核反映Tuberculin Reaction 华氏Fahrenheit摄氏Celsius, Centigrade药品Medicine================= 冰袋Ice Bag药品Medicine (Drug)绷带Bandage胶带Adhesive Tape剪刀Scissors体温计Thermometer药丸Tablet, Pill舌下锭Sublingual Tablet胶囊Capsules软膏Ointment眼药Eye Medicine止咳药Cough Medicine阿司匹林Aspirin止疼药Pain Killer药方Prescription症状及名称一般症状============================ 发烧Fever高烧High Fever发冷Chillsz发汗Sweats盗汗Night Sweats倦怠Tireness失眠Insomnia肩头发硬Stiffness in Shoulder 打喷嚏Sneeze打嗝Hiccup痒Itch腰疼Low Back Pain头疼Headache痛Pain (Ache)急性疼痛Acute Pain激痛Severe Pain钝痛dull Pain压痛Pressing Pain刺痛Sharp Pain戳痛Piercing Pain一跳一跳地痛Throbbing Pain 针扎似的痛Prickling Pain烧痛Burning Pain裂痛Tearing Pain持续痛Continuous Pain不舒服Uncomfortable绞痛Colic放射痛Rediating Pain溃烂痛Sore Pain痉挛痛Crampy Pain顽痛Persistent Pain轻痛Slight Pain血尿Bloody Urine浓尿Pyuria粘液便Mucous Stool粘土样便Clay-Colored Stool 验血Blood Analysis红血球Red Cell白血球White Cell呼吸数Respiration Rate呼气Expiration吸气Inspiration呼吸困难Difficulty in Breathing不规则脉搏Irregular Pulse慢脉Bradycardia快脉Rapid Pulse尿浑浊Cloudy Urine蛋白质Albuminuria糖尿Glucosuria瘦thin, Skinny肥Fat医院英语词汇大全children's hospital 儿童医院general hospital, polyclinic 综合医院hospital for lepers, leprosarium 麻风病院maternity hospital, lying-inhospital 产科医院mental hospital, mental home 精神病院obstetrics and gynecology hospital 妇产医院plastic surgery hospital 整形外科医院stomatological hospital 口腔医院tuberculosis hospital 结核病医院tumour hospital 肿瘤医院clinic 诊疗所first-aid station 急救站polyclinic 联合诊疗所quarantine station 防疫站（检疫所）rest home 休养所sanatorium 疗养院medical department 内科surgical department 外科anaesthesiology department 麻醉科cardiology department 心脏病科dental department 牙科dermatology department, skin department 皮肤科department of cardiac su 心脏外科department of cerebral surgery 脑外科general surgery 普通外科neurology department 神经科neurosurgery department 神经外科obstetrics and gynecology department 妇产科ophthalmology department 眼科orthopedic surgery department 矫形外科orthopedics department 骨科otorhinolaryngological department 耳鼻喉科paediatrics department 小儿科pathology department 病理科plastic surgery 整形外科psychiatry department 精神病科thoracic surgery department 胸外科traumatology department 创伤外科urology department 泌尿科radiology department 放射科registration office 挂号处out-patient department, OPD 门诊部in-patient department 住院部nursing department 护理部consulting room 诊室waiting room 候诊室admitting office 住院处emergency room 急诊室operation room, operation theatre 手术室laboratory 化验室blood bank 血库pharmacy, dispensary 药房ward 病房medical ward 内科病房surgical ward 外科病房maternity ward 产科病房isolation ward 隔离病房observation ward 观察室hospital bed 病床director of the hospital 院长head of the department of medical administration 医务部主任head of the nursing department 护理部主任head of out-patient department 门诊部主任doctor 医生head of the medical department 内科主任head of the surgical department 外科主任physician in charge, surgeon in charge, attending doctor, doctor in charge 主治医生resident physician 住院医生intern, interne 实习医生laboratory technician 化验员nurse 护士head nurse 护士长anaesthetist 麻醉师pharmacist, druggist 药剂师internist, physician 内科医生surgeon 外科医生brain specialist 脑科专家cardiac surgeon 心外科医生cardiovascular specialist 心血管专家dentist 牙科医生dermatologist 皮肤科医生ear-nose-throat doctor 耳鼻喉医生gynecologist 妇科医生heart specialist 心脏病专家neurologist, nerve specialist 神经科专家obstetrician 产科医生oculist 眼科医生oncologist 肿瘤科医生orthopedist 骨科医生paediatrician 小儿科医生plastic surgeon 整形外科医生radiologist 放射科医师radiographer 放射科技师urologist 泌尿科医生dietician 营养医师out-patient 门诊病人in-patient 住院病人medical patient 内科病人surgical patient 外科病人obstetrical patient 产科病人heart disease patient 心脏病病人emergency case 急诊病人。

【麻醉学精品PPT课件】局部麻醉药.ppt

3)
clonic convulsions（阵挛性惊厥）
4)
（-）：coma (昏迷ure (呼吸衰竭)
2) Cardiovascular System: 心力↓，传导↓，心率↓，血压↓ force of contraction ↓, conduction rate↓, heart rate↓, blood pressure↓
【techniques of local anesthesia】(局麻方式)
1、 surface anesthesia（表面麻醉）：N末梢 2、 infiltration anesthesia（浸润麻醉）：N末梢 3、 conduction anesthesia（传导麻醉）：N干 4、 subarachnoid anesthesia（蛛网膜下腔麻醉）
酰胺：lidocaine 烷基胺：亲水性(hydrophilism)
（与H+结合后）
【mechanism of local anesthesia】
LA在细胞内侧阻断电压门控性钠通道 →阻断动作电位的产生和传导。
LAs block action potential generation by blocking voltage – gated Na+ channels.
spinal anesthesia (脊髓麻醉)或腰麻：脊N根注意药液比重及病人的姿势。 5、 epidural anesthesia（硬膜外麻醉）：N根
【individuals of LAs】(常用药物)
Procaine(普鲁卡因): 穿透力差，不用于表面麻醉。 It penetrates(透过) mucous membranes too
2. Allergic reaction (变态反应): 酯类多见， Skin test should be made when procaine

关于生病、疾病症状的英语表达集锦(英汉对照)

关于生病、疾病症状的英语表达（英汉对照）头痛headache感冒cold咳嗽cough肺炎pneumonia肝炎hepatitis脑膜炎brain fever/meningitis膀胱炎cystitis急性胃炎acute gastritis胃炎gastritis气管炎trachitis支气管炎bronchitis阑尾炎 appendicitis胃肠炎gastroenteritis乳腺炎mastitis肿瘤tumor癌症cancer禽流感bird flu/avian influenza非典SARS(Severe Acute RespiratarySyndrome)疯牛病mad cow disease黑死病black death白血病leukemia爱滋病AIDS(Acquired ImmuneDeficiency Syndrome)流感influenza白障 cataract狂犬病rabies中风stroke冠心病 coronary heart disease糖尿病diabetes肺癌 lung cancer肝癌liver cancer肺结核pulmonary tuberculosis肝硬化hepatocirrhosis慢性病chronic肺气肿emphysema胃癌cancer of stomach胃病stomach trouble心脏病heart disease发烧fever生病常用英文(1)一般病情:He feels headache, nausea and vomiting. (他觉得头痛、恶心和想吐。

) He is under the weather. (他不舒服，生病了。

)He began to feel unusually tired. (他感到反常的疲倦。

)He feels light-headed. (他觉得头晕。

)She has been shut-in for a few days. (她生病在家几天了。

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Ropi, bupi, etidocaine 94-96% prot. bound
Pharmacology
PHARMACOKINETICS
• Plasma concentration : depends on • absorption kinetics HOW WHERE • systemic disposition kinetics • Distribution • Elimination • metabolism Plasma EZ Liver EZ • excretion
Local anesthesia is any technique to render part of the body insensitive to pain without affecting consciousness.
A local anesthetic is a drug that reversibly inhibits the propagation of signals along nerves.
Onset Time
SPEED OF ONSET
• Weak bases tend to be relatively ionized at high concentration H+
• The uncharged form diffuse more readily across nerve mb determine the onset of LA
Analgesia (loss of pain sensation)
Paralysis (loss of muscle power)
Local Anesthetics
Pharmacology
Classification
Structure
Amino esters : procaine tetracaine Amino amides :bupivacaine lidocaine
• Onset of blockage pKa
• Carbon acidic lidocaine Quick Effect
Pharmacology
2. Lipid solubility
• Its effect on onset is poorly understood • high lipid solubility inc rate of diff and
• Addition of vasoconstrictor
Metabolism of LA
• A. ESTERS • Rapid hydrolysis by plasma
cholinesterase • Water soluble metabolites excreted in the
urine (p-aminobenzoic, diethylaminoethanol • Abnormal pseudocholinesterase inc risk of toxic side effect • CSF lack of esterase enzyme • Exception Cocain - partially metabolized in liver and partially excreted in urine unchanged
• Brachial plexus anesthesia by percutaneous injection through axillary and supraclavicular approaches was developed in the early 20th cenpivacaine
Effective Time
Short term: procaine Middle: lidocaine Long： bupivacaine tetracaine ropivacaine
Pharmacology
1.
(pKa)=pH-log[B]/[BH+]
Bases
Ionic positive ion
Anesthesia
Local anesthesia
wangjie Union Hospital
History
• Coca plant leaves in Peru. • Cocaine was isolated in 1860 • First used as a local anesthetic
• Due to protein binding of LA to protein receptor in the Na channel of nerve mb
Highly protein bound will remain for a long time Procain 6% protein bound
in 1884. • Procaine in 1904. • lidocaine in 1943, • Bupivacaine in 1957 and
prilocaine in 1959.
History
• Spinal anesthesia was first used in 1885 but not introduced into clinical practice until 1899
shorten onset time BUT it also inc solubility in the surrounding tissue
Pharmacology
3. Duration of blockage
• Protein binding regulate the duration of anaesthetic activity
Absorption of LA
• Site of injection ( intercostal > caudal > brachial plexus etc )
• Dosage (blood level of LA related to total dose of drug rather than spesific volume or concentration of solution

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