罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)教材-第7章 18世纪(1688～1798)【圣才出品】
第7章18世纪(1688～1798)
7.1 复习笔记
Ⅰ. Historical background（历史背景）
With the ascent of the bourgeoisie cultural life，some special features are worthy of our notice:
随着市民阶层文化生活的提升，以下几点值得我们的注意：
(1) Political writings（政治写作）
The rise of the political parties and their rivalry called forth writers，literary men willing to work for either party in order to help either of them win more votes.
政党的崛起，他们的竞争对手召集作家进行创作，而作家们一般都愿意帮助其中任何一派来替他们拉选票。
(2) Newspapers and journals（报纸和期刊）
With the coming of the 18th century a new mass media came into being. Both parties printed newspapers as a means to express their views. Besides, the rise of the middle class also helped the growth of the newspapers.
随着18世纪的到来，一种新的媒介开始形成。双方政党都印刷报纸作为宣传他们主张的媒介。此外，正在上升的中产阶级也推动了报业的发展。
(3) Coffeehouses（咖啡屋）
In the latter half of the 17th century and throughout the 18th century, the coffeehouses in London served as informal meeting houses for men of all classes,
where they could exchange their opinions and do business.
17世纪后半叶和整个18世纪，伦敦的咖啡屋都被当成是各个阶级的非正式会议室，他们可以在那儿交流意见、业务往来。
(4) The new morality（新道德）
The balance of power, in spite of the fact that the Whigs held sway for forty years, was so even that it was an age of moderation, tolerance, and common sense. This was to a great extent due to the development of science and philosophy of the time.
权力制衡，尽管辉格党的政权40年来飘摇不定，但这仍旧是一个温和的，宽容的、合情合理的社会。这归功于当时科学和哲学的发展。
(5) Science and technology（科学技术）
In order to understand why reason came to be predominant in the 18th century, it is important to know something about Newton’s scientific discovery and the philosophy of John Locke.
为什么18世纪是理性主宰的世纪？我们有必要知道一些牛顿的科学发现和约翰·洛克的哲学。
(6) The French influence（法国的影响）
Classicism as a trend first originated in France when France was the leading power of the western world. They propounded that dramatists should follow the rules set down by Roman writers. They believed that those Roman writers had established the perfect art and rules of art for future generations to follow. Those rules could best be learned from close study of their works and by careful imitation
of them.
古典主义潮流始于法国（路易十四统治时期），当时法国是西方世界的主导力量。他们提出剧作家应该遵循古罗马作家的写作规则。他们认为古罗马作家已经建立起了完美的艺术和艺术规则，并且为后世的创作提供了标准。最好要通过细致地研究他们的作品和仔细地模仿学习来学习这些规则。
Ⅱ. The Characteristics of Neo-classicism（新古典主义的特点）
(1) emphasis on reason rather than emotion
重视理性而非主观情感
(2) didactic and satirical
说教和讽刺意味
(3) closed couplet the only possible verse form
联句是唯一可能的形式
(4) catering to the interests of the “society” in great cities
迎合大城市“社交界”的兴趣
(5) totally different from romanticism
与浪漫主义截然不同
Ⅲ. Main Writers（主要作家）
(1) Daniel Defoe (1661～1731)（丹尼尔·笛福）
①His Life（生平简介）
Daniel Defoe was born in a lower middle class family. His father was a butcher
and a staunch Puritan in religion, a dissenter against the Church of England. And because of this, Defoe was deprived of the opportunity to go to college. He attended a school specially set up for dissenting children. Later, he educated himself by reading widely and traveling both in England and on the Continent.
笛福出生在中下阶级家庭，父亲是肉贩，是坚定的清教徒，反对英国国教。由于此，笛福被剥夺了上大学的权利。他在专门为反对国教者的孩子们设立的学校读书。后来，他通过广泛阅读和周游英国与欧洲大陆而自学。
②Major Works（主要作品）
Captain Singleton
《辛格顿船长》
A Journal of the Plague Year
《大疫年纪事》
Moll Flanders
《摩尔·弗兰德斯》
Roxana
《罗克珊娜》
Robinson Crusoe
《鲁滨逊漂流记》
③Appreciation of Works（作品赏析）
◆Robinson Crusoe
《鲁滨逊漂流记》
a. The plot of the story（主要情节）
Robinson Crusoe, son of a well-off family, chose to go overseas to seek fortune, instead of staying at home to inherit his father’s wealth and property. During his many dangerous adventures abroad, he gradually accumulated money and owned a plantation in Brazil. But, he still would not stop seeking new adventures and more wealth. And finally, on one of his journeys of the slave trade a shipwreck landed him on a desolate island where he stayed for 28 years 2 months and 19 days. Using the ammunition and provisions he found on the wrecked ship, Crusoe fished and hunted, made clothes out of animal furs, built a house like a stronghold, learned to raise goats and grow crops, and even saved a savage, named him Friday and trained him to be his servant. At the time of his return to England, he had built on this island a new colony.
鲁滨逊生活在富裕的家庭，他选择到海外寻求财富，而不是待在家继承父亲的财产。在充满危险的海外探险过程中，他积累了财富，并在西班牙拥有一个种植园。但是，他没有停止对新冒险和财富的寻找。最终，在一次黑奴交易中，船只失事了。他被滞留在孤岛上长达二十八年零两个月十九天。他利用在沉船上找到的弹药和供应品进行钓鱼和打猎，用动物皮毛制作衣服，建造了一座堡垒似的房子，学习饲养羊，种植农作物，甚至救了一个奴隶，把他叫做“星期五”并把他训练成仆人。当他要回英国时，他已经在这座岛上建立了一个新的殖民地。
b. The theme of the story（主题）
Daniel Defoe portrayed Robinson Crusoe as a real representative of the empire builders in the bourgeoisie revolution. He is the most practical and exact, always religious and at the same time mindful of his own profit.
丹尼尔·笛福将鲁滨逊塑造成为了一个英国资产阶级革命运动中的典型的帝国建造者。他是最为实际与精明的一个人，同时他永远保持着自己的宗教信仰，关注个人利益。
◆Moll Flanders（《摩尔·弗兰德斯》）
Moll Flanders is artistically a more mature piece than Robinson Crusoe.It is written in an autobiographical form called memoirs. In Moll Flander s, Defoe introduces, for the first time, a lowly woman as the subject of literature. And it anticipates many later novels that take women as the center of attention in order to expose how the social system has victimized those like Moll.
《摩尔·弗兰德斯》在艺术上比《鲁滨逊漂流记》更加趋于成熟，它是以自传体的形式来创作的，这一形式被称作回忆录。在这部作品中，笛福首次以卑微的女性形象为创作中心，他预见以后很多的小说都要以女性为中心，以揭露残酷的社会体制对像摩尔一样女性的迫害。
(2)Jonathan Swift (1667～1745)（乔纳森·斯威夫特）
①His Life（生平简介）
Jonathan Swift is the most outstanding prose writer and satirist of the age of classicism. He was born in Dublin. His father, who was a lawyer, died before his birth, and Swift was brought up by his uncle. He went to the Kilkenny School and later graduated from the Trinity School of Dublin.
乔纳森·斯威夫特是古典主义时期最出色的散文作家和讽刺作家。他出生在都柏林，父亲是律师，在他出生之前去世了，后由叔叔养大。他在基尔肯尼学校求学，后毕业于都柏林三一学院。
②His Writing Style（写作风格）
教材第10课quiz
Unit 10 1. Directions:Choose an appropriate word or phrase from each group to complete each of the following sentences. Each word can be used only once. 1) bald bare empty vacant a. She showed him around the ground floor of the ________ house. b. A ________ man wanted his portrait enhanced with glistening black hair. c. They would have liked ________ wooden floors throughout the house. d. The post of principal of the theatre school became ________ and he leapt at the chanc e. 2) commentary comment review documentary a. She spent two years in South Florida researching and filming her ________. b. A good deal of my time is taken up with reading critical essays and ________. c. Now let’s go over to our London studio for ________ on the wrestling. d. We were discussing her new movie, and Jill made some interesting ________ about it. 3) fumble mumble grumble stumble a. “I don’t understand,” the Inspector ________, passing a hand through his hair. b. Taft ________ that the law so favored the criminal that trials seemed like a game of chance. c. Even as her hand ________ to open it, he thrust himself between her and the door, barring her way. d. The lights mysteriously failed, and we ________ around in complete darkness. 4) illustrious illusory illustrative illuminating a. This may take the form of supporting evidence, additional explanation or ________ details and examples. b. Despite his ________ career, during which he became a beloved sporting figure worldwide, his rewards were few. c. The film proves many ________ insights into Chinese culture. d. Worse, many of its successes were __________. 5) indignant indifferent indigenous indicative a. These are conditions said by doctors to be strongly ________ of heart failure. b. There are seventeen species of snake ________ to the Northeast and several of them appear regularly in the garden. c. His opponents have tried to characterize him as ________ to the concerns of the working class. d. Eric was ________ at being told he would have to wait two weeks for an appointment. 6) blackmail bribery slander blame a. One of Murrow’s chief campaign promises was to do something about ________ and corruption. b. I thought he was trying to ________ me into saying whatever he wanted. c. He has been questioned on suspicion of ________ the Prime Minister. d. The policy is partly to ________ for causing the worst unemployment in Europ e. 7) incite recite ignite invite a. The bombs ________ a fire which destroyed some 60 houses. b. The Department is ________ applications from groups within the Borough. c. He read the letter again although already he could have ________ its contents blindfolde d.
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)教材-第4章 15世纪(1400～1550)【圣才出品】
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新视野视听说第四册quiz.6答案
Part I Directions: Listen to the short dialogs, then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers. 1. (Listen to the audio recording for the question.) A. A TOEFL examination. B. Any English language examination. C. Good luck. D. Ill luck. Your answer Correct answer C C 2. (Listen to the audio recording for the question.) A. To keep evil away. B. To wish for more money. C. To show friendliness. D. To treat a wound. Your answer Correct answer A A 3. (Listen to the audio recording for the question.) A. She will paint it brown. B. She wants the man to paint it brown. C. She asks the man to climb up the ladder. D. She asks the man not to walk under the ladder. Your answer Correct answer D D 4. (Listen to the audio recording for the question.)
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罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)教材-第9章 维多利亚时期(1832～1901)【圣才出品】
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15堂语法课第一篇语法补排QUIZ
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A Quiz for Unit 6 Risks 姓名：学号：成绩： Part I Word-building （20分） Complete the follow ing sentences with the appropriate form of the words in the brackets. 1.I’ve told you what the situation is; you must act _________. (according) 2.The value of the business was _________ at $1.25 million. (assessment) 3.No one has come up with a _________ answer as to why this should be so.(define) 4.It is only through _________ to the disease that your body can build up a resistance to it.(expose) 5.The is a 20% _________ that you could develop cancer. (probable) 6.It was a _______ operation, but might buy more time.(risk) 7.There are ________ half a million people in the city.( rough) 8.The cost of the software is __________ compared with the cost of training employees to use it.(significant) 9.The bill is_________ within ninety days. (pay) 10.There is a clear link between exposure to __________ and some forms of cancer.(radiate) 11.Davis _________ denied that he had ever taken drugs.(repeat) 12.The Government has not yet grasped the __________ of the crisis. (serious) 13.I’m not very __________ when it comes to trying new food. (adventure) 14.She fulfilled her ___________ to become the first woman to run the 10,000 meters in under 30 minutes. (ambitious) 15.Be sure to __________ the first word of every sentence. (capital) 16.This year there have been 15% fewer traffic ________. (fatal) 17.If you don’t speak German, you’re not ___________ to comment. (qualify) 18.He was always __________ clever sayings from Oscar Wilde’s plays.(quotation) 19.V ote-guidance _________ found personal conversations useful in helping them decide how to vote. (seek) 20.It is __________ American to serve all the food for a meal at the same time. (typical) Part II Vocabulary and Structure （20分） 21.The 1897 hurricane was the worst natural ___________ to hit England for decades.
导航罗经校准及精度分析
导航罗经校准及精度分析 摘要：本文介绍了电罗径测定方位角的基本原理，阐述了海洋工程中电罗径校 准的步骤以及一些注意事项，并给出计算公式。另外分析了直接法和天文法对电 罗径校准产生的误差和消除误差的一些建议。 关键词：罗经；误差；校准；全站仪 一、前言 罗经即测定方向基准的一种仪器。船舶用罗经以确定航向和观测目标方位。目前在海洋 工程测量中主要采用电罗经来确定船舶的方位，但是由于船舶上的陀螺罗经会因船舶运动而 产生很多误差，如速度差、冲击误差、摇摆误差、纬度误差等；而且安装时又有基线误差等，定位测量用电罗经的精度要求比对航海用电罗经的精度要求更高，所以在定位测量采用电罗 经来确定方位的时候必须在定位测量工作开始前进行校准，使它的精度满足作业的需求。本 文主要介绍利用全站仪校准电罗经的误差以及误差对测量结果会产生的影响进行探讨。 二、电罗经测量校准的方法 电罗经校准的基本原理就是通过测量坐标方位角计算船舶的中轴线的真方位角来校准电 罗经测量的天文方位角，即当电罗经基准线零刻度线与船舶中轴线平行时，电罗经测量值与 船舶中轴线真方位角差值即为电罗经改正值。 （1）在平行于中轴线或者在船的中心线上选择观测点A和B，分别架设棱镜； （2）在观测开始前开始设置电罗经的采样时间，采样时间不得大于2S并记录。记录内 容主要包括时间和罗经的读数； （3）电罗经采样时间和观测时间（如电子表）要进行校准，使它们的时间与GPS时间都达到同步； （4）将全站仪架设在一个已知的坐标点STATION（x0，y0）中设站，后视另外一个已知 的坐标点OP（x1，y1）； （5）在观测点STATION上观测A（Bow）、B（Stern）两点，记录相应的时间、两点的 水平角αA、αB和它们的水平距离Sa、Sb。记录表格如下 图1：校准示意图 公式一 （7）观测水平角αA和αB，距离SA和SB，然后计算出A和B的坐标EA，NA，再根据这两 个坐标进行反算得到船体中心线的坐标方位角，最后将坐标方位角换算为真方位角。 公式二 式中：β是船舶的真方位角，γ是本地区的子午线收敛角，C-O是罗经的校准值，Oβ是罗经 的读数。 三、全站仪在罗经校准中的设置和使用 3.1、全站仪的介绍 全站仪是一种集光、机、电为一体的高技术测量仪器，是集水平角、垂直角、距离（斜距、平距）、高差测量功能于一体的测绘仪器系统。广泛用于地上大型建筑和地下隧道施工 等精密工程测量或变形监测领域。 3.2、全站仪误差分析 利用全站仪进行电罗经校准容易产生人为误差、整平误差、对中误差以及仪器误差、外 界环境带来的误差、大气折光所带来的误差、其它环境因素的影响等 根据公式二，由误差传播公式，可以得到罗经校准值中的误差表达式： 公式三 式中mc-o2 是代表罗经校准值得误差，mγ2为本地区子午线收敛角误差，可以准确计算，
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)教材【复习笔记+考研真题典型题详解】-第1~6章【圣才出品】
第1章盎格鲁-撒克逊时期(450～1066) 1.1 复习笔记 Ⅰ. Historical Background（历史背景） (1) The earliest settlers of the British Isles were the Celts, who migrated to the British Isles about 600 B.C. 不列颠群岛最早的定居者是凯尔特人，他们大约在公元前600年移民到不列颠群岛。 (2) From 55 B.C. to 407 A.D. the British Isles were under the rule of the Roman Empire. 从公元前55年到公元407年，不列颠群岛处于罗马帝国的统治之下。 (3) About 450 A.D., waves of the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes invaded the British Isles. They settled in England, and drove the Celts into Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. 公元450年左右，盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人占领了不列颠群岛。他们在英格兰定居，将凯尔特人驱逐到威尔士、苏格兰和爱尔兰。 (4) It was around 500 A.D., in the struggle against Cerdic, the founder of the kingdom of Wessex, that the Celtic King Arthur, a legendary figure, is said to have acquired his fame. 大约在公元500年，在与威塞克斯王国创始人塞迪奇的斗争中，传说中的凯尔特王亚瑟获得了他的名声。 (5) Beginning from the later part of the 8th century, the Danes, or the Vikings, came to invade England, at first, along the eastern coast, but later they threatened
新编日语4第1课课件
日本について
単語 ?必ずしも：不一定。（かならず…であるとは限らない。）人は金があるからといって必ずしも幸福とはかぎらない。／人不一定有钱就幸福。 必ずしもそうとはかぎらない。／也未必是那样。 光るものは必ずしも金ではない。／发光的东西不一定都是金子。 ?目立つ：显眼，显著，引人注目（きわだってみえる）。 彼女はいつも目立つ格好をしている／她总是打扮得引人注目。 彼の才能はひときわ目立つ／他的才能分外突出。 彼のいないのが目だった／他的不在引起了注意。
?挙げる：（1）逮捕犯人を挙げる。／逮捕犯人。 （2）举证，检举。（検挙する。） 不正行為を挙げる。／检举不正行为。 （3）举行仪式。（行事や儀式などをとり行う。）式を挙げる。／举行仪式。 結婚式を挙げる。／举行婚礼。 （4）举例。列举。（実例?証拠などを明確に表面に現す。） 例をあげて説明する。／举例说明。 証拠を挙げる。／举出证据。 （5）扬名。出名。（名声などを世間に広める。）家名を挙げる。／扬家名。 （6）尽力。全拿出来。（全部出し尽くす。） 全力をあげて建設をおしすすめる。／竭尽全力推进建设工作。 国をあげて国慶節を祝う。／举国庆祝国庆。
?名物：有名的东西，名产 青森名物のりんご。／青森名产的苹果。 東京名物と言えば東京タワーもそのひとつだ。／若说东京有名的东西，东京塔也算一个。 名物にうまいものなし。／所谓名产没有好吃的，名不符实。 ?生す：生;长 錆がなした。
?参る：（1）去；来（へりくだって）。 のちほど参ります。／我随后就去（来）。 子どもをつれて参るつもりです。／我想带着孩子来（去）。 （2）参拜（もうでる）。 お寺に参る。／拜佛。 お墓に参る。／上坟；扫墓。 （3）认输，败（降参する）。 すっかり参った。／大败。 参った,もう許してくれ。／我服了，饶了我吧！ どうだ参ったか。／你认不认输？ （4）受不了（閉口する），吃不消；叫人为难（困る）； 不堪，累垮（弱る）。 第3問には参った。／第三道题可把我难住了。 食費が高いのには参る。／伙食费贵得受不了。 毎日雨が降りつづいて参った。／每天接连下雨,真吃不消。
chapter 7 chapter5 quiz new
I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets 1．We use the word mother in formal English and mom in colloquial English, this refers to the ___ meaning of language. A. connotative B. social C. affective D. reflected 2. The word “fast” can be associated with other words and these associations have different meanings. This is called the ___ meaning. A.connotative B. associative C. affective D. collocative 3. “John married a blond heiress.” _______ “John married a blond.” A. is synonymous with B. is inconsistent with C. entails D. presupposes 4. In general, women’s langua ge tends to be more______.
Quiz 4 试卷
姓名：___________________________ 班级：____________________________ 学号：___________________________ 日期：____________________________ 读写教程第一册，单元测试卷四 试卷编号：Book1-Quiz4 考试时间：120 分钟 满分：100 分 注意事项 本次单元测试涉及内容：读写教程第一册，Unit 8,9,10 Part 1 Word Dictation (Each item: 1) Directions: Listen and write down the words you hear. You are going to listen to the recording twice. During the first time, write the word that you hear. Check your answers as you listen the second time. Part 2 Understanding Long Conversations (Each item: 1) Directions: In this section you'll hear a long conversation or conversations. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear. Questions 16 to 20 are based on the same passage or dialog. 16. A. It's very important. B. It isn't helpful. C. It makes him glad. D. It's a big event. 17. A. Donna. B. Marty. C. Wesley. D. The professor. 18. A. The power we get from the environment. B. The effect of power on the environment. C. Oil prices becoming more expensive. D. School clubs doing something useful. 19. A. The cost of oil. B. The energy resources. C. The demand for oil. D. The damage to the environment. 20. A. We will have environmental problems. B. The professor is right in everything he thinks. C. New energy resources will be cheap. D. The problem isn't something to worry about. Questions 21 to 25 are based on the same passage or dialog. 21. A. Early in the morning. B. Late at night. C. In the afternoon. D. During lunchtime. 22. A. He wanted to buy some medicine. B. He wanted to learn how to become a doctor. C. He heard that Dr. Wallace was ill. D. He wanted to bring him a cake. 23. A. He was a salesman. B. He was a town official. C. He was a doctor. D. He was a social worker.
新编日语第一册课文
《新编日语》第一册 写在前面： 本包子包含《新编日语》第一册除每课的语法点和练习之外的全部容，由yanshancz录入。注：第一课为50音，未录入。 仅供学习交流使用，禁止任何商业用途。 更多资料，请关注沪江日语包子铺。 2006年03月 目录： 第二課初めまして (2) 第三課部屋 (3) 第四課大学 (4) 第五課のまち (6) 第六課大学の生活 (8) 第七課日曜日 (11) 第八課年月日 (14) 第九課家族 (17) 第十課夏休み (19) 第十一課趣味 (22) 第十二課試験 (25) 第十三課希望 (28) 第十四課あいさつの言葉 (31) 第十五課アルバイト (34) 第十六課クリスマス (37) 第十七課元旦 (40) 第十八課料理 (43) 第十九課インタビュー (46) 第二十課冬休み (50) 沪江日语包子铺出品yanshancz 录入欣然制作- 1 - 《新编日语》第一册 第二課初めまして
わたしは魯です。あなたはさんです。あの人は顧さんです。わたしは日本語科の一年です。さんは日本語科の二年です。顧さんは日本語科の三年です。 これは服です。それも服です。あれは本です。 会話 ：すみません。あなたは魯さんですか。 魯：はい、わたしは日本語科一年の魯です。あなたはどなたですか。 ：わたしは日本語科二年のです。 魯：初めまして。 ：初めまして。 魯：よろしくお願いします。 ：よろしくお願いします。 魯：あの人はどなたですか。 ：あの人は日本語科三年の顧です。顧さん、こちらは魯さんです。 顧：初めまして。 魯：初めまして。 顧：よろしくお願いします。 魯：こちらこそよろしくお願いします。 ：これはあなたの荷物ですか。 魯：はい、それはわたしの荷物です。 ：これは何ですか。 魯：それは服です。 ：それは何ですか。 魯：これも服です。 ：本はどれですか。 魯：本はあれです。 ：では、案します。 魯：お願いします。沪江日语包子铺出品yanshancz 录入欣然制作- 2 - 《新编日语》第一册 第三課部屋
教材4第4课quiz
Quiz 4 1. Directions:Read the sentences carefully and choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to each word underlined. 1) The servant was dismissed for being lazy and dishonest. A. neglected B. ignored C. fired D. sent 2) He tried his best to mask his enmity (敌意) under an appearance of friendliness. A. face B. conceal C. reveal D. present 3) It rained practically all night. A. almost B. mostly C. really D. actually 4) Regular exercise is vital for your health. A. fatal B. energetic C. important D. relevant 5) Let’s move to the next item on the agenda. A. paper B. plan C. project D. work 6) She has been a ppointed to solve the problem. A. chosen B. applied C. asked D. demanded 7) Mere words won’t help. A. Many B. True C. Real D. Only 8) She withdrew her eyes from the terrible sight. A. took over B. took up C. took away D. took down 9) It’s often difficult to discern the truth of an event from the newspaper stories. A. understand B. distinguish C. find D. get 10) The flavor of most foods can be enhanced by good cooking. A. improved B. raised C. changed D. forced 11) In order to avoid students’ utter reliance on teachers, students should be taught how to learn instead of what to learn. A. independence B. dispensation C. dependence D. confidence 12) Young children need stimulation. A. praise B. challenges C. understanding D. help 2. Directions:Choose the appropriate words to complete the following sentences. Change the form if necessary. 1) manual menu mental metal A. Is it made of wood or ____________? B. We are sure a lot of this ____________ work will be done by machine before long. C. Those who suffer an illness of the mind should be sent to ____________ hospitals. D. The man ordered the most expensive items on the ____________ to show his generosity. 2) adapt adopt A. This machine has been specially ____________ for underwater use. B. This novel has been ____________ for radio from the Russian original. C. He is their ____________ son.