英汉翻译教程(1)教学文稿
新编英汉翻译教程第一章翻译概论ppt课件
• 一个中学老师把KFC肯德基店里的广告标语“We do chicken right!”发给学生练习翻译，结果有如下答案：
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01. 我们做鸡是对的！
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02. 我们就是做鸡的！
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03. 我们有做鸡的权利！
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04. 我们只做鸡的右半边！
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05. 我们只做右边的鸡！
“雪亮工程"是以区（县）、乡（镇） 、村（ 社区） 三级综 治中心 为指挥 平台、 以综治 信息化 为支撑 、以网 格化管 理为基 础、以 公共安 全视频 监控联 网应用 为重点 的“群 众性治 安防控 工程” 。
“雪亮工程"是以区（县）、乡（镇） 、村（ 社区） 三级综 治中心 为指挥 平台、 以综治 信息化 为支撑 、以网 格化管 理为基 础、以 公共安 全视频 监控联 网应用 为重点 的“群 众性治 安防控 工程” 。
Types of translation
• 3. According to styles (page 5) • 1) practical writings (应用文体)
English Dictionary • translation: the process of changing something that is written
or spoken into anther language. ----Oxford English Dictionary • Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language
“雪亮工程"是以区（县）、乡（镇） 、村（ 社区） 三级综 治中心 为指挥 平台、 以综治 信息化 为支撑 、以网 格化管 理为基 础、以 公共安 全视频 监控联 网应用 为重点 的“群 众性治 安防控 工程” 。
(完整版)英汉翻译教程
英汉翻译教程张培基第一讲翻译原则简介一、教学目的:了解基本的翻译原则和翻译研究的问题二、教学过程：1．翻译的定义和内涵：（Definition and Connotation）Translation is an art/ science/craf2.中国几位翻译家的理论（influential translation principles）严复：信达雅-—- faithfulness/expressiveness/elegance。
The “three character guide" is regarded as a plumb—line of long standing to measure the professional level of translating.傅雷：神似--—spiritual conformity。
Emphasizing the reproduction of the spirit of the flavor of the original。
强调原作神韵再现。
钱钟书：化境--—sublimed adaptation. Focus on the translator’s smooth and idiomatic Chinese version for the sake of the Chinese reader.刘重德：信、达、切-——faithfulness/expressiveness/closeness.3．中国翻译史上的论争:鲁迅：宁信而不顺-—-rather to be faithful than smooth。
目的：引入英文句式的表达法梁实秋、赵景深:宁顺而不信--—rather to be smooth than faithful 目的：可读性强，便于交流.4．直译与意译:直译—--literal translation意译：free translation直译的例子：crocodile tears鳄鱼的眼泪; armed to the teeth武装到牙齿； chain reaction连锁反应；gentlemen's agreement君子协定； one country, two systems 一国两制；The three religions and the nine schools of thought 三教九流；paper tiger 纸老虎; Breath one’s last——-断气； go to one’s external rest——-安息； the long sleep——-长眠；see Marx 见马克思; Go west 上西天; go to heaven 上天堂； blow out the candles 吹灯拔蜡kick the bucket 蹬腿：直译不等于死译（dead translation）:街道妇女应动员起来打扫卫生：Women in the street should be called on to do some cleaning.“In the street" should be replaced by “in the community”.她一大早起床，进城，见到了她的公爹:She got up early, went to the town and saw her public father。
英汉翻译教程1课文
省略 1.Taking the train, the two friends arrived in Berlin in late October 1922, and went directly to the address of Chou En-lai. 他们两人坐火车于1922年十月(底)到达柏林，立即去周恩来的 住处。 Taking the train arrived in Berlin in late October 1922 directly 立即= at once went directly to the address of Chou En-lai 坐火车 到达柏林 1922年十月底
些处译得气势磅礴，高于原文 。四字结构是汉语的优势
urged them to be seated urge sb to do sth.
在招呼他们坐下
在英语里，如有人来找，被找的人往往说what can I do for you?或说Can I help you? 在形容人的时候， 英语往往直接用形容词来描述一个人， 而汉语则要提出描述的具体方面。
代词没有译
顺逆结合
10.When both visitors had told their stories, Chou smiled a little, said he would help them find rooms, （1）and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group （2） as candidates （3）until their application had been sent to China and an answer received. 两位来客把经历说完后，周恩来微笑着说，他可以帮他们找到住的地方，（1）替他们办 理加入党在柏林的支部的手续，（3）在入党申请书寄往中国而尚未批准之前，（2） 暂作候补党员。
英语翻译教程教案Unit1
Unit 1Exercises1.中国人有在正月十五晚上吃元宵、赏花灯的习俗。
【原译】Chinese have the custom that they eat sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour and appreciate festive lanterns at the night of January 15.【改译】The Chinese have the custom of eating yuanxiao (sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour) and watching festive lanterns on the fifteenth evening of the first lunar month.其他译文：In China, it’s the custom (for people) to eat…There is a Chinese tradition of eating…According to custom, people in China eat…2.他的不合作态度使这个项目进展十分缓慢。
【原译】The project makes less progress because of his incooperation.【改译】The project is making very slow progress due to his lack of cooperation,The project is proceeding rather slowly because of his uncooperativeness.His uncooperative attitude accounted for the slow progress of the project.His uncooperative attitude resulted in the project’s slow progress.3.你们谁想参加春游就在星期五之前报名并交费。
《 英汉互译(一)》第1课教案
广西师范学院《英汉互译（一）》课程教案编号: 15-1 开课单位：外语系授课教研室：翻译写作课程名称：《英汉互译（一）》授课教师：唐旭光教材：《新编英汉互译教程》，授课对象：06级英语专业2、3、5班《英汉互译（一）》第一讲翻译简论与主要翻译方法（A Brief Discussion of Translation and Major Translation Approaches）1. IntroductionTranslation studies started along with translation practice. Translation theories developed flourishingly in the 20th century, especially in the second half of the last century.In fact, translation, which is a very complex phenomenon, is related to different disciplines, such as linguistics, psychology, sociology, cultural anthropology, communication theory, literary criticism, aesthetics, and semiotics. As translation study is a cross-discipline and cross-culture subject involving many aspects of human knowledge, the lack of a fully acceptable theory of translation should not come as a surprise. Meanwhile, quite a number of translation approaches and strategies have become universally acceptable and widely applicable. They are, of course, the fruits of many translation theorists and translation practitioners at home and abroad.2.The Origin of TranslationLanguage makes it possible for people to communicate with one another freely so as to complete important tasks in human life. Translation makes it possible for people from different languages to communicate with one another so as to complete important tasks in their life.Theodore Savory points out, “Translation is almost as old as original authorship and has a history as honorable and as complex as that of any other branch of literature”(申雨平, 2002:4).In Zhou Dynasty there were different forms of address for translators in different places. “Translators are called Ji in the east, Xiang in the south, Didi in the west, andYi in the north(东方曰寄，南方曰象，西方曰狄鞮，北方曰译)”（陈福康, 2000:3）.3. Function of TranslationIt has helped people to better communicate with one another, and in the mean time it has facilitated the development of culture and civilization of all nations, such as the Sutra translation （佛经翻译）in China and the Bible translation in Western countries.Actually, translation, as a means to bridge different cultures, has been playing a very important role in promoting global economic and cultural development, and China in particular benefits a great deal from translation, which is obvious to all.4. Nature of translationOne school of theorists maintain that any interpretation is translation. Translation thus defined includes intra-lingual rewording（语言内的重新措辞）, inter-lingual （语言之间的翻译或语际翻译）translation and inter-semiotic transmutation（符号转换）.But most scholars who are interested in translation maintain that translation is a communicative activity which entails a most adequate or identical reproduction in a target language of a written message or text in a source language.5. Definition of translation in our textbook as follows: Translation or translating is a communicative activity or dynamic process in which the translator makes great effort to thoroughly comprehend a written message or text in the source language and works very hard to achieve an adequate or an almost identical reproduction in the target language version of the written source language message or text. In terms of its nature or character, translation is both an art and a science as well, since it calls for a good command of at least two languages, a flexible application of their rules, and some knowledge of at least two cultures, as well as a good grasp of the necessary translation theories.6. Other scholars’ viewpoints about the translation1). The traditional viewpoint about the nature of translation is that translation is an art only. This viewpoint is still maintained by Xu Yuanchong（许渊冲）, a well-known professor at Beijing University, and a few other scholars.2). Professor Liu Zhongde vigorously advocates that translation is a science as well as an art mainly because of the following reasons:Firstly, like any other art and science, translation requires a good grasp and a flexible use of the necessary specialized knowledge and skills.Secondly, like any other art and science, translation calls for independent, honest and creative effort.Thirdly, just like any other art and science, translation demands that the translator be very careful about and highly responsible for his or her work.7. Principle for translationThe 13 statements on page 81). A translation must reproduce the words of the SLT(Source Language Text).2). A translation must reproduce the ideas (meaning) of the SLT.3). A translation should read like an original work.4). A translation should read like a translation.5). A translation should reflect the style of the original.6). A translation should possess the style of the translator.7). A translation should retain the historical stylistic dimension of the SLT.8). A translation should read as a contemporary piece of literature.9). A translation may add to or omit from the original.10). A translation may never add to or omit from the original.11). A translation should let the readers of the SLT and the target language text (TLT) have essentially the same response.12). A translation should convey what the SLT author intends to convey.13). A translation should satisfy the need of the client.Evidently, though each of the above statements is right in a certain sense, yet it is not adequate or comprehensive enough to serve as a translation principle. Some of the principles proposed by various translation theorists can find their expression in the statements given above. Interlinear translation is an illustration of the first statement. Yan Fu’s three-character principle can be a combination of statements 2, 3 and 6. Nida’s functional equivalence is best express ed in statement 11.8. Yan Fu’s Considerations for translation?Strictly speaking, a translation theory in its true sense in China originated from Yan Fu(严复). He proposed the famous triple principle for translation, namely, faithfulness(信), expressiveness(达) and elegance(雅).1). His faithfulness means that the translated text should be faithful to the original text, ie, the version should keep the content or ideas of the original.2). His expressiveness means that the translated text should be expressive and coherent without anything awkward. In other words, his expressiveness requires that the version should be fluid, smooth, and easy to read and understand.3). His elegance demands that the translated text should be exquisite and that its style ought to be very graceful.9. Professor Liu Zhongde argues against “elegance” as a principle for translation of the original styleHe argued eloquently against “elegance” as a principle for translation of the original style. We all know that not all works are characterized by the elegant style. Different writers display different styles. For instance, Lenin wrote in a bold style, and Hemingway wrote in a simple, symbolic style. Even the same writer shows different styles on different occasions for different purposes. Naturally, different works demonstrate different styles. Thus, it is impossible & absolutely wrong to achieve the effect of elegance in the translated text if the style of the original is not elegant.10. The compiler of the textbook in favor of “closeness”1). We are in favor of Professor Liu’s triple translation principle. He changed Yan Fu’s “elegance” into “closeness”, which represents his contribution to the translation theory. His “closeness” is central in meaning. It is suitable for translation of all types of texts with different styles.2). If the original text is characterized by the elegant style, the translator should do his utmost to render it into a graceful text in the target language whose style is close to the original elegant style.If the original style is highly technical with a wealth of technical terms, thetranslator ought to employ plenty of corresponding technical terms in the target language and make the translated style as close to the original technical style as possible.3). If the original style is colloquial with a lot of informal words and colloquial sentences, the translator should translate it into a text with an informal style as close as possible to the original one by using many colloquial words and informal sentences.If the original style is ornate, the translator should follow suit and make effort to render the translated style as close to the original as possible.If the original text contains some vulgar words and sentences, the translator is not entitled to replace them with elegant words or sentences, and he should reproduce the original by using some corresponding vulgar words and sentences in the receptor language. Translators are duty-bound to do so, for the simple reason that they are translators.4). As we know, Yan Fu’s triple translation principle is highly concise and well rhymed and quite easy to learn by heart, which is one of the reasons why it is still very popular in China today.Professor Liu’s triple principle is similar to Yan Fu’s in that it is equally concise and easy to remember.Though Professor Liu’s triple principle is n ot rhymed, yet it is very forceful and impressive, for the Chinese character “切” is uttered in the falling tone, carrying the implication that faithfully conveying the original style or rendering the translated style as close to the original as possible is absolutely necessary and worth the translator’s great effort.11. Nida’s principle for translationEugene A. Nida and Taber stated emphatically (1969:12): “Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalence of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style”.His dynamic equivalence is defined as a translation principle, according to which the translator seeks to translate the meaning of the original in such a way that the target language text wording will produce the same impact on the target text audience as the original wording does upon the source text audience. Later on, Nida changed “dynamic equivalence” into “functional equivalence”, because it seemed much more satisfactory to use the expression “functional equivalence” in describing the degree of adequacy of a translation.12. The literal translation approachProfessor Liu Zhongde (1994: 172) defines literal translation as follows: “In the process of translation, literal translation treats sentences as basic units and at the same time takes the whole passage into consideration; a translator who attaches great importance to literal translation does his or her best to reproduce the ideas and writing style of the original work, retaining in the version as many rhetorical devices and sentence structures of the original as possible.”ExamplesHe is said to be a rough diamond.人们说他是一块浑金璞玉。
英汉翻译实用教程教案
英汉翻译实用教程教案第一章：翻译概念与原则1.1 翻译的定义解释翻译的概念和本质强调翻译的目标：传递信息、保持原文意义和风格1.2 翻译原则准确原则：确保翻译内容的准确性忠实原则：保持原文的精神和风格通俗易懂原则：确保译文适合目标读者对等原则：尽量找到等效的表达方式1.3 翻译标准解释中国的翻译标准：信、达、雅探讨翻译标准的实际应用和灵活性第二章：翻译技巧与策略2.1 直译与意译解释直译和意译的概念及适用场合强调直译和意译的平衡使用2.2 词义转换与词性变化介绍词义转换的技巧：根据上下文确定词义讲解词性变化的方法：名词转译为动词、形容词转译为副词等2.3 长句翻译分析长句的结构和特点讲解长句翻译的策略：断句、合句、调整语序等第三章：英汉语言对比与翻译3.1 英汉语言特点对比分析英语和汉语的语音、语法、词汇等方面的差异强调了解和掌握这些差异对翻译的重要性3.2 文化差异与翻译介绍英汉文化差异对翻译的影响讲解翻译中文化适应和文化保留的方法3.3 翻译中的常见问题和解决方法分析英汉翻译中常见的困难和问题提供解决这些问题的方法和技巧第四章：不同文体翻译技巧4.1 文学翻译技巧讲解诗歌、小说、戏剧等文学作品的翻译方法强调文学翻译中的艺术性和创造性4.2 商务翻译技巧介绍商务合同、广告、报告等文体的翻译要点强调商务翻译的准确性和专业性4.3 科技翻译技巧讲解科技文章、专利文件等文体的翻译方法强调科技翻译的准确性和专业性第五章：翻译工具与资源5.1 翻译软件与工具介绍常用的翻译软件和在线翻译工具强调翻译软件的辅助作用，不能完全依赖5.2 参考资料与资源介绍翻译中常用的参考资料：词典、手册、专业书籍等强调广泛阅读和积累知识的重要性5.3 翻译团队与协作强调团队合作在翻译项目中的重要性介绍有效的翻译协作方法和工具第六章：口译技巧与实践6.1 口译类型与特点解释同声传译、交替传译等口译类型的区别强调口译中的即时性和准确性6.2 口译技巧讲解听力理解、短期记忆、语言表达等口译技巧强调练习和提高口译能力的重要性6.3 口译实践提供口译练习场景和实例鼓励学生进行模拟练习，提高口译实战能力第七章：本地化与国际化翻译7.1 本地化概念与流程解释本地化的概念和目的讲解本地化的流程：市场调研、翻译、适应性修改等7.2 国际化翻译介绍国际化翻译的原则和方法强调在翻译中考虑不同文化和市场的适应性7.3 翻译案例分析提供实际的翻译案例分析案例中的本地化和国际化翻译策略第八章：翻译评估与反馈8.1 翻译质量评估标准介绍翻译质量评估的主要标准：准确性、流畅性、忠实度等强调评估过程中的客观性和公正性8.2 翻译错误分析分析常见的翻译错误类型：语义错误、语法错误、文化错误等提供避免和纠正这些错误的方法8.3 翻译反馈与改进强调反馈在翻译过程中的重要性讲解如何有效地接收和利用反馈，提高翻译水平第九章：翻译职业规划与发展9.1 翻译职业概述介绍翻译行业的现状和发展趋势强调翻译职业的挑战和机遇9.2 翻译职业规划指导学生进行翻译职业规划提供提升翻译能力和职业发展的建议9.3 翻译伦理与职业素养介绍翻译职业的伦理规范和职业素养强调翻译工作中的责任感和专业精神第十章：翻译案例研究与分析10.1 经典翻译案例研究分析经典的翻译案例：文学作品、历史文献、名人演讲等讲解案例中的翻译策略和技巧10.2 现代翻译案例分析分析现代社会中的翻译案例：广告、电影、网络内容等强调翻译在现代社会中的重要作用和影响力10.3 学生翻译作品点评提供学生的翻译作品点评作品中的优点和不足，提出改进建议重点解析本文教案主要围绕英汉翻译实用教程展开，涵盖了翻译概念、原则、技巧、策略、英汉语言对比、翻译工具与资源、口译技巧与实践、本地化与国际化翻译、翻译评估与反馈、翻译职业规划与发展以及翻译案例研究与分析等十个章节。
英汉翻译教程张培基【完整版】
《英汉翻译教程》第一章总论翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。
（张培基等1983）我国早期典籍《周礼·秋官司寇》篇里就有“象胥”（谓通言语之官）这一名目，唐朝贾公彦所作的《义疏》里提到“译即易，谓换易言语使相解也。
”这条注疏，关于翻译的定义，足以给人不少启发。
用现代文艺理论和语言理论，也许可以诠释为：翻译是把一种语言文字换易成另一种语言文字，而并不变更所蕴含的意义，——或用近年流行的术语说，并不变更所传递的信息，——以达到彼此沟通，互相了解的目的。
（罗新璋1984）一、关于翻译何谓翻译？关于翻译的定义很多。
根据《现代汉语词典》，翻译是“把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来”。
根据《剑桥语言百科全书》，“翻译”这个中性术语是指将一种语言（“原语”）里的词句的意思转变为另一种语言（“目的语”）的意思所做的一切，不论其手段是说话、写字还是做手势。
美国著名翻译理论家奈达认为，所谓翻译，是指从语义到语体在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。
（《奈达论翻译》，1984）有人把翻译看作是一门科学（science），因为它有自身的规律可循；有人看作是一门艺术（art），因为它是译者对原文再创造的过程；也有人看作是一门手艺（craft），因为原语的信息需要用地道恰当的目的语再现。
在自动化数据处理中，翻译又被定义为：“将计算机信息从一种语言转换成另一种语言，或将字符从一种表示转换成另一种表示。
”（《现代科学技术词典》上海科学技术出版社1980）凡此种种，不一而足。
但是，在经济和文化日益全球化的今天，翻译的重要性是有目共睹的。
翻译是国际间理解的钥匙，据说西欧的文明归功于翻译者（据L·G·凯里1979）。
季羡林教授也说，翻译是永葆中华文明青春的万应灵药。
前中国驻联合国代表凌青先生说，从中国来讲，没有翻译工作，就没有中国***和中国近代的革命运动，就没有中国成功的对外开放和四个现代化；从世界范围来讲，没有翻译，就没有世界和平，就没有各种国际交往，就没有一个共同繁荣的美好世界的未来。
英汉翻译教案范文
英汉翻译教案范文教案：英汉翻译教学目标：1.学生能够准确理解英汉翻译的基本原理和方法。
2.学生能够使用正确的翻译技巧将英文翻译成中文。
3.学生能够运用所学知识，独立完成一篇简单的英汉翻译。
教学重点：1.英汉翻译的基本原理和方法。
2.翻译技巧的运用。
教学难点：1.如何有效运用翻译技巧。
2.如何把握好英汉翻译的语言风格。
教学过程：一、导入（10分钟）1.教师与学生互动，询问学生对英汉翻译的理解。
2.呈现一段英文短文，让学生尝试翻译成中文。
3.学生尝试用翻译软件进行翻译，比较不同翻译结果的准确性和流畅度。
二、基本原理介绍（20分钟）1.教师介绍英汉翻译的基本原理，如准确传递信息、保持语言风格等。
2.教师详细解释基本原理，比如意译和直译的区别、上下文的重要性等。
3.学生通过教师提供的例子，理解原理的应用。
三、翻译技巧讲解（30分钟）1.教师介绍几种翻译技巧，如同义替换、增添补充信息等。
2.教师详细解释各种翻译技巧的使用方法和注意事项。
3.学生通过练习题，运用所学翻译技巧进行翻译。
四、实际操作（30分钟）1.学生分组，每组选择一段英文短文进行翻译。
2.学生在小组内协作，运用所学翻译技巧完成翻译任务。
3.学生将翻译结果展示给全班，并互相评价。
五、总结与反思（10分钟）1.教师总结本节课所学的内容，强化学生对英汉翻译的理解。
2.学生反思自己在翻译过程中遇到的问题和不足。
3.教师给予学生反馈和建议，鼓励学生继续努力提高翻译水平。
教学资源：1.英文短文2.翻译软件3.练习题教学评估：1.学生在小组协作中的表现。
2.学生翻译的准确性和流畅度。
3.学生对翻译技巧的理解和运用。
教学延伸：1.学生可以进一步学习翻译的高级技巧和技巧，如词汇选择、语法转换等。
2.学生可以自主扩展翻译技能，进行更复杂的翻译任务。
教学反思：1.教学目标和重点难点的设置是否合理。
2.教学过程是否能够激发学生的学习兴趣和主动性。
3.教学资源的充分利用和教学评估的准确性。
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2. the nature of translation
Translation means translating meanings(Nida).
……
3 the rules of translation
Alexander Fraser Tytler’s 3 principles(1797) :
3.4 Hans & Vermeer：the theory of “skopos”
3.5 钱钟书： 化境
Sublimed adaptation
3.6 傅雷：
“神似”论 spiritual conformity
Polysystem translation theory Deconstruction theory Culture turn in translation …
2. the nature of translation
Translation is an intentional, interpersonal, partly verbal intercultural inte001）
The translation of science and technology works from late Ming Dynasty to early Qing Dynasty.
The translation of Western natural science and social science works (1840-1919)
The translation should give a complete transcript of the idea of the original work.
The style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original.
The translation should have all the ease of the original composition.
Yanfu (1898): faithfulness, fluency and elegance
3.3Eugene A. Nida: “Theory of Equivalent Effect”
Discuss with your partners: How do you perceive translation? As a language activity? As an art? As a kind of cross-cultural communication? As a job? As a subject?
“transfer of a text from a source language into a text in target language, the objective being a perfect equivalence of meaning between the two texts.”(Tanke ,1976)
The mass translation since 1978.
Famous translators of Fujian origin:
林纾、严复、辜鸿名、林语堂、冰心、 郑振铎、张培基、朱纯深、陈羽纶、余 光中……
《福建翻译家研究》林本椿 主编， 福建 教育出版社，2004
What is translation?
skills, it is no doubt a science. Translation is also a good way to develop
your own language, both native and foreign language.
2. the nature of translation
英汉翻译教程
WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF TRANSLATION!
1. The history of
translation
1.1 the story in the Bible
Tower of Babel
Come, let us build ourselves a city, and a tower with its top in the heaven, and let us make a name for ourselves, lest (otherwise) we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.”
? Why
Understanding
A language activity: one of the five skills in learning English
An art: the processes as well as the product Communication: translation or die Job: for some people, it is a job Subject: to learn translation theory and
2. the nature of translation
Translation is a science/ an art/ a craft/ a skill/ an operation/ a cross-linguistic communication/ a cross-cultural communication/
王国维（1877年— 1927年）
1.2 the earliest translation in Egypt
3000 BC
1.3 the history of translation In China
The translation of Buddhist scripture from East Han Dynasty to Song Dynasty.