2019年广东暨南大学材料综合考研真题

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2019年暨南大学考研真题821 材料综合-2019-A

2019年暨南大学考研真题821 材料综合-2019-A

2019年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题******************************************************************************************** 招生专业及代码:080501 材料物理与化学、080502材料学、080503 材料加工工程、0805Z1 生物材料、085204材料工程(专业学位)考试科目级代码:821材料综合考生请注意:《材料综合》满分150分,考卷包括A《基础化学》、B《材料科学基础》两项内容。

请根据自己的专业背景和未来拟从事的专业研究方向,只能从A、B两项中任选其中一项作答,如果两项都做,仅记A项的成绩。

A、基础化学考生注意:所有答案必须写在答题纸(卷)上,写在本试题上一律不给分。

一、选择题(选择一个正确答案,共20题,每小题2分,共40分)1. 以下哪一个离子半径最小?(A) Li+(B) Na+(C) Be2+(D) Mg2+2.以下哪一个元素的第一电离能最低:(A) Sr (B) As (C) Xe (D) F3.下列分子中,具有偶极矩的是:(A) PCl5(B) H2Se (C) CO2(D) BCl34. 下列分子中,哪一个分子的键级最大:(A) BN (B) Ne2(C) F2(D) N25. 下列哪一种物质的酸性最强:(A) HBr (B) H2Te (C) H2Se (D) PH36. 在酸性溶液中,下列各对离子能共存的是:(A) Fe2+和Ag+(B) SO32-和MnO4-(C) Hg2+和Sn2+(D) Fe2+和Sn2+7. 下列哪一种弱酸的盐最易水解?(A) HA:K a= 1×10-8(B) HB:K a= 2×10-6(C) HC:K a= 3×10-8(D) HD:K a= 4×10-108. 浓度为1.0×10-4 mol/L,K a = 1.0×10-5的某酸性指示剂在变色点时的pH值为:(A) 3.00 (B) 5.00 (C) 7.00 (D) 9.009. 下列说法中,哪个是不正确的:(A) 氢键具有饱和性和方向性(B) 氢键强弱与元素电负性有关(C) 氢键属于共价键(D) 分子间氢键使化合物的熔点、沸点显著升高10. 反应CO(g ) + 2H 2(g )→ CH 3OH(g )不存在催化剂时,正反应的活化能为E 1,平衡常数为K 1。

2019年暨南大学研究生入学试题811普通物理A

2019年暨南大学研究生入学试题811普通物理A

(C)减小 b
(D)减小 λ
考试科目:普通物理
].
共 4 页,第1页
9.一平面衍射的光栅具有 N 条光缝,则中央零级干涉明条纹和一侧第一级干涉明纹之间将出
现的暗条纹的数目为 [
(A)
].
(B) − 1
(C) − 2
(D) 2
10.用激光作为全息照相的光源主要是利用激光的什么特性[
]
(A)方向性好 (B)单色性好 (C)相干性好 (D)能量集中
].
(A)反射光一定是部分偏振光
(B)折射光一定是部分偏振光
(C)没有反射光
(D)没有折射光
6.在垂直入射的劈尖干涉实验中,若减小劈尖的夹角,则[
].
(A)干涉条纹变弯曲
(B)相邻干涉条纹间距变小
(C) 相邻干涉条纹间距不变
(D)相邻干涉条纹间距变大
7.对于动量和位置的不确定关系,以下说法正确的是[
dt
断其方向.
Q
26. (10 分)如图所示,在边长为 a 的正方形的四个顶点分别固定有
Q
q
电量均为 Q 的点电荷.在正方形对角线的交点上放置一个电量为
q( q 与 Q 同号)的自由点电荷.今将 q 沿某一对角线移动一个很
小的距离 x (x<<a).试证明 q 所受的库仑力正比于 x.
Q
Q
第 26 题图
长增加了 50%,求反冲电子的动能.
29. (4 分)在单缝衍射实验中,波长为 = 490 的单色光的第二级亮纹与波长为′的单色光
的第三级亮纹恰好重合,求′的值.
30. (6 分)薄钢片上有两条紧靠的平行细缝,用波长 500nm 的平面光波正入射到薄钢片

2019年暨南大学考研真题819材料力学A卷

2019年暨南大学考研真题819材料力学A卷

2019年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
********************************************************************************************
招生专业与代码:一般力学与力学基础、固体力学、工程力学、结构工程
题1-2图题1-4图
题1-5图
二、单项选择题(每小题2分,共5小题,共10分)
构件内某点的平面应力状态所对应的应力莫尔圆退化为题2-1图中A点,则在其受力平面。

(B)面内切应力小于零
考试科目:材料力学共 4 页,第1 页
题2-1图题2-2图
题2-3图题2-4图
三、简答题(每小题8分,共5小题,共分)
E=,混凝土的弹性模量
如低碳钢的弹性模量210GPa
s。

假设低碳钢和混凝土杆横截面形状完全相同,试求下列各项:
相等的情况下,钢和混凝土杆的纵向线应变ε之比;
的方位角为
试求题3-3图所示阴影截面对
考试科目:材料力学共 4 页,第2 页
题3-2图
题3-3图题3-4图
题3-5图
四、计算题(每小题15分或20分,共5小题,共90分)
图所示杆系结构,①、②、③杆铰接在滑块G上,滑块G能沿竖向移动,杆②在竖直位置,各杆的EA相同,长度均为L,滑块G上受竖向荷载F作用,试求
平支反力(可用能量法求解)。

(20分)
考试科目:材料力学共 4 页,第3 页
题4-1图题4-3图
题4-2图题4-5图
题4-4图
考试科目:材料力学共 4 页,第4 页。

2019年暨南大学考研真题811普通物理A硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷

2019年暨南大学考研真题811普通物理A硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷

考试科目:普通物理共4页,第1页2019年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题A********************************************************************************************招生专业与代码:凝聚态物理、光学、物理电子学、理论物理考试科目名称及代码:普通物理考生注意:所有答案必须写在答题纸(卷)上,写在本试题上一律不给分.一、单项选择题(每小题3分, 共60分)1.三个偏振片P 1、P 2与P 3堆叠在一起,P 1与 P 3的偏振化方向相互垂直,P 1与P 2的偏振化方向间的夹角为45°,强度为I 0的自然光入射于偏振片P 1,并依次透过偏振片P 1、P 2与P 3,则通过三个偏振片后的光强为[ ].(A ) I 0/4(B ) I 0/8(C ) 3 I 0/8(D ) I 0/16.2.下列哪种现象说明光是一种横波 [].(A )光的衍射 (B )光的色散 (C )光的偏振 (D )光的干涉3.在杨氏双缝干涉实验中,是通过下列哪种方法得到相干光源的[ ].(A )振幅分割法 (B )波阵面分割法 (C )反射光法 (D )折射光法4.在劳埃德镜实验中,若光源竖直向上移动,即增大光源到反射镜的垂直距离,则在干涉条纹中,下列说法正确的是[].(A )相邻明纹的间距将变大 (B )相邻明纹的间距将变小(C )相邻明纹的间距将不变 (D )干涉明纹非等间距分布5.已知线偏振光以布儒斯特角入射到空气和玻璃的分界面上,光的偏振方向平行于入射面,下面说法正确的是[].(A )反射光一定是部分偏振光 (B )折射光一定是部分偏振光(C )没有反射光 (D )没有折射光6.在垂直入射的劈尖干涉实验中,若减小劈尖的夹角,则[].(A )干涉条纹变弯曲 (B )相邻干涉条纹间距变小(C ) 相邻干涉条纹间距不变(D )相邻干涉条纹间距变大7.对于动量和位置的不确定关系,以下说法正确的是[ ](A )微观粒子的动量和位置不可同时确定 (B )微观粒子的动量不可确定 (C )微观粒子的位置不可确定(D )出现不确定关系的根本原因是仪器精度不够8.在单缝衍射实验中,若缝的宽度为b 、光源的波长为λ、透镜的焦距为f ,那么采取下列哪个方法一定能够增大中央明纹的宽度 [ ].(A )同时减小λ、b 、f (B )减小f (C )减小b(D )减小λ。

考研真题:广东暨南大学2019年[材料综合]考试真题

考研真题:广东暨南大学2019年[材料综合]考试真题

考研真题:暨南大学2019年[材料综合]考试真题考试科目级代码:821材料综合考生请注意:《材料综合》满分150分,考卷包括A《基础化学》、B《材料科学基础》两项内容。

请根据自己的专业背景和未来拟从事的专业研究方向,只能从A、B两项中任选其中一项作答,如果两项都做,仅记A项的成绩。

考生注意:所有答案必须写在答题纸(卷)上,写在本试题上一律不给分。

A、基础化学一、选择题1. 以下哪一个离子半径最小?(A) Li+(B) Na+(C) Be2+(D) Mg2+2.以下哪一个元素的第一电离能最低:(A) Sr (B) As (C) Xe (D) F3.下列分子中,具有偶极矩的是:(A) PCl5(B) H2Se (C) CO2(D) BCl34. 下列分子中,哪一个分子的键级最大:(A) BN (B) Ne2(C) F2(D) N25. 下列哪一种物质的酸性最强:(A) HBr (B) H2Te (C) H2Se (D) PH36. 在酸性溶液中,下列各对离子能共存的是:(A) Fe2+和Ag+(B) SO32-和MnO4-(C) Hg2+和Sn2+(D) Fe2+和Sn2+7. 下列哪一种弱酸的盐最易水解?(A) HA:K a= 1×10-8(B) HB:K a= 2×10-6(C) HC:K a= 3×10-8(D) HD:K a= 4×10-108. 浓度为1.0×10-4 mol/L,K a = 1.0×10-5的某酸性指示剂在变色点时的pH值为:(A) 3.00 (B) 5.00(C) 7.00 (D) 9.009. 下列说法中,哪个是不正确的:(A) 氢键具有饱和性和方向性(B) 氢键强弱与元素电负性有关(C) 氢键属于共价键(D) 分子间氢键使化合物的熔点、沸点显著升高10. 反应CO(g) + 2H2(g)→CH3OH(g)不存在催化剂时,正反应的活化能为E1,平衡常数为K1。

2018一2019年广东暨南大学包装工程综合考研真题

2018一2019年广东暨南大学包装工程综合考研真题

2018一2019年广东暨南大学包装工程综合考研真题2018年广东暨南大学包装工程综合考研真题一、简述题(每题5分,共75分)1、玻璃包装容器广泛用于食品、日用化工产品、药品等的包装,请问成型后的玻璃容器为何要进行表面处理?2、简要回答提高塑料包装材料阻隔性能的方法。

3、抄纸过程中有“调料”这一工艺,请解释“调料”一词,并说明“调料”的目的。

4、金属包装材料包括板材和箔材,请问它们是如何划分的?在包装领域各自有哪些用途?5、包装用纸材料有哪些种类?6、根据瓦楞的齿形可将瓦楞纸板分为哪几类?各种瓦楞有何特征与性能?7、镀锌薄钢板是应用较多的金属包装材料,多用于制造中型和大型容器,请简要说明镀锌薄钢板的结构及性能。

8、某复合包装材料结构可表示为:纸/聚乙烯/铝箔/聚乙烯,请说明该复合材料由内层到外层的材料分布顺序,并指出各层材料的作用。

9、产品流通过程由哪几个基本环节组成?何为流通环境条件标准化?10、缓冲包装方法一般分为哪三种?各有何特点?11、运输包装件通常要做哪些性能试验?12、缓冲包装设计六步法与五步法有何区别?13、叙述产品脆值的定义。

14、何为集合包装?15、论述射频识别技术的组成和原理。

二、计算题(每题15分,共45分)1、请写出复合包装材料渗透系数计算公式,根据该公式做如下计算:现有5层结构组成的某复合包装薄膜:聚乙烯/粘合剂/尼龙6/粘合剂/聚乙烯,其中3种不同高分子材料的透氧系数和单层厚度分别为:聚乙烯:P1=427.5cm3.um/m2.d.kpa,L1=200um,尼龙6:P2=5.8cm3.um/m2.d.kpa,L2=65um,粘合剂:P3=388.6cm3.um/m2.d.kpa,L3=20um,求该复合薄膜的总渗透系数。

2、一重量为100N的产品,脆值为80g。

要保证从80cm的高度处跌落而不破损,规定用密度为0.031g/cm3的聚氯乙烯泡沫作缓冲衬垫(该泡沫在时有最小缓冲系数c=2.6,且相应的应变ε=0.65),试计算衬垫所需尺寸,并求衬垫的最大变形量、单位体积最大变形能、最大缓冲力。

考研真题:广东暨南大学2019年[外国语言文学综合]考试真题

考研真题:广东暨南大学2019年[外国语言文学综合]考试真题

考研真题:暨南大学2019年[外国语言文学综合]考试真题I. Multiple choices. There are 20 questions in this part. Choose the best answer to each question. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. Both linguistics candidates and literature candidates must do this part. (20%) 1. A king or a queen is the head of the United Kingdom as the state is a constitutional monarchy. In practice, _________________.A. Parliament rules the countryB. the Prime Minister rules and reignsC. the Sovereign reigns but does not ruleD. the Sovereign rules but does not reign2. Since 1945, two parties, _________________, have held political power in the UK.A. the Conservative Party and the Labor PartyB. the Democratic Party and the Republican PartyC. the Labor Party and the Social Democratic PartyD. the Labor Party and the Democratic Party3. The finest exponents of Elizabethan drama in the English Renaissance are represented by __________________.A. Ben Johnson, Christopher Marlowe and Charles DickensB. Edmund Spenser, Charles Dickens and William ShakespeareC. William Shakespeare, Ben Johnson and Charles DickensD. William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and Ben Johnson4. The mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social economic organization in Great Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries is referred to as _________________.A. Economic BoomB. Industrial RevolutionC. Glorious RevolutionD. Urbanization5. In the UK, children from the age of 5 to 16 _________________.A. receive completely free educationB. receive partly free educationC. do not receive free education at allD. do not receive free education if their parents are rich6. Discovery of law of the universal gravitation by _________________ is the most important of all his achievements in physics.A. KeplerB. Isaac NewtonC. GalileoD. Copernicus7. The earliest settlers in America first found and took over the parts of _________________.A. The Appalachians and their foothillsB. The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal PlainC. The interior lowlandsD. The Cordillera8. _________________ guaranteed the blacks and other races in the U.S. the right to vote.A. Emancipation Proclamation in 1863B. The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865C. The Civil Rights Act of 1964D. The Voting Rights Act of 19659. In early 19th century, _________________was the center of American writing.A. BostonB. ChicagoC. PhiladelphiaD. New York City10. _________________ is the most important and largest river in the United States of America.A. The Colorado RiverB. The Mississippi RiverC. The Missouri RiverD. The Ohio River11. In the United States of America, Constitutional Amendment can go into effect after it is approved by _________________.A. two thirds of both housesB. three fourths of the statesC. two thirds of the statesD. half of the states12. _________________ is not the major newspaper or magazine in the U. S.A. Financial TimesB. New York TimesC. Washington PostD. National Geography .13. Canada consists of _________________ geographical regions.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six14. Maples always symbolize _________________.A. AmericaB. AustraliaC. CanadaD. England15. English and _________________ are the official languages in Canada.A. FrenchB. GermanC. PortugueseD. Spanish16. The important economy in Canada’s Atlantic provinces is _________________ since there are rich green mountains and valleys in these regions.A. agricultureB. forestry tradeC. textile businessD. tourist trade17. Australia locates between _________________ and Indian Ocean.A. the ArcticB. the AtlanticC. the North SeaD. Pacific Ocean18. _________________ is the sunniest city in Australia.A. AdelaideB. DarwinC. MelbourneD. Sydney19. _________________ is not one of the major exports of New Zealand.A. DairyB. FishC. OilD. Wool20. The Republic of Ireland declared its independence in _________________.A. 1918B. 1931C. 1945D. 1949II. Fill in the blanks with proper answers. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. Both linguistics candidates and literature candidates must do this part. (20%)1. The description of a language as it changes through time is a _________________ study in linguistics.2. The relationship between words and what they represent is generally _________________.3. _________________ are produced by obstructing the flow of air as it passes from the lungs through the vocal tract and out through the mouth or nose.4. The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the _________________ of that phoneme.5. Words are not the only linguistic units to carry _________________ meaning. Sentences refer to actions, states, and events in the world as well.6. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called _________________ rules.7. The fundamental function of every language system is to link meaning and expression—to provide _________________ expression for thought and feeling.8. When a word has two or more related meanings, it is a _________________.9. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose points are to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _________________.10. A _________________ sentence, often called a clause, contains a verb and, at a minimum, any other expressions required by the verb as part of its structural characteristics.11. ____________ refers to a contrast or an incongruity between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually happens.12.English Romanticism began in 1798 with the publication of ______________.13.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!” is an epigrammatic line by _____________.14.Marcel Proust, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf are the representative writers of the ___________.15.The sub-title of Vanity Fair is ___________. The writer’s intention was not to portray individuals, but the bourgeois and aristocratic society as a whole.16.___________’s poetry is unique and unconventional in its own way. Her poems have no titles, hence are always quoted by their first lines. 17.The most original playwright of the Theatre of Absurd is Samuel Beckett and his first play, _______________, is regarded as the most famous and influential play of the Theater of Absurd.18.The literary spokesman of the Jazz Age is often thought to be ______________.19.The period from 1865-1914 has been referred to as ____________in the literary history of the United States.20.In his poems, Walt Whitman is innovative in the terms of the form of his poetry, which is called “_____________”.III. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. Both linguistics candidates and literature candidates must do this part. (10%)Section A: Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False. If it is true, write T and if it is false, write F.1. Grammar is a system of elements and patterns that organizes linguisticexpression.2. Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history.3. Category refers to a group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb.4. Sometimes languages use different scripts for same purposes.5. When two phonetically similar sounds occur in the same environments and they distinguish meaning, they are regarded as complementary distribution.Section B: Give the author’s name and indicate the genre of the following works.6. The Merchant of Venice7. “A Rose for Emily”8. The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn9. “I Wandered Lonely As a Cloud”10. “Ode to a Nightingale”IV. Choose SIX from the following terms and explain them briefly. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (30%)1. tone2. open class words3. major lexical categories of English language4. sense5. speech community6. cultural overlap7. epic8. sentimentalism9. the Lost Generation10. heroic couplet11. Lake poets12. point of viewV. Answer the following questions: Section A for linguistics candidates and Section B for literature candidates. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40%)Section A:1. What can be the differences between the macro-sociolinguistics and the micro-sociolinguistics?2. According to Halliday’s register theory, what are the three social variables that determine a register?3. What are the strong and weak versions of Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?4. What is children’s atypical development of language acquisition?Section B:5.Based on The Old Man and the Sea, discuss the themes and writing style of Ernest Hemingway’s novels.6.Discuss the theme of the poem “The Waste Land”by Thomas Stearns Eliot and comment on its importance in the history of American literature.ment on the main characteristics of Romanticism.8.Make a comment on the character of Jane Eyre, the heroine of the novel Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte.VI. Choose ONE of the following questions and write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (30%)1. Please state Paul Grice’s(1) Conversational Cooperative Principle;(2) its Maxims and sub-maxims;(3) illustrate the maxims with at least one example.(for linguistics candidates)2.Analyze the theme, poetic form and rhetorical devices of the following poem and develop it into an essay with no less than 200 words. (for literature candidates)O Captain, My CaptainO Captain! My Captain! Our fearful trips is done,The ship has weather’d every rack, the prize we sought is won,The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring;But – O heart! Heart! Heart!O the bleeding drops of red,Where on the deck my Captain lies,Fallen cold and dead.O Captain! My Captain! Rise up and hear the bells;Rise up – for you the flag is flung – for you the bugle trills,For you bouquets and ribbon’d wreaths – for you the shores acrowding,For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning;Here Captain! dear father!This arm beneath your head!It is some dream that on the deck,You’ve fallen cold and dead.My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still.My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will,The ship is anchor’d safe and sound, its voyage closed and done,Form fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won;Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells!But I, with mournful tread,Walk the deck my Captain lies,Fallen cold and dead。

2019年广东暨南大学普通化学考研真题

2019年广东暨南大学普通化学考研真题

2019年广东暨南大学普通化学考研真题一、选择题1.某一元弱酸HB的Ka=1.0×10-9,其浓度为0.1mol·L-1的水溶液的pH值为()A.3.0B.5.0C.9.0D.11.02.用纯水将下列溶液稀释10倍时,pH值变化最小的是()A.1.0mol·L-1的氨水溶液B.1.0mol·L-1的醋酸溶液C.1.0mol·L-1的盐酸溶液D.1.0mol·L-1HAc+1.0mol·L-1NaAc3.磷酸H3PO4的pKa1=2.16、pKa2=7.21、pKa3=12.32,则HPO42-的pKb为()A.6.79B.11.84C.1.68D.1.04.根据酸碱质子理论,下列各组物质中都可以作为酸的有()A.HCl,S2-,CO32-B.NH4+,HSO+4-,H2OC.HS-,HPO4-,CO32-D.NH3,H2S,H2O5.反应N2O4(g)═2NO2(g)KӨ1;1/2N2O4(g)═NO2(g)KӨ2;2NO2(g)═N2O4(g)KӨ3;它们的标准平衡常数之间的关系正确的是()A.KӨ1=KӨ2=KӨ3B.KӨ1=2KӨ2=1/KӨ3C.KӨ1=(KӨ2)2=1/KӨ3D.KӨ1=(1/2)KӨ2=1/KӨ36.已知反应A(g)2B(g)+C(g),T、V一定,开始时P(A)=20kPa,达到平衡时总压为40kPa,该反应的平衡转化率为()A.30%B.50%C.10%D.100%7.在298K,100kPa下,反应2H2(g)+O2(g)2H2O(1)=-572kJ·mol-1,则H2O(l)的为()A.572kJ·mol-1B.-572kJ·mol-1C.286kJ·mol-1D.-286kJ·mol-18.N2(g)+O2(g)2NO(g)>0下列变化中,不影响平衡状态的是()A.升高温度B.加大N2压力C.延长反应时间D.通入O29.用KMnO4滴定Fe2+之前,加入几滴MnSO4的作用是()A.催化剂B.诱导反应剂C.氧化剂D.配合剂10.反应级数等于()A.反应方程式中各物质计量数之和B.速率方程式中反应物浓度项的指数之和C.反应分子数D.元反应方程式中各生成物计量数之和11.通常配制FeSO4溶液时,加入少量铁钉,其原因与下列反应中的哪一个无关()A.O2(aq)+4H+(aq)+4e2H2O(l)B.Fe3+(aq)+eFe2+(aq)C.Fe(s)+2Fe3+(aq)3Fe2+(aq)D.Fe3+(aq)+3eFe(s)12.已知298.15K时,φθ(Fe3+/Fe2+)=0.771V,φθ(Hg2+/Hg)=0.851V,则在标准状态下反应Hg+2Fe3+Hg2++2Fe2+()A.正向自发进行B.逆向自发进行C.不能进行D.不确定13.电极反应Cu2++2eCu的φӨ为0.347V,则电极反应2Cu2Cu2++4e的φӨ值为()A.-0.347VB.0.347VC.-0.694VD.0.694V14.某原子基态的电子构型为1s22s22p63s23p5,它在周期表中的位置是()A.p区,ⅦA族B.s区,ⅡA族C.ds区,ⅡB族D.p区,VA族15.所谓的原子轨道是指()A.一定的电子云B.核外电子的几率C.一定的波函数D.某个径向的分布16.凡是中心原子采取sp3d2杂化轨道成键的分子,其空间构型为()A.八面体B.平面四方形C.四方锥体D.以上三种都有可能17.下列物质中,共价成分的是()A.AlF3B.FeCl3C.FeCl2D.SnCl418.CO2分子无偶极距,说明()A.CO2分子是直线构型B.CO2分子稳定C.CO2分子是直线构型,氧原子对称分布在碳原子两旁D.碳原子和氧原子之间键的极性很小19.用AgNO3处理[Fe(H2O)5Cl]Br溶液,产生的沉淀主要是()A.AgBrB.AgClC.AgBr和AgClD.Fe(OH)320.在配合物[Co(NH3)5Cl](NO3)2中,中心离子的电荷数是()A.+1B.+2C.+3D.无法确定21.人们非常重视高层大气中的臭氧,是因为臭氧()A.能吸收紫外线B.有消毒作用C.有毒性D.有漂白作用22.在下列氢氧化物中,哪一种既能溶于过量的NaOH溶液,又能溶于氨水()A.Ni(OH)2B.Zn(OH)2C.Fe(OH)3D.Al(OH)323.关于Na2CO3的水解下列说法错误的是()A.Na2CO3水解,溶液显碱性B.加热溶液将使Na2CO3水解程度增大C.Na2CO3的一级水解比二级水解程度大D.Na2CO3水解溶液显碱性,是因为NaOH是强碱24.某一级反应,反应物浓度由1.0mol·L-1降至0.5mol·L-1需用20min,由0.6mol·L-1降至0.3mol·L-1需用的时间是()A.20minB.40minC.10minD.60min25.根据反应:①I2+SO2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HI②2FeCl3+2HI=2FeCl2+I2+2HCl③2FeCl2+Cl2=2FeCl3可知:I-、Fe2+、Cl-、SO2的还原性由强到弱的顺序是()A.I->Fe2+>Cl->SO2B.Cl->Fe2+>SO2>I-C.Fe2+>I->Cl->SO2D.SO2>I->Fe2+>Cl-二、填空题1.MnO4-离子在不同介质中被还原所得的产物是:强碱性介质中______,中性介质中______,酸性介质中______。

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2019年广东暨南大学材料综合考研真题
一、选择题(选择一个正确答案,共20题,每小题2分,共40分)
1.以下哪一个离子半径最小?
(A)Li+(B)Na+(C)Be2+(D)Mg2+
2.以下哪一个元素的第一电离能:
(A)Sr(B)As(C)Xe(D)F
3.下列分子中,具有偶极矩的是:
(A)PCl5(B)H2Se(C)CO2(D)BCl3
4.下列分子中,哪一个分子的键级:
(A)BN(B)Ne2(C)F2(D)N2
5.下列哪一种物质的酸性最强:
(A)HBr(B)H2Te(C)H2Se(D)PH3
6.在酸性溶液中,下列各对离子能共存的是:
(A)Fe2+和Ag+(B)SO32-和MnO4-
(C)Hg2+和Sn2+(D)Fe2+和Sn2+
7.下列哪一种弱酸的盐最易水解?
(A)HA:Ka=1×10-8(B)HB:Ka=2×10-6
(C)HC:Ka=3×10-8(D)HD:Ka=4×10-10
8.浓度为1.0×10-4mol/L,Ka=1.0×10-5的某酸性指示剂在变色点时的pH值为:
(A)3.00(B)5.00(C)7.00(D)9.00
9.下列说法中,哪个是不正确的:
(A)氢键具有饱和性和方向性
(B)氢键强弱与元素电负性有关
(C)氢键属于共价键
(D)分子间氢键使化合物的熔点、沸点显著升高
10.反应CO(g)+2H2(g)→CH3OH(g)不存在催化剂时,正反应的活化能为E1,平衡常数为K1。

加入催化剂后,反应速率明显增大,此时的正反应的活化能为E2,平衡常数为K2,则:
(A)E1=E2,K1=K2(B)E1>E2,K1<K2
(C)E1<E2,K1=K2(D)E1>E2,K1=K2
11.已知EӨ(Cu2+/Cu)=0.340V,EӨ(Cu+/Cu)=0.521V,则EӨ(Cu2+/Cu+)为:
(A)-0.181V(B)-0.159V(C)0.181V(D)0.159V
12.根据价层电子对互斥理论,RnF4的空间构型为:
(A)正八面体(B)正四面体(C)平面正方形(D)变形四面体
13.下列有关热稳定性的叙述正确的是:
(A)H2CO3>CaCO3>Ca(HCO3)2>CaSiO3
(B)Ca(HCO3)2>CaCO3>CaSiO3>H2CO3
(C)CaSiO3>CaCO3>Ca(HCO3)2>H2CO3
(D)CaCO3>CaSiO3>Ca(HCO3)2>H2CO3
14.HAc在下列溶剂中解离常数的是:
(A)H2O(B)CHCl3(C)液氨(D)液态HF
15.在酸性介质中,若使Mn2+氧化成MnO4-,采用的氧化剂应为:
(A)王水(B)H2O2(C)NaBH4(D)NaBiO3
16.除去ZnSO4水溶液中的杂质Fe3+离子,需加入的最佳物质是:
(A)K4[Fe(CN)6](B)ZnCO3
(C)NH4F(D)NaOH
17.下列量子数的组合中,不合理的是:
(A)1,0,0,(B)2,1,1,
(C)3,1,-1,(D)4,-1,0,
18.根据酸碱质子理论,下列物质中属于共轭酸碱对的是:
(A)HCN和HOCN(B)H2SO4和HSO3-
(C)NH3和NH2-(D)+NH3CH2COOH和NH2CH2COO-
19.已知某温度下的反应CO(g)+H2O(g)CO2(g)+H2(g)=-41.2kJ/mol,且该反应已达到平衡,为提高CO转化率可采用:
(A)压缩容器体积,增加总压力(B)扩大容器体积,减少总压力
(C)升高温度(D)降低温度
20.电对Fe3++e-Fe2+的φӨ=0.771V,据此可反映:
(A)Fe2+较Fe3+容易还原(B)Fe2+较H+容易还原
(C)Fe3+较H+容易还原(D)Fe较H+容易还原
二、填空题(共11题,每空1分,共25分)
1.一原子的净电荷为-1,它有18个电子和20个中子,它的同位素符号是(),原子序数是(),质量数是(3)。

2.H3BO3水溶液显酸性的反应式是(),所以H3BO3为()元酸。

3.写出下列化合物下划线原子的杂化轨道类型及其分子构型BCl3(),();HCN(8),();
4.0.025mol/L某一元弱酸水溶液的凝固点为-0.060℃,此酸的解离常数Ka=()。

5.某一个化学反应在400K时=-167.5kJ/mol,在400K以上该反应是自发的,400K以下不是自发的,则在400K时该反应的=(),=()。

6.胶体的特性是(),(),()。

7.把0.100mol的氨溶于水中形成 1.00L的溶液,其中氢氧根离子的浓度为 1.34×
10-3mol/L,则氨的Kb值为()。

8.化合物[FeCl2(H2O)4]+命名为(),其中心原子为(),配位数为()。

9.原子序数为47的元素处在周期表中第()周期,第()族,其价层电子排布为()。

10.偶然误差服从()规律,因此可以采取()的措施减免偶然误差。

三、是非题(正确的打√,错误的打×,共10小题,每题1分,共10分)
1.()玻尔原子轨道可以用Ψ(n,l,m)来表示。

2.()1个C=C双键的键能等于2个C-C单键键能之和
3.()主族金属离子不能作为配合物的中心离子
4.()某化学反应的大于零,则KӨ一定小于1
5.()用水稀释AgCl的饱和溶液后,AgCl的溶度积和溶解度都不变
6.()若电池的标准电动势大于零,则电池反应一定正向进行
7.()用0.20mol/LNaOH溶液滴定0.10mol/LH3PO4溶液时,在滴定曲线上出现3个突跃范围
8.()锌盐、镉盐、汞盐在过量氨水中反应均生成配位氨合物
9.()在同一温度、压力下,同一物质的熵值一定
10.()溶度积大的沉淀一定能转化成溶度积小的沉淀
四、问答题(共2题,每题10分,共20分)
1.F2分子和OF分子,哪个分子是顺磁性的?哪个分子更稳定而不离解成原子?并解释原因。

2.什么是重结晶?KCl和KNO3哪种化合物更适合于用重结晶进行提纯?。

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