考研英语翻译(第一讲)
研究生英语综合教程崔校平Unit1课文翻译
MangoThe mango is native to Southern Asia, especially Burma and Eastern India. It spread early on to Malaya, Eastern Asia and Eastern Africa. Mangos were introduced to California (Santa Barbara)in 1880.芒果原产于亚洲南部，特别是缅甸和印度东部。
它很早就传播到马来亚、东亚和东非。
1880年，芒果被引入加利福尼亚（圣巴巴拉）。
The mango exists in two races, one from India and the other from the Philippines and Southeast Asia. The Indian race is intolerant of humidity, has flushes of bright red new growth that are subject to mildew, and bears monoembryonic fruit of high color and regular form. The Philippine race tolerates excess moisture, has pale green or red new growth and resists mildew. Its polyembryonic fruit is pale green and elongated kidney-shaped.芒果有两个种族，一个来自印度，另一个来自菲律宾和东南亚。
印度种族不耐潮湿，新长出的果实呈鲜红色，容易发生霉变，结出的单胚果颜色高亮，形状规则。
它的多胚胎果实为淡绿色，拉长的肾形。
Mangos basically require a frost-free climate. Flowers and small fruit can be killed if temperatures drop below 40'F,even for a short period. Young trees may be seriously damaged if the temperature drops below 30'F,but mature trees may withstand very short periods of temperatures as low as 25'F.The mango must have warm, dry weather to set fruit. Mangos luxuriate in summer heat and resent cool summer fog. Wet,humid weather favors anthracnose and poor fruit set.芒果需要在无霜气候下生长。
研究生英语综合教程1课后翻译(交大版)
Unit11、他们被背包压得弯下了腰，在山坡上的松树林里一步步向上爬，全身淌着汗。
Bending under the weight of the packs, sweating, they climbed steadily in the pine forest that covered the mountainside.2、我们在无聊的时候，往往把注意力集中在时间的流逝上，这样会使大脑活动产生错觉，总觉得时钟似乎走得更慢。
Concentrating on time passing, as we do when bored, will trigger brain activity which will make it seem as though the clock is ticking more slowly.3、法国第二季度的失业率飙升，并且该国财长称，即使全球经济复苏加快，就业局面仍将继续恶化。
这是自2006年初以来最糟糕的季度失业率。
Unemployment shot up in France during the second quarter, and the country’s top finance official said the situation will continue to aggravate even if a global economic recovery gathers pace. It was the worst quarterly unemployment in France since early 2006.4、社会实践是不断发展的，我们的思想认识也应不断前进，应勇于根据实践的要求进行创新。
As social practice continues to develop, we should keep renewing our ideas and make innovations courageously in light of practical needs.5、自行车被看成是比公共汽车更实惠的交通工具，因为公共汽车票价在最近几年内涨了三倍。
研究生英语第一课课后翻译
研究生英语第一课课后翻译第一篇：研究生英语第一课课后翻译有时候，在工作中重要的倒是能否处理好人际关系而不是有多大的才能。
人际关系就是一种善于听取别人意见体察别人的需要虚心接受批评的能力。
善于处理人际关系的人敢于承认错误，敢于承担自己的责任，这是对待错误的一种成熟和负责任的态度。
这就是为什么许多平平庸庸的公司雇员在大调整中保住了位置，而有才能的人反而下岗。
因为他们很注意处理各方面的关系，所以八面玲珑，到处有缘。
而人际关系差的人往往不能处理好批评。
碰到错误，他们首先想到自己，拒不承认自己有错，或情绪低落或大发雷霆，成为有刺的人，难以相处。
Sometimes it is interpersonal skills rather than professional skills that really counts in your career.Interpersonal skills are nothing but the ability to be good listener, to be sensitive toward other‟s needs, to take criticism well.People with skill in social relations admit their mistakes, and take their share of blame, which is a mature and responsible way to handle an error.That‟s why many mediocre employees survive violent corporate upheavals while people of great talent are being laid off.Sensitive in their dealings with others, they are well liked everywhere.People with poor interpersonal skills have trouble taking criticism.When confronted with a mistake, they let their ego get in the way.They deny responsibility and became moody or angry.They mark themselves as “prickly”.Every so often, it is one’s interpersonal skills rather than his capabilities that matter in his work.Interpersonal skills are the ability to listen to others, observe others’needs, and be open to criticisms.An interpersonally skilful person never fails to admit his mistakes and shoulder his responsibilities, since he has a mature andresponsible attitude toward mistakes.That is why in a company’s personnel reshuffle many employees with mediocre capabilities are allowed to stay while some talented people get dismissed.The former are careful to deal with people all around them, so they are popular with everyone and favored everywhere.In contrast, those with poor interpersonal skills cannot cope well with criticisms from others.When they get things wrong, they tend to put themselves first and deny their mistakes, or they feel depressed or fly into a temper, as unapproachable as a hedgehog.第二篇：研究生英语课后翻译unit3The plane arcs softly into its final descent at Hong Kong International Airport.Below, Victoria Harbor, and the silent rhythms of countless ships.Beyond, sloping mountains fence in a breathtaking city view that seems to stretch forever.This is no ordinary airport.This is no ordinary city.An elderly man passes by wearing pajamas, bearing a brightly feathered bird singing merrily in its cage.Professional gather at a roadside kitchen for noodles, congee and shrimp.Incense from s tiny Taoist temple drifts into the pounding beat of rock music pouring out of a discotheque.A ferry travels on the nearby water regularly, taking passengers to an isolated island 40 minutes away, where Buddhist temples and tiny fishing villages dot the landscape, Hong Kong.Here, 161 km south of the Tropic of Cancer, beats the pulse of Southeast Asia’s heart.Where East greets We st, and past colors present.飞机轻轻地进入香港国际机场做最后的下降。
翻译第一讲 考研
4、This was the period when Einstein began the research which resulted in the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity.
2006 说明文 知识分子定义 （定语从句、否定结构）
2007 说明文 法律学习推广 （名词从句、被动语态）
2008 议论文 对达尔文介绍 （定语从句、并列结构）
2009 议论文 正规教育启示 （状语从句、倒装结构）
2010 议论文 物种保护价值 （名词从句、定语从句）
阅卷采分点=句子结构切分点
1、微观：一个句子2——4个采分点。 ①、2个采分点每个1分。 ②、3个采分点其中1个1分，另外2个0.5。 ③、4个采分点每个0.5。 2、宏观：整句话意思是否通顺，是否扭曲
原文。 3、是否符合汉语习惯。
How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
Time was \ when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence \ that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physical weak, or \ that they prey only on “worthless” species.(2010.48)
考研翻译讲座第1讲
翻译
• 第一部分：考研英语翻译状况分析与策 略 • I. 翻译考试的内容与考生状况分析 • 研究生英语入学考试中的翻译项目 旨在通过翻译测试考生正确理解英文原 文的能力及汉语的表达能力。此项测试 方法是通过阅读一篇难度适中的短文 （题材不限，长度约400字上下），翻 译其中较为复杂的5个句子。翻译共5 题，每题2分，满分为10分；
3. 抓逻辑关系
• 在很多情况下，注意原文的逻辑关系能 保证译文的层次清楚，结构有条不紊。 如Titanic中的最后一句： • The stern, which settled on the bottom almost 1,800 ft. from the bow, had swiveled 180°on its way down. • 其主谓结构为：The stern … had swiveled 180° 船尾旋转了一百八十度
III. 考研翻译的做题思路与步骤
• 2. 理清考题结构，把握句式重心。 • 在粗读一遍，大致搞清原文的主旨大意 的基础上，逐句处理5个句子。读第二 遍时，重点则应放在这五个句子上，确 定句子的意思。
III. 考研翻译的做题思路与步骤
• 3. 分清主次关系，注意”左邻右舍”。 从它们与全文的关系上，特别是从前后 句即它们的中寻找有用的信息，确定代 词的确切含义，句子中出现的”超纲词” 的词义也很有可能从
III. 考研翻译的做题思路与步骤
• 4. 仔细检查译文，确保准确无误。
第二部分：翻译技巧方法讲解辅 导
• • • • • • 1. 分清主从 把握结构 2. 遣词用字 恰如其分 3. 直译意译 抓住要点 4. 适当增添 清楚明了 5. 词语省略 言简意赅 6. 转换变通 自然流畅
研究生英语综合教程UNIT1课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)PDF版
UNIT11. Recently, one of us had the opportunity to speak with a medical student about a research rotation that the student was planning to do. She would be working with Dr. Z, who had given her the project of writing a paper for which he had designed the protocol, collected the data, and compiled the results. The student was to do a literature search and write the first draft of the manuscript. For this she would become first author on the final publication. When concerns were raised about the proposed project, Dr. Z was shocked. "l thought I was doing her a favor," he said innocently, "and besides, I hate writing!"2. Dr. Z is perhaps a bit naive. Certainly, most researchers would know that the student's work would not merit first authorship. They would know that "gift" authorship is not an acceptable research practice. However, an earlier experience in our work makes us wonder. Several years ago, in conjunction with the grant from the Fund for the Improvement of Pott Secondary Education (FIPSE), a team of philosophers and scientists at Dartmouth College 2 ran a University Seminar series for faculty on the topic "Ethical Issues in scientific Research."At one seminar, a senior researcher (let's call him Professor R) argued a similar position to that of Dr. Z. In this case Professor R knew that "gift" authorship, authorship without a significant research contribution, was an unacceptable research practice. However, he had a reason to give authorship to his student.The student had worked for several years on a project suggested by him and the project had yielded to publishable data. Believing that he had a duty to the student to ensure a publication, Professor R had given the student some data that he himself had collected and told the student to write it up. The student had worked hard, he said, albeit on another project, and the student would do the writing. Thus, he reasoned, the authorship was not a "gift."3. These two stories point up a major reason for encouraging courses in research ethics: Good intentions do not necessarily result in ethical decisions. Both of the faculty members in the above scenarios "meant well." In both cases, the faculty members truly believed that what they were doing was morally acceptable. In the first case, Dr. Z's indefensible error was that he was unaware of the conventions of the field.In particular, he seemed blissfully oblivious to the meaning of first authorship. In the second case, Professor R was do ng what he thought best for the student without taking into consideration that moral. ty is a public system and that his actions with regard to a single student have public consequences for the practice of science as a profession.4. Well-meaning scientists, such as those just mentioned, can, with the best of intentions, make unethical decisions. In some cases, such decisions may lead individuals to become embroiled in cases of 1. 最近，我们当中的一员有机会与一名医科学生谈论她正计划要做的一个实验室轮转项目。
考研英语翻译(1)
他送约翰上大学，巴望能让儿子出类拔萃。
(2) Health is above wealth, for this cannot give so much happiness as that.
请注意，“速度”和“速率”这两个词 需要解释。
4．用增词法把抽象概念表达清楚 1) Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty. 氧化作用会使钢铁生锈。
2) After all preparations were made, the plane took off.
不要在过冷、过热、灰尘过重、湿度过 大的情况下使用此电脑。
7．修辞或连贯增词
1) This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine. 这部打字机真是价廉物美。
自然选择在进化中的作用仅在100多年前才得 以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选 择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。
I. 分清主从 把握结构
2. 抓关键信息
Views of the railings where doomed passengers and crew members stood evoked images of the moonless night 74 years ago when the great ship slipped beneath the waves.
题型特点
➢ 3、词汇：上下文 一词多义， 一词转义（具体场合的特定含义）
英汉语言差异
语态 连接词 形式主语和宾语 定语位置 名词化 非谓语动词
研究生英语1课文及课后翻译
（第一册）一、A Working Community1、I have a friend who is a member of the medical community. It doesn’t say that, of course, on the stationery that bears her home address. This membership comes from her hospital work. 我有一个朋友，她属于这个社区医务人员。
虽然因在他信签上的地址还是他的家庭地址，她的社区身份却是来自她所从事的社区工作。
2、I have another friend who is a member of the computer community.This is a fairly new subdivision of our economy, and yet he finds his sense of place in it.我另外一个朋友是电脑社区成员。
尽管这个行业是我们经济中的一个新部门，他还是在其中找到了属于自己的天地。
3、Other friends and acquaintances of mine are members of the academic community, or the business community, or the journalistic community.其他朋友或熟人有学术社区的，有商业社区的，也有新闻社区的。
4、Though you cannot find these on any map, we know where we belong.虽然你在任何一个地图上都找不到这些社区，但是我们却明确知道自己属于哪个社区。
5、None of us, mind you, was born into these communities. Nor did we move into them, U-Hauling our possessions along with us. None has papers to prove we are card-carrying members of one such group or another. Yet it seems that more and more of us are identified by work these days, rather than by street.值得一提的是，我们没有谁一出生就属于这些社区，也不是后来我们搬了进来。
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1994年：科学家、技术与科学发展的关系。 1995年：标准化测试与评估
1996年：科学发展的差别和动力
1997:年：动物的权利
1998年：天体物理学中的大爆炸理论 2000年：政府调控与工业化发展 2002年：行为科学的发展 2004年：语言学 2006年：美国知识分子的作用 2008年：论达尔文的思想及其变化 2010年：生态环保
考研翻译完形高分策略
三. 如何翻译
3.2 真题再现：1996 / 72 第一步：理解句子结构
核心策略：拆分语法结构 如何拆分：英汉语言特点之形合与意合 不同语言的句子内部或外部连接的手段有三种
词汇手段，句法手段和语义手段 英语句法结构重形合，汉语重意合，而句法和词 汇是实现英语形合的重要手段。
考研翻译完形高分策略
所谓通顺，指的是译文语言必须明白畅达，符合规范。 所谓完整，是考研翻译的一个比较特殊的标准。就是说，翻 译出来的每一句话，应该是一个完整的汉语句子，而不是叙述 不清、意义不全的句子。 准确与通顺是相辅相成的。准确而不通顺，会让人感到莫名 其妙；通顺而不忠实于原文，通顺也就失去了意义。 恪守三个标准，切实做到原文和译文在内容和形式上的统一。 准确是第一位的，翻译中不可望文生义，生搬硬套；通顺虽属 第二位，也绝不可只重准确，不顾通顺和完整。
3. 关系词：连接名词性从句的who, whom, whose, what ,which, whatever, whichever等关系代词和when, where, how, why 等 关系副词；连接定语从句的who, which ,that, whom whose等 关系代词。他们也是理解英语句子的拆分点。
狭义概念：
一种语言活动，是把一种语言表达的内容忠实 地用另一种语言表达出来。
考研翻译完形高分策略
1. 1 .1 单词和短语的翻译
1. honeymoon
2. mad cow disease
1. 蜜 月 2. 疯牛病
3. 热线
3. Hot line
4. talk show
Hale Waihona Puke 4.脱5口. g秀ene the5r.a基py因疗法6. chai6n. r连ea锁cti反on应
三. 如何翻译
核心策略：拆分语法结构
1. 基本原则： 把主句和从句拆分出来，把竹竿 部分和修饰部分拆 分出来。
2. 连词： and, or, but , yet, for 等并列连词连接并列句；When， as, since, until, before, after, where, because, though, although, so that 等连接词连接状语从句。他们是理解英语句子 的拆分点。
翻译标准是衡量译文质量的一个尺度。
信、达、雅
---------严复
翻译必须兼顾两面：一则当然求其易懂， 一则保存原作的风姿。---------鲁迅
准确、通顺、完整
-------考研翻译标准
考研翻译完形高分策略
2.4 考研翻译标准
准确、通顺和完整的意义与关系
准确是前提。所谓准确，指的是译文必须正确地传达了原文 的内容。
1. 1 .2 句子的翻译
1. He had one foot in the grave.
2. It is now thought that the more work we give our brains, the more work they are able to do.
1. 他已经是风烛残年了。 2. 现在人们认为，脑筋越用越灵活。
考研翻译完形高分策略
三. 如何翻译
核心策略：拆分语法结构
4. 介词: on, in, with, at , of , to 等介词常常引起介词短语 做修饰语， 他们也是理解英语句子的拆分点。
5. 不定时符号 to : 不定式常常构成不定式短语作定语或状 语修饰语，意识是拆分点。
6.分词：过去分词和现在分词可以钩沉股份此短语作修饰语， 可以是拆分点。
of its original motive.
2009
5. Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to th effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.
考研翻译完形高分策略
三. 如何翻译
3.1 翻译的过程
表达
理解与表达的关系： A. 好理解，好表达 B. 好理解，不好表达 C. 不好理解，不好表达
表达难于理解，它是一个再创造的过程。
考研翻译完形高分策略
三. 如何翻译
3.1 翻译的过程
表达： 初译 + 终译
3.2 真题再现：1996 / 72
This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
1999年：历史研究的方法论 2001年：计算机与未来控制 2003年：人类学的发展 2005年：传媒领域中的电视媒介 2007年：法学推广的意义 2009年：正规教育 2011年：环境对人心智的影响
考研翻译完形高分策略
2.3.2 考研翻译特点
1. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.
考研翻译完形高分策略
1. 1 .3 段落篇章的翻译
Success is discovering your best talents, skills and abilities and applying them where will make the most effective contribution to your fellow men. Success is focusing the full power of all you on what you have a burning desire to achieve.
(Wilfred A. Peterson: The Art of success)
成功是把自己的潜力发挥的淋漓尽致。成功是发掘 你超人的才华，超群的能力，并将它应用于最有力 的最造福于民的事业上。成功是集中全力于你所热 望、所追求的理想上。
考研翻译完形高分策略
1. 2 翻译的主体
原文（源语）-----译者-----译文（目的语）
2010
6. Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption
we all share-----that because we are not robots we
therefore control our thoughts—and reveal its
erroneous nature.
考研翻译完形高分策略
二. 什么是考研英语翻译
2.2 考查的目的 考生能否准确理解内容或结构较复杂的英语文字 材料的能力。
考研翻译完形高分策略
2.3 考研翻译近年的内容和特点
2.3.1考研翻译的内容
1990年：人的性格和行为分析 1992年：智力评估的科学性
1991年：能源与农业 1993年：科学研究的方法
考研翻译完形高分策略
考研翻译和完形填空
主讲人： 党立新
外国语学院
考研翻译完形高分策略
万事初虎势
千
贵
里
乎
始
迈
行
到
易
底
蛇尾不可取
考研翻译完形高分策略
一.什么是翻译？ 二.什么是考研翻译？ 三. 如何翻译？
考研翻译完形高分策略
一.什么是翻译？
1. 1 翻译的概念
广义概念： 语言与语言、语言与非语言之间的代码转换和 基本信息的传达。
7. 标点符号：标点符号常常隔开句子的主干和修饰部分， 也是一个拆分点。
考研翻译完形高分策略
三. 如何翻译
比较(英汉语言形合与意合的特点)
1. Even of the monk can run away, his temple cannot run with him. 跑了和尚，跑不了庙。
2. Even if I were to be beaten to death, I will not tell. 我死我也不说。
2011
考研翻译完形高分策略
2.3.2 考研翻译特点
1. 在连续几年的大纲变动之后，考研翻译没有太大 的变化，其命题更注重考察学生综合运用语言知 识的能力。难度在中等偏上。
2. 针对翻译，要求考生在理解长句、难句和复杂句 型结构的基础上，掌握基本的翻译技巧和翻译方 法。
考研翻译完形高分策略
2.4 考研翻译标准
考研翻译完形高分策略
三. 如何翻译
3.1 翻译的过程
理解
词义的引申： 1. They have their similes and tears. 2. We insist that international trade should not abe a one-way street. 3. I have no head for mathematics
of use.
1991
3. There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them.