曼昆的宏观经济学课件(英文版)
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曼昆《经济学原理》(宏观经济学分册)英文原版PPT课件
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Table 2 Real and Nominal GDP
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Table 2 Real and Nominal GDP
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Table 2 Real and Nominal GDP
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
THE ECONOMY’S INCOME AND EXPENDITURE
• When judging whether the economy is doing well or poorly, it is natural to look at the total income that everyone in the economy is earning.
Y = C + I + G + NX
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
THE COMPONENTS OF GDP
• Consumption (C):
• The spending by households on goods and services, with the exception of purchases of new housing.
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
THE MEASUREMENT OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
• The equality of income and expenditure can be illustrated with the circular-flow diagram.
曼昆《经济学原理》(宏观经济学分册)英文原版PPT课件 25
It is an input into the production process that in the past was an output from the production process.
How Productivity Is Determined
Human capital per worker is the economist’s term for the knowledge and skills that workers acquire through education, training, and experience. Like physical capital, human capital raises a nation’s ability to produce goods and services.
The factors of production directly
How Productivity Is Determined
Physical capital per worker is the stock of equipment and structures that are used to produce goods and services. Physical capital includes:
Production and Growth
Productivity refers to the amount of goods and services produced from each unit of labor input. A nation’s standard of living is determined largely by the productivity of its workers.
How Productivity Is Determined
Human capital per worker is the economist’s term for the knowledge and skills that workers acquire through education, training, and experience. Like physical capital, human capital raises a nation’s ability to produce goods and services.
The factors of production directly
How Productivity Is Determined
Physical capital per worker is the stock of equipment and structures that are used to produce goods and services. Physical capital includes:
Production and Growth
Productivity refers to the amount of goods and services produced from each unit of labor input. A nation’s standard of living is determined largely by the productivity of its workers.
曼昆《经济学原理》(宏观经济学分册)英文原版PPT课件
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
THE COMPONENTS OF GDP • GDP includes all items produced in the economy and sold legally n markets. • What Is Not Counted in GDP?
– Every transaction has a buyer and a seller. – Every dollar of spending by some buyer is a dollar of income for some seller.
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Y = C + I + G + NX
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
THE COMPONENTS OF GDP • Consumption (C):
• The spending by households on goods and services, with the exception of purchases of new housing. • Investment (I):
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Table 2 Real and Nominal GDP
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Table 2 Real and Nominal GDP
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Table 2 Real and Nominal GDP
• “. . . Final . . .” – It records only the value of final goods, not intermediate goods (the value is counted only once).
THE COMPONENTS OF GDP • GDP includes all items produced in the economy and sold legally n markets. • What Is Not Counted in GDP?
– Every transaction has a buyer and a seller. – Every dollar of spending by some buyer is a dollar of income for some seller.
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Y = C + I + G + NX
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
THE COMPONENTS OF GDP • Consumption (C):
• The spending by households on goods and services, with the exception of purchases of new housing. • Investment (I):
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Table 2 Real and Nominal GDP
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Table 2 Real and Nominal GDP
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Table 2 Real and Nominal GDP
• “. . . Final . . .” – It records only the value of final goods, not intermediate goods (the value is counted only once).
曼昆《经济学原理》(宏观经济学分册)英文原版PPT课件——29monetary_system
Copyright © 2004 South-Western
The Functions of Money • Unit of Account
• A unit of account is the yardstick people use to post prices and record debts.
Copyright © 2004 South-Western
The Fed’s Organization • The Federal Reserve System is made up of the Federal Reserve Board in Washington, D.C., and twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks.
The Fed’s Organization • The Federal Reserve Banks
• The New York Fed implements some of the Fed’s most important policy decisions.
pyright © 2004 South-Western
• That is $2,734 in currency per adult.
• Who is holding all this currency?
• Currency held abroad • Currency held by illegal entities
Copyright © 2004 South-Western
Copyright © 2004 South-Western
The Fed’s Organization • The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) is made up of the following voting members:
曼昆经济学原理宏观经济学分册英文原版PPT课件28unemployment
How Is Unemployment Measured?
Unemployment is measured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). It surveys 60,000 randomly selected households every month. The survey is called the Current Population Survey.
How Is Unemployment Measured?
A person is unemployed if he or she is on temporary layoff, is looking for a job, or is waiting for the start date of a new job.
How Is Unemployment Measured?
Based on the answers to the survey questions, the BLS places each adult into one of three categories: Employed Unemployed Not in the labor force
JOB SEARCH
Job search the process by which workers find appropriate jobs given their tastes and skills. results from the fact that it takes time for qualified individuals to be matched with appropriate jobs.
Why Are There Always Some People Unemployed?
Unemployment is measured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). It surveys 60,000 randomly selected households every month. The survey is called the Current Population Survey.
How Is Unemployment Measured?
A person is unemployed if he or she is on temporary layoff, is looking for a job, or is waiting for the start date of a new job.
How Is Unemployment Measured?
Based on the answers to the survey questions, the BLS places each adult into one of three categories: Employed Unemployed Not in the labor force
JOB SEARCH
Job search the process by which workers find appropriate jobs given their tastes and skills. results from the fact that it takes time for qualified individuals to be matched with appropriate jobs.
Why Are There Always Some People Unemployed?
宏观经济学课件(英文版)
GDP Composition
The breakdown of GDP into its various components, such as consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports.
VS
A measure of the percentage of the labor force that is jobless and actively seeking employment.
04
Fiscal Policy and Government Speing is a significant component of the economy, representing a significant share of GDP.
Government spending can also act as a stabilizer during economic downturns, stimulating growth and absorbing economic shocks.
05
Monetary Policy and Central Bank Operations
The main monetary policy tools used by central banks are open market operations, reserve requirements, and interest rate policy.
02
Examples include stimulus packages during the Great Recession, infrastructure spending programs, and social welfare policies.
The breakdown of GDP into its various components, such as consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports.
VS
A measure of the percentage of the labor force that is jobless and actively seeking employment.
04
Fiscal Policy and Government Speing is a significant component of the economy, representing a significant share of GDP.
Government spending can also act as a stabilizer during economic downturns, stimulating growth and absorbing economic shocks.
05
Monetary Policy and Central Bank Operations
The main monetary policy tools used by central banks are open market operations, reserve requirements, and interest rate policy.
02
Examples include stimulus packages during the Great Recession, infrastructure spending programs, and social welfare policies.
宏观经济学 曼昆英文课件Tutorial_CHAP02
FirmsΒιβλιοθήκη Expenditure $
For the economy as a whole, income must equal expenditure. GDP measures the flow of dollars in the economy. 3 Chapter Two
1) To compute the total value of different goods and services, the national income accounts use market prices. Thus, if $0.50 $1.00
®
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
A PowerPoint Tutorial
To Accompany
MACROECONOMICS, 6th. ed.
N. Gregory Mankiw By
Chapter Two
Mannig J. Simidian
1
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the dollar value of all final goods and services produced within an economy in a given period of time.
Two ways of viewing GDP
Total income of everyone in the economy
Total expenditure on the economy’s output of goods and services Income $ Labor
Households Goods
曼昆《宏观经济学》(第五版)课堂讲义PPT(英文)Ch10
Chapter Ten
Y2 Y* Y1
Income, Output, Y
9
Consider how changes in government purchases affect the economy. Because government purchases are one component of expenditure, higher government purchases result in higher planned expenditure, for any given level of income. Expenditure, E B G A Actual Expenditure, Y=E Planned Expenditure, E=C+I+G
A PowerPointTutorial to Accompany macroeconomics, 5th ed. N. Gregory Mankiw
CHAPTER TEN Aggregate Demand I
Mannig J. Simidian
Chapter Ten 1
The Great Depression caused many economists to question the validity of classical economic theory (from Chapters 3-6). They believed they needed a new model to explain such a pervasive economic downturn and to suggest that government policies might ease some of the economic hardship that society was experiencing. In 1936, John Maynard Keynes wrote The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. In it, he proposed a new way to analyze the economy, which he presented as an alternative to the classical theory. Keynes proposed that low aggregate demand is responsible for the low income and high unemployment that characterize economic downturns. He criticized the notion that aggregate supply alone determines national income.
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2000
CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics
slide 9
Interest rates and mortgage payments
For a $150,000 30-year mortgage:
date
actual rate on 30-year mortgage
U.S. Gross Domestic Product
in billions of chained 1996 dollars
10,000 9,000
longest economic expansion on record
8,000
7,000
6,00R0 ecessions
5,000
4,000
3,000 1970
slide 2
Important issues in macroeconomics
▪ What is the government budget deficit?
How does it affect the economy?
▪ Why does the U.S. have such a huge trade
Unemployment and social problems
CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics
slide 6
Unemployment and social problems
Each one-point increase in the unemployment rate is associated with:
slide 8
%
Unemployment and earnings growth
5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 1965
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995
growth rate of inflation-adjusted hourly earnings change in Unemployment rate
2. The macroeconomy affects your well-being.
▪ example 1:
Unemployment and earnings growth
▪ example 2:
Interest rates and mortgage payments
CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics
Learning objectives
This chapter introduces you to
▪ the issues macroeconomists study ▪ the tools macroeconomists use ▪ some important concepts in
macroeconomic analysis
in billions of chained 1996 dollars
10,000
9,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000 1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics
slide 4
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics
slide 5
Why learn macroeconomics?
1. The macroeconomy affects society’s well-being.
▪ example:
even when the economy is booming?
▪ Why are there recessions?
Can the government do anything to combat recessions? Should it??
CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics
monthly payment
▪ 920 more suicides ▪ 650 more homicides ▪ 4000 more people admitted to state mental
institutions ▪ 3300 more people sent to state prisons ▪ 37,000 more deaths ▪ increases in domestic violence and
macro
CHAPTER ONE
The Science of Macroeconomics
macroeconomics
fifth edition
N. Gregory Mankiw
PowerPoint® Slides by Ron Cronovich
© 2002 Worth Publishers, all rights reserved
homelessness
CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics
slide 7
Why learn macroeconomics?
1. The macroeconomy affects society’s well-being.
▪ example:
Unemployment and social problems
CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics
slide 1
Important issues in macroeconomics
▪ Why does the cost of living keep rising?
▪ Why are millions of people unemployed,
deficit?
▪ Why are so many countries poor?
What policies might help them grow out of poverty?
CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics
slide 3
U.S. Grossபைடு நூலகம்Domestic Product