WestminsterAbbey威思敏斯特教堂介绍

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威斯敏斯特宫

威斯敏斯特宫

相关规定
食物、饮料及吸烟 着装
称谓 其他规定
威斯敏斯特威斯敏斯特宫在几个世纪以来,制定和形成了一系列规定和传统。17世纪后,在上下两院厅室内 禁止吸烟。结果,议员们用鼻烟取而代之,看门人也为此保留有鼻烟匣子。尽管媒体传闻不断,但截至2005年, 大厦内依然禁止吸烟。同时议员们也不能在与会厅室内饮食,但或对于英国财政大臣例外。
钟楼全景查尔斯·巴里爵士的威斯敏斯特宫设计包括了数座塔楼。最高的当属西南广场的维多利亚塔,达到 了98.5米。以重修时期的女王维多利亚命名,今天成为了国会档案馆。其顶部有金属旗杆,王室列席时悬挂皇家 旗或在平时悬挂英国国旗。塔基部分是皇家专属通道,用于保障国会开幕大典或是其他官方庆典时期皇室成员的 进出。
结束第一次英荷战争(1652—1654)的和约《威斯敏斯特条约》于1654年4月5日在威斯敏斯特宫签订。
建筑特点与艺术特点
建筑外观
内部结构
①石料
威斯敏斯特宫外面的石料最初取自南约克郡小镇阿斯顿的采石场,采用沙色镁质石灰岩。然而污染和石料低 品质却导致了石料的剥离和崩坏。虽然早在1849年就已发现这些缺陷,然而截至19世纪结束,都未有任何举措。 直到1910年代,才确定一些石料需要得到更换。
1987年,根据文化遗产遴选依据标准(i)(ii)(iv),威斯敏斯特宫、西敏寺和圣玛格丽特教堂被联合国教科 文组织世界遗产委员会批准作为文化遗产列入《世界遗产名录》。
遴选依据标准(i):威斯敏斯特教堂是一个独特的艺术建筑,代表了英国哥特式艺术的各个阶段的惊人序列。
遴选依据标准(ii):除了中世纪对英国建筑的影响外,威斯敏斯特大教堂还发挥了另一个主导作用,在19世 纪哥特式复兴时期,影响了威斯敏斯特宫的查尔斯·巴里(Charles Barry)和奥古斯都·韦尔比·普金 (Augustus Welby Pugin)的工作。

威斯敏斯特大教堂

威斯敏斯特大教堂

威斯敏斯特大教堂威斯敏斯特大教堂是位于英国伦敦的一座著名教堂,位于泰晤士河南岸的威斯敏斯特区。

作为英国最重要的宗教建筑之一,威斯敏斯特大教堂不仅是一座古老的宗教场所,也是英国历史和文化的象征。

本文将从建筑风格、历史背景、文化意义等方面介绍威斯敏斯特大教堂。

威斯敏斯特大教堂建于11世纪,是英国最古老的教堂之一。

教堂的建筑风格主要是哥特式,展现了哥特式建筑的特征,如尖拱形门窗、高大的尖塔、雄伟的拱顶等。

教堂的外观巍然壮丽,宏伟的建筑让人仿佛置身于中世纪的宗教世界。

内部空间辽阔,天花板上装饰着华丽的壁画和雕塑,墙上悬挂着神圣的十字架和宗教画作。

教堂内的礼拜堂、教堂会堂等设施完善,为信众提供了举行各种教礼和活动的场所。

威斯敏斯特大教堂对于英国历史具有重要意义。

自建成以来,威斯敏斯特大教堂成为英国皇室的加冕和葬礼地。

国家重要人物、英雄和杰出人物也常选择在这里进行葬礼或纪念仪式。

教堂内的女王长廊是霍利罗德陵墓的所在地,这是英国历史上最重要的王室陵墓之一,其中安葬着伊丽莎白一世、玛丽一世等历代英国君主。

此外,威斯敏斯特大教堂还是英国议会的所在地,重要的国家仪式和重要议事活动都在这里举行。

威斯敏斯特大教堂还被认为是英国文化的象征。

多年来,许多重要的文化活动和艺术表演在教堂内举行,包括音乐会、戏剧演出和传统仪式等。

古老的教堂内流传着丰富的音乐遗产,建有威斯敏斯特修道院合唱团,该合唱团承担着演唱圣诗和宗教音乐的重要角色。

每年圣诞节期间,威斯敏斯特大教堂的音乐会和礼拜仪式吸引了大量的参观者和朝圣者。

此外,教堂的建筑风格和装饰艺术对于后来的建筑和艺术创作产生了深远的影响,成为了英国文化遗产的重要组成部分。

威斯敏斯特大教堂作为一座古老而庄严的宗教建筑,不仅是伦敦的地标之一,也是英国历史和文化的重要象征。

游客可以在这里感受到英国悠久的历史和文化底蕴,欣赏到古老的建筑艺术和宗教艺术之美。

站在教堂内部,仿佛可以与过去的时光产生共鸣,感受到历史的沉淀和文化的传承。

Westminster Abbey1 威斯敏斯特教堂

Westminster Abbey1 威斯敏斯特教堂

Westminster Abbey1 威斯敏斯特教堂作者:来源:《中学生英语·九年级》2020年第02期华中师范大学外国语学院张紫轩供稿Standing in the heart of London, Westminster Abbey is an important church of England and the resting place of many great people including Charles Darwin, Stephen William Hawking and so on. It has stood witness2 to the rise and decline3 of the nation and the changing course of arts and literature4.This present Gothic-style5 abbey began on the orders of Henry Ⅲ(1216-1272), who was a weak yet generous King (in building this abbey). Through the course of so many years, royals6 and builders have changed their names, which results in some fixing and repairing. When the days of Henry Ⅷ(1509-1547) was reaching its end, he took the Abbey over in 1534 and closed it in 1540. During that hard time,Westminster Abbey created an interesting expression “robbing Peter to pay Paul7”, when money for this abbey was used for another famous church—St Paul’s Cathedral. Later, it was under Elizabeth that Westminster finally played its present role: Collegiate8 Church of St Peter at Westminster under the leadership of a dean9, who is appointed10 by the king or queen directly.Walking into the abbey, more careful steps are suggested, because many great people of different kinds take their long sleep there, from Kings to famous poets. And no matter how grand the abbey is, its space is limited. People have to save the room for future newcomers. So some memorials11 are stone slabs12 set in the floor. If you don’t walk carefully, you may step on somememorials... And it happens, sometimes. It might sound a little terrible for those resting great people, but still, having a tiny space in this church would be the highest honor in England, as it reads on the memorial,“buried among kings”.In addition, as the living symbol of England, Westminster is the place where many important events take place, including royal weddings. If you want to get a quick look at the English history,why not go on a pleasure trip to Westminster Abbey? Then you may find yourself walking through arts, time and the changing history of England.威斯敏斯特大教堂坐落于倫敦市中心,是英国重要的教堂,也是查尔斯·达尔文、斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金等伟人的长眠之地。

威斯敏斯特教堂

威斯敏斯特教堂

历史渊源
威斯敏斯特的本义是西部大教堂的意思。由于这座教堂在伦敦城的威斯 敏斯特大教堂西部,便得此名。曾有过一座自东撒克逊王塞伯特在公元 7世纪建造后便长期矗立的教堂。威斯敏斯特教堂在伦敦威斯敏斯特教 堂的现址上,当时,它本应建在托尼岛。该岛已经消失,因为泰晤士河 道变窄后它与岸地融为一体。这座教堂的建立似乎是遵循圣伯多禄的指 教,据说他曾在首位主教梅里图斯领行的封圣典礼上现身。从巴耶彩图 (彩织广景壁画,生动详细地记录了11世纪诺曼征服者威廉侵占英格兰 的过程。传说为威廉王后玛蒂尔达亲织,画中共有1152人和72幕场景) 上看,这座老教堂建有中心塔楼、交成十字横线的两侧耳堂和铅板屋顶。 威斯敏斯特教堂是由“忏悔者”爱德华(1042—1066年在位,因病未 能参加威斯敏斯特教堂的封圣典礼。威斯敏斯特教堂既非大教区的主教 堂,也不是教区里的教堂,而是人们所知的王室专属的教堂,行使管理 的教长与其法规都要由王室决定。
威斯敏斯特宮钟塔
威斯敏斯特教堂侧门
威斯敏斯特教堂整体外观
主要由教堂及修道院两大部分组成。威斯敏斯特教堂教堂平面呈拉丁十字形, 主体部分长达156 米,本堂两边各有侧廊一道,上面设有宽敞的廊台。本堂宽 仅11.6 米,然而上部拱顶高达31 米,是英国哥特式拱顶高度之冠,故而本堂 总体显得比例狭高,巍峨挺拔。耳堂总长62 米,与本堂交会处的4 个柱墩尺 寸很大,用以承托上部穹顶。穹顶以西是歌唱班的席位,以东是祭坛。教堂西 部的双塔(l735~1740 年)高达68.6 米。平衡本堂拱顶水平推力的飞拱横跨 侧廊和修道院围廊,形成复杂的支撑体系。
威斯敏斯特教堂建筑特色
作为英国中世纪建筑的主要代表,威斯敏斯特教堂的建筑风格和特点,虽然在马拉松式的建造 年代中不断地推移变化,从诺曼式、哥特式,一直到早期文艺复兴的式样,不过它 的基本特色 仍属于哥特式,所以历经700 多年的修葺而犹能保持原貌,实在多亏了斯科特这样的建筑师。 教堂建筑为哥特式,数个由彩色玻璃嵌饰的尖顶并列在一起,显得别致动人。教堂中间还有一 处拥挤的墓场,埋葬有诸多伟大人物。由于人数众多,不得不将棺停竖起来埋放在地下。最终 还是无处插针,才开始将伟人们向圣保禄教堂转移。祭坛前面的尖背靠椅,是历代帝王在加冕 时坐的,据说那是700年前一直使用至今的古董。椅子坐板下有一块大石头,被称为“命运之 石”(Scone),它是爱德华一世在13世纪掠夺来的。原来是苏格兰王登基用的,据说现今苏格兰 人中,还有人发起要把这块石头取回去的运动。在最里面的亨利七世礼拜堂中,并排陈放着悲 剧性的女王玛丽,以及在伦敦塔惨遭杀害的年幼的爱德华五世及其胞弟的墓葬。威斯敏斯特教 堂威斯敏斯特的本义是西部大教堂的意思。由于这座教堂坐落在100年前伦敦的西部,便得此名。 早在8世纪这里便有教堂了,但只是在爱德华忏悔王建立起这座教堂之后,这一带才成为身份不 凡的地区。在这座教堂建成之后不过几日,忏悔王便死去了,也没有王位继承人。正当皇亲国 戚为此争吵不休之际,诺尔曼人威廉从法国而来,并一举压制、征服了英格兰。可是,怎样才 能向公众展示自己是爱德华王的正当继承者呢?最终他决定在爱德华王建造的这座教堂内举行 盛大的登基仪式。于是1066年,威廉在此登上了英国王位。从那以后,共有40位皇帝在此登基。

Westminster Abbey威思敏斯特教堂介绍

Westminster Abbey威思敏斯特教堂介绍

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诗人之角Poets’ Corner
诗人角,顾名思义就是诗人们聚集的角落。是的,迄今为止,这个角 落里已经安息了一百二十名英国历史上最有影响的艺术精英们的亡灵 。乔叟、莎士比亚、狄更斯等英国最伟大的头脑皆安葬于此。
乔 叟 的 石 棺
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诗人之角里长眠的不仅仅只有文学家,此外还有著名的政治家、军事 家、科学家如丘吉尔、克伦威尔、达尔文、牛顿等。 牛顿之墓,墓碑由威廉· 肯特设计,麦克尔· 赖斯布拉克雕做,所用材 料为灰白相间的理石。石棺上镶有图板,描绘的是一群男孩在使用牛 顿的数学仪器。石棺上方为牛顿斜卧姿态的塑像,他的右肘支靠处, 绘列着他为人熟知的几项创举。他的左手指向一幅由两个男孩持握的 卷轴,卷面展解着一项数学设计。背景雕塑是一个圆球,球上画有黄 道十二宫和相关星座,还描绘着出现于1680年那颗彗星的运行轨迹。
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外语学院
蒋军
“荣誉的宝塔尖”
基本简介 历史渊源 建筑风格 诗人之角
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基本简介
威斯敏斯特大教堂坐落在伦敦泰晤士河北岸,原是一座本笃会隐修院 ,始建于公元960 年,1045年进行了扩建,1065年建成,1220年至 1517年进行了重建。威斯敏斯特教堂在1540年英国国教与罗马教廷 决裂前,它一直是天主教本笃会即天主教的隐修院修会之一的教堂, 1540年之后,一直是伦敦的国家级圣公会教堂。
从 11 世纪胜利王威廉开始,除了爱德华五世和爱德华八世外,所有 英王都在此加冕登基,当今英女王伊丽莎白二世就是于1953 年6月在 威斯敏斯特大教堂里举行加冕典礼的。每当新国王加冕时,威斯敏斯 特大教堂布臵得焕然一新。各国代表、皇亲国戚上千人云集一堂,喇 叭齐鸣,圣诗班高唱圣诗。大主教将王冕戴在英王头上。

伦敦·威斯敏斯特宫

伦敦·威斯敏斯特宫

伦敦·威斯敏斯特宫作者:李宏明李承宇来源:《天天爱科学》2022年第08期曾称泰晤士河是“穿过英国历史的河流”。

大本钟是伦敦的地标性建筑之一。

值得一提的是,它并不是孤立存在的,而是威斯敏斯特宫的一部分。

威斯敏斯特宫(Palace of Westminster),又称议会大厦,坐落在泰晤士河北岸,紧邻威斯敏斯特教堂,距离唐宁街10号和特拉法加广场很近。

威斯敏斯特宫始建于1065年,最初是修道院,几经扩建,于1506年由伊丽莎白一世女王改建为威斯敏斯特宫。

1547年成为英国议会所在地。

它几经火灾,几次重建。

1834年的一场大火焚毁了大半原有建筑。

英国政府决定重新建造一座议会大厦,1840年动工,1857年完工,设计师为英国浪漫主义建筑家查尔斯·柏利。

威斯敏斯特宫是哥特复兴式建筑的代表作之一。

它外观雄伟,气势磅礴,珍藏着大量壁画、绘画、雕塑等艺术品,被誉为“幕后的艺术博物馆”,于1987年被列为世界文化遗产。

雄伟壮丽的威斯敏斯特宫呈长方形,占地3万平方米,由3排长达300米的平行大楼和7座横行连通的配楼组成。

建筑的顶部林立着针塔般的尖顶,外墙体装饰着镶有花边的尖拱窗、精美的浮雕和飞檐。

楼顶有几座比较突出的高塔。

东北角的方形尖塔是一座96米高的钟楼,塔顶上的那口大钟即为闻名全球的大本钟;西南角的维多利亚塔高102米;中间略矮的那座高塔,是中央大厅塔楼。

威斯敏斯特宫共四层。

第一层有办公室、餐厅和雅座间。

第二层是议会大厅,从南向北依次为皇家画廊(Royal Gallery)、王子厅(Prince's Chamber)、上议院(House ofLords)、贵族厅(Peers'Lobby)、中央大厅(Central Lobby)、议员堂(Members'Lobby)和下议院(House of Commons)。

第三层和第四层是办公室和委员房间。

威斯敏斯特宫有14个大厅和上千个房间,其中以“中央大厅”最为出名。

westminster abbey

westminster abbey

Westminster AbbeyFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, searchFor other uses, see Westminster Abbey (disambiguation).Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic, church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. The abbey is a Royal Peculiar and between 1540 and 1556 had the status of a cathedral; the building is no longer an abbey nor cathedral however, having instead the status since 1560 of a "Royal Peculiar" – a church responsible directly to the Sovereign.According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080, a church was founded at the site (then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)) in the 7th century, at the time of Mellitus (d. 624), a Bishop of London. Construction of the present church began in 1245, on the orders of Henry III.[3]Since 1066, when Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror were crowned, the coronations of English and British monarchs have been held here.[4][5] Since 1100, there have been at least 16 royal weddings at the abbey. Two were of reigning monarchs (Henry I and Richard II), although before 1919 there had been none for some 500 years.[6]The first reports of the abbey are based on a late tradition claiming that a young fisherman called Aldrich on the River Thames saw a vision of Saint Peter near the site. This seems to be quoted to justify the gifts of salmon from Thames fishermen that the Abbey received in later years. In the present era, the Fishmonger's Company still gives a salmon every year. The proven origins are that in the 960s or early 970s, Saint Dunstan, assisted by King Edgar, installed a community of Benedictine monks here.1042: Edward the Confessor starts rebuilding St. Peter'sAbbey[edit]/wiki/File:BayeuxTapestryScene26.jpgSt Peter's Abbey at the time of Edward's funeral, depicted in the Bayeux TapestryBetween 1042 and 1052 King Edward the Confessor began rebuilding St Peter's Abbey to provide himself with a royal burial church. It was the first church in England built in the Norman Romanesque style. It was not completed until around 1090 but was consecrated on 28 December 1065, only a week before Edward's death on 5 January 1066.[7] A week later he was buried in the church, and nine years later his wife Edith was buried alongside him.[8] His successor, Harold II, was probably crowned in the abbey, although the first documented coronation is that of William the Conqueror later the same year.[9]The only extant depiction of Edward's abbey, together with the adjacent Palace of Westminster, is in the Bayeux Tapestry. Some of the lower parts of the monastic dormitory, an extension of the South Transept, survive in the Norman Undercroft of the Great School, including a door said to come from the previous Saxon abbey. Increased endowments supported a community increased from a dozen monks in Dunstan's original foundation, up to a maximum about eighty monks,[10] although there was also a large community of lay brothers who supported the monastery's extensive property and activities.Construction of the present church[edit]Construction of the present church was begun in 1245 by Henry III[3] who selected the site for his burial./wiki/File:London_westminster_1894.jpgA layout plan dated 1894./wiki/File:WestminsterNorth55.jpgThe North Entrance of Westminster Abbey.The abbot and monks, in proximity to the royal Palace of Westminster, the seat of government from the later 12th century, became a powerful force in the centuries after the Norman Conquest. The abbot often was employed on royal service and in due course took his place in the House of Lords as of right. Released from the burdens of spiritual leadership, which passed to the reformed Cluniac movement after the mid-10th century, and occupied with the administration of great landed properties, some of which lay far from Westminster, "the Benedictines achieved a remarkable degree of identification with the secular life of their times, and particularly with upper-class life", Barbara Harvey concludes, to the extent that her depiction of daily life[11] provides a wider view of the concerns of the English gentry in the High and Late Middle Ages.The proximity of the Palace of Westminster did not extend to providing monks or abbots with high royal connections; in social origin the Benedictines of Westminster were as modest as most of the order. The abbot remained Lord of the Manor of Westminster as a town of two to three thousand persons grew around it: as a consumer and employer on a grand scale the monastery helped fuel the town economy, and relations with the town remained unusually cordial, but no enfranchising charter was issued during the Middle Ages.[12] The Abbey built shops and dwellings on the west side, encroaching upon the sanctuary.The abbey became the coronation site of Norman kings. None were buried there until Henry III, intensely devoted to the cult of the Confessor, rebuilt the abbey inAnglo-French Gothic style as a shrine to venerate King Edward the Confessor and as a suitably regal setting for Henry's own tomb, under the highest Gothic nave in England. The Confessor's shrine subsequently played a great part in his canonisation. The work continued between 1245 and 1517 and was largely finished by the architect Henry Yevele in the reign of Richard II. Henry III also commissioned unique Cosmati pavement in front of the High Altar (the pavement has recently undergone a major cleaning and conservation programme and was re-dedicated by the Dean at a service on 21 May 2010).[13]Henry VII added a Perpendicular style chapel dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary in 1503 (known as the Henry VII Chapel). Much of the stone came from Caen, in France (Caen stone), the Isle of Portland (Portland stone) and the Loire Valley region of France (tuffeau limestone).1500s and 1600s: dissolution and restoration[edit]In 1535, the abbey's annual income of £2400–2800[citation needed] (£1,280,000 to £1,490,000 as of 2014),[14] during the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries rendered it second in wealth only to Glastonbury Abbey.1540–1550: 10 years as a cathedral[edit]Henry VIII assumed direct royal control in 1539 and granted the abbey the status of a cathedral by charter in 1540, simultaneously issuing letters patent establishing the Diocese of Westminster. By granting the abbey cathedral status Henry VIII gained an excuse to spare it from the destruction or dissolution which he inflicted on most English abbeys during this period.After 1550: difficult times[edit]Westminster diocese was dissolved in 1550, but the abbey was recognised (in 1552, retroactively to 1550) as a second cathedral of the Diocese of London until1556.[15][16][17] The already-old expression "robbing Peter to pay Paul" may have been given a new lease of life when money meant for the abbey, which is dedicated to Saint Peter, was diverted to the treasury of St Paul's Cathedral./wiki/File:Westminster_Abbey_Interior.jpgThe Nave of Westminster Abbey.The Abbey was restored to the Benedictines under the Catholic Mary I of England, but they were again ejected under Elizabeth I in 1559. In 1560, Elizabeth re-established Westminster as a "Royal Peculiar" – a church responsible directly to the Sovereign, rather than to a diocesan bishop – and made it the Collegiate Church of St Peter (that is, a church with an attached chapter of canons, headed by a dean.) The last of Mary's abbots was made the first dean.It suffered damage during the turbulent 1640s, when it was attacked by Puritan iconoclasts, but was again protected by its close ties to the state during the Commonwealth period. Oliver Cromwell was given an elaborate funeral there in 1658, only to be disinterred in January 1661 and posthumously hanged from a gibbet at Tyburn.1722–1745: western towers constructed[edit]The Abbey's two western towers were built between 1722 and 1745 by Nicholas Hawksmoor, constructed from Portland stone to an early example of a Gothic Revival design. Purbeck marble was used for the walls and the floors of Westminster Abbey, even though the various tombstones are made of different types of marble. Further rebuilding and restoration occurred in the 19th century under Sir George Gilbert Scott.A narthex (a portico or entrance hall) for the west front was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens in the mid-20th century but was not built. Images of the Abbey prior to the construction of the towers are scarce, though the Abbey's official website states that the building was without towers following Yevele's renovation, with just the lower segments beneath the roof level of the Nave completed.Until the 19th century, Westminster was the third seat of learning in England, after Oxford and Cambridge. It was here that the first third of the King James Bible Old Testament and the last half of the New Testament were translated. The New English Bible was also put together here in the 20th century. Westminster suffered minor damage during the Blitz on 15 November 1940.In the 1990s two icons by the Russian icon painter Sergei Fyodorov were hung in the Abbey.[18] On 6 September 1997 the funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, was held at theAbbey. On 17 September 2010 Pope Benedict XVI became the first pope to set foot in the Abbey.[19]威斯敏斯特圣彼得牧师团教堂(The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster),通称威斯敏斯特修道院(Westminster Abbey,意译为西敏寺),是一座位于伦敦市中心威斯敏斯特市区的大型哥特式建筑风格的教堂,一直是英国君主(从英格兰、不列颠到英联邦时期)安葬或加冕登基的地点。

威斯敏斯特教堂

威斯敏斯特教堂

威斯敏斯特教堂威斯敏斯特大教堂坐落在伦敦泰晤士河北岸,原是一座天主教本笃会隐修院,始建于公元960 年,1045年进行了扩建,1065年建成,1220年至1517年进行了重建。

威斯敏斯特教堂在1540年英王创建圣公会之前,它一直是天主教本笃会(天主教的隐修院修会之一)教堂。

1540年之后,成为圣公会教堂。

威斯敏斯特的本义是西部大教堂的意思。

由于这座教堂在伦敦城的威斯敏斯特大教堂威斯敏斯特大教堂西部,便得此名。

曾有过一座自东撒克逊王塞伯特在公元7世纪建造后便长期矗立的教堂。

威斯敏斯特教堂在伦敦威斯敏斯特教堂的现址上,当时,它本应建在托尼岛。

该岛已经消失,因为泰晤士河道变窄后它与岸地融为一体。

这座教堂的建立似乎是遵循圣伯多禄的指教,据说他曾在首位主教梅里图斯领行的封圣典礼上现身。

从巴耶彩图(彩织广景壁画,生动详细地记录了11世纪诺曼征服者威廉侵占英格兰的过程。

传说为威廉王后玛蒂尔达亲织,画中共有1152人和72幕场景)上看,这座老教堂建有中心塔楼、交成十字横线的两侧耳堂和铅板屋顶。

威斯敏斯特教堂是由“忏悔者”爱德华(1042—1066年在位,因病未能参加威斯敏斯特教堂的封圣典礼。

王后之兄哈罗德二世,成为末代撒克逊族英王。

)扩建,并于1065年被封圣。

亨利三世为了纪念爱德华,发誓建立一座哥特式更加威严的教堂,致使原来的结构所剩无几。

威斯敏斯特教堂从13世纪到16世纪,英格兰的国王们个个为其设计献力,结果把它弄成了各种风格的大杂烩。

如此观察,它与今日的英国王室倒是相配——他们也是出自大量不同的祖源,而长久以来都将威斯敏斯特教堂作为“教区本堂”来举办婚丧仪式和加冕典礼。

威斯敏斯特教堂既非大教区的主教堂,也不是教区里的教堂,而是人们所知的王室专属的教堂,行使管理的教长与其法规都要由王室决定。

虽说平面图上标明入口在堂前左侧,实际上它设在了教堂侧面的北耳堂。

英王“忏悔者”爱德华应教宗利奥九世之请求,将威斯敏斯特教堂敬献于圣伯多禄。

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诗人之角Poets' Corner
? 诗人角,顾名思义就是诗人们聚集的角落。是的,迄今为止,这个角 落里已经安息了一百二十名英国历史上最有影响的艺术精英们的亡灵 。乔叟、莎士比亚、狄更斯等英国最伟大的头脑皆安葬于此。
乔 叟 的 石 棺
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? 诗人之角里长眠的不仅仅只有文学家,此外还有著名的政治家、军事 家、科学家如丘吉尔、克伦威尔、达尔文、牛顿等。
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建筑风格
? 堂主体部分长达156米,宽22米。本堂两边各有一道侧廊,上面设有 宽敞的廊台。本堂宽11.6米,上部拱顶高达31米,是英国最高的哥特 式拱顶,这样的结构显得本堂比例狭高颀长,巍峨挺拔。耳堂总长为 62米,与本堂交会处有4个尺寸很大的柱墩,用以承托上部穹顶。穹 顶以西是唱诗班的席位,以东是祭坛。而钟楼高达68.5米,高耸壮丽 。整个建筑古典庄严,高大古朴,弓形的石雕精美细致,挺拔的立柱 直指苍穹。教堂最上端林立着由彩色玻璃嵌饰的尖顶,巍峨地冲向天 际,如雕似刻,精巧绝伦。抬头仰望会有一种天堂般高远莫测的玄妙 和神秘感。教堂四周高处的窗户都是用五颜六色的彩色玻璃装饰而成 ,它们使以灰色为主调的教堂在庄严中增加了几分典雅和华丽的情调 。威斯敏斯特的柱廊恢弘凝重,拱门镂刻优美,屏饰装潢精致,玻璃 色彩绚丽,双塔嵯峨高耸,整座建筑既金碧辉煌,又静谧肃穆,其精 美豪华、富丽堂皇为英国教堂之冠,不愧是英国哥特式建筑中的杰作 。
? 牛顿之墓,墓碑由威廉·肯特设计,麦克尔·赖斯布拉克雕做,所用材 料为灰白相间的理石。石棺上镶有图板,描绘的是一群男孩在使用牛 顿的数学仪器。石棺上方为牛顿斜卧姿态的塑像,他的右肘支靠处, 绘列着他为人熟知的几项创举。他的左手指向一幅由两个男孩持握的 卷轴,卷面展解着一项数学设计。背景雕塑是一个圆球,球上画有黄 道十二宫和相关星座,还描绘着出现于1680年那颗彗星的运行轨迹。
? 从 11 世纪胜利王威廉开始,除了爱德华五世和爱德华八世外,所有 英王都在此加冕登基,当今英女王伊丽莎白二世就是于1953 年6月在 威斯敏斯特大教堂里举行加冕典礼的。每当新国王加冕时,威斯敏斯 特大教堂布置得焕然一新。各国代表、皇亲国戚上千人云集一堂,喇 叭齐鸣,圣诗班高唱圣诗。大主教将王冕戴在英王头上。
? But it, too, seemed immovable. ? As I grew into my twilight years, in one for changing only my family, those closest to me, but alas, they would have none of it. ? And now as I lie on my deathbed, I suddenly realize: If I had only changed my self first, then by example I would have changed my family. ? From their inspiration and encouragement, I would then have been able to better my country and, who knows, I may have even changed the world.
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基本简介
? 教堂平面呈拉丁十字形,全长156米,宽22 米,大穹窿顶高31 米, 钟楼高68.5 米,整座建筑既金碧辉煌,又静谧肃穆,被认为是英国哥 特式建筑的杰作。 威斯敏斯特大教堂既是英国国教的礼拜堂,又是 历代国王举行加冕典礼、王室成员举行婚礼的大礼堂,还是一个国葬 陵墓。
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历史渊源
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历史渊源
玫永 瑰远
的 英 伦
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建筑风格
? 威斯敏斯特教堂全系石造,主要由教堂及修道院两大部分组成。由圣 殿、翼廊、钟楼等堂组成。进入教堂的拱门圆顶,走过庄严却有些灰 暗的通道,眼前豁然一亮,进入到豪华绚丽的内厅。教堂内宽阔高远 构造复杂的穹顶被装点得美轮美奂,由穹顶挂下来的大吊灯华丽璀璨 ,流光溢彩。地上铺的是华贵富丽的红毯,一直通向铺着鲜艳的红色 丝绒、装饰得金碧辉煌的祭坛,这就是举行王室加冕礼和皇家婚礼的 正地。祭坛后是一座高达3层的豪华坟墓——爱德华之墓。祭坛前面 有一座尖青靠椅,这是历代帝王在加冕时坐的宝座,据说是件有700 多年历史的、一直使用至今的古董。宝座下面摆放着一块来自苏格兰 的被称作“斯库恩”的圣石。宝座和圣石都是英国的镇国之宝。
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外语学院 蒋军
?基本简介 ?历史渊源 ?建筑风格 ?诗人之角
“荣誉的宝塔尖”
Page 2
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基本简介
? 威斯敏斯特大教堂坐落在伦敦泰晤士河北岸,原是一座本笃会隐修院 ,始建于公元960 年,1045年进行了扩建,1065年建成,1220年至 1517年进行了重建。威斯敏斯特教堂在1540年英国国教与罗马教廷 决裂前,它一直是天主教本笃会即天主教的隐修院修会之一的教堂, 1540年之后,一直是伦敦的国家级圣公会教堂。
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? “当我年轻的时候,我梦想改变这个世界;当我成熟以后,我发现我 不能够改变这个世界,我将目光缩短了些,决定只改变我的国家;当 我进入暮年以后,我发现我不能够改变我们的国家,我的最后愿望仅 仅是改变一下我的家庭,但是,这也不可能。当我现在躺在床上,行 将就木时,我突然意识到:如果一开始我仅仅去改变我自己,然后, 我可能改变我的家庭;在家人的帮助和鼓励下,我可能为国家做一些 事情;然后,谁知道呢?我甚至可能改变这个世界。”
改变自己、实现梦想、拥抱世界
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? 据说,在威斯敏斯特教堂旁边,矗立着一块墓碑,上面刻着一段非常 著名的话:
? When I was young and free and my imagination had no limits, I dreamed of changing the world. As i grew older and wiser, I discovered the world would not change,so I shortened my sights somewhat and decided to change only my country.
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历史渊源
? 除了英国皇室的加冕典礼,皇室的婚礼也经常在这里举行。在2019年 4月29日,英国时间11时(北京时间14时)迎来威廉王子与凯特·米德 尔顿的世纪婚礼。
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历史渊源
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历史渊源
? 威斯敏斯特大教堂还是英国皇室成员的安息之地。威廉王子的母亲, 前英国王妃戴安娜安葬于此。威斯敏斯特教堂忠实地记录了英国皇族 兴衰史。
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