贸大翻硕考研-2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研外销员考试外贸英语试题,考研参考书,考研真题6
1999年外销员考试外贸英语试题及答案CIPIMFCustoms InvoiceCounter SampleVoyage CharterGross for NetRepayment GuaranteeOptional portFutures Trading1、银行汇票2、互购3、外汇储备4、知识产权5、备用信用证1.We should be pleased to send you a sample____our own expense.A.atB.inC.againstD.of2.Good harvest____this year has made it possible for us to supply walnuts last year’s prices.A.atB.inC.againstD.on3.Any alteration in design would mean re-setting our machines,and the cost of this would be prohibitive____you could place an order for more than5,000.A.untilB.withC.unlessD.when4.After studying our prices and our liberal terms,you will understand why we are working____capacity to meet the demandA.onB.toC.forD.of5.Thank you for your remittance of US$2,150.00____the70%freight due under Invoice No.22B/96.A.of payingB.pay forC.for payment forD.in payment of6.It will be appreciated____you could effect shipment in two equal lots by direct steamer____you receive our L/C.A.when,whenB.if,as soon asC.when,whichD.will,soon7."Virtual shops"may lack see-and-feel sampling,the phenomenal growth of catalogue shopping,TV-and-phone marketing and phone-banking in recent years is proof that see-and-feel is not the only way to sell.A.WhileB.If thatC.WhenD.Which8.The goods were examined by a public surveyor upon arrival at your port,____we cannot but accept your claims as tendered.A.IfB.DespiteC.ThoughD.Since9.The discount of5%agreed on was granted only____no balance was outstandingfrom previous account.A.on conditionB.on condition thatC.thatD.depends on10.We can assure you that these suitings are very popular in the Far-East Markets,____we have had some experience.A.whichB.thatC.of whichD.of that11.In connection with your invitation____for Bid No.0082/95CH dated May30,1996,the____would like to participate in the bid for the supply of Equipment Item No.0302and the Qualifications Documents as required.A.undersign,submitB.undersigning,submittingC.undersingned,submitD.undersigned,submitted12.We are confident that the package of our products will____the roughest handlingin transit.A.stand upB.stand toC.suffer fromD.stand13.We regret having received your offer too late,because we____our needs elsewhere.A.already coverB.already coveredC.have already coverD.had already covered14.In mass media,big advertising dollar rules.But by doing business on the Net,a small firm might____just as effectively through search engines.A.get itself knowB.get himself knowC.get itself knownD.get known himself15.Please check the enclosed fax opening the credit to ensure that it____your instructions.A.agreesB.agrees toC.agrees withD.agrees upon16.Your L/C calls for an insurance amount for130%of the invoice value.____We would request you to amend the insurance clause.A.The Case Being itB.The case is like thisC.Such being the caseD.Such is the case17.We are not in a position to offer firm,as the goods are____.A.out of stockB.outside in stockC.without stockD.no stock18.We are of course___the period for completion of your project has already been exceeded.A.know itB.aware thatC.to know ofD.be sure that19.We confirm____accepted your counter proposal yesterday.A.haveB.havingC.to haveD.has been20.Since the premium varies with the extent of insurance,extra premium is for buyer’s account,additional risks____be covereD.A.ifB.asC.mustD.should21.This agreement may be____six months before its expiry.A.expandedB.renewedC.postponedD.prolonged22.The bank on the buyer’s side in collection arrangement is the____.A.remitting bankB.collecting bankC.opening bankD.notifying bank23.Which of the four choices is NOT an appropriate response to the following sentence:"Do you mind opening the windows?"____.A.Surely notB.Not at allC.That’s all rightD.No,of course not24.The purpose of a promotion letter is to____the prospective buyer’s interest.A.attractB.arouseC.attendD.alter25.When you___an agent,the appointment is usually____in writing.A.need,metB.want,takeC.appoint,made.D.require,makeTranslate the following letter into English in a proper form:纽约ABC贸易有限公司敬启者：你方3月21日来函收到，从中我们遗憾地得悉你方认为我124号货定价偏高。
2016年对外经济贸易大学英语翻译硕士MTI考研真题及答案——英语翻译基础【精选】
词汇翻译（30分）英译汉：从10个terms 里面挑5个translate and define them briefly in Chinese (共15分，一个3分）1 added value tax增值税增值税是以商品（含应税劳务）在流转过程中产生的增值额作为计税依据而征收的一种流转税。
从计税原理上说，增值税是对商品生产、流通、劳务服务中多个环节的新增价值或商品的附加值征收的一种流转税。
实行价外税，也就是由消费者负担，有增值才征税没增值不征税。
2 annual financial report年度财务报告年度财务报告是指年度终了对外提供的财务报告。
通常将半年度，季度和月度财务报告统称为中期财务会计报告。
年度财务报告作为综合反映企业单位年末财务状况、全年经营成果和现金流量的报告，在沟通企业单位管理层与财务会计报告使用者之间起着十分重要的桥梁作用。
3 bull market牛市，旺市；多头市场。
牛市，旺市指交易旺盛的市场形势，和"淡市'相对。
多头市场又称买空市场，是指股价的基本趋势持续上升时形成的投机者不断买进证券，需求大于供给的市场现象。
4 11 2016284 law of diminishing marginal returns 边际收益递减规律又称边际效益递减规律，或边际产量递减规律，指在短期生产过程中，在其他条件不变（如技术水平不变）的前提下，增加某种生产要素的投入，当该生产要素投入数量增加到一定程度以后，增加一单位该要素所带来的效益增加量是递减的，边际收益递减规律是以技术水平和其他生产要素的投入数量保持不变为条件的条件下进行讨论的一种规律。
5 angel investment天使投资是权益资本投资的一种形式，是指富有的个人出资协助具有专门技术或独特概念的原创项目或小型初创企业，进行一次性的前期投资。
它是风险投资的一种形式，在根据天使投资人的投资数量以及对被投资企业可能提供的综合资源进行投资。
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研阅读题源,考研真题15
阅读题源速读测试：在中国“瘦身”的奥利奥数据表明，在庆祝100周年的声光魅影以后，奥利奥饼干的中国市场份额缩小了三分之一，从2012年的近9%下降至现在的6%。
这是一则中国新式消费的寓言：更挑剔、更多变——获利空间可能也更小。
测试中可能遇到的词汇和知识：skyscrapers摩天大楼ubiquitous无所不在的Euromonitor欧睿(公司名)Mainlanders大陆人A parable of Oreos and ovens（716words）By Patti Waldmeir in Shanghai------------------------------------------------------Three scant years ago,Shanghai celebrated the100th birthday of one of history’s most famous junk foods—the Oreo biscuit —with fireworks on the Bund and multi-storey neon adverts projected on to skyscrapers.But now China has put Oreo on a diet.资料来源：育明考研考博官网This is a country where,within living memory,millions starved to death.People will,to this day,tell you how they ate roots or shoots or even dirt to stay alive.Little wonder the Chinese market was a pushover for the ubiquitousblack-and-white sandwich cookie.Foreign treats were seen as healthier than local snacks, because they were imported from places that did not have such a vigorous tradition of poisoning residents with tainted ingredients,as was the fad in China.When I moved here in 2008,it took a while to get used to the notion that McDonald’s was a healthy option,purely because it was less likely to be toxic.Here,when mainlanders tell you something is“healthy”, they often mean that it won’t be immediately fatal.But in the past few years,China has begun to discover that heavy metals are not the only things to avoid in snack foods. There is that small matter of fat and sugar,st week, Chinese media carried stories saying that Mondelez,the maker of Oreo,was shutting down some Shanghai production because people were going right off biscuits.The US company 资料来源：育明考研考博官网waffled a bit about“optimising our supply chain”and shifting production elsewhere,but the company had made clear in the past that Oreo was in trouble in China.Figures from Euromonitor show that,since the sound and light of its centenary celebration,the biscuit has lost one-third of its market share in China,from nearly9per cent of the market in 2012to6per cent now.So that is how Oreo ended up watching its waistline:Mondelez introduced a new“Oreo Thin”,just to woo Chinese consumers, and it did so well that they last month announced that Americans will be able to opt for the skinnier cousin too.All because of a revolution in eating habits that took decades in the west—and only a handful of years in China.That’s not Oreo’s only problem:many of the world’s most successful brands made it to China early and had a long run almost unrivalled,but are losing their first-mover advantage. (KFC has that problem too,compounded by a spot of bad publicity on the food quality front.)资料来源：育明考研考博官网Meanwhile,mainlanders have developed one of the most fickle palates on earth:Americans may want the same cookie Mum gave them with their milk after school;but Chinese want something new every day.Local companies are often nimbler than multinationals at introducing green tea or purple sweet potato alternatives to traditional flavours.And cookie companies are facing competition from an even more unlikely source:home bakers.When I moved here,ovens were rare in normal homes:I figured that was why mine didn’t work too well.But now many a Chinese bride insists on having one.Sales of the countertop ovens preferred on the mainland have more than quadrupled since I started wielding a flour sifter on Chinese shores,and a318-pieceeverything-you-could-ever-need baking set can be had on Alibaba’s Taobao for only137devalued renminbi.For,given that the vast majority of Chinese under30have never known an hour of hunger in their lives,let alone survived on roots and shoots,just filling the tummy is no longer the point.They cook for fun—and for health reasons,资料来源：育明考研考博官网says Qian Zhaoli,a27-year-old marketing manager inShanghai.She’s started baking her own rusks because her first child is teething.“I wanted her to have the healthiest ones,without any additives,”she says,adding that shop-boughtrusks have such a long shelf life,and“who knows how many artificial colours and preservatives they contain?”Plus,western-style baking is far easier than cooking any of China’s complicated cuisines,she says,noting that in Shanghai most cooking is done by men.This is not just a tale of Oreos and ovens.It is a parable for a new type of Chinese consumption:more finicky,more fickle—potentially less profitable.Anyone selling almost anythinghere should watch it closely.May the best rolling pin win.What is the author's attitude about Oreo?∙Healthy∙yucky∙bad for health∙good for teethWhat is the meaning of“healthy”by mainlanders about food?∙it won’t be immediately fatal资料来源：育明考研考博官网∙little fat and sugar∙it is non-toxic∙all of non-gm ingredientsWhere is production closed by Mondelez,the maker of Oreo?∙Guangzhou∙Beijing∙Chengdu∙ShanghaiWho is the competition from an even more unlikely source for cookie companies?∙Cake shop∙Supermarket∙Home oven∙Male chef在中国“瘦身”的奥利奥解析C第一段作者说奥利奥是junk foods之一，所以应该是对健康无益的食物。
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题,报录比
16年考研详解与指导风俗习惯30■媒人的最早产生，大约在（周代）。
31■嫁娶六礼：纳采、问名、纳吉、纳征、请期、亲迎。
32.转房婚：形式主要是兄死，弟以嫂为妻；姐死，妹代姐为妻；父死，子以异母为妻。
在西南地区和东北地区的一些少数民族曾较长时间的流行过。
33■阿注婚：流行于云南的一支纳西族和一支普米族。
“阿注”是纳西语，意为“伴侣、朋友”。
只要不是同一母系血统的成员及其后裔，都可以互为阿注。
他们之间的性关系非常自由，到晩上，男阿注就到女阿注的专用放里过夜，天明赶回家去劳动，这种阿注关系时间可长可短，每人除一个长期阿注以外，还有许多临时阿注。
所生子女不知其父，都归母家。
34■抢夺婚：云南地区的景颇族、傣族、苗族欧曾实行过强夺婚，是男子通过强夺手段与女子成婚。
是一种民俗，民间的“抢夺婚”其实只是一种形式，在此之前，双方早已换过婚礼，选定成亲日子，但在迎亲那天，男方还是要组织一帮人，隐蔽在约定的地点，等新娘一到，一拥而上，捆绑回家，新娘则大呼救命，女方家人假追一通。
35■(父权）制度确立后，形成了_夫_妻制。
36■据《墨子》《荀子》记载，我国在（先秦）时代就有了火葬。
37■石棺葬：就是用石板或石块构筑成长方形的棺材，置于地面，即为墓地。
地区主要集中在东北的松花江流域、四川西部的岷江和金沙江流域以及云南境内的一些地方。
时间跨度起于商周，盛行于战国到两汶，延续到明代。
据近年来的学术研究，石棺葬起源于古人对石的崇拜。
38■悬棺葬：就是把棺木高悬于崖壁的木粧上或洞穴里。
这种悬棺葬在福建省武夷山、江西、四川等地都有发现，其中武夷山的悬棺已有3800年之久。
这些悬棺离地面有的几十米，有的上百米。
悬棺形似小船。
据认为，采用这一葬法的少数民族，迷信灵魂升天，认为把棺木放得越高，灵魂就越容易升天。
39■考古发掘最早的龙形在（河南省濮阳市仰韶文化遗址）。
40■龙与皇帝合而为_，始于（汶高祖刘邦）。
41■龟龙：比喻人中英杰。
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研参考书,考研真题
外销员考试常考术语和缩写一、国际货物买卖适用的法律与惯例INCOTERMS2002，International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》URC522，Uniform Rules for Collection《托收统一规则522》UCP500，Uniform Customs and Practice for Commercial Documentary Credits500《跟单信用证统一惯例》Warsaw-Oxford Rules1932《1932年华沙一牛津规则》Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions1941《1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本》二、价格术语EXW(ex works)工厂交货FCA(free carrier)货交承运人FAS(free alongside ship)装运港船边交货FOB(free on board)装运港船上交货CFR(cost and freight)成本加运费CIF(cost，insurance and freight)成本加保险费、运费CPT(carriage paid to)运费付至CIP(carriage and insurance to)运费、保险费付至DAF(delivered at frontier)边境交货DES(delivered ex ship)目的港船上交货DEQ(delivered ex quay)目的港码头交货DDU(delivered duty unpaid)未完税交货DDP(delivered duty paid)完税后交货FOB liner terms FOB班轮条件FOB under tackle FOB吊钩下交货FOB stowed FOB理舱费在内FOB trimmed FOB平舱费在内FOBST(FOB stowed and trimmed)FOB包括理舱费和平舱费在内的各项装船费用CFR liner terms CFR班轮条件CFR landed CFR卸至码头CFR ex tackle CFR吊钩下交货CFR ex ship's hold CFR舱底交货CIF liner terms CIF班轮条件CIF landed CIF卸至码头CIF ex tackle CIF吊钩下交货CIF ex ship's hold CIF舱底交货the seller's obligations卖方义务三、货物的品名、质量、数量与包装name of commodity品名quality0f goods品质condition合同要件actual quality实际品质sample样品sale by sample凭样品买卖quality as per seller's sample品质以卖方样品为准buyer's sample买方样品counter sample对等样品confirming sample确认样品for reference only仅供参考colour sample色样pattern sample款式样quality shall be about equal to the sample品质与样品大致相同quality shall be nearly same as the sample品质与样品近似specification of goods商品规格sale by specification凭规格买卖FAQ，fair average quality良好平均品质sale by descriptions and illustrations凭说明书和图样买卖trade mark商标sophisticated market精致市场name of origin产地名称quality tolerance品质公差weigh重量metric ton公吨long ton长吨short ton短吨kilogram公斤gram克ounce盎司number数量piece件pair双set套dozen打roll卷ream令gross罗bag袋bale包length长度meter米foot英尺yard码area面积square foot平方英尺volume体积cubic yard立方码capacity容积bushel蒲式耳litre升gallon加仑the metric system公制the british system英制the U.S.system美制SI，the international system of units国际单位制gross weight毛重net weight净重gross for net以毛作净actual tare实际皮重real tare实际皮重average tare平均皮重customary tare习惯皮重computed tare约定皮重conditioned weight公量theoretical weight理论重量legal weight法定重量net net weight实物净重about大约circa近似approximate左右nude pack裸装in bulk散装full packed全部包装part packed局部包装shipping mark运输标志，唛头indicative mark指示性标志warning mark警告性标志UCC，Universal Code Council统一编码委员会UPC，Universal Product Code统一产品编码European Article Number Association欧洲物品编码协会EAN，European Article Number欧洲物品编码neutral pacing中性包装seaworthy packing海运包装inquiry询盘offer发盘counter offer还盘acceptance接受IGO inter-government organization政府间国际组织NGO non-government organization非政府间国际组织ICS international chamber shipping国际航运公会BIMCO Baltic and international maritime council波罗的海国际海事协会CMI committee maritime international国际海事委员会IMO international maritime organization国际海事组织LNG liquified natural gas液化天然气LPG liquified petroleum gas液化石油气SF stowage factor货物积载因数IMDG Code international maritime dangerous goods code国际海运危险货物规则ISO international standard organization国际标准化组织SOC shipper's own container货主箱COC carrier's own container船公司箱TEU twenty-foot equivalent units计算单位,也称20英尺换算单位FCL full container load整箱货LCL less container load拼箱货CY container yard集装箱堆场CFS container freight station集装箱货运站DOOR货主工厂或仓库DPP damage protection plan损害修理条款SC service contract服务合同B/N booking note托运单S/O shipping order装货单，也称下货纸、关单M/R mate's receipt收货单，也称大副收据M/F manifest载货清单，也称舱单S/P stowage plan货物积载图，也称船图、舱图D/O delivery order提货单，也称小提单MSDS maritime shipping document of safety危险货物安全资料卡D/R dock's receipt场站收据EIR(E/R)equipment interchange receipt设备交接单CLP container load plan集装箱装箱单SOF statement of facts装卸事实记录B/L bill of lading提单HB/L house bill of lading代理行提单，或称子提单、分提单、货代提单、无船承运人提单、仓至仓提单等Sea B/L(Master B/L,Ocean B/L,Memo B/L)海运提单，或称母提单、主提单、船公司提单、备忘提单等On board B/L,Shipped B/L已装船提单Received for Shipment B/L收货待运提单Straight B/L记名提单Open B/L(Blank B/L,Bearer B/L)不记名提单Order B/L指示提单Clean B/L清洁提单Foul B/L(Unclean B/L)不清洁提单Direct B/L直达提单Transshipment B/L转船提单Through B/L联运提单Combined Transport B/L(Intermodal Transport B/L,Multimodal Transport B/L)多式联运提单Minimum B/L最低运费提单，也称起码提单Advanced B/L预借提单Anti-dated B/L倒签提单Stale B/L过期提单On Deck B/L甲板货提单过期Switch B/L转换提单NVOCC non-vessel operations common carrier无船公共承运人或无船承运人《Hague Rules》《海牙规则》，正式名称为《统一关于提单若干法律规定的国际公约》《Visby Rules》《维斯比规则》，正式名称为《关于修订统一提单若干法律规定的国际公约》《Hamburg Rules》《汉堡规则》，正式名称为《1978年联合国海上货物运输公约》SDR special drawing rights特别提款权LOI letter of indemnity保函，也称损害赔偿保证书SLAC shipper's load and count货主装载、计数SLACS shipper's load,count and seal货主装载、计数和加封STC said to contain内容据称SWB seaway bill海运单V/C voyage charter航次租船，简称程租T/C time charter定期租船，简称期租TCT time charter on trip basis航次期租COA contract of affreightment包运租船，简称包船C/P charter party租船合同F/N fixture note确认备忘录，也称订租确认书GENCON"金康"合同，全称为BIMCO统一杂货租船合同NYPE Form"土产格式"，全称美国纽约土产品交易定期租船合同BALTIME"波尔的姆格式"，全称为BIMCO标准定期租船合同BARECON'A'标准光船租船合同A格式SINO TIME中租期租合同DWT dead weight tonnage载重吨GRT gross registered tonnage总登记吨，简称总吨NRT net registered tonnage净登记吨，简称净吨LOA length over all船舶总长度BM beam船宽MT metric tons公吨（1000千克）LAYCAN layday/canceling date受载期与解约日LINER TERMS班轮条款，即船方负担装卸费BERTH TERMS泊位条款，即船方负担装卸费GROSS TERMS总承兑条款，即船方负担装卸费FAS free alongside ship船边交接货条款，即船方负担装卸费FI free in船方不负担装货费FO free out船方不负担卸货费FILO free in,liner out船方不负担装货费但负担卸货费LIFO liner in,free out船方不负担卸货费但负担装货费FIO free in and out船方不负担装卸费FIOST free in and out,stowed and trimmed船方不负担装卸费、平舱费和堆舱费2015年8月资料来源：育明考研考博官网。
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研阅读题,考研真题13
阅读题源被LED灯吸引的工业巨头LED（Light Emitting Diode）是发光二极管的简称。
目前LED的应用包括汽车信号灯、交通信号灯、室外全色大型显示屏以及特殊的照明光源等。
LED优越的特性正使之逐渐取代电灯泡，而众多注意到这一趋势的工业巨头正在不断调整自身战略，以适应市场的新变化。
测试中可能遇到的词汇和知识：conglomerate联合大企业upheaval突变oligopoly求过于供的市场情况hitherto迄今sophisticated精致的Industrial giants caught in LED headlights（451words）By Chris Bryant in Frankfurt------------------------------------------------------Shoppers at the Carrefour hypermarket in Lille no longer have to ask for help to find items on special offer—instead they can navigate to them using their smartphone.Philips,the Dutch technology conglomerate,has installed800light-emitting diode fixtures at the7,800square metre store that can send a location signal to a customer’s phone using light invisible to the human eyes.“With the right sensors installed,an LED light-fitting could become the best GPS ever by directing customers or visitors to where they want to go”says Gaia Nocchi,director at Frost&Sullivan,the research and consulting firm.Lighting is starting to become part of the“internet of things”—where different devices are all connected on telecoms networks—but for incumbent manufacturers this rapid technological shift is causing huge upheaval.资料来源：育明考研考博官网Industrial giants Philips,Siemens and General Electric for decades enjoyed an oligopoly in the hitherto slow-moving lighting market,which James Stettler,an analyst at Barclays,compares with a“licence to print money”,partly because people have to regularly replace their bulbs.Now LEDs are fast displacing traditional light sources such asincandescent,halogen and fluorescent bulbs,catalysed partly bydouble-digit annual price declines in components.Government regulations also have supported the growth of LEDs because of their energy efficiency.They produce light using semiconductors—whereas traditional light bulbs rely on filaments—and therefore consume less electricity.LEDs also last much longer than old-style bulbs and are far moresophisticated.For example,the new68-storey International Youth Culture Centre in Nanjing,China,has700,000LED lights capable of illuminating the building façade in different colours at night.Frost&Sullivan estimates the global LED lighting market grew35per cent to$32.3bn last year,and it is forecast to more than double to$70bn by 2019.LED as a proportion of the total lighting market is set to near50 per cent by the end of2015and reach84per cent by2020.The incumbents saw the tech revolution coming and are now among the biggest players,but the rapid growth in LEDs has attracted new low-costcompetitors,particularly from Asia.The incumbents are responding to these challenges in different ways,but broadly speaking they are restructuring legacy,high-volume lighting units and regearing their business models towards“smart”and“connected lighting”.“In10years there might not be a single light bulb left.If your core competence isn’t needed any more,then you need to adapt—the challenge is to move from being a general lighting company to a solution provider,”says Ms Nocchi.How can shoppers at the Carrefour hypermarket find items on special offer? Using their smartphones资料来源：育明考研考博官网∙Asking the shop assistants∙Looking for special signs∙Using GPSWhich of the following is not mentioned as one of the industrial giants having enjoyed an oligopoly in the lighting market?∙Philips∙Siemens∙ A.O.Smith∙General ElectricWhy have government regulations supported the growth of LEDs?∙Their universality∙Their Energy efficiency∙Their low price∙Their high qualityWhich of the following is not mentioned as LED’s advantage?∙Consuming less electricity∙Creating less pollution∙Lasting longer∙Being more sophisticated被LED灯吸引的工业巨头资料来源：育明考研考博官网解析A文章第一和第二段提到顾客可以通过使用智能手机接收LED光信号来找到特价商品，而不需要寻求他人帮助。
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研阅读题,考研真题9
阅读题源速读测试：谁动了苹果投资者的“奶酪”？周三早上，苹果的股票在接连五天下跌至自一月以来股价最低点之后，终于刹住了脚步。
在苹果股价的连续走低背后，到底隐藏着投资者怎样的顾虑？市场是否不再接受苹果独居鳌头的状况？消费者对于苹果的期待值和需求狂潮是否就此消退？究竟是谁，动了苹果投资者的“奶酪”？测试中可能遇到的词汇和知识：bullish积极乐观的，看涨的behemoth巨头Atop在…顶上What is eating Apple investors?（432words）By Kadhim Shubber------------------------------------------------------Apple’s shares slid to their lowest point since January on Wednesday morning before its five-day losing streak finally halted as buyers emerged.The world’s most valuable company has been hit by investor concern about its business in China,where there are signs economic growth is slowing and where Apple has recently slipped from its pre-eminent position in the smartphone market.Despite Tim Cook’s bullish comments on China during Apple’s recent third-quarter earnings call,investors have sold off the company,wiping more than$111bn off its market value since July21,a15per cent drop.资料来源：育明考研考博官网Shares opened a further2per cent lower on Wednesday but recovered by mid-morning,leaving it up 1.6per cent at$116.44.The technology behemoth has fallen in10out of the past12trading sessions and a further drop on Wednesday would have been the stock’s sixth straight day of losses —the longest such stretch since February2013Apple’s share price slide has weighed heavily on broader stock market indices,with every$1change in Apple’s share price resulting in a0.65 point shift in the S&P500,according to Howard Silverblatt,senior index analyst at S&P Dow Jones Indices.“The combination of Apple’s size and price moves results in an enormous impact on indices,with the only comparison being International Business Machines’impact in the early1980s,when PCs were new,and IBM was expected to own the market,”he said in a note.Although Apple more than doubled its sales in China to nudge third-quarter revenues and earnings just ahead of market forecasts,investors were rattled as iPhone sales fell short of expectations.Their concerns were reinforced after research outfit Canalys said this week that Apple has lost its position atop the Chinese smartphone market to local upstart Xiaomi during the second quarter.Apple dropped to third in China in the second quarter,according to Canalys, falling behind Xiaomi at number one and Huawei in second place.“Competition among major brands has never been so intense,”said Jingwen Wang in the report.Sliding commodity prices,which Wall Street has taken as evidence of a 资料来源：育明考研考博官网slowdown in China’s economy,along with turmoil in the country’s stock markets,have added to bearish investor sentiment around Apple.During Apple’s earnings call on July21,chief executive Tim Cook shrugged off concerns about the sharp drop in China’s stock markets and worries about its economic growth,saying the company remained“extremely bullish”on the country.“Nothing that’s happened has changed our fundamental view that China will be Apple’s largest market at some point in the future,”he said.Which market is the most concerning to investors?∙America∙India∙China∙UKWhich company in the1980s’market can be a comparison of Apple in today’s market?∙Microsoft∙Intel∙Cisco∙IBMWhat is Tim Cook’s attitude towards the Chinese market?∙Indifferent资料来源：育明考研考博官网∙Negative∙Don’t know∙PositiveWhich domestic company did Apple lose its atop position in the Chinese market to?∙Xiaomi∙Huawei∙Samsung∙HTC谁动了苹果投资者的“奶酪”？解析C文章第二段提到投资者最担心对他们有影响的就是苹果在中国市场的表现。
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研国际商务英语---考试要点,考研参考书,考研真题2
国际商务英语---考试要点Equities:company stocksRatify:make an agreement or a treaty officially valid by signing itControversy:public argument about sth.Which many people disagree withBiennial:happening every alternate yearClout:influenceAnti-dumping:one form of action which may be taken by a government to protect industries from unfair competition by which goods are sold at a price lower than in the country where they are manufactured Mandate:authority given to perform a dutyStillborn:(of a child)dead at birth;(of an idea or a plan)not developing furtherContracting party:a country of film that signs a legal agreementAkin to:similar,related toOptimal:best or most favorableTerms of trade:the relation of export and import pricesPreference:a practical advantage given to one over othersExport earnings:money earned on the sales of goods to other countriesProvisions:a formal or explicit statement of conditions demandedTariffs:customs duties imposed by a government on imports or exportsInvisibles:trade in servicesBoard:an official group of persons who direct or supervise some activities of a firmPermanent:lastingCounterpart:a person or thing that closely resembles another in position or functionForum:an outlet for discussing of matters of interest to a given group外刊经贸知识选读1.The writer examines the development of China’s trade policy and the present state of the overseaseconomic links.2.The pattern of China’s foreign trade has changed substantially since the founding of People’sRepublic.3.China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return formanufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country’s industrialization programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.4.The Great Leap Forward of1958-1959initially produced gains in agricultural and industrialproduction,but subsequently resulted in serious economic imbalances.5.Economic problems were exacerbated by three bad harvests with the result that national income andthe volume of foreign trade contracted during1960-1962.6.The withdrawal of Soviet economic and technical aid in the early-1960s caused trade to shift awa yfrom the USSR and its Comecon partners towards Japan and Western Europe.7.The growth of foreign trade was disrupted again during the Cultural Revolution(1966-1976)whenagricultural and industrial production fell sharply and transportation constraints became more serious.8.Foreign trade,which has a major role in the Four Modernizations programme,has grown rapidly overthe past few years.9.The Sino-USA agreement on trade relations,which came into force in February1980,accords Chinamost-favored nation treatment.10.A commodity breakdown of China’s trade shows that fuels accounted for24percent of total exportsin1982……11.But the leading categories of imports in1982were food,which accounted for22percent of the total,light manufactured items with a share of20percent and machinery and transportation equipment with 17percent.12.The US dollar value of Chinese exports increased at an average rate of almost18percent perannum between1978and1983……13.As a result,the visible trade surplus rose sharply from US$3.7billion in1981to US$4.4billion in1982and US$3.7billion in1983.14.Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chineseeconomy had caused imports to rise by more than50percent in1978placing undue strain on the national economy.15.China became a net gain exporter in1984.16.The pattern of foreign trade growth was reserved in1984:the value of exports increased by10percent,but imports jumped38percent with the result that the visible trade account was in deficit by US$1.1billion.17.The strong increase in imports last year is attributed to buoyant economic activity as well as to thesuccess of the Government’s trade and foreign investment policies.18.HK is China’s major export market accounting for approximately26percent of total exports in1983(though much in re-exported to other destinations from there).19.The EEC’s share of China’s exports has generally been around11-12percent over the past few years(the leading export markets within the European Community are Germany and the United Kingdom),…….20.The most important suppliers among the industrial countries were Japan……21.The successful outcome to negotiations between Britain and China about the future of HK willstrengthen the Sino-British relations and is expected to boost trade between the two countries.22.The value of Chinese exports to Britain,which rose rapidly between1977and1980,declined in1981-1982,but recovered strongly in1983….23.Chinese officials stress the importance of introducing advanced technology to domestic industry,but the need is for technology of varying degrees of sophistication,not necessarily for advanced technology as that term is understood in the West.24.The size of the visible account of the balance of payments,but the size of the visible trade surplusduring1981-1983and a pronounced increase in earnings from tourism suggest that the current account has been in surplus over the past few years.25.Foreign exchange reserves have risen rapidly from approximately US$2.5billion at end-1980to US$17.0billion by October1984.26.The balance of foreign exchange reserves is controlled by the Bank of China which specializes inforeign exchange business.27.The authorities are willing to permit a run-down in the country’s international reserves over the nextfew years as a means of accelerating the introduction of foreign technology.28.Foreign countries are encouraged to mount exhibitions of their goods and China itself hasparticipated in a number of trade fairs and exhibitions held abroad.29.Since the late1970s China has also adopted foreign trade practices long-established in many othercountries.30.Assembly manufacturing began in1978and particular forms of foreign trade are eligible forexemption from customs duties and taxation.31.a series of policies designed to encourage foreign investment have accompanied these tradereforms.32.The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China’sdetermination to introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets.33.Foreign investment is advantageous insofar as it facilitated the transfer of technology and skills andavoids creating an overhang of debt.34.The authorities do not consider it appropriate to incur large amounts of external debt until a number ofpractical bottlenecks in the economy.35.China’s access to substantial sums of money from the World Bank also reduces the need to borrowon commercial terms.36.Figures compiled by the OECD and the Bank of International Settlements show borrowings fromwestern commercial banks of approximately US$2billion,but also show that the bulk of China’s foreign obligations consist of non-bank trade related credits which exceed US$4billion.37.There appears considerable scope for foreign banks to undertake profitable business over the longerterm.1.The four special economic zones(SEZs)in Guangdong and Fujian provinces,14coastal cities(allformer treaty ports)and Hainan island(19“open”areas in all)have specifically designed tax and other incentives for the foreign investor.2.But every provincial capital is doing its best to attract foreign investment.3.The following year,a tax law for joint ventures was promulgated.4.Chinese leaders were growing impatient with the rate of progress in the showpiece SEZ-Shenzhen.5.The State Council declared14cities along the entire coast plus Hainan island open to foreigninvestment,thus introducing a real element of competition into the country’s economic-development programme.6.Even local factories are taking note of the vast potential sales in their own domestic market.7.The central government’s determination to raise the level of industrial technology is clearly behind thedecision to open the14coastal cities.8.The Bank of China has also said that new and more flexible loan policies will enable“thousands”ofdomestic enterprises to borrow foreign exchange to import equipment and repay in Renminbi.9.The need to upgrade industrial equipment is great.10.The combined industrial output of the15coastal areas is reportedly equal to a quarter of the nation’stotal.11.But while the reasons for throwing19areas and cities open to foreign investment and technologytransfer are clear,how the preferential systems will operate is not.12.This is due largely to the intensity of competition among the19,coupled with the inexperience ofmost local authorities both in making decisions and in dealing with the outside world.13.In the SEZs,which are being built almost from scratch,foreigners can invest in anything which thestate deems useful for the country,be it,for examples,production of goods for export or construction of private-housing estates.14.These can be joint ventures,cooperative enterprises or wholly foreign-owned operations.15.….imports of capital and consumer goods(except cigarettes and liquor)are exempted from customsduties,and a uniform15%income-tax rate is applied.16.In the coastal cities,only factories where plant is being upgraded by foreign investment,enjoy the15%tax rate.17.The Economic and Technical Development Zone(ETDZ)outside the coastal city centre will offer auniform tax rate of15%for all the projects and waive the usual10%profit-remittance tax.18.A joint venture outside the Zone is liable to the standard33%tax rate.19.Tourist enterprises and any other service industry outside the Zone are not entitled to any specialstatus.20.The major source of confusion for foreign investors,however,is not the tax rate but who has theauthority to approve projects.21.China International Economic Consultants Inc.is the consultancy arm of the China International Trustand Investment Corp.22.But if we start putting too many rules and regulations,they will get discourage.23.….it will be some time before the dust settles and local authorities and foreign investors can dealwith one another in a systematic way.24.Stock-taking of the open policy will come later this year when the National People’s Congressdiscusses the seventh five-year plan.1.China has the most dynamic economy in the world today.2.Its boom radiates from Guangdong,its richest province…3.After a slowdown through1990,China’s economy bounced back mightily,reaching a recent peak of13percent growth last year.4.Some Western experts are predicting that China could become the world’s dominant economy earlyin21st century.5.Membership in this club,which includes all the world’s leading economies,could provide a hugeboost for a low-wage export economy.st year China’s trade surplus surged,buoyed by exports of toys,textiles and consumerelectronics.7.Its trade surplus with the United States hit a record$18billion.8.The U.S.Congress due to consider the renewal of China’s most-favored nation trade status inJune…9.After Japan,we’ll be first in line for retaliation.10.American has an increasingly large stake in good relations with China.11.In1992American companies led a rush of foreign investors who signed more than$30billion worthof contracts in China.12.McDonnell Douglas has built35MD-80series aircraft in Shanghai—and has contracted to build40more.13.Other state-affiliated companies,including CITIC and China Resources,Inc.,are branching out fromHK to establish overseas posts are varied as diamond-trading operations in Sri Lanka and brokerage services in New York.14.Inflation has recently climbed back into double digits…1.In1991,for the second year in a row,the economies of low-income and middle-income countriesvirtually stagnated,as measured by an increase in per capita gross domestic product(GDP).2.Aggregate output for developing countries advanced by slightly less than2percent during1991(similar to the weak performance of1990),implying an easing in per capita income of0.1percent.3.Excluding Central and Eastern Europe,growth in developing countries in1991was3.4percent,compared with3.8percent during the1980s.4.An increase in China’s growth rate helped to sustain high rates of growth in the East Asia region.5.International conditions for growth in developing countries deteriorated in1991.6.The seven major industrial countries(the G-7)experienced a significant slowdown in GDP growth…7.The weakness in demand in the United States contributed to a drop of over6percent in non oilcommodity prices…8.Policy reforms in Latin America helped to moderate inflation and domestic demand;East Asianeconomics,supported by growth in export volume in the range of10percent and by robust domestic demand,continued to grow rapidly.9.The index of non oil primary commodity prices in nominal dollar terms decline for the thirdconsecutive year,and the index in real terms hit an all-time low.10.There were no breakthroughs in the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations on key elements,andthe outcome remains in doubt.11.Growth in the G-7countries decelerated from2.8percent in1990to1.9percent in1991.12.The broad trend was the outcome of largely unexpected setbacks to recovery in the United Statesand the United Kingdom and the apparent onset of a slower period of economic growth in Japan and Germany.13.A slump in construction of rental housing and the fading of a tax-cut-induced boom in auto sales alsocontributed to the weaker growth of Japan.14.Unification further boosted investment,which then appeared to diminish,as expectations ofprofitability were dampened by higher wages and high short-term nominal and real interest rates.15.Inflation as measured by the GDP deflator slackened in most of the G-7countries.16.It continued to decelerate in North America and edged down in Japan,17.Financial institutions in these two countries adopted more conservative lending policies,curtailingfinancing of high-risk projects…18.These developments played some part in the general tightening of credit during1991…19.A notable development in1991was a narrowing of current-account imbalances of most majorindustrial countries…20.The trade component of the deficit narrowed as lower inflation and earlier dollar depreciationimproved competitiveness…21.A continuation of the surge of imports that followed unification,as well as the earlier appreciation ofthe deutsche mark,contributed to the swing.22.In Germany,the slope of the yield curve turned positive.23.Because slowdown in industrial-country growth dampened demand for exports of both primarycommodities and manufactures from developing countries,the volume of merchandise exports of developing countries declined by2percent.24.The influence of the Gulf crisis,including the spike in oil prices and dislocations in the Middle East,was widespread.25.…the sharp compression of imports by the Soviet Union adversely affected its other tradingpartners.26.…a pick-up in China helped sustain Asian activity.27.The sharp acceleration of GDP growth in China,from4.5percent to over6percent,was supported byimprovements in industrial output,higher levels of consumer spending,and significant gains in the export of manufactures.28.Export volumes for the group of East Asian countries advanced at double-digit rates.29.Economic weakness in some of the region’s traditional export markets has underlined the importanceof market diversification…30.The decline was partly caused by India’s reining in of its budget deficit and the short-term effects ofthe implementation of strong emergency stabilization measures…31.The emergency measures included a serve compression of imports,tight credit policies andexchange-rate devaluation.32.In Europe and Central Asia,GDP contracted by about7percent,as stabilization and reform programs,in several countries had not yet led to bottoming-out in their economies.1.The Clinton Administration is drawing the first lines of a tougher U.S.policy on trade…2.The strongest signal came last week,when Mickey Kantor,the U.S.trade representative,movedquickly to cite the12-nation European Community for“intolerable”discrimination against U.S.companies seeking government contracts within the Community.3.The administration will begin retaliating in six weeks if EC policies remain unchanged.4.A willingness to impose sanction on major trading partners to reduce trade barriers abroad,with lesspatience for drawn-out negotiations.5.Administration officials see little risk that this more aggressive policy could escalate into full-fledgedtrade war that would shock the world’s fragile economies.6.Tokyo appears more“results-oriented”than the Community,prompting hopes that bargains can bereached with Japan to ease frictions on a range of issues.7.A pledge to Mexico and Canada to seek rapid congressional approval of the North AmericanFree-trade Agreement as the highest trade priority.8.Some representatives of U.S.business,seething over what they view as protectionist EC policies,praised Mr.Kantor’s action.9.…if the dispute with European Community over government procurement is soon followed by casheswith Europe over steel…10.Anyone who thinks Europe and Japan will be bullied into meeting American deadlines and prioritiesisn’t awake to the changes that have occurred.2015年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士——英语翻译基础考研真题育明状元学员回忆一.词汇翻译（30分）英译汉：从10个terms里面挑5个translate and define them briefly in Chinese(共15分，一个3分）1added value tax增值税增值税是以商品（含应税劳务）在流转过程中产生的增值额作为计税依据而征收的一种流转税。
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4.湖畔诗社
1922年3月，成立于杭州，是文学革命后涌现的具有浪漫抒情倾向的新诗团体，主要成员为应修人、潘漠华、冯雪峰、汪静之四人。
汪静之、冯雪峰、潘漠华、应修人等出版合集《湖畔》，同年还出版了汪静之的个人诗集《蕙的风》。
文学史上称这四位诗人为“湖畔诗人”。
该诗社以写作爱情诗闻名。
被朱自清评为“真正专心致志作情诗”的诗歌团体。
内容：爱情诗与自然景物诗都带有历史青春期的特色，清新、美丽。
形式：自由诗、浪漫主义手法；天真、开朗的自我抒情主人公形象。
5.鸳鸯蝴蝶派
指的是清末民初专写才子佳人题材的文学派别。
又名礼拜六派(因鸳鸯蝴蝶派刊物中以《礼拜六》影响最大而得名)，始于20世纪初，1912—1917年为其繁盛期，直至1949年才基本消失。
主要作家有包天笑、徐枕亚、周瘦鹃、李涵秋、李定夷等。
主要刊物有《礼拜六》、《小说时报》、《小说新报》、《小说大观》等。
文学主张是把小说作为“游戏”和“消遣”的工具。
这一类文学以言情小说为骨干，总体特征是情调和风格偏于世俗、媚俗。
代表作品有：徐枕亚《玉梨魂》、李涵秋《广陵潮》、包天笑《上海春秋》等。
其主流为言情小说，有坏的支流如黑幕小说等。
鸳鸯蝴蝶派小说内容多为才子佳人恋爱婚姻，接触到婚姻制度不合理，但又常囿于礼教。
其中好的有一定社会、艺术价值，但也有许多作品以营利为目的而粗制滥造。
这一流派在小说形式、技巧方面有承前启后作用。
文学研究会对其游戏、消遣的文学观进行过批判。
6.问题小说
是“五四”时期，小说创作的排头兵，主要在1919—1923年兴盛一时。
一般说来，凡是明确地接触某一社会现象或人生现象，有意识地提出问题，甚至试图解答问题的小说，都可谓之“问题小说”。
主要作家：冰心、王统照、叶圣陶（叶绍钧）。
主要作品：《狂人日记》1918、《药》1919、《阿Q正传》1921、《是爱情还是苦痛》罗家伦、《这也是一个人？》叶圣陶、《两个家庭》《超人》《斯人独憔悴》冰心。
7.乡土小说
指20Y初出现于文坛的一股文学潮流，靠回忆重组来描写故乡农村（包括乡镇）的生活，带有浓重的乡土气息和地方色彩的小说。
重要作家：王鲁彦、彭家煌、台静农等寓居京沪的青年作者。
主要作品：王鲁彦《柚子》、彭家煌《怂恿》、台静农《地之子》、许钦文《故乡》、蹇先艾《水葬》、许杰《惨雾》。
8.抒情小说
在“问题小说”和“乡土小说”相继出现的同时，自叙传抒情小说也在“五四”时期的文坛上大发溢彩。
自叙传抒情小说主张再现作家自己的生活和心理，侧重作家对心境的大胆暴露，包括暴露个人私生活中的灵与肉的冲突以及变态性心理，作为向一切旧道德、旧礼教挑战的艺术手段。
重要作家：以郁达夫为主的创造社抒情作家群体、王以仁、庐隐、dan女士（冯沅君）、浅草社与沉钟社作家、语丝社的冯文炳、废名及具有抑郁色彩的许地山等。
主要作品：郭沫若《漂流三部曲》：《歧路》《十字架》《炼狱》；郁达夫《沉沦》；王以仁《孤雁》；庐隐《海滨故人》；许地山《命命鸟》。
9.小诗
是从国外输入的一种即兴式的短诗，一般以三五行为一首，表现作者刹那间的感兴，寄寓一种人生哲理或美的情思。
短小的篇幅包容了广阔的空间，从外部客观世界的描绘转向内心感觉、感受的表现，自由诗体的句法与章法趋于简约化。
10.零余者
郁达夫小说用抒情的方式塑造出了真实感人的抒情主人公形象，这些主人公大都是“零余者”，即“五四”时期一部分歧路彷徨的知识青年，他们是遭社会挤压而无力把握自己的命运的小人物，是被压迫被损害的弱者。
这些“零余者”同现实社会往往势不两立，宁愿穷困自己，也不愿与黑暗势力同流合污，他们痛骂世道浇漓，或以种种变态行为以示反抗。
郁达夫的“零余者”形象，实际上是对自己精神困境的一种自述，经拷问自己来探索五四知识分子的精神世界。