中考真题——议论文阅读10篇
议论文阅读及答案(共5篇)
篇一：中考议论文阅读练习含答案1、幸福没有榜样有时，我们总是感到自己的生活不够幸福，不如人家的日子过得那样滋润甜美，还常常拿别人家的幸福作榜样，去寻找自己的幸福。
“榜样的力量是无穷的”，可是，到头来，我们会发现，唯独这人追人寻、人见人爱的幸福，没有榜样，常常是求而不得，甚至徒生烦恼。
其实，词典给出的幸福答案是不大准确的。
即使同一境遇，人们对幸福的理解也是千差万别的。
生活在大体相似的环境里，一百个人眼中的幸福观，或许还不止一百呢，有时同一个人，不同的时期就有不同的幸福观。
幸福观的模糊，对幸福理解的个性化，这大概也告诉我们：幸福，没有模式；幸福，没有榜样。
幸福，没有榜样。
梁实秋也这样说，“幸福与快乐，是在心里，不假外求。
求即往往不得”。
一位远房的侄女，日子本来过得很快活。
一次同学聚会，看一位当处长的同学，居有豪宅，出有宝马，很是羡慕人家的幸福生活，抱怨自己的男人只会教书，不会捞钱。
原有的快乐也因寻找幸福的榜样，而逃之夭夭。
还有，我们眼中的别人的幸福，有时并不是那么一回事。
我们常常喜欢用世俗的眼光看别人的幸福，常常认为有权势，有财富，有显赫的名声，有骄人的业绩，就会有幸福，有舒心的日子。
其实，幸福有时恰恰与权势、与财富离得很远，与名声、与业绩也并不怎么亲近。
侄女那个同学，近日，婚外恋闹得沸沸扬扬，幸福显然并不在她家。
孟德斯鸠好像说过这样一句话：如果你仅仅希冀幸福，这不难做到；但期望像别人那样幸福，这总是难以做到，因为我们认为别人会比实际更幸福。
“幸福的家庭都是一样的”，然而，每个人对幸福的感悟又各有各的不同。
这大概与人们的不同追求有关。
勇敢的人，追求刺激，冒着生命危险或是攀登高山，或是漂游湍流，感到是种幸福；沉静的人，喜欢安闲，甘愿生活寂寞，或是一部《庄子》，或是一首古曲，也会心中溢满快乐。
伟大的哲学家康德，把人生的追求归结为：“我是谁?我要干什么?我能干什么?我如何去干?”幸福大概就是对这些问题的回答。
通用最新版初中九年级语文中考复习现代文阅读：议论文专项练习(30篇)
2020语文中考复习现代文阅读---议论文专项练习（30篇）一、阅读《从容淡定是一种境界和修养》，回答1-4题。
（12分）从容淡定是一种境界和修养从容淡定是一种境界和修养。
从容淡定是一种境界。
苏轼政治失意，兄弟分离，正是豁达的情怀让他将所有的抑郁惆怅融化在了清风明月之中，从而获得了心灵的自由与解放。
从容淡定，能让我们在困境中超然忘我，使我们的精神得到升华，让我们的人生绽放出灿烂的光芒。
从容淡定是一种修养。
庄子说：“平易恬淡，则忧患不能入，邪气不能袭。
”从容淡定，表现为“八风吹不动”。
所谓八风就是利、衰、毁、誉、称、讥、苦、乐。
“八风吹不动”意思是说：无论顺境还是逆境，称赞还是诽谤，都能泰然处之。
怎样才能做到从容淡定？中华民族的先贤志士为我们做出了诠释。
正因为有远大的理想，诸葛亮才能做到淡泊宁静；正因为有豁达的胸襟，范仲淹才能做到宠辱不惊；正因为有深厚的爱国情怀，文天祥才能从容面对生死。
做到从容淡定，还需要有专注的精神。
面对军阀混战，社会变革，新旧文化激烈交锋的现实，著名学者胡适先生说：“这个世界乱纷纷，先把自己铸炼成器。
”他是这样说的，也是这样的做的。
他排除干扰，从容淡定，潜心治学，在文学、哲学、史学、考据学等诸多领域均有建树，使自己成为一位文化巨匠。
（选文有改动）1．（3分）本文的中心论点是什么？答：2．（2分）请指出下列句子所运用的论证方法。
（一个括号只能填写一种论证方法。
）（1）苏轼政治失意，兄弟分离，正是豁达的情怀让他将所有的抑郁惆怅融化在了清风明月之中，从而获得了心灵的自由与解放。
（）（2）庄子说：“平易恬淡，则忧患不能入，邪气不能袭。
”（）3．（3分）文中画线句子的含义是什么？答：4．（4分）作者认为怎样才能做到从容淡定？答：一、1．（3分）从容淡定是一种境界和修养。
2．（2分）举例论证道理论证3．（3分）这个世界很混乱，我们不要为其所扰，应先致力于把自己做到铸造锤炼成为一个有用的人。
[全]中考语文最新议论文训练(10篇)及答案
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中考语文最新议论文训练（10篇）及答案（一）柔软地带□查一路①菜市场外，路边小贩在和城管交涉，对收摊的要求，讨价还价。
“再等会儿，再等会儿。
“不能再等了，你再不走，我就要丢饭碗啦!”②我饶有兴致地驻足倾听，观看。
我看到了一种新的东西——一种存于人的内心的柔软地带。
社会总是在进步，几年前，在我的印象中，城管跟小贩交流只用动作——他们飞起一脚，小贩的莱篮子随即像足球一样飞起。
同样这个地点，我看到过多起。
③我站在双方的立场上去想，好像谁都没有错:小贩提篮卖点小菜能有什么错?城管为交通道路畅通有序而整顿又能有什么错?需要那么尖锐地对立吗?④几天前，我看过一本书，书中有个细节: 1992 年2月，柏林墙倒塌两年后，守墙士兵亨里奇受到审判。
在柏林墙倒塌前，他射杀了一位企图翻墙的青年。
法庭上，亨里奇的律师辩称亨里奇仅仅是在执行命令，别无选择。
而法官西奥多不以为然，他的一番话振聋发聩。
他说:“作为警察，不执行上级命令是有罪的，但打不准是无罪的。
作为一个心智健全的人，此时此刻，你有把枪口抬高一厘米的权利。
”把枪口抬高一厘米，这在法律管辖的范畴之外。
在任何情况下，只要人的内心不是铁板一块，应该都能做到。
⑤法律和法规是坚硬的东西。
如果不够坚硬，人们可以自由触碰，久之形同虚设，除此，生活还需要刚性之外的柔软地带；人的内心，也应该有软硬两个地带，硬的是原则，软的是良知。
⑥绝对的“神圣”，许多都化成后来的“荒诞”。
因为世间没有什么比时间和常识更为强大的东西，它们的检验，能够摧毁人们心中曾经毫无怀疑的确信与坚守。
⑦因此，在是与非之间，在权力与欲望之间，需要建立一个缓冲地带，这个缓冲地带能给后来的进与退留一点余地，给调整与纠偏留一点空间，而这，需要人们的内心有一块可以松动的柔软部分。
⑧记得一个有趣的细节。
早在20世纪20年代，胡适就和鲁迅商量着要改写《西游记》的最后一回。
到了1934年，胡适终于将《西游记》的最后一回做了改写。
中考真题——议论文阅读10篇
中考真题——议论⽂阅读10篇中考真题——议论⽂阅读10篇1.2019年江西，17——20题，17分谈语⾔王⼒语⾔是⼈们表达思想感情的⼯具，是⼈们进⾏⽂学创作、新闻写作和其他⼀切写作的⼯具。
我们既然爱好写作，⼜想在这⽅⾯成才，就不能不⾸先掌握好这个⼯具，⽽且要像⽊匠爱斧锯、画家爱颜料、战⼠爱武器那样爱我们赖以进⾏⼯作的⼯具。
许多写⽂章的⼈，从中学⽣到⼤学教授，从新闻记者到作家，拿起笔来总想我现在是写⽂章，跟说话不⼀样，要把语⾔装饰得“华丽”⼀点，把语句表达得“⽂雅”⼀点，把⽂章写得“美妙”⼀点。
于是总想造⼀些时髦的句⼦，东拐西缠多绕⼀些弯⼦。
实际呢?弄巧成拙，适得其反。
他们不懂得，⽂章脱离了⼝语，脱离了⼈民⼤众的语⾔，就不可能是准确、鲜明、⽣动的。
有⼀篇描写英雄到⼤海救⼈的报道说：“他冒着刺⾻的寒风，迈着冻僵的双脚跳⼊了沸腾的⼤海。
”这是⼀个很费解⼜不准确的句⼦，作者在说话时绝不会这么说，这叫“故作姿态”。
还有篇报道，出现“他冒着七⽉流⽕在圩堤上东奔西⾛”这样的句⼦。
“七⽉流⽕”出⾃《诗经》，指夏历七⽉星⾠位置的移动，并不指天⽓炎热。
⽤“七⽉流⽕”形容天⽓炎热就不对。
我们平常说话从不这样说，可能说“冒着烈⽕”、“顶着烈⽇”，如果说“我冒着七⽉流⽕怎样怎样……”肯定要被⼈⼤笑⼀番。
著名散⽂家朱⾃清晚年的作品⽐他早年的作品好，他晚年的作品更受读者欢迎，我⾃⼰就爱看他晚年的作品。
这是什么原因呢?我认为重要的⼀点就是话怎么说，⽂章就怎么写。
他早年的作品语句过于修饰、做作，读起来很绕⼝，理解就更不容易了。
他晚年的作品朴素、⾃然、平易近⼈，就很受读者欢迎。
这对我们后⼈是⼀种启发。
是不是说⼝语与书⾯语没有区别呢?也不是的。
⽂章是有组织的语⾔，在这⼀点上，也可以说⽂章和语⾔不⼀样。
我们平常说话的时候，往往不假思考，想到哪⾥就说到哪⾥，有时候语⾔不连贯，甚⾄前后⽭盾，句⼦不合逻辑，不合语法。
有的同志在⼩组会上发⾔头头是道，娓娓动听，但是⼈家把他的话记录下来，仔细看⼀下，却⼜会发现⽑病百出，缺乏逻辑性和科学性。
专题11 议论文阅读-【好题汇编】三年(2022-2024)中考语文真题分类汇编(湖北专用)含解析
三年（2022-2024）中考语文真题分类汇编（湖北专用）专题11 议论文阅读（原卷版）【2023年湖北省恩施州市中考语文真题】阅读下面的议论文，完成下面小题。
让阅读为青春增色徐川①最是书香能致远。
前不久，教育部等八部门印发《全国青少年学生读书行动实施方案》，切实引导激励青少年学生爱读书、读好书、善读书，立志为中华民族伟大复兴而读书。
青少年是祖国的未来、民族的希望，肩负着时代赋予的重任。
如何通过读书学习夯实基础、挺立脊梁，扣好人生的第一粒扣子，关乎个人成长成才，也关乎党和国家事业发展。
处于人生的重要阶段，广大青少年要像海绵汲水一样汲取知识，通过激发阅读兴趣、掌握阅读方法、检视阅读成效以充实自我、提升本领、增长才干。
②激发阅读兴趣，厚实青春底气。
阅读是青少年获取知识、启迪智慧的重要来源，也是立大志、明大德、成大才、担大任的必由之路。
选一本好书入门，有助于激发阅读兴趣、唤醒阅读活力，让青少年愿意读、喜欢读、坚持读。
“小德川流，大德敦化”，由阅读兴趣激发到阅读习惯养成，由“要我学”到“我要学”，由“学一阵”到“学一生”，青少年才能在博览群书、日积月累中提升思想道德品质与科学文化素质，培养独立思考、创新创造和终身学习的能力，坚定理想信念、树立远大志向，在感悟时代、紧跟时代中珍惜韶华，自觉按照党和人民的要求锤炼自己、提高自己。
③掌握阅读方法，点亮青春灯塔。
精其选、解其言、知其意、明其理，阅读既要学会读“厚”，结合兴趣志向不断增加阅读量，争取广闻博览；也要学会读“薄”，把阅读所积累的知识融会贯通。
“学如弓弩，才如箭镞”，阅读是一个需要长期坚持的过程。
面对日新月异的世界，要保持“挤劲”“钻劲”“韧劲”，在阅读中享受乐趣、感悟人生、获得成长，让读书成为一种生活方式，至千里之远、成江海之大。
除了读“有字之书”，还要读“无字之书”，注重学习人生经验和阅历感悟，以阅读升华精神、濯净心灵。
④检视阅读成效，激扬青春风采。
中考语文 议论文阅读题库(15篇)
议论文阅读题库15篇人格修养一、阅读下面选文，完成 1～4 题。
（12分）傲骨“人不可有傲气，但不可无傲骨。
”此言直接透过人的表相，深入骨髓。
“傲气”与“傲骨”，一字之差，含义决然不同。
盛气凌人是傲气，自命不凡是傲气，不可一世、目中无人，当然是傲气的极致表现，如果没有实力做内在支撑，便不免透着一种浅薄，一丝内荏。
用现在的话说，这是性格里一种土豪式的张扬，是人格中低级别的傲态。
而傲骨是不露声色、虚怀若谷的内敛，是有志向、有自信、有定力的品质，是力量和尊严的内蕴，也是对人“貌相”还是“斗量”的依凭。
傲骨是一种风度，一种气质，是高写的人格姿态，是超标于庸俗的自我要求。
有傲气的人，常人觉得难以接近，更难相容，或让人敬而远之，视而疏之，及至因为走不近、看不惯而生反感，见不得、受不了而感压抑。
而有傲骨的人，表面和蔼而沉稳，使人深感有亲和力，有愿与其交往的欲望，发散出一种和谐和包容的气度，流露着从善如流、天高地广但绝不苟同流俗的开阔与坚守。
与有傲骨者相处，便似与善良、正直和真谛相行，不觉难堪而备生尊重，不觉偏狭而可以被他带向高处望远。
傲气看似趾高气扬，一口吐完，若无内里氤氲，顿化作空虚；傲骨不卑不亢，却有定海神针在，是风里浪里屹立不倒的大写人格。
“安能摧眉折腰事权贵，使我不得开心颜。
”诗仙李白此句，把酷爱自由、桀骜不驯的一身傲骨展露得淋漓尽致。
当然这是酒后。
李太白一生怀有远大抱负，毫不掩饰地追求浪漫和自由，黄河决堤似地挥洒着诗情诗意和诗才。
当其政治理想与现实相碰撞时，胸中淤积了难以言状的痛苦和愤懑，他内心是挺立的，是傲慢的，不向权贵低头的本色藏在怀袖和笔墨中，支撑着他不但嘲弄皇帝身边的佞臣有时也让皇帝难堪。
傲骨在内，被人生放逐到哪里，也都是自由。
他时常畅怀痛饮，邀朋呼友足迹遍及名山大川，大半生过着流浪的生活。
奇险的山川与他叛逆不屈的性格相映照，斗酒留诗，留下的是大量仰怀古人、壮思欲飞的佳篇佳句，其中《梦游天姥吟留别》尽情无拘地书写逆境中的心路历程，苦闷的心灵在梦中得到了久渴后的解放，今人读来，却感受得到李白那愁怀难遣本色不改的铮铮傲骨。
辽宁沈阳历年中考语文现代文之议论文阅读10篇(2003—2019)
中考语文现代文阅读汇编辽宁沈阳议论文阅读10篇（2003—2019）语言的力量何冠军①生活中，有人喜欢高谈阔论，有人习惯低声细语，有人说话绵里藏针……无论是日常攀谈还是正式发言，语言都可谓交流的工具、思维的载体。
重视语言、善用语言，让语言释放智慧与力量，往往能达到事半功倍的效果。
②语言的力量，首在言之成理。
“言贵于有物，无物，非言也。
”就拿开会发言来说，一个人的讲话之所以能振奋人心、引起共鸣，关键在于相关语言都找到了恰当的支点，在事实和逻辑层面无懈可击，有说服力。
③语言的力量，贵在言之有德。
同样一句话，不同的人讲往往会产生不一样的效果。
纵观历史长河，誓言“舍身为国”、发出惊人之语者不在少数，他们终能流芳千古，为民族精神注入生动元素。
反观那些“两面人”、投机者，纵然信誓旦旦、巧舌如簧，由于没有人格的光亮、缺少修养的支撑，说出来的话自然无法令人信服。
④语言的力量，亦在言之共情。
《文心雕龙》有言，“情者文之经，辞者理之纬；经正而后纬成，理定而后辞畅”。
这是行文的典范，又何尝不是语言的真义？话语真情充沛、逻辑严谨，自然能生发出直抵人心的力量。
穆青采访焦裕禄事迹时情动于衷、挥洒热泪，多年后，其采访日记上仍依稀可见斑斑泪痕。
有了真情的贯注，那么语言和作品就都有了永不枯竭的活力，可以抵御时光而历久弥新。
⑤反之，轻视语言的力量，往往容易言不由衷、表意不明，甚至造成误解、触发矛盾。
比如，有的乡村动员植树，长篇累牍都是绿化的道理，对大家最关心的树苗供应等现实议题只字不提。
这必然消解群众的信任。
语言的力量可见一斑。
⑥“口能言之，身能行之，国宝也。
”当然，强调善用语言，也并不是提倡夸夸其谈，更不是否定行动的力量、落实的价值。
语言是行动的影子，行动是语言的土壤。
挖掘语言的宝藏，品味言语的艺术，有助于更好传递信息、交流意见、沟通情感，也必将推动行之有恒、行之有格、行之有效。
从这个角度来说，从真理中汲取营养，在信仰中涵养定力，于情感中激发共鸣，有利于激发语言的力量，最终做到知行合一、言行并举。
中考语文阅读议论文5篇
中考语文阅读议论文5篇中考语文阅读议论文（篇1）那轻轻摇摆的柳絮像是你飘逸的长发；那闪闪的星星像是你明亮的眼睛；那天边的一抹红霞像是你温柔的唇；那霏霏的细雨像是女儿对妈妈您无尽的思念。
妈，你走后我变乖了。
为了纪念您，我变得勤快多了，把屋子扫得干干净净；把物品放得整整齐齐；把家具擦得闪闪发亮。
一切都像您从前为家里做的一样，就像您从未离开；以前您爱唠叨我乱放东西，说女小朋友如何会有这样的坏习惯，得改掉。
每次我总是向你嘟起嘴巴，撒娇说有妈在我怕什么。
您在世的时候如何也没方法改掉这坏习惯，总爱依赖您，现在您走了，我居然就把这坏习惯改掉了，要是您看到我变得这么乖，该有多高兴啊，是吗，妈？我真的很期待您能听到，为了纪念您我改掉了。
妈，您走后我更关心妹妹了。
为了纪念您，我对妹妹就像您从前待她那样温柔，我时常检查妹妹的作业、考勤状况等，您放心好了，妹妹也很听话，我们都长大了，不会像以前那样总爱发脾气，动不动就吵嘴惹您心烦，也许您不了解，连邻家的九大娘都四处夸我们两姐妹听话懂事，还说要她的二狗娃以我俩为榜样别再老跟他小弟打架。
妈，您听到了吗？为了纪念您，我变得更像姐姐。
妈，您走后我就把头发留长了。
为纪念您，从不留长发的我———您那假小子似的女儿决定把头发留长，留得长长的，像您当年一样。
走在村里，他们都说这小朋友越看越像她妈呀。
妈，以前您总怪我把头发剪得那么短，说一点儿女小朋友的味都没有，叫我把头发留长，我死活不肯，总说往后一点再说。
现在我的头发长了，真的很长了，而妈妈您却不再在身边，您却看不到了。
妈，我多想您能看到。
为了纪念您，我把头发留长。
妈妈，您走了，整个世界都变得那么陌生，我无所适从。
我开始独立，学会做各样的活儿。
我把家布置得跟您生前一样，妈妈您了解吗，是为了更好地纪念您。
您的音容笑貌，您的言谈举止早已深深地印在了女儿的心上。
我愿意相信灵魂的存在，那样，妈妈您便会了解女儿用了这些特殊的方式来纪念您。
妈妈您对我的好就像芬香永存，女儿却只能做这些小事来纪念您，愿妈妈安息。
议论文中考真题专项训练(13篇)
议论文中考真题专项训练（13篇）一．解答题（共3小题）1．阅读下文，完成下列各题。
说说“浅阅读”吕宏①一个朋友每月都要买七八本厚薄不一的各类书籍，更新床头的书架。
我好奇地问，买书，看吗？他答，当然看，有些时候是一天看一本，只求花最少的时间看最多的书。
这就是当前很时尚、很流行的“浅阅读”。
②所谓“浅阅读”，是指一种浅层次的、以简单轻松甚至娱乐性为最高追求的阅读形式。
一位领导同志曾谈到，在线浏览正在取代传统青灯黄卷式的经典阅读，以快餐式、跳跃﹣it﹣、碎片化为特征的“浅阅读”正成为阅读新趋势。
③不可否认，“浅阅读”在当今时代有其存在的合理性，可以快速获得信息，扩大知识面，但如果仅仅把读书当成简单的消闲方式，或作为获取某种利益的途径，而不是作为提升学识修养和理论思维的手段，其过于功利性的读书目的会使人在失去学习自觉性的同时带来思维的钝化。
尤其是对青少年而言，功利性阅读将不利于其．人格的完善、精神的发育、知识构成的合理化，甚至对世界观、人生观、价值观塑造也会产生不良影响。
④读书之用途，小而言之可以了解社会、增长学问、开阔眼界、陶冶性情、丰富生活、充实自我；大而言之可以掌握科学、明辨真理、培养能力、提高水平、奉献社会、报效国家。
但在时下，不少人平时不读书、不看报、不太思考工作，很少研究问题，遇到新情况时，就拿出一本相关的书顺手翻几页“临时抱佛脚”，这种不求甚解的“浅阅读”有可能演化成有百害而无一利的“浅思维”，如果再以这种“浅思维”为指导做出“浅决策”，弊端更多。
⑤有人说，阅读决定着一个民族思维的深度和高度，对文化传承、国家发展有着重要的意义，一个浅薄、浮躁的民族是无法强大和发展的。
已有专家指出，如果仅仅满足于“浅阅读”，或者过分热衷于“浅阅读”，对于国家和民族将是灾难性的。
这就是为什么在高科技浪潮中，很多网络发达的国家反而更强调传统式阅读：美国政府陆续提出了“美国阅读挑战”“阅读优先”等计划，英国政府设定“阅读年”，要打造一个“读书人”的国度。
中考英语阅读理解议论文真题汇总
中考英语阅读理解议论文真题汇总（2023·四川眉山·统考中考真题）Do you like to travel alone? Or do you think it’s better to travel with friends? If you’re still deciding, please read on. I will explain the advantages of both ways.One of the great things about traveling alone is that you make the rules about where you go and what you eat. You’ll be surprised at what you discover about yourself without any influence.Traveling alone really shows you what you’re made of and helps you to discover inner strength (内心的力量) you didn’t know you had. Besides, it also gives you time to think, learn and grow. When your eyes are wide open, you’ll get a whole new outlook on the world.It’s easy to think that traveling alone is lonely. Although that may sometimes be true, you’re hardly ever alone. When you travel in a one-person team, this can provide a chance for you to enjoy the most interesting part of travel—communicating with the locals and meeting travelers from all corners of the world.In fact, traveling to know more about the world is not easy. There’s research to be done, flights to be booked and choices to be made, not to mention that things can—and often do—go wrong. One of the main advantages of traveling with friends is being able to share these things and support each other through the process, even if it’s just someone who will wait with your bag when you go to the bathroom.Just as your mother always says, it’s true that traveling with others can give you a sense of safety, especially if you’re new to travel. You know that if you get lost or have your wallet stolen, there’s someone to hold your hand when you try to explain your situation in a foreign police station.There’s no right or wrong way to travel. Whether you travel alone or team up with friends, it depends on you. 1．How does the writer introduce the topic of the passage in Paragraph 1?A．By telling a story.B．By giving examples.C．By asking questions.D．By describing a scene.2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A．Traveling alone.B．Inner strength.C．Outside influence.D．Traveling with others.3．Traveling with friends has the following advantages EXCEPT ________.A．sharing a lot of things B．knowing yourself betterC．getting support easily D．having a sense of safety4．What’s the structure of the passage?(①=Paragraph 1 ①=Paragraph 2… )A．B．C．D．（2023·广东广州·统考中考真题）Computer scientist Mary has an idea for a new robot to help her work with children. How should it look? The robot should have arms to be able to lift things. And if it is going to communicate with people, it will also need a face. Scientists believe that giving a robot a face can make it seem more friendly. Humans would also like to pay more attention to robots with faces. But what kind?For Mary, she wants to make sure that her new robot doesn’t look too much like a human. She wants people to just treat it as a machine-person. If it looks more like a human than a machine, she thinks users might find it a bit creepy and feel afraid. Mary also believes that robot faces don’t need to look a lot like ours. Her research shows that we can enjoy communicating with robots whether or not they look like humans, because our brains are able to look for faces. Just put two circles on top of a robot’s body, and we will see a face.Dave feels differently. He believes that although at first we might be afraid when seeing a robot with a lifelike face, we may soon get used to it. If robots are going to work closely with humans, they should look as much like us as possible. After all, faces are an important part of the way we communicate.To make his robots look as much like real people as possible, Dave invented a special skin (皮肤) for their faces. With this skin, robots can show human-like expressions and appear to be angry, sad, happy or surprised. Dave’s robots are also programmed to copy expressions. How? Just imagine his robot is looking at you. The cameras in its eyes send pictures of your face to its central computer!5．Why do scientists think a robot needs a face?A．It will become more beautiful.B．It can do better in lifting things.C．It will pay more attention to children.D．It can better communicate with people.6．What does the underlined word “creepy” mean in paragraph 2?A．Uncomfortable to look at.B．Impossible to touch.C．Boring to talk to.D．Difficult to understand.7．Which of the following would Dave most probably agree with?A．People should treat robots as humans.B．Robots need to express their own feelings.C．Robots shouldn't look too much like humans.D．People can easily accept robots with a human face.8．What is the purpose of the passage?A．To explain the reasons why robots should have faces.B．To suggest what humans can do with robots with faces.C．To share ideas on what kind of faces robots should have.D．To show how scientists invent robots with different faces.（2023·湖南长沙·统考中考真题）It is commonly believed that children are too young to fully appreciate (欣赏) the experience and knowledge of their elders, while many think that old people don’t understand the young. But actually (事实上), both groups have a lot to learn from each other.James Smith runs the Smith’s Care Home in my city. It is mainly an organization (机构) for serving the elderly. But not all of its visitors are old people. The home also includes a childcare center for pre-school kids. There is a playground in the care home, where the elderly can play with the kids. In this way, they can learn more about each other, and respect (尊重) and understand one another.I suppose this is quite an interesting idea. For one thing, we live in a world where there are more and more old people. The world is facing this problem and its population ages. It will be important for young people to be able to understand and care for the elderly in the coming years.Regretfully, my own grandparents weren’t around when I was little, as they had already passed away. I never got to learn what the world was like through their eyes, or what kinds of problems they might have faced when they were my age. To me, their lives will always be a mystery — hard to understand or explain.However, I think I can still learn from other people of older generations (辈). I might find some of their ideas out of date, and they might believe that my generation’s way of thinking is strange or incorrect. But we can still learn from each other anyway.9．What is special about the Smith’s Care Home?A．It is only a childcare center actually.B．The elderly look after kids carefully there.C．It accepts both the elderly and pre-school kids.10．In the writer’s opinion (观点),what problem is the world facing?A．There are more and more old people.B．The world’s population is dropping rapidly.C．The world is short of care homes for old people.11．What does the underlined word “mystery” mean in Paragraph 4?A．笑话B．悲剧C．谜团12．How does the writer develop his/her idea in this text?A．By giving examples.B．By listing numbers.C．By raising questions.13．What is the main purpose of the text?A．To explain why the world’s population ages.B．To encourage different generations to learn from each other.C．To show that older generations’ ways of thinking are incorrect.（2023·浙江·统考中考真题）Roger Federer, a world-famous sports star, quit(放弃) the 2020 Olympic Games to deal with his knee problem. It was a hard decision because no one wanted to be a quitter. But finding the courage to let go can be good for you.Nothing is fun all the time. Sticking at something difficult teaches us important skills like perseverance(毅力). However, learning to let go when things aren’t right is important too. Maybe your heart isn’t in playing the piano any more, or you only play football because your friends do and you want to try a different sport instead. Making the decision to walk away can free up time and energy to spend on something you really enjoy. In fact, studies show that letting go of goals you can’t reach, or don’t really want, can build up your confidence and help you lead a happier and healthier life.But how can you know it’s time to stop and move on? Eric Bean is an expert in sports psychology(心理学) who helps athletes and teams understand their feelings. He says, “Quitting is never a matter of black and white.” He suggests thinking carefully about why you aren’t enjoying something any more. Is it because you’ve argued with a teammate or can’t get on with a new art teacher? Talk about this with a trusted adult or friend. That can help you decide whether you should stay and stick, or quit and move on.Quitting doesn’t have to mean totally giving up, though. For example, playing an instrument might be more fun if you take away the pressure of exams. If you do decide to give up an activity, Bean suggests picking up another where you can still enjoy things like teamwork, creativity, and exercise.14．The writer mentions “Roger Federer” in Paragraph 1 to show that ________.A．we should never give up B．we should get away from troubleC．it’s all right to stop and quit D．it’s difficult to win Olympic medals15．According to Paragraph 2, learning to let go is important because we can ________.A．learn about perseverance B．have enough money to spendC．live a busier and fuller life D．feel more confident in ourselves16．By saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3, Eric Bean means that ________.A．it’s not good to stick at things we don’t likeB．we should think twice before quitting an activityC．we don’t have to take exams to show our true abilitiesD．it’s wiser to pick up a new hobby than to keep the old one17．Which could be the best title for the passage?A．Knowing When to Stop B．Working Hard to Move onC．Learning How to Grow up D．Starting Early to Make Changes（2022·四川绵阳·统考中考真题）Do you compare yourself to other people? Perhaps your best friend receives something you really want, or you’re not allowed to go to a concert but your brother or sister is. Even though comparisons are common and can sometimes be helpful, focusing(专注) on your own progress is important for your happiness.“We often compare ourselves to others who are doing better or not as well as ourselves.” says Dr. Jack. “But I suggest comparing yourself to your past self and your future self. This can make you feel proud of what you’ve achieved and excited about what you might do. Focusing on your own purposes is more worthwhile than always trying to come out on top.”Comparing yourself to those around you is natural and we often do it without realizing it. It can help us to be clear about our achievements and to form friendships with new people who have similar interests. However, it’s important to remember that nobody is perfect in real life. It’s also important to take note of how the comparison is making you feel. “If you begin to feel quite low, focus on your own strengths.” says Jack. In other words, you can ask yourself questions like “What can I do well in?”, which can help you trust yourself.Maybe here you are wondering “What if all my friends are better than me?”. Dr. White says that jealousy(妒忌) is not bad but focusing on bettering your own work can help you feel just as successful. He also mentions that learning to celebrate your friends’ success can not only help to cheer your friends up but also help you feel good. It will encourage you to build each other up.18．What does the writer tell us in Paragraph 1?A．We should compare with others.B．We should share things with brothers.C．We should enjoy concerts with sisters.D．We should focus on our own progress.19．Why should you compare yourself to your past self?A．To care about others.B．To change your purposes.C．To increase your excitement.D．To be proud of your achievements.20．What does the underlined phrase “your own strengths” probably mean in Paragraph 3?A．what you’re good at B．what you’ve understoodC．what you’re crazy about D．what you’ve experienced21．What does Dr. White suggest?A．Trusting your friends.B．Cheering on tiny success.C．Celebrating others’ success.D．Forming a deep friendship.22．What would be the best title for the passage?A．Plan Your Own Future B．Enjoy Your Own HappinessC．Run Your Own Race D．Follow Your Own Dream（2022·山东菏泽·中考真题）They say once you learn how to ride a bike, you never forget. Most of us learnt when we were kids, and many still shoot off for a ride around the streets. In recent times, cycling has seen a rise in popularity, so the question is: what makes it so popular to people to ride their bikes once again?First, let’s look at the good for health. Cycling can improve your health and burn extra body fat. Exercising your legs helps to increase your strength. And cycling’s good isn’t just physical, but mental(精神的) as well. A long ride in the countryside could help you to clear your mind, or lower your worry. But it’s not only about your body and mind, there are also some good sides for your wallet’s(钱包) health.Cycling can be a great way to go to work or go around town. By cycling, you save money instead of driving a car or taking a bus. If you drive to work, sometimes finding somewhere to park can be a very difficult thing. However, finding somewhere to lock your bike can be much simpler. Then, on the bus, there are changes at stations and other passengers speaking loudly on their phones to deal with. Cyclists face neither of these problems. And if you’re worried about safety, there are special cycle ways in many big cities. Wearing high-visibility(高能见度) clothing is another way to improve your safety when cycling on the roads.Finally, cycling can also be good for the environment. It can help you to reduce your carbon footprint(碳足迹). Not giving gases out into the air is better for the planet and your own environment.So, whether people want to cycle for their health, going around town, their wallet, the environment, or a combination(结合) of all of them, the popularity of cycling is on the rise.23．What is the purpose of the first paragraph?A．To explain a reason.B．To raise a question.C．To give an example.24．What is the meaning of “wallet's health” in Paragraph 2?A．Cycling saves money.B．Cycling wastes money.C．Cycling keeps your wallet safe.25．Why is cycling good for the environment?A．It burns extra body fat.B．It is easy to lock a bicycle.C．It helps reduce carbon footprint.26．What is the passage mainly about?A．Cycling for physical health.B．Cycling for safety on the road.C．The growing popularity of cycling.（2022·湖南永州·统考中考真题）On August 30, 2021, the Chinese government announced that kids would not be allowed to play online games Mondays to Thursdays. On weekends and holidays, kids would be limited(限制) to an hour a day of online gaming. “Recently, many parents have reported that playing games crazily among some youths and children is seriously harming their normal study, life and health.” the Chinese government said online. This news got us thinking. Should the government be responsible for limiting how much time kids spend online? Here are some students’opinions.Esme McNeely, 11The government should not set screen-time limits. That decision should be up to parents. Some children need to use screens for homework. And during the COVID-19, one of the only ways to talk to friends was online. Government limits would not be fair to people who are careful with their screen time.Lucas Barone, 11The government should not limit screen time. A 2021 study from the University of Colorado Boulder says screen time might be less harmful to kids than people think. Some parents worry that children online too much won’t make friends. But the study reports that screen time can actually improve kids’friendships. In fact, screen time can be educational. I use websites to read and to learn math.Xiuhan Zhu, 9I think the government should take action and limit screen time for kids. Too much screen time can lead to tiredness and less social time. People who use smartphones are more likely to get into car accidents. Electrical products like computers can also be harmful for kids. If kids aren’t careful with the websites they use, criminals can get important information.Ning Li, 10Most people spend too much time on their phones and TVs. They hurt their eyes and waste their time. And watching a lot of TV or playing games can influence kids’ learning and social skills. If the government limited screen time, people would be encouraged to spend more time with their family. They might join a sports team in their neighborhood.27．When are kids allowed to play online games for an hour a day?A．On Mondays.B．On Wednesday.C．On weekends.28．Who is against screen-time limits?A．Esme McNeely.B．Xiuhan Zhu.C．Ning Li.29．What does the study from he University of Colorado Boulder show?A．Screen time might do no harm to kids.B．Screen time can improve kids’ friendships.C．Screen time won’t help kids make friends.30．What are Ning Li’s opinions about screen-time limits?A．Too much screen time can lead to tiredness.B．Criminals can get important information easily.C．People are encouraged to spend more time with their family.31．What is the article mainly about?A．Screen time can be educational.B．Screen time can lead to less social time.C．Whether the government should set screen-time limits.（2021·内蒙古呼和浩特·统考中考真题）It’s long been a scientific dream: to give people a special vaccine before birth to prevent them from getting terrible illnesses. Gene editing (基因编辑) is one way in which we could do this. But this method has also created some discussion.In an online video posted on Nov. 26, 2018, He Jiankui, a researcher at the Southern University of Science and Technology, said that he had helped to make the world’s first genetically edited babies.The babies are twin girls who were born in November. Their father had HIV. The twins’ genes were edited in order to prevent them from suffering from the HIV virus.He said he chose to do this because HIV is widespread in China. “I feel such a strong duty not only to be the first to do this, but also to set an example,” he told AP.But his actions caused many questions. Although gene editing may help to prevent disease, many people are wondering if it is safe and ethical to use it on humans.Some believe that gene editing could be useful to HIV patients. HIV is “a large and growing public health problem”, according to Harvard Medical School genetic professor George Church. Using gene editing for HIV is “a good idea”, Church told AP.However, others think that gene editing is still in its experimental periods and could result in terrible changes. “It could cause genetic problems later in life, including the development of cancer,” Julian Savulescu from the University of Oxford told BBC News.Others fear that people might use gene editing technology to make “designer (设计的) babies”. It would giveparents the ability to choose everything from their baby’s eye colour to their IQ.“You could find wealthy parents buying the latest ‘upgrades’ for their children, leading to even greater unfairness than we already live with,” Marcy Darnovsky, director of the San Francisco Center for Genetics told BBC News.32．What do we know about He Jiankui?A．He was the first person to edit genes.B．He made the twins suffer from HIV when he edited their genes.C．He made the world’s first genetically edited babies.D．He was the first person whose genes were edited.33．Who agreed that gene editing could be helpful to HIV patients?A．George Church.B．Julian Savulescu.C．Marcy Darnovsky.D．Chinese researchers.34．The underlined word “ethical” in the passage probably means “________”.A．合乎常情的B．道德的C．有价值的D．有效的35．According to the story, we know that gene editing ________.A．is supported by the writer B．is good for wealthy peopleC．causes some heated argument D．has been used widely in the UK36．What does “designer babies” mean in the passage?A．Parents can change their baby’s eye colour.B．Parents are able to choose their baby’s height.C．Parents can give their baby everything that he or she likes.D．Parents have a chance to prevent their baby from suffering from the virus.（2021·江苏泰州·统考中考真题）Just the other day, I was in a bookshop and found a book named How to make friends with foreigners. As a Canadian living in China for a year, I was curious to see what kind of advice a Chinese writer giving on this matter.One piece of advice really caught my attention and, I must say, made me feel quite angry. In the writer’s opinion, foreigners are an "opportunity (机会)" to improve your oral English; whenever you see a foreigner, American or English, you should practise speaking English with him or her. If the foreigner doesn’t want toanswer your questions, then he or she is a rude person who you wouldn’t want to spend time with anyway. I think this advice is not only incorrect, but also may harm the relationship between Chinese and foreigners in China.Like most other "Lao Wai" living in China, I know how lonely one can sometimes feel living in a culture different from our own familiar (熟悉的) ways. However, I simply accept as part of being here. So far my time in China has been rewarding. I have improved my Chinese language skills, learned about one of the fastest developing countries in the world today and made some very close Chinese friends.However, I have also met many Chinese people who consider me only as an "opportunity" to improve their oral English. I have had people following me from town to my flat to trouble me to teach them English. I have had complete strangers throwing articles or speeches in my face, insisting that I help them with the English translation.I have had people asking me non-stop questions for half an hour at the weekly English Corner ...Friendship for a lot of foreigners is about spending time with someone whose company (陪伴) they really enjoy. So if there is any advice to give on making and keeping friendships with foreigners, I would say that it is this: Treat foreigners as people, not opportunities. Expect to make friendships step by step, over a period of time, not in a rush. ________ If your only reason for becoming fiends with a foreigner is to improve your English, then you will probably find that you don’t have a foreign friend for long.37．Where is the writer of this passage from?A．America B．China C．Canada D．England38．Why is the writer of the passage interested in the book "H ow to make friends with foreigners"?A．Because he wants to have some more close Chinese Friends.B．Because he has greatly improved his Chinese language skills,C．Because no Chinese people would like to make friends with him.D．Because he wants to know about the Chinese writer’s advice on this topic.39．According to the writer of the book "How to make friends with foreigners", ________.A．his advice may make foreigners angryB．it is rude of you to ask a foreigner questionsC．you should choose a good foreigner to practise English withD．don’t waste time on a foreigner who doesn’t answer your questions40．In the fourth paragraph, the writer uses "I have had…" three times, because ________.A．he had no better sentences to express his ideas.B．he wanted to show how he hated to make friends with Chinese.C．he wanted to show how he hated to be treated as an “opportunity”.D．he met Chinese who wanted to make friends with him only three times.41．Which sentence may be the best to fill in the "________" in the last paragraph?A．True friendships stand (经得起) the test of time.B．Learn about different cultures to make real friends.C．Friends are about opportunities or personal advantages.D．There’s real friendship between people from different countries.（2020·浙江衢州·统考中考真题）On a June afternoon in 1752, the sky began to get dark over the city. As the storm broke, most people surely hurried inside, but not Benjamin Franklin. He decided it was the perfect time to fly a kite. Franklin had been waiting for a chance like this. He wanted to show the connection between lightning(闪电) and electricity, and to do so, he needed a storm.He walked into field, and flew a kite with a piece of rope tied to it. A key was tied to the rope. The lightning hit the kite, and electricity passed through the rope to the key. Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock(电击). This, he said, proved(证明) the electrical nature of lightning.For many years, schools have taught the story of Franklin’s experiment. Millions of schoolchildren have been amazed by his courage and his scientific spirit of looking for the truth. However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact. Although Franklin’s experiment took place, more than one scientist has questioned what really happened. It’s true that he did the experiment with the rope and the key. But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock.Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to find out the facts. Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’s head. Many reports suggest that although the falling apple certainly provided ideas, there is nothing to show that the apple actually hit him on the head.In fact, fiction is often more interesting than the truth. People have been more encouraged by Franklin’s spirit than by the facts themselves. But in science, facts should be tested by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear even if it is a great story.42．Franklin did the experiment in order to prove ________.A．he was an excellent scientistB．flying a kite in the storm was safeC．he was not afraid of lightningD．lightning was a form of electricity43．The underlined word “fiction” probably means something ________.A．not trueB．quite differentC．not safeD．quite necessary44．Some scientists questioned whether Franklin ________ in the experiment.A．flew a kiteB．touched the keyC．was presentD．discovered electricity45．The purpose of the passage is to tell us ________.A．Franklin’s spirit is encouragingB．fiction is more interesting than the truthC．Franklin’s experiment is not realD．we shouldn’t always believe accepted ideas（2020·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·统考中考真题）When Chinese people talk about the mouse, they are likely it as greedy and dishonest. It mainly comes from a Chinese folk story about the cat and the mouse.One day, the mouse and the cat made an appointment to attend a competition held by the Jade Emperor. It would decide the zodiac animals. However, the mouse did not wake the cat up and at last won by riding on the ox’s back. So the mouse ranked first on the 12 Chinese zodiac signs, and because of that, people think the mouse betrayed his friend.Probably not! Human culture is funny. There are always different ways to look at the same thing.In another folk story, people treated the mouse as a great hero. It's said that the mouse created the world by taking a bite of heaven, bringing light to humans. It helped people survive by stealing firewood and grain seeds （种子）. As a result, many people respect the mouse by offering food and praying for success.Since mice live together in societies and have many babies with a high survival rate, the also represent cooperation（合作）and reproduction. With all these qualities, it's believed that people born in the Year of the。
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中考真题——议论文阅读10篇1.2019年江西，17——20题，17分谈语言王力语言是人们表达思想感情的工具，是人们进行文学创作、新闻写作和其他一切写作的工具。
我们既然爱好写作，又想在这方面成才，就不能不首先掌握好这个工具，而且要像木匠爱斧锯、画家爱颜料、战士爱武器那样爱我们赖以进行工作的工具。
许多写文章的人，从中学生到大学教授，从新闻记者到作家，拿起笔来总想我现在是写文章，跟说话不一样，要把语言装饰得“华丽”一点，把语句表达得“文雅”一点，把文章写得“美妙”一点。
于是总想造一些时髦的句子，东拐西缠多绕一些弯子。
实际呢?弄巧成拙，适得其反。
他们不懂得，文章脱离了口语，脱离了人民大众的语言，就不可能是准确、鲜明、生动的。
有一篇描写英雄到大海救人的报道说：“他冒着刺骨的寒风，迈着冻僵的双脚跳入了沸腾的大海。
”这是一个很费解又不准确的句子，作者在说话时绝不会这么说，这叫“故作姿态”。
还有篇报道，出现“他冒着七月流火在圩堤上东奔西走”这样的句子。
“七月流火”出自《诗经》，指夏历七月星辰位置的移动，并不指天气炎热。
用“七月流火”形容天气炎热就不对。
我们平常说话从不这样说，可能说“冒着烈火”、“顶着烈日”，如果说“我冒着七月流火怎样怎样……”肯定要被人大笑一番。
著名散文家朱自清晚年的作品比他早年的作品好，他晚年的作品更受读者欢迎，我自己就爱看他晚年的作品。
这是什么原因呢?我认为重要的一点就是话怎么说，文章就怎么写。
他早年的作品语句过于修饰、做作，读起来很绕口，理解就更不容易了。
他晚年的作品朴素、自然、平易近人，就很受读者欢迎。
这对我们后人是一种启发。
是不是说口语与书面语没有区别呢?也不是的。
文章是有组织的语言，在这一点上，也可以说文章和语言不一样。
我们平常说话的时候，往往不假思考，想到哪里就说到哪里，有时候语言不连贯，甚至前后矛盾，句子不合逻辑，不合语法。
有的同志在小组会上发言头头是道，娓娓动听，但是人家把他的话记录下来，仔细看一下，却又会发现毛病百出，缺乏逻辑性和科学性。
所以，我不反对对口语加工。
并且，我一直是主张口语要经过加工才能上升为书面语。
报刊上使用的语言更要认真推敲，反复斟酌，不要以讹传讹。
报刊上的语言往往要被读者仿效，因而更应该强调准确性，规范化。
否则，会在语言文字的运用上制造混乱。
比如，我曾在《人民日报》上发表过意见，认为“最好水平”这个说法在口语中运用勉强说得过去，而在报刊上运用就不对了。
“水平’，原意是水的平面，水的平面永远是平的，只有高低之分，没有好坏之分。
因此，说“最好水平”，是违背事理的。
但是，至今有些报刊还在使用“最好水平”这个词。
又比如，有的报刊批评某些人对事情采取满不在乎的态度时，习惯用“不以为然”这个词。
这也是不对的。
“不以为然”是“不以为如此”或“不以为对”的意思，而不是“满不在乎”的意思。
从这里我们再一次看到了不能随便运用口语。
但是在将口语上升到书面语的时候，一定不能忘了它的目的是什么，出发点是什么，这就是要使读者能读懂。
在对口语进行加工时，既要考虑规范化，又要考虑大众化，要能够被读者领会、理解。
否则，这种上升就失去了意义!有些话本不符合书面语的要求，不准确，也不规范，但由于说习惯了，改不过来，叫什么“约定俗成”。
谁“约定”的呢?恐怕总是从少数人说错开始，一直不去纠正它，变成“俗成”的吧!所以，不要把“约定俗成”拿来作语病的挡箭牌，该规范化的，能够规范化的，还是要尽量规范化。
语言应该是发展的，规范的标准也不是固定不变的，不可能一劳永逸。
17.通览全文，作者谈论了语言运用问题，重点阐述了哪两个观点? (4分)18.文章在论述两个观点时都运用了事实论据，试各选-处分析其作用。
（4分）19、对于语言规范化问题，文章从哪几个方面进行了论述?（3分）20.概括文章的语言特点。
（2分）答案：17.(1)文章脱离了口语,脱离了人民大众的语言,就不可能是准确、鲜明、生动的。
(2)口语要经过加工才能上升为书面语。
18.(示例)文章在论述第一个观点时,以一篇报道中误用“七1 自然、平易近人、通俗易懂,月流火”形容天气炎热的事例论证观点,增强了文章的说服力;文章在论述第二个观点时,以报刊上一直错误使用词语“最好水平“的事例论证观点,增强了文章的说服力。
19.文章从三个方面进行了补充论述:一是写文章要有读者意识,既要考虑规范化,又要考虑大众化;二是不要把“约定俗成”拿来作语病的挡箭牌,要尽量规范化;三是规范的标准要适应语言的发展。
20.文章语言朴实自然，又不凡生动。
2.2019甘肃兰州A卷，17——20题，13分焕发自省的力量何聪①自古以来，我们的先贤在修身养性、练达自身等方面，都十分重视自省的力量。
唯有自省，人才会变得克己谨慎，不断反思审视自身的过失，真正去纠正错误、解决问题，避免小过失发展成大错误。
很多人回首自己来路、盘点人生得失时感慨，正是自省精神让自己从歧途走向正路，从缺陷走向完善。
在相当意义上说，自省精神是人生最大的财富，是让自己减少失误、错误，实现自我净化提高的有力武器。
②“泾溪石险人兢慎，终岁不闻度人；却是平流无石处，时时说有沉沧，”危急时刻，人们往往会警题自己，反省自己的不足，补齐自身的短板。
而在平常时候，人们则容易失去警觉，习惯于从自身利益的角度去思考问题，判断是非，而不是检视自己有无不足，缺点和失误。
当自省机制失去效力，几事责人而不自省，只我别人毛病，而不钱自已原因，位往会使小纠纷酿成大事故，正所谓：“各自责，天清地宁；各相责，天翻地覆。
”③自省的力量，首先在子可以“立已”，古人云“躬自厚而薄责于人，则远怨矣”，极言自省是修身养性，提升境界的重要方法。
《世说新语》载，周处年少时面强气，为乡里所患，与蛟、虎并称为“三害”。
乡人怂愚他打虎擒蛟，巴望两败俱伤，同归于尽。
周处射虎杀三日，回来后得知人们以为他已死而皆相庆贺，始悟乡人患已之甚，乃“有自改意”，由此弃愚从善，终为忠臣孝子。
今天，我们讲自省，对思想、工作，生活点滴及细节予以检视，客观地看待自我，清醒地查我不足，其意义并非止于忏悔，而在于超越自我，促进自我认知、自我完善，不断唤醒善意良知，不断升华人格。
④自省的力量，还在于能够“达人”，“一纸书来只为墙，让他三尺又何妨”，桐城六尺巷这一古今佳话从一个侧面告诉我们，凡事首先反省自己的不足并付诸改正的行动，往往会收到意想不到的效果。
一事当前，我们首先反省自已的错误，对方多半就会有正向的反应，即便一时没有也报之以宽容，很多问题就会在无形中化解了。
对于一个社会来说，每个人都能唤醒自省意识，焕发自省力量，就会形成向上向善的良性循环，重品行、讲道德、守规矩就会蔚然成风。
⑤善于自省的人富有人格魅力，善于自省的民族受到世人敬重。
处身现代社会，以“吾三省吾身”的精神，反躬自省自身的规则意识、道德品行、言行举止，在自省中知敬畏、受警醒、明方向，我们就将在不断自我约束中实现自我完善，进而共同提升社会文明的水位。
选自2018年12月11日《人民日报》，有删改。
17.选文告诉我们的一个道理是。
（限30个字以内）18.阅读全文，判断下列说法，不正确的一项是（）A．选文先提出观点，再分别论述观点，最后进行总结：这是总分总式结构。
B．第②段论述的重点是：人们危机时刻应反省自己的不足，补齐自身的短板。
C．选文引用周处自省改过的事例，论证自省可以修身养性、提升境界的道理。
D．第⑤段总结焕发自省力量的意义：实现自我完善，进而共同提升社会文明水位。
19.选文第②段和③④段调换位置是否影响文意的表达？请谈谈你的观点和理由。
20.第③段除举例论证外，还采用了哪种论证方法？有什么作用？答案：（1）自省精神是人生最大的财富，是让自己减少失误错误、实现自我净化提高的有力武器。
（2）B。
（3）选文第②段和③④段调换位置会影响文意的表达。
因为第②段论述了凡事责人而不自省的不良后果，由此说明自省的重要作用，由此引出下文自省的力量的论述，这样的论证思路符合人们的认知规律。
如果调换了，则不符合人们的认知规律，所以，选文第②段和③④段调换位置会影响文意的表达。
（4）第③段除举例论证外，还采用了道理论证方法。
引用了“泾溪石险人兢慎，终岁不闻度人；却是平流无石处，时时说有沉沧”及“各自责，天清地宁；各相责，天翻地覆。
”的俗语，充分有力的论证了自省精神是人生最大的财富，是让自己减少失误、错误，实现自我净化提高的有力武器。
的论点。
使论证更概括、深入，更具权威性，增强了文章的说服力3.2019内蒙古包头，20——23题，12分读书箴言当我们不假思索拿书来读时，会觉得很轻松，而事实上我们的头脑已成为刷人思想的运动场了。
这样，读书愈多，思维能力反而弱化，犹如时常骑马的人步行能力必定较差，道理是相同的。
一条弹簧如果久受外物力压迫，会失去弹性。
我们的精种也一样，如常受别人思想的压力，也会失去弹性而变得麻痹。
以人的身体而论，我们所吃的东西并不能百分百被吸收，精神方面的营养亦同，身体靠食物维持健康，精神靠读物日渐丰富，但身体只吸收能吸收的东西。
同样的道理，读书人也仅能记住他所感兴趣的东西，也就是适合于他的感想体系或吻合他阅读目的的那些东西。
作家各有专擅，例如雄辩，豪放、简洁、优雅、轻快、诙谐、精辟、纯朴、文采绚丽、表现大胆等，然而这些特点并不是读他们作品就可学来的。
如果我们自己天生就有着这些特质，也许可因读书而受到启发，发现自己的天赋，以此为榜样加以应用，这样我们才能有类似的优点。
这样的读书可教我们如何发挥自己的天赋，也可借以培养写作能力，但须以和己有这些禀赋为先决条件。
书籍中也有无数的坏书，像野兽伤害五谷，使它们枯死。
读它们不但无益且危害甚大。
因此，我们读书之前要慎重选择。
一般人通常只读新出版的书，而不愿读前贤的容睿智作品。
有许多书，专门介绍或评论古代的大思想家，一般人喜欢读这些书，却不读那些思想家的原著。
他们宁愿让它摆在书架上，太可惜了！因为他们只顾赶时髦，他们觉得那些浅薄无聊的话比大人物的思想更容易理解，没有别的事情比读名著更能给我们精神上的快乐，我们拿起一本这样的书来，即使只读半小时，也会觉得无比轻松、愉快、清净、超逸，仿佛汲饮清冽的泉水般舒适。
这是由于古代语言之优美，更是因为作者的伟大和眼光之深远，其作品要历经千年，仍无损其价价值。
买书又有读书的时间，这是最好的，但是一般人往往是买而不读，读而不精，重要的书都应该再读一遍，一是因再读能更深入理解内容，再则是读第二次时，会有与第一次读时不同的情调和心境，犹如在不同的照明中看一件东西一样。
（作者：德国叔本华有政动）20.（4分）本文围绕“读书”写了哪些方面的内容？21.（2分）简述本文首段论述的特点。
22.（各分）文中画线语句写得入情入理，作者是如何做到这点的？23.（3分）以你读过的一部经典作品为例，说说它对你心灵世界产生了怎样的积极影响？答案：20.（4分）只读书不思考的弊端；读书要结合自己的禀赋才可学到作者的优点；读书要慎重选择，多读思想家原著，要读名著，书买来要读，重要的书还要多读才能有更多的收获。