湖南省长沙市一中等四大名校2014届高三下学期3月联考物理试题(word版)
湖南省湘中名校2014届高三第一次大联考物理试题 Word版含答案
BB ′湖南省湘中名校2014届高三第一次大联考物理试题物 理时量： 90 分钟 满分：100分(考试范围：物理 必修一)一、选择题（共48分，1--8小题只有一个选项正确，9--12小题有多个选项正确，全部选对的得4分，选对但不全的得2分，有选错的得0分） 1、下列说法正确的是 ( )A ．若物体运动速率始终不变，则物体所受合力一定为零B ．若物体的加速度均匀增加，则物体做匀加速直线运动C ．若物体所受合力与其速度方向相反，则物体做匀减速直线运动D ．若物体在任意相等时间内位移相等，则物体做匀速直线运动2、一物体沿光滑斜面由静止开始匀加速下滑，当下滑距离为L 时，物体速度为V ，当物体的速度是V/2时，它沿斜面下滑的距离是（ ）3、下列关于超重、失重现象的讨论，正确的是（ ）A ．体操运动员双手握住单杠吊在空中不动时处于失重状态B ．游泳运动员仰卧在水面静止不动时处于失重状态C ．举重运动员在举起杠铃后不动的那段时间内处于超重状态D ．蹦床运动员离开蹦床在空中上升和下落过程中都处于失重状态4、将一物体以某一速度从地面竖直向上抛出，设物体在运动中所受空气阻力与其速度大小成正比，则物体（ ） A.在最高点的加速度为零 B.上升时间大于下落时间C.落回地面时的速度小于开始抛出去时的速度D.上升时的加速度等于下落时的加速度5、如图，用OA 、OB 两根轻绳将物体悬于两竖直墙之间，开始时OB 绳水平。
现保持O 点位置不变，改变OB 绳长使绳端由B 点缓慢上移至B ′点，此时OB ′与OA 之间的夹角θ<90°。
设此过程中OA 、OB 的拉力分别为F OA 、F OB ，下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．F OA 逐渐增大B ．F OA 逐渐减小C ．F OB 逐渐增大D ．F OB 逐渐减小6、如图,放在桌面上的A,B,C 三个物块重均为100N,小球P 重20N ，作用在B 的水平力F=20N,整个系统静止，则（ ） A.A 和B 之间的摩擦力是20N B.B 和C 之间的摩擦力是20N C.物块C 受六个力作用 D.C 与桌面间摩擦力为20N7、用恒力作用于质量为m 1的物体，使物体产生的加速度大小为a 1，该力作用于质量为m 2的物体时，物体产生的加速度大小为a 2；若将该恒力作用于质量为(m 1＋m 2)的物体时，产生的加速度大小为( ) A.a 1＋a 2 B.a 1－a 2 C.21a aD.2121a a a a +8、如图，竖直放置在水平面上的轻质弹簧上放着质量为2kg 的物体A ，处于静止状态，若将一个质量为3kg 的物体B 竖直向下轻放在A 上的一瞬间，则B 对A的压力大小为（取g=10m/s 2）（ ）A.0B.12NC.20ND.30N9、 t ＝0时，甲乙两汽车从相距70km 的两地开始相向行驶，它们的v －t图象如图所示.忽略汽车掉头所需时间.下列对汽车运动状况的描述正确的是（ ） A.在第1小时末，乙车改变运动方向 B.在第2小时末，甲乙两车相距10km C.在前4小时内，乙车运动加速度的大小总比甲车的大D.在第4小时末，甲乙两车相遇10、物块M 位于斜面上，受到平行于斜面的水平力F 的作用处于静止状态，如图，如果将外力F 撤去，则物块：（ ）A ．会沿斜面下滑B ．摩擦力方向一定变化C ．摩擦力的大小变大D ．摩擦力的大小变小11、如图，倾角为θ的斜面体C 置于水平地面上，小物块B 置于斜面上，通过细绳跨过光滑的定滑轮与物体A 相连接，连接B 的一段细绳与斜面平行，已知A 、B 、C 都处于静止状态。
湖南省长沙市一中等四大名校2014届高三下学期3月联考英语试题
湖南省长沙市一中等四大名校2014届高三下学期3月联考英语试题（word版）Part II Language Knowledge （45 marks）Section A （15 marks）Directions For each of the following unfinished sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D．Choose the one that best completes the sentence．21．With the tourist trade booming, the residents of this area are paying more attention to the protection of nature, ____, of course, is of great importance．A．that B．whichC．what D．whether22．—Have you found your lost eraser?—Yes, already．It was just under my nose, ____ beside a leg of my desk．A．lying B．having lainC．to lie D; laying2 3．—The concert held at the City Theater last night was really impressive．—Yes, ____．A．I can ^t agree more B．I agree too muchC．I don't agree too much D．I agree more24．Some young people always take it for granted that only if we have enough money ___ a happy life．A．we can live B．we will liveC．do we live D．can we live25．The football team as well as the coach ____ to the TV show to talk about their experiences during the past few years．A．has been invited B．has invitedC．have been invited D．have invited2 6．Don't doubt the possibility we declared yesterday ____ we will surely win the game in spite ofall the difficulties．A．that B．whichC．when D．whether27．I should have forgotten all about my mother's demand that I buy some fruits home for the evening, ____．A．if not reminding B．if not remindedC．although reminded D．although not reminding2 8．—Don't you know that a group of teenagers from the USA are coming to visit our school?—Yes．____ past the headmaster^ office I happened ____ him talking about it with some other teachers．A．Walking; to hear B．To walk; to hearC．Walked; hearing D．Having walked; having heard29．To our surprise, ____ much effort has been made, the cause of the accident has not been found out．A．because B．althoughC．unless D．how30．—Why haven't you decided what present to buy for your mom‟s birthday?—As you know, there are too many pretty things in the stores ___, and it's really hard to make a decision．A．to be chosen from B．being chosen fromC．chosen from D．to choose from31．—Will you come to the lecture beginning at 9 tomorrow morning?—Sorry, but I ___ some guests from our sister-city at that time．A．will meet B．am going to meetC．will be meeting D．am meeting32．Mary can have lost some weight, but she ____ too much because of her convenience of eating at the restaurant run by her parents．A．had eaten ．B．eatsC．will eat D．ate33．—Susan speaks Chinese fluently．—That is because she ____ in China for more than 5 years．A．had lived B．is livingC．lived D．will live34．—Where can I find Jim this time?—You ____go to the gym．He ____ take some exercise this time every day．A．can; need B．May; willC．may; must D．can; shall35．I find it really confusing, for I ______ much homework all these years but I just can't improve my Math a lot．A．have done B．didC．am doing D．have been doingSection B （18 marks）Directions For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D．Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context．I break off a piece of candy and take pleasure in its sweet outside and the bitter, dark chocolate inside, thinking of my own life．Being raised by a single parent was a bitter-sweet experience, which gave me motivation and ambition．There were several years that have left an extremely 36 taste in my mouth -my mother married a man and moved my sister, Emily, and me several states away from our hometown．The first few months were sweet; baseball games, family trips to the mall, dinners and movies together．Then things 37 ．Baseball became too expensive, and trips to the mall were replaced by days Emily and I spent isolated in our rooms under our stepfathers orders．Moreover, screaming 38 between him and our mother always interrupted our dinners．We spent five years living in a family that had turned into a war zone．Emily and I almost grew_39_this situation．Then one evening, after another argument had erupted, we left home．I was 14, my sister 11, and we were __40__, A friend of my mother let us stay with her．____41_ focusing on our economic instability, my mother selflessly pushed me to 42 success．She wanted me to lead a more comfortable life than hers．She worked long hours every night to pay her __43_ ．Meanwhile, she would find time to read and play with Emily and me．Mom taught me the44 of perseverance and education．We finally settled in Texas．And now, writing this essay with my favorite candy close 45 , I realize my family and I are at the best points of our lives．I haven't let the 46 times stop me from making achievements, both academically and personally．I know that a bitter environment can provide good learning 47 , and that success, even more than candy, is the sweetest treat of all．36．A．delicious B．interesting C．dull D．bitter 37．A．continued B．changed C．damaged D．disappeared 38．A．matches B．games C．debates D．lectures 39．A．familiar with B．similar to C．used to D．interested in 40．A．homeless B．lucky C．educated D．wealthy 41．A．Rather than B．Thanks to C．Instead of D．More than 42．A．fight with B．struggle for C．long for D．dream of 43．A．houses B．life C．rent D．bills 44．A, price B．cost C．process D．value 45．A．by hand B．at．hand C．on hand D．hand m hand 46．A．trying B．unbelievable C．irreplaceable D．enjoyable 47．A．stories B, lessons C．experiences D．skillsSection C （12 marks）Directions Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context．W edding days are often considered the most important days of many people‟s lives．For this reason alone, throughout the past and into modern day, numerous customs and superstitions have developed about the wedding event, 48．hopes of creating "The Perfect Day'!A very common custom still honored today is in reference to 49．time-old saying, Something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue, and a silver sixpence inside your shoe. So old is this saying 50．ttracing it back to its origination is nearly impossible, Some contribute it to Victorian times, 51．say it is even older than that．The old- is believed to be the friends 52．the family attending the wedding．The -new9 is represented by the couple themselves, as a 'new5 union．The Borrowed" is something 53．the．famiiies that is to be returned, such as the bride -s wedding dress, or the veil．Something -blue' is often interpreted to represent the bride's virginity （童真）, 54．throughout time has come to represent the purity'of a woman．The sixpence can be any form of money, hidden into the brides shoe, to bring wealth, both in monetary means and love, 55．the union．Part III Reading Comprehension （30 marks）AScientists fear rising energy bills may lead to an increase in obesity （肥胖）after discovering a link between poorly-heated homes and higher body -fat．Researchers from the University of Stirling‟s Behavioural Science Centre set out- to explore claims that warm indoor temperatures have contributed to rising obesity levels in winter．Instead, the team found that people who live in well-heated homes are more likely to have low body mass index （体重指数）levels while, those who keep their heating turned down or off tend to be heavier．Dr Michael Daly, behavioral scientist and senior lecturer, said "We set out to investigate thescientific claims that cooler indoor temperatures help us maintain a healthy weight by pushing our bodies to use up more energy．In fact, the research suggests people may eat less and burn more energy when in a warmer indoor environment．The 13-year study, published in the journal Obesity, involved more than 100,000 adults across England．Researchers found reduced weight levels among people living in homes heated to above 23°C （73F）, which involved about 15,000 of the households studied．Dr Daly said "As national gas bills continue to rise faster than the rate of inflation, this research suggests the obesity could worsen where heating is turned down below comfortable levels or off for long periods to cut costs．"This is not just about people who live in well-heated homes being in the financial position to afford more expensive low-calorie foods, exercise classes and sporting activities, and therefore finding it easier to maintain a low BMI level．The study took age, sex, social class and other factors into account．"The comfortable temperature of 20°C -23°C is where we feel comfortable in our clothes and are neither hot nor cold．At temperatures above this, we use more energy and we eat less because our appetite is affected．"56．Scientists are worried about the rising energy bills because ____．A．many fat people are poorB．well-heated rooms cost more moneyC．the poor will have to pay more moneyD．poorly-heated rooms cost more57．The findings of the research can be described as ___．A．horrible B．surprisingC．funny D．encouraging58．According to the passage, with rising gas bills, people may turn down or off their heating to A．stay in shape B．maintain a low BMI levelC．save money D．avoid eating more59．What can we learn from the passage?A．Cooler indoor temperatures help us maintain a healthy weight．B．People in well-heated homes exercise more．C．Weight levels increase among people living in homes heated to above 23@C ．D．Temperatures above 20‟C -23'C affect our appetite．60．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A．Obesity links to poorly-heated homesB．Well-heated home's contribute to obesityC．Obesit a weighty problem in EnglandD．Rising energy bills help maintain a healthy weightB''If you can see the magic in a fairytale （童话）, you can face the future．” - Danielle Steel Who have not read fairytales? We all have had the experience of taking great delight in the beauty and innocence of fairytales．May it be Cinderella or Sleeping Beauty．fairytale is a word which cannot be new to us．But have．you ever travelled ages back to the earliest of times and uncovered the fascinating facts about these stories?The history of the -fairytale is particularly difficult to track．The oral tradition of the fairytale came long before the written page．The oldest known fairytales date back to ancient Egypt around 1000 B．C, and now, after travelling through various periods of time, they have grown and matured in various aspects and have become the most popular forms of stories for young children．characters and themes of fairytales are simple, and similar, Princesses and goose girls, youngest sons and orave princes, wicked, stepmothers, fairy godmothers, talking animals, glass mountains, witches, castles and the like．The tale goes into an unreal world and in this never-never land our heroes kill the enemy, succeed to kingdoms and marry the ever" beautiful princesses．W．H Auden said, The way to read a fairytale is to throw yourself in．" It is very true indeed or you will not be able to feel the ecstasy of reading a fairytale．So whenever you read a fairytale, imagine you are．the hero/heroine and you will be carried to a mysterious land where everything will be as you Every child believes in fairies（仙女）, dragons, etc．Yet, as we grow up we fail to believe in these fantasy-based characters．Fairytales are told to children when they are young．This is very essential indeed, for if in the beginning of our lives, our minds are touched by the beauty, innocence and the morals in these tales, we will be able to obtain the optimistic side of happenings．In life, sometimes, believing in such mystics can lead to supreme happiness．W ell, I don‟t know about you, but I do believe in fairies… and who knows I may someday meet one because, after all, believing is just the beginning! And as J.M. Barries said, “When you say I don‟t believe in fairies, a fa iry somewhere drops dead.” And I wouldn‟t want anyone dead on my account, would you?61．In Paragraph I, the．writer mentioned Cinderella and Sleeping Beauty to __ A．tell the beauty and innocence of the．fairytalesB．present us the fascinating facts behind themC．show us that fairytales are something we are familiar withD．describe his feeling towards fairytales62．What does "this never-never land" in Paragraph 3 refer to?A．The unreal world．B．The ancient Egypt．C．The kingdoms．D．The grassland, the castle and the like 63．The underlined word '"ecstasy" in Paragraph 3 probably means "___A．mystery B．innocenceC．delight D．the optimistic side64．Why is it important to tell the fairytales to the children when young?A．Because they can gain supreme happiness．B．ecause it is easier for the children to throw themselves in the roteC．Because they tend to have wild imaginationD．Because when they see the magic in the tales in the beginning, they can face the future 65．How do you understand the sentence in the last paragraph "When you say I don't believe in fairies, a fairy somewhere drops dead.” ?A．If you don‟t believe in the tales, the fairy will be really sad．B．We need the beauty, innocence, and moral of the fairytales to stay optimistic．C．If nobody believes in us, we will be heartbroken．D．The writer is just trying to be humorous by saying this．CWhen you hear about a man saving his dog from a sinking ship, it's hard not to be moved bythe tale of an animal lover's bravery．But the story becomes slightly less heroic when you learn that the man saved his dog before his own wife．But that's apparently what happened when Graham Annie and his wife, Cheryl, found their Yacht（游艇）sinking after it hit a rock, while on a voyage from East London to Madagascar．National Sea Rescue Institute North London station commander Geoff McGregor said all three were wearing life jackets．The 9-year-old Jack Russell terrier named Rosie was wearing a tailored life jacket equipped with a light．"As the incident happened Graham sent a radio distress call for help and activated the EPIRB （a GPS beacon）but they were immediately forced to abandon ship," McGregor said in an interview, "He first swam Rosie to the shore safely before returning for his wife, whose safety line had caught on the steering gear McGregor added．The couple and their dog all made it out free of injury．Graham, a long-time volunteer with the National Sea Rescue Institute, said, "it was humbling to have the shoe on the other foot and need to be rescued．"Some details have yet to come out．So, it's likely that Cheryl was in a position of relative safety and Rosie might have been in a more dangerous position had she been left on the boat．The couple did not want to speak with the media about their rescue．So, for now, it's left to readers to find out Graham's priorities during their troubled time．66．Which of the following can best describe the writer's attitude （in Paragraph 1）towards the incident?A．Shocked．B．Curious．C．Ironic （讽刺的）．D．Heart-broken．67．What can we learn from the passage?A．Graham was very wise to save the dog first．B．Graham was not experienced in rescue work．C．Jack Russell terrier is a kind of dog．D．Graham loves his dog better than his wife．68．Graham saved his dog first possibly because____．A．the boat was sinkingB．his wife had a life jacketC．he knew his wife could swimD．the dog might be in a more dangerous situation69．What does Graham …s priorities" refer to?A．Graham‟s decision to save the dog first．B．Why the couple didn‟t want．to speak with the media．C．The cause of the incident．D．Why Graham was so brave at that moment．70．What‟s the purpose of this passage?A．To warn people of the danger of a voyage．B．To find out a man‟s inner world．C．To tell us about a man‟s choice in a boat-sinking incident．D．To present the love between a man and his dog．Part IV Writing （45 marks）Section A （10 marks）Directions Read the following passage．Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage．Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer．Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer,The difference between being successful and being unsuccessful isn‟t how much stress you suffer from, but how you deal with it．Here are four scientifically-proven strategies for defeating tress whenever it strikes．Have self-compassion （自我同情）．It means being willing to look at your mistakes or failures with kindness and understanding-that is, without harsh criticism．A dose of self-compassion when things are at their most difficult can reduce your stress and improve your performance．So remember that to err（犯错）is human, and give yourself a break．Rely on routines．Every time you make a decision you create a state of mental tension that is, in fact, stressful．The solution is to reduce the number of decisions you need to make by having routines．If there's some daily work, do it at the same time every day．Simple routines can dramatically reduce your stress．Take five or ten minutes to do something you find interesting．It doesn‟t matter what it is, so long as it interests you．Recent research shows that interest not only keeps you going, but it also gives you energy．Keep two very important points in mind．First, an interesting thing is not the same thing as something pleasant or relaxing．Secondly, doing something interesting does not have to mean that it's effortless．It helps even when the interesting task is difficult and requires effort．See your work in terms of progress, not perfection．It means we approach the goals we pursue with the Get-Better mindset．A Get-Better mindset leads to self-comparison and a concern with making progress how well are you doing today, compared with how you did yesterday, last month, or last year? When you think about what you are doing in terms of learning and improving, you experience far less stress, and you stay motivated despite all the setbacks．SECTION BDirections Read the following passage．Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and the required words limit．Write your answers on your answer sheet．Founded in March 2005 by Catherine and David Cook, Myyearbook. corn has taken the social networking world by storm. It's. a. feat that is all the more remarkable when you consider its two creators are only 18 and 19, respectively.Three years ago, Catherine and David were looking through their school yearbook-the annual book of photos and memories that is a feature of most American high schools-when they came across a picture of a girl they both knew. "This looks nothing like her, " said David. Catherine agreed. Wouldn't it, they wondered, be much better to do the yearbook online, and let people post their own photos?They were .lucky. Their older brother, Geoff, was already an estabiisned Internet entrepreneur. When his brother and sister mentioned their idea for an online yearbook, he immediately saw its potential to be "as big as Facebook for high school". Geoff offered' US $250,000 to get the yearbook project off the ground, finding a web server to host it and a programming team. in Mumbai, India, to turn it into a website for less than US $ 25,000. It came complete with photo-sharing features and a place for students to outline their extra-curricular.In April 2005, the pair began their campaign to get attention by wearing T-shirts to school emblazoned (装饰) with the slogan, "Are you the prettiest girl in your high school? How about the dumbest? Find out at Myyearbook. corn". Within a week, 200 of their classmates had signed up, Users were offered a free T-shirt for every five people they recruited (吸收新成员) -and within nine months- 950.000 teenagers across America had flocked to the website.This generated interest among companies such as Paramount Films, who began paying up to US $ 500,000 to advertise on the website from July 2007. Suddenly, Myyearbook. corn was bringing inserious income.81．What is new about Catherine and David‟s idea for a yearbook? (No more than 10 words) (2 marks)82. What did the pair do to promote tneir website? (No more than 8 words) (2 marks)83. How did Catherine and David make the website come into being? (No more than 10 words)(3 marks)84. Where did their income mainly come from? (No more than 8 words) (3 marks)Section C (25 marks)Directions Write an English composition according to the instructions given below．某英语杂志社正在举行征稿活动，主题为“梦想点亮人生(Dreams Lighten Life)”，请你用英语写一篇小短文，向该杂志社投稿。
2024届湖南省长沙市四区高三下学期3月调研考试(一模)全真演练物理试卷(基础必刷)
2024届湖南省长沙市四区高三下学期3月调研考试（一模）全真演练物理试卷（基础必刷）一、单项选择题（本题包含8小题，每小题4分，共32分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）(共8题)第(1)题如图，某汽车机舱盖的支撑杆由汽缸和活塞组成。
打开机舱盖时，汽缸内密闭压缩气体膨胀，将机舱盖顶起。
在此过程中，汽缸内气体可视为理想气体，忽略缸内气体与外界的热交换。
对于汽缸内的气体，下列说法正确的是（ ）A．对外做正功，内能增大B．对外做负功，内能减小C．对外做正功，分子平均动能增大D．对外做正功，分子平均动能减小第(2)题2023年8月，新一代“人造太阳”中国环流三号首次实现100万安培等离子体电流下的高约束模式运行，标志着我国在可控核聚变领域达到了国际领先水平。
“人造太阳”内部发生的一种核反应,其反应方程为，已知的比结合能为，的比结合能为，的比结合能为，光在真空中的传播速度为c。
下列说法正确的是（ ）A．核反应方程中X为B．的结合能为C．核反应中的质量亏损可表示为D．半衰期为12.46年，现有100个氚原子核，经过12.46年后剩下50个氚原子核第(3)题已知地球质量为，半径为，引力常量为。
质量为的导弹被发射到离地面高度为时，受到地球的万有引力大小为（ ）A．B．C．D．第(4)题质量为800kg的赛车在平直赛道上以恒定功率加速，受到的阻力不变，其加速度a与速度的倒数的关系如图所示，已知图像斜率k的数值大小为500。
则赛车（ ）A．速度随时间均匀增大B．加速度随时间均匀增大C．赛车运动时发动机输出功率为400kWD．图中b点取值应为0.01，其对应的物理意义表示赛车的最大时速为160km/h第(5)题在x轴上关于O点对称的M、N处各固定一等量点电荷，取x轴正方向为电场强度的正方向，x轴上各点电场强度E随坐标x的变化曲线如图所示。
下列说法正确的是（ ）A．两电荷连线中点O处的电势为零B．x轴上从M点到N点电势先降低后升高C．将一试探电荷从O点沿两电荷连线中垂线移动的过程中电场力不做功D．将一正试探电荷从O点沿两电荷连线中垂线移动的过程中电势能先增大后减小第(6)题如图所示，电源电动势为E，内阻为r，R1是光敏电阻（阻值随光照强度的增大而减小），R2是定值电阻，C是平行板电容器，V1、V2都是理想电压表。
2014年高考湖南雅礼中学、长沙一中高三三月联考
2014年高考（163）湖南雅礼中学、长沙一中高三三月联考高考模拟2014-03-16 1048湖南省雅礼中学、长沙一中高三三月联考语文试题一、语言文字运用（12分，每小题3分）1．下列词语的字形及加点字的读音，全部正确的一组是A．搁浅（gē）叨扰（dāo）一炷香（zhù）闷（mēn）声闷气B．巷道（hàng）整饬（chì）应届生（yīng）飞来横祸（hãng）C．害臊（sào）采撷（xiã）唱双潢（huáng）呼天抢地（q iāng）D．照片（piàn）歼灭（jiān）一沓纸（dá）拾级而上（shâ）1．D。
A．叨扰tāo；闷（mēn）：因空气不流通而引起的感觉：～气，～热。
闷（mân）：心烦，不舒畅：愁～，沉～，郁～，～懑。
B．横hâng，[1]凶暴，不讲理；蛮～，强～，～暴，～蛮。
[2]意外的，不寻常的：～财，～祸，～事，～死。
C．潢改为簧。
D. piān义同“片（piàn）”，用于“相片儿”、“电影片儿”等。
沓（dá）：量词，用于叠起来的纸张或其他薄的东西。
2．下列各句中，加点的词语使用恰当的一项是A．在清楚地看到诸多“颜色革命”带来的严重后果后，越来越多的国家站出来反对以美国为首的西方国家随意践踏别国主权，强行干预别国内政。
B．惠特尼·休斯顿是美国著名歌星，她母亲也是一名出色的福音歌手。
因为受母亲的熏染，惠特尼·休斯顿从小就对歌唱表演表现出浓厚的兴趣。
C．三国时的曹植从小聪敏异常，写诗作文倚马可待，著名的《七步诗》就是在嫉恨他的哥哥曹丕的严加逼迫之下，在短短的七步之内创作而成的。
D．面对各种国际争端，我们要一定时刻保持清醒的头脑，主权问题应寸步不让，意识形态问题可求同存异，其他不触及根本的问题则可大而化之。
C项“倚马可待”特指人的文思敏捷。
2024届湖南省长沙市四区高三下学期3月调研考试(一模)物理试卷
一、单选题二、多选题1. 如图所示，水平面上质量相等的两木块A 、B 用一轻弹簧相连，整个系统处于静止状态，t=0时刻起用一竖直向上的拉力拉动木块，使A 向上做匀加速直线运动，t 1时刻弹簧恰好恢复原长，t 2时刻木块B恰好要离开水平面．以下说法正确的是（ ）A ．在0-t 2时间内，拉力F 与时间t 成正比B ．在0-t 2时间内，拉力F 与A 位移成正比C ．在0-t 2间间内，拉力F 做的功等于A 的机械能增量D ．在0-t 1时间内，拉力F 做的功等于A 的动能增量2. 下列说法正确的是A ．、β、γ射线都属于电磁波B ．变化的磁场一定产生变化的电场C ．5G 信号与4G 信号相比，5G 信号在真空中传播速度大D ．LC 振荡电路中，电容器充电完毕时，回路中电流最小3. 根据你对物理概念和规律的理解，下列说法中正确的是（ ）A ．静止的物体可能受滑动摩擦力作用，运动的物体可能受静摩擦力作用B ．物体的运动状态发生变化时，加速度一定发生了变化C ．摩擦力的大小总是与正压力的大小成正比D ．竖直上抛运动的物体到达最高点时速度为零，加速度也为零4. 如图所示，虚线是电场中的一组平行等差等势面，相邻两等势面间的电势差为，其中等势面的电势为，电子以某初速度从点平行纸面射入，速度方向与等势面夹角为，已知该电子恰好能运动到等势面（不计电子重力）。
下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．电子在电场中做匀减速直线运动B ．电子运动到等势面时动能为0C ．电子运动到等势面时动能为D ．电子返回等势面时动能为5. 在水平地面固定倾角为θ的斜面体，质量为m 的物体在平行于底边、大小为F 的水平力作用下静止于斜面上，如图所示．重力加速度大小为g．该物体受到的摩擦力大小为（ ）A ．FB ．F +mgC ．F +mg sin θD．2024届湖南省长沙市四区高三下学期3月调研考试（一模）物理试卷三、实验题6. 在同一条笔直的公路上行驶的三辆汽车a ，b ，c ，它们的x -t 图像如图所示，汽车a 对应的图像是一条抛物线，其顶点坐标为（0，10m ）。
2024届湖南省长沙市四区高三下学期3月调研考试(一模)物理试卷真题汇编版
一、单选题二、多选题1. 如图所示，甲、乙两块透明介质，折射率不同（均大于1），截面为圆周，半径均为R ，对接成半圆。
一细光束从a 点垂直射入甲中，在甲的边界b 点发生全反射，在乙的边界d 点同时发生反射和折射。
不考虑光线在界面上的反射，，则（ ）A ．介质甲的折射率小于乙的B ．光在甲中的频率大于在乙中的C ．光在甲中的速度小于在乙中的D ．光在甲中的波长大于在乙中的2. 绝缘光滑斜面与水平面成角，一质量为m 、电荷量为－q 的小球从斜面上高h 处，以初速度为切方向与斜面底边MN 平行射入；如图所示，整个装置处在磁感应强度大小为B 的匀强磁场中，磁场方向垂直于MN 且平行于斜面向上。
已知斜面足够大，小球能够沿斜面到达底边MN 。
则下列判断错误的是（ ）A ．小球在斜面上做匀变速曲线运动B ．小球到达底边MN的时间C ．匀强磁场磁感应强度的取值范围为0<B ≤D ．小球所受洛伦兹力逐渐变大3. 已知卫星1绕某星球做匀速圆周运动，轨道半径为R 1，周期为T 1．由于某种原因，该星球表面整个均匀脱落了一层，卫星2绕该星球做匀速圆周运动的轨道半径为R 2=4R 1，周期为T 2．则关于T 2和T 1的关系，下列判断正确的是A ．T 2=8 T 1B ．T 2<8 T 1C ．T 2>8 T 1D ．以上均有可能4. 物体受到两个互相垂直的恒力作用而运动已知力R 做功3J,力F 做功4J,则力R 和F 的合力对物体做功为（ ）A ．7JB ．5JC ．1JD ．1J5. 第19届亚运会在中国杭州召开，下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．在乒乓球比赛中，研究运动员发球时，可将乒乓球视为质点B ．在足球比赛中，球在空中飞行的速度越大，其惯性越大C ．在举重比赛中，·运动员举起杠铃并在空中保持静止状态时，运动员对地面的压力和其对杠铃的支持力是一对平衡力D ．铅球比赛中，不计空气阻力，在空中运动的铅球处于完全失重状态6. 人们有时用“打夯”的方式把松散的地面夯实。
2024届湖南省长沙市四区高三下学期3月调研考试(一模)物理高频考点试卷
2024届湖南省长沙市四区高三下学期3月调研考试（一模）物理高频考点试卷一、单选题 (共7题)第(1)题真空中存在一电场，一带电粒子仅在电场力的作用下从静止开始做直线运动，以起始点为坐标原点，运动方向为正方向，其动能和位移的关系如图所示，下列说法正确的是（）A．此电场为匀强电场B．带电粒子的电势能与粒子的位移是线性关系C．随着位移的增加，粒子的加速度越来越小D．带电粒子的速度与位移成正比第(2)题如图所示，M、N为两个固定在同一水平面上且电荷量相等的正点电荷，在MN连线中点O沿竖直方向固定一光滑绝缘细杆，在O点上方P处静止释放一套在细杆上的带正电小球，运动一段时间后到达O点，不考虑空气阻力的影响，则小球在这一运动过程中，下列情况不可能出现的是（ ）A．小球的加速度一直增大B．小球的加速度先减小后增大C．小球先做加速度减小的加速运动，再做加速度增大的减速运动，再做加速度增大的加速运动D．小球的电势能一直增加第(3)题如图所示是氢原子的能级图，一群氢原子处于量子数的激发态，这些氢原子能够自发地跃迁到较低的能量状态，并向外辐射多种频率的光，用辐射出的光照射图乙光电管的阴极K，已知阴极K的逸出功为，则（ ）A．波长最短的光是原子从激发态跃迁产生的B．波长最长的光是原子从激发态跃迁到基态时产生的C．阴极逸出光电子的最大初动能为D．阴极K逸出光电子的最大初动能与阴极K的逸出功相等第(4)题人原地起跳方式是先屈腿下蹲，然后突然蹬地向上加速，重心上升后离地向上运动，如果人起跳过程中，重心上升至离地前，其加速度与重心上升高度关系如图所示，那么人离地后重心上升的最大高度可达（取）（ ）A．B．C．D．第(5)题用甲、乙两种不同的金属做光电效应的实验，甲的逸出功大于乙的逸出功，在同一坐标系中作出它们的遏止电压随入射光频率v变化的图像，如图所示，其中②、甲、③三条图线相互平行，则乙的图线是（ ）A．①B．②C．③D．④第(6)题如图所示，正方体框架ABCD-，的底面处于水平地面上。
2024届湖南省长沙市四区高三下学期3月调研考试(一模)物理高频考点试卷
2024届湖南省长沙市四区高三下学期3月调研考试（一模）物理高频考点试卷一、单选题 (共6题)第(1)题某质点做直线运动的位置x与时间t的关系图像如图所示。
由图像可知（ ）A．前4秒内，质点先加速运动再匀速运动B．前内质点的位移是2mC．第内质点的位移是D．前内质点的平均速度为第(2)题如图（a），在一块很大的接地金属平板的上方固定一负电荷。
由于静电感应，在金属平板上表面产生感应电荷，金属板上方电场的等势面如图（b）中虚线所示，相邻等势面间的电势差都相等。
若将一正试探电荷先后放于M和N处，该试探电荷受到的电场力大小分别为和，相应的电势能分别为和，则（ ）A．B．C．D．第(3)题如图，将光滑长平板的下端置于铁架台水平底座上的挡板P处，上部架在横杆上。
横杆的位置可在竖直杆上调节，使得平板与底座之间的夹角θ可变。
将小物块由平板与竖直杆交点Q处静止释放，物块沿平板从Q点滑至P点所用的时间t与夹角θ的大小有关。
若由30°逐渐增大至60°，物块的下滑时间t将（ ）A．逐渐增大B．逐渐减小C．先增大后减小D．先减小后增大第(4)题如图甲所示一水平的浅色长传送带上放置一煤块（可视为质点），煤块与传送带之间的动摩擦因数为。
初始时，传送带与煤块都是静止的。
现让传送带在变速电机带动下先加速后减速，传送带的速度-时间图像如图乙所示，假设传送带足够长，经过一段时间，煤块在传送带上留下了一段黑色痕迹，，则下列说法正确的是（ ）A．黑色痕迹的长度为B．煤块在传送带上的相对位移为C．若煤块的质量为，则煤块与传送带间因摩擦产生的热量为D．煤块的质量越大黑色痕迹的长度越长第(5)题简谐横波在同一均匀介质中沿x轴正方向传播，波速为。
若某时刻在波的传播方向上，位于平衡位置的两质点a、b相距为，a、b之间只存在一个波谷，则从该时刻起，下列四副波形中质点a最早到达波谷的是（ ）A．B．C．D．第(6)题真空中两个相同的带等量异种电荷的金属小球A和B（均可看作点电荷），分别固定在两处，两球间静电力大小为F。
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湖南省长沙市一中等四大名校2014届高三下学期3月联考物理试题（word版）本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，时量90分钟，满分110分。
第I卷选择题（共48分）一、选择题（本题共1 2小题，满分48分。
第1～8题只有一个选项正确；第9～12题有多个选项正确，全部选对的得4分，选对但不全的得2分，有选错或不选的得0分）1．关于物理学家所作的科学贡献，下列叙述不符合史实的是A．牛顿在伽利略等人工作的基础上进行深入研究，总结出了物体运动的三个基本定律B．开普勒揭示了行星的运动规律，并提出了行星运动三大定律C．安培发现了电流的磁效应，并提出了分子电流假说D．法国物理学家库仑利用扭秤实验发现了电荷之间的相互作用规律——库仑定律2．一直线上有a、b两点，相距2m，一质点沿该直线做匀变速直线运动，经过1s的时间先后通过a、b两点，则关于该质点通过a、b中点时的速度大小，的下列判断正确的是A．若为匀加速运动，则v>2 m/s，若为匀减速运动，则v<2 m/sB．若为匀加速运动，则v<2 m//s，若为匀减速运动，则v>2 m/sC．无论加速还是减速，都有v>2m／sD．无论加速还是减速，都有v<2m//s3．倾角为θ的斜面体B放置于水平面上，斜面上放置一物体A，A恰能处于静止状态．现给A施加一水平力F，如图所示，A与斜面体B仍处于静止状态，则此时A．地面对B仍没有水平方向的摩擦力B．地面对B有向右的摩擦力C．B对地面的压力等于A、B的总重力D．B对地面的压力大于A、B的总重力4．2013年6月13日13时18分神舟十号与天官一号完成自动交会对接。
可认为天宫一号绕地球做匀速圆周运动，对接轨道所处的空间存在极其稀薄的空气，下面说法正确的是A．如不加干预，天宫一号的轨道高度将缓慢升高B．如不加干预，在运行一段时间后，天宫一号的动能可能会增加C．为实现对接，两者运行速度的大小都应介予第一宇宙速度和第二宇宙速度之间D．航天员在天宫一号中处于失重状态，说明航天员不受地球引力作用5．如图所示，在x轴上方存在着垂直于纸面向里、磁感应强度为B的匀强磁场，一个不计重力的带电粒子从坐标原点O处以速度v进入磁场，粒子进入磁场时的速度方向垂直于磁场且与x轴正方向成120°角，若粒子穿过y轴正半轴后在磁场中到x轴的最大距离为a，则该粒子所带电荷的正负和比荷是A．正电荷，B．正电荷，C．负电荷，D．负电荷，6．如图所示，有一矩形线圈的面积为S，匝数为N，内阻不计，绕OO′，轴在水平方向的磁感应强度为B的匀强磁场中以角速度c做匀速转动，从图示位置由开始计时．矩形线圈通过滑环接一理想变压器，滑动接头P上下移动时可改变输出电压，副线圈接有可调电阻R，下列判断正确的是（B）A．矩形线圈从图示位置经过时间时，磁通量的变化率最大B．矩形线圈产生的感应电动势的瞬时值表达式为C．当P位置不动R增大时，电压表读数也增大D．当P向上移动、R不变时，电流表读数减小7．如图所示，水平匀速转动的传送带左右两端相距L=3．5 m，物块A以水平速度v0=4 m//s滑上传送带左端，物块与传送带间的动摩擦因数μ=0.1，设A到达传送带右端的瞬时速度为v，g取10m／s2，下列说法正确的是A．若传送带速度等于2 m/s，物块可能先减速运动，后匀速直线运动B．若传送带速度等于3.5 m/s，v一定等于3 m/sC．若v等于3 m/s，传送带一定沿逆时针方向转动D．若v等于3 m/s，传送带可能沿顺时针方向转动8．如图甲所示，在竖直方向上有四条间距相等的水平虚线L1、L2、L3、L4，在L3与L4之间存在匀强磁场，磁感应强度大小均为1T，方向垂直于虚线所在平面向里．现有一矩形线圈abcd，宽度cd=L=0.5 m，质量为0．1kg，电阻为2Ω，将其从图示位置静止释放（cd边与L1重合），速度随时间的变化关系如图乙所示，t1时刻cd边与L2重合，t2时刻ab边与L3重合，t3时刻ab边与L4重合，t2～t3之间图线为与t轴平行的直线，t1~t2之间和t3之后的图线均为倾斜直线，已知t1～t2的时间间隔为0.6 s，整个运动过程中线圈平面始终处于竖直方向．（重力加速度g取10 m／s2）．则A．在o～t1时间内，通过线圈的电荷量为2.5 CB．线圈匀速运动的速度大小为8 m/sC．线圈的长度为1mD．0～t3时间内，线圈产生的热量为4.2 J9．如图所示，平行实线表示电场线，但方向未知，一个正电荷的带电量为2×10-2C，该电荷只在电场力作用下由A点移到B点，动能减小了0．2 J，若A点电势为-20 V，则下列判断正确的是A．电场线方向向右B．B点的电势为-10 VC．电荷运动的轨迹可能是图中曲线①D．电荷运动的轨迹可能是图中曲线②10．长沙地铁二号线即将试运行，为了保证行车安全和乘客身体健康，地铁车厢内装有烟雾报警装置，其原理如图所示。
M为纯电阻的烟雾传感器，其阻值R M随着烟雾浓度的改变而变化，电阻R为可变电阻，车厢内有人抽烟时，烟雾浓度增大，导致S两端的电压增大到临界值，S装置发出警报．下列说法正确的是A．RM随烟雾浓度的增大而减小B．RM随烟雾浓度的增大而增大C．若要提高报警灵敏度可增大R D．若要提高报警灵敏度可减小R11．如图所示，将一轻弹簧下端固定在倾角为θ的粗糙斜面底端，弹簧处于自然状态时上端位于A点，质量为，舱的物体从斜面上的B点由静止下滑，与弹簧发生相互作用后，最终停在斜面上．下列说法正确的是A．物体最终将停在A点B．物体第一次反弹后不可能到达B点C．整个过程中重力势能的减少量犬于克服摩擦力做的功D．整个过程中物体的最大动能大子弹簧的最大弹性势能12．如图所示，足够长的传送带与水平方向的倾角为θ，物块a通过平行于传送带的轻绳跨过光滑轻滑轮与物块b相连，b的质量为优，开始时，a、b及传送带均静止且a不受传送带的摩擦力作用，现让传送带逆时针匀速转动，则在b上升高度h（未与滑轮相碰）的过程中A．物块以重力势能减少mghB．摩擦力对a做的功等于a机械能的增加量C．摩擦力对a做的功等于物块a、b动能增加量之和D．任意时刻，重力对a、b做功的瞬时功率大小相等第Ⅱ卷菲选择题（共6 2分）二、填空题（本大题共2题，第13题6分，第1 4题9分，共15分）13．（6分）橡皮筋像弹簧一样，也遵守胡克定律，即在弹性限度内伸长量△x与弹力F成正比，可表达为F=k△x，某同学用铁架台、刻度尺、钩码和待测橡皮筋组成如图所示装置，测定橡皮筋的劲度系数足，通过改变钩码个数测得一系列弹力F与橡皮筋总长度x的值，并作出F一x图象如图．请回答下列问题：（1）若将图线延长与F轴相交，该交点的物理意义是。
（2）由图线计算得该橡皮筋的劲度系数为；（3）橡皮筋的劲度系数是的值与橡皮筋未受到拉力时的长度L、横截面积S有关，理论与实际都表明k=，其中Y是一个由材料决定的常数，材料力学上称之为杨氏模量。
已知该实验所测橡皮筋未受到拉力时圆形横截面的直径D=4．00 mm，则其杨氏模量Y= （2分）14．（9分）有一内阻为30 kΩ的直流电压表V，其刻度盘上所标示的数值模糊不清，但共有30个均匀小格的刻度线是清晰的，并已知量程约为25 V～35 V。
为了测出电压表的量程，现有下列器材可供选用：标准电压表V1：量程3V，内阻3 kΩ；电流表A量程0---3 A，内阻未知；滑动变阻器R总阻值1 kΩ；电E：电动势30 V，内阻不能忽略；电键、导线若干（1）要求测量多组数据，并有尽可能高的精确度，请选择所需要的器材在方框中域出实验电路图。
（3分）（2）选用记录数据中任一组，写出计算量程的表达式U g= 。
式中各字母的意义是：。
（3）测出量程后便可以根据指针所指格数读取电压值了。
某同学想通过上述电压表V 测量一个多用电表中欧姆挡的内部电的电动势，他从多用电表刻度盘上读出电阻刻度中间姐为30，将电压表V与选用“×l k”挡的多用电表直接相连，读出电压表的凑数为叭实验过程中。
一切操作都是正确的。
则欧姆表电池的电动势表达式为E0= （3分）．三、计算题（本题包括4个小题，共47分。
要求写出必要的文字说明，方程式或重要的演算步骤，只写出最后答案的，不能得分。
有数值计算的题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位。
）15．（10分）如图所示，竖直面内有一粗糙绝缘斜面AB，BCD部分是一个光滑的绝缘圆弧面，C为圆弧的最低点，AB正好是圆弧在B点的切线，圆心O与A、D点在同一高度，θ= 37°，圆弧面的半径R=3．6 m，一带正电荷小滑块质量m=5 kg，q=5×10-5C，与AB斜面间的动摩擦因数μ=0.45，将小滑块由A点静止释放，在以后的运动过程中：（，重力加速度g取10 m／s2）（1）求小滑块在AB段上运动的总路程；（2）若在小滑块运动的空间加上一方向竖直向下电场强度大小E=1×106N／C的匀强电场（图中未画出）．求在小滑块运动过程中，C点受到的压力的最小值。
16．（10分）在“十”字交叉互通的两条水平直行道路上，分别有甲、乙两辆汽车运动，以“十”字中心为原点，沿直道建立xOy坐标系．在t=0时刻，甲车坐标为（l m，0），以速度为v0=k m/s，沿-x轴方向做匀速直线运动，乙车沿+y方向运动，其坐标为（0，y），y与时间t的关系为m，关系式中，k>0，求：（1）当k满足什么条件时，甲乙两车间的距离有最小值。
最小值为多大？（2）当k为何值时，当甲车运动到O处时，与乙车的距离和t=0时刻的距离相同？17．（12分）如图甲所示，足够长的光滑平行金属导轨MN、PQ固定在同一水平面上，两导轨间距L=0.30 m．导轨电阻忽略不计，其间连接有定值电阻R=0．40 Ω。
导轨上静置一质量m=0．10kg、电阻r=0．20 Ω的金属杆ab，整个装置处于磁感应强度B=0.50 T的匀强磁场中，磁场方向竖直向下。
用一拉力F沿水平方向拉金属杆ab，使它由静止开始运动（金属杆与导轨接触良好并保持与导轨垂直），电流传感器（不计传感器的电阻）可将通过R的电流f即时采集并输入计算机，获得电流f随时间￡变化的关系如图乙所示。
求：（1）2.0 s末杆ab受到的安培力的大小；（2）2.0s末杆的速率v1以及前2.0 s内通过定值电阻R的电荷量q；（3）2.0s末拉力F做功的功率P．18．（15分）如图所示，OP曲线的方程为：（x、y单位均为m），在OPM区域存在水平向右的匀强电场，场强大小E1-200 N//C（设为I区），/\//PQ右边存在范围足够大的匀强磁场，磁感应强度为B=0.01 T（设为II区），与x轴平行的PN上方（包括PN）存在竖直向上的匀强电场，场强大小E2=100 N／C（设为Ⅲ区），PN的上方h-3．125 n1处有一足够长的紧靠∥轴水平放置的荧光屏AB，OM的长度为a=6.25 m，今在曲线OP上同时静止释放质量为m=l.6×10-25kg，电荷量为e=1.6×10-19C的带正电的微粒2000个（在OP上按x均匀分布）．（不考虑微粒之间的相互作用，不计粒子重力，）．试求：（1）这些粒子进入Ⅱ区的最大速度大小；（2）糍子打在荧光屏上的亮线的长度和打在荧光屏上的粒子数；（3）这些粒子从出发到打到荧光屏上的最长时间。