昆明理工大学英语2018年考博真题试卷
2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：59
2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Some of the online services are free, while others（） a charge.问题1选项A.carryB.cashierC.coincideD.collect【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。
A选项carry“拿，运送，携带”；B选项cashier“开除，解雇”；C选项coincide“同时发生，相符，一致”；D选项collect“收集，收藏，收取”。
while表示对比关系，由Some of the online services are free（一些在线服务是免费的）可知其它一些是收费的，因此选D。
句意：有些在线服务是免费的，有些则收取费用。
2.单选题（）scientists have observed increased pollution in the water supply.问题1选项teterttertely【答案】D【解析】考查形近词辨析。
A选项late“晚的”；B选项later“后来的，以后，其后”；C选项latter“（刚提及的两者中）后者的，（系列中）最后的”；D选项lately“最近，近来”。
根据have observed可知句子为现在完成时，因此选D。
句意：最近，科学家们观察到供水中的污染增加了。
3.单选题If only the committee （）the regulation and put them into effect as soon as possible. 问题1选项A.approveB.will approveC.can approveD.would approve【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。
if only表示“要是……就好了”，此处是对将来的虚拟，因此谓语动词用would/should/could/+动词原形，选D。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：89
2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题As we are on the point of some important business with them, we should like to know exactly about their credit（）.问题1选项A.transmittingB.transferringC.transactingD.transporting【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。
A选项transmit“传送，输送，发射”；B选项transfer“转移，搬迁，调动”；C选项transact“（与人或组织）做业务，做交易”；D选项transport“运送，运输”。
由credit （信用）可知C选项符合语境，credit transacting表示“信用交易”。
句意：由于我们正与他们进行一些重要的交易，我们想确切地了解他们的信用交易情况。
2.单选题If only the committee （）the regulation and put them into effect as soon as possible.问题1选项A.approveB.will approveC.can approveD.would approve【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。
if only表示“要是……就好了”，此处是对将来的虚拟，因此谓语动词用would/should/could/+动词原形，选D。
句意：如果委员会能批准这项条例并尽快付诸实施就好了。
3.单选题As the head of the department was away on a business trip, I was asked to（）the weekly staff meeting.问题1选项A.chairB.introduceC.presideD.dominate【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
考博英语模拟题2018年(19)_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
考博英语模拟题2018年(19)(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)Reading ComprehensionText 1Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England."One man draws out the wire; another strengthens it; a third cuts it;a fourth points it; a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another. And the important business of making pins is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them."Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4,800 pins per worker. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, none of them could have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one.There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this but he also took it for granted that division of labor is in itself responsible for economic growth and development and that it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new; it only enables people to produce more of what they already have.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to ______.A take advantage of the division of laborB introduce the division of labor into EnglandC understand the effects of the division of laborD explain the causes of the division of labor该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 4答案:C[解析] 本题的依据是文章第1段的第1句话...was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：29
2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题One way for writers to support a point is through（）, that is, by means of several examples to back up an idea.问题1选项A.illustrationB.explanationC.demonstrationD.interpretation【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。
A选项illustration“说明”，有举例说明的意思；B选项explanation“解释”；C选项demonstration“游行示威，证明”；D选项interpretation“解释，说明”。
根据several examples （几个例子）可知选A。
句意：作家支持一个观点的一种方法是通过说明，即通过几个例子来支持一个观点。
2.单选题Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But the one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surname beginning with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA car has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrtien and Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world’s five richest m en (Gates, Buffett, Alien, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely by coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.1.What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?2.What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?3.The fourth paragraph suggests that（）.4.What does the au thor mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Para. 5)?5.Which of the following is true according to the text?问题1选项A.A kind of overlook inequality.B.A type of conspicuous bias.C.A type of personal prejudice.D.A kind of brand discrimination.问题2选项A.In both East and West, names are essential to success.B.The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman.C.Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names.D.Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.问题3选项A.questions are often put to the more intelligent studentsB.alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from classC.teachers should pay attention to all of their studentsD.students should be seated according to their eyesight问题4选项A.They are getting impatient.B.They are noisily dozing off.C.They are feeling humiliated.D.They are busy with word puzzles.问题5选项A.People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.B.VIPs in the western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.C.The campaign to eliminate alphabtism still has a long way to go.D.Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C 第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。
昆明理工大学2018年《1111英语》考博专业课真题试卷
10. They fear it could have a(n) ______ effect on global financial markets.
A. sizeable
B. adverse
C. beneficial
D. consequential
11. Just as you do not wish others to ______ their desires upon you, you must leave it to them to
1. When ______ at the door, she was given a warm welcome.
A. appear
B. appeared
C. appearing
D. appears
2. Mr. Lee is far too wise a man not ______ that.
A. seeing
A. attribute
B. chore
C. repast
D. jargon
14. He was a lonely, miserable ______.
A. feast
B. spouse
C. wretch
D. dignity
15. This newly established institution has to face a whole range of crimes and ______.
7. There has been much opposition from some social groups, ______from the farming community.
A. straightforwardly B. notably
2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：78
2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题If you work under a car when repairing it, you often get very（）.问题1选项A.waxyB.stickyC.slipperyD.greasy【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项waxy“蜡制的，似蜡的，质地光滑的”；B选项sticky“粘性的”；C 选项slippery“滑的，狡猾的，棘手的”；D选项greasy“多油的，油污的，油腻的”。
由“If you work under a car when repairing it，you often get very___（如果你在车底下修理汽车，你通常会____）”可知D选项符合语境。
句意：如果你在车底下修理汽车，你通常会弄得满身油污。
2.单选题He set the engine of the car（）.问题1选项A.goingB.goC.to goingD.on going【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。
set sth. doing表示“使……开始”；set to do表示“动手干（认真开始干，争论，拳赛，殴斗）”。
此处表示使车的引擎发动，因此选A。
句意：他发动了汽车的引擎。
3.单选题It will be safer to walk the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts of cash. Virtually all financial（）will be conducted by computer.问题1选项A.transactionsB.transmissionsC.transitionsD.transformations【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。
A选项transaction“业务，交易”；B选项transmission“传送，传播”；C选项transition“过渡，转变，变迁”；D选项transformat ion“变化，改观，转变”。
2018昆明理工大学211-翻译硕士英语A卷考研真题硕士研究生专业课考试试题
昆明理工大学2018年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷) 考试科目代码：211 考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语考生答题须知1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
Part ⅠVocabulary and Structure (1x30=30 points)In this section, there are thirty incomplete sentences. For each sentence four choicess marked A, B, C and D are given. Decide which of the alternatives best completes the sentence. Write the appropriate letter on the ANSWER SHEET.1. Peter is one of the greatest of our public benefactors. He_____ the cathedral at Hampton.A. resurrectedB. repairedC. savedD. restored2. The last of the sunlight was shining _____ the latticed window.A. athwartB. throughC. intoD. over3. The need of college students to control their own destinies has ______ a new series of policiesfrom the administration.A. movedB. promptedC. stimulatedD. seduced4. The boy had been so mistreated that he was faced with a vast, uncomprehending ___ everyday.A. hesitationB. difficultyC. uneaseD. uncertainty5. He ______ under oath that the woman had not been at the scene of the crime.A. testedB. contestedC. protestedD. testified6. Perspective in drawing gives the ______ of depth.A. delusionB. disillusionmentC. disillusionD. illusion7. Ron thanked his ______ for helping him through a tough time.A. benefactorB. beneficiaryC. contestantD. arbitrate8. They criticized Martin Luther King for his rigid _______ on non-violence.A. postureB. stanceC. attitudeD. approach9. The budgets of several departments will require pruning. All the following can replace theunderlined part EXCEPT _______.A. trimmingB. choppingC. snippingD. mincing10. All of the women _______ at how well formed the baby was.A. acclaimedB. declaimedC. exclaimedD. proclaimed11. In Britain, the sovereign _______ but does not govern.A. reinsB. reignsC. deignsD. feigns第 1 页共9页。
昆明理工大学英语2018年考博真题博士入学试卷
昆明理工大学英语2018年考博真题博士入学试卷昆明理工大学2018年博士研究生招生考试试题（A）考试科目代码：1111 考试科目名称：英语试题适用招生专业：全校考生答题须知1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
Part I Structure and Vocabulary( 15 points )Directions: In this part, there are fifteen incomplete sentences. For each sentence four alternatives A, B, C or D are given. Decide which of the alternatives best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.1.When ______ at the door, she was given a warm welcome.A.appearB. appearedC. appearingD. appears2.Mr. Lee is far too wise a man not ______ that.A.seeingB. being seenC. seeD. to see3.The residents, ______ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A.all their homesB. all whose homesC.all of whose homesD. all of their homes4.______, I must do another experiment.A.Be it ever so lateB. It is ever so lateC.It be ever so lateD. So late it be ever5.I wish ______ to Stockholm when I was in Sweden. I hear it’sa beautiful city.A.I wentB. I had goneC. to goD. to have gone6.Tom ______ better than to ask Dick for help.A.shall knowB. has knownC. shouldn’t knowD. should have known7.There has been much opposition from some social groups, ______from the farmingcommunity.A.straightforwardlyB. notablyC. virtuallyD. exceptionally8.The ______ view in Britain and other Western countriesassociates aging with decline,dependency, isolation, and often poverty.A.predominantB. credulousC. inclusiveD. sustainable9.The foreman read the ______ of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.A.prejudiceB. verificationC. verdictD. punishment10.They fear it could have a(n) ______ effect on global financial markets.A.sizeableB. adverseC. beneficialD. consequential11.Just as you do not wish others to ______ their desires upon you, you must leave it to them tobe free to follow their own direction in life.A.inflictB. disputeC. ridiculeD. antedate12.The children have a more ______ view, only taking in consideration what will work.昆明理工大学2018年博士研究生招生考试试题第 1 页共 8 页。
昆明理工大学英语2019年考博真题博士入学试卷
昆明理工大学2019年博士研究生招生考试试题（A）
考试科目代码：1111 考试科目名称：英语
试题适用招生专业：全校
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
第 1 页共 6 页。
2018年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题
2018年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题2018年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题试卷一(Paper One)Part I Listening Comprehension(30%)Section ADirections:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,you will hear a question about what is said.The question will be read only once,after you hear the question,read the four possible answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman:I feel faint.Man:No wonder You haven't had a bite all day.Question:What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A.She is sick.B.She is bitten by an ant.C.She is hungry.D.She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B●D Now let's begin with question Number1.1. A.On campus B.At he dentist'sC.At the pharmacyD.In the laboratory2. A.Pain B.Weakness C.Fatigue D.Headache3. A.Their weird behavior at school.B.Their superior cleverness over others'.C.Their tendency to have learning difficulty.D.Their reluctance to switch to right handedness.4. A.John will be angry. B.John will be disappointed.C.John will be attracted.D.John will be frightened.5. A.They're quite normal. B.They're not available.C.They came unexpected.D.They need further explanation.6. A.He knows so little about Lady GagaB.He has met Lady Gaga before.C.He should have known Lady GagaD.He is a big fan of Lady Gaga.7. A.In the ward. B.Over the phone.C.In the emergency room.D.On their way to the hospital8. A.Health care B.Health reformC.Health educationD.Health maintenance9. A.Learning to act intuitively.B.Learning to argue academically.C.Learning to be critical of oneself.D.Learning to think critically and reason10. A.She is a pharmacist. B.She is a medical doctor.C.She is a scientist in robotics.D.She is a pharmacologist.11. A.She's pessimistic about the future.B.She's pessimistic about the far future.C.She's optimistic about the far future.D.She's optimistic about the near future.12. A.Negligence may put a patient in danger.B.Patients must listen to doctors and nurses.C.Qualified doctors and nurses are in bad need.D.Patients should be careful about choosing the right hospital.13. A.The man works at eh ER.B.The man can do nothing but wait.C.The woman's condition is critical.D.The woman is a capable paramedic.14. A.A gynecologist. B.A psychologistC.A neurologist.D.A nephrologist.15. A.She has only one friend.B.She isolates herself from others.C.She suffers from a chronic disease.D.She is jobless and can't find a job.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages,after each of which,you will hear five questions.After each question,read the four possible answers marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.DialogueQuestions16-20are based on the following dialogue.16. A.Because she couldn't do other jobs well.B.Because it was her dream since childhood.C.Because she was fed up with all her previous jobs.D.Because two professors found talent in her and inspired her to do it.17. A.The Self/Nonself Model B.The Danger ModelC.The vaccination theoryD.The immunological theory18. A.Being overactive B.Being mutantC.Being selectiveD.Being resistant19. A.It can help cure most cancers.B.It can help develop new drugs.C.It can help most genetic diseases.D.It can help change the nature of medicine.20. A.We should ignore the resistance.B.We should have the model improved.C.We should have the experiments on animals.D.We should move from animals to human.Passage One21. A.The profits form medical tourism.B.The trendy phenomenon of medical tourism.C.The soaring health care costs around the word.D.The steps to take in developing medical tourism22. A.Affordable costs B.Low pace of livingC.Five-star treatmentD.Enjoyable health vacation23. A.It is a$100billion business already.B.It is growing along with medical tourism.C.Its costs are skyrocketing with medical tourism.D.It offers more medical options than western medicine.24. A.To set up a website for blogging about medical tourism.B.To modify our lifestyles and health behaviors.C.To buy and affordable medical insurance.D.To explore online to get well informed.25. A.A travel brochure.B.A lecture on medical tourism.C.A chapter of a medical textbook.D.A webpage promotional material.Passage TwoQuestions26-30are based on the following passage.26. A.Song sparrows take good care of their babies.B.Young song sparrows back the skills and experience of their parents.C.There are different kind of song sparrows in different seasons.D.Young and old song sparrows experience climate change different.27. A.In the warmer spring B.In the hottest summerC.In the coolest autumnD.In the coldest winter28. A.Because they lack the skill and experience to find food.B.Because they have not developed a strong body yet.C.Because they cannot endure the unusual heat.D.Because they cannot find enough food.29. A.They are less sensitive to the effect of climate change thanks to their parents.B.They are quick to develop strong bodies to encounter climate change.C.They experience food insufficiency due to climate change.D.They are as sensitive to climate change as the juveniles.30. A.Body size B.Migration routeC.Food preferenceD.Population growthPartⅡVocabulary(10%)Section ADirections:In this section,all the sentences are incomplete.Four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D are given beneath each of them.You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence,then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31.The medical team discussed their shared____to eliminating this curable disease.A.obedienceB.susceptibilityC.inclinationD.dedication32.Many of us are taught from an early age that the grown-up response to pain,weakness,oremotional_____is to ignore it,to tough it out.A.TurmoilB.rebellionC.temptationD.relaxation33.Those depressed kids seem to care little about others,____communication and indulge in theirown worlds.A.put downB.shut downC.settle downD.break down34.The school board attached great emphasis to____in students a sense of modesty and a sense ofcommunity.A.dilutingB.inspectingC.instillingD.disillusioning35.Our brain is very good at filtering out sensory information that is not______to what we need tobe attending to.A.pertinentB.permanentC.precedentD.prominent36.New studies have found a rather____correlation between the presence of small particles andboth obesity and diabetes.A.collaboratingprehendingpromisingD.convincing37.We must test our____about what to include in the emulation and at what level at detail.A.intelligenceB.imitationsC.hypothesisD.precautions.38.We must____the problem____,which is why our map combines both brain structure andfunction measurements at large scale and high resolution.A.set...backB.take...overC.pull...inD.break...down39.Asthma patient doesn't need continuous treatment because his symptoms are rather____thanpersistent.A.intermittentB.precedentC.dominantD.prevalent40.It is simply a fantastic imagination to_____that one can master a foreign language overnight.A.conceiveB.concealC.convertD.conform Section BDirections:Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined.There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence.Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part.Mark your answer an the ANSWER SHEET.41.The truly competent physician is the one who sits down,senses the"mystery"of anotherhuman beings,and often the simple gifts of personal interest and understanding.A.imaginableB.capableC.sensibleD.humble42.The physician often perceived that treatment was initiated by the patient.A.conservedB.theorizedC.realizedD.persistedrge community meals might have served to lubricate social connections and alleviatedtensions.A.facilitateB.intimidateC.terminateD.mediate44.Catalase activity reduced glutathione and Vitamin E levels were decreased exclusively insubjects with active disease.A.definitelyB.trulyC.simplyD.solely45.Ocular anomalies were frequently observed in this cohort of offspring born after in vitrofertilzation.A.FetusesB.descendantsC.seedsD.orphans46.Childhood poverty should be regarded as the single greatest public health menace facing ourchildren.A.breachB.griefC.threatD.abuse47.A distant dream would be to deliberately set off quakes to release tectonic stress in a controlledway.A.definitelyB.desperatelyC.intentionallyD.identically48.Big challenges still await companies converting carbon dioxide to petrol.A.applyingB.relatingC.relayingD.transforming49.Concern have recently been voiced that the drugs elicit unexpected cognitive side effects,suchas memory loss,fuzzy thinking and learning difficulties.A.ensueB.encounterC.impedeD.induce50.A leaf before the eye shuts out Mount Tai,which means having one's view of the importantovershadowed by the trivial.A.insignificantB.insufficientC.substantialD.unexpectedPartⅢCloze(10%)Directions:In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks.For each blank,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D on the right side.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEIET.The same benefits and drawbacks are found when using CT scanning to detect lung cancer—the three-dimensional imaging,improve detection of disease but creates hundreds of images that increase a radiologist's workload,which,51,can result in missed positive scans.Researchers at University of Chicago Pritizker School of Medicine presented52data on a CAD(computer-aided diagnosis)program they've designed that helps radiologist spot lung cancer 53CT scanning.Their study was54by the NIH and the university.In the study,CAD was applied to32low-dose CT scanning with a total of50lung nodules,38 of which were biopsy-confirmed lung cancer that were not found during initial clinical exam.55the 38missed cancers,15were the result of interpretation error(identifying an image but56it as non cancerous)and2357observational error(not identifying the cancerous image).CAD found32of the38previously missed cancers(84%sensitivity),with false-positive58of 1.6per section.Although CAD improved detection of lung cancer,it won't replace radiologists,said Sgmuel G Armato,PhD,lead author of the study."The computer is not perfect,"Armato said."It will miss some cancers and call some things cancer that59.The radiologists can identify normal anatomy that the computer may60something suspicious.It's a spell-checker of sorts,or a second opinion.51.A.in common B.in turn C.in one D.in all52.A.preliminary B.considerate C.deliberate D.ordinary53.A.being used B.to use ing e54.A.investigated B.originated C.founded D.funded55.A.From B.Amid C.Of D.In56.A.disseminating B.degenerating C.dismissing D.deceiving57.A.were mistaken for B.were attributed to D.result in D.gave away to58.A.mortalities B.incidences C.images D.rates59.A.don't B.won’t C.aren’t D.wasn’t60.A.stand for B.search for C.account for D.mistake forPartⅣReading Comprehension(30%)Directions:In this part there are six passages,each of which is followed by five questions.For each question there are four possible answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneWhen Tony Wagner,the Harvard education specialist,describes his job today,he says he's"a translator between two hostile tribes"—the education world and the business world,the people who teach our kids and the people who give them jobs.Wagner's argument in his book"Creating Innovations:The Making of Young People Who Will Change the World"is that our K-12and college tracks are not consistently"adding the value and teaching the skills that matter most in the marketplace."This is dangerous at a time when there is increasingly to such things as a high-wage, middle-skilled job—the thing that sustained the middle class in the last generation.Now,there is only a high-wage,high-skilled job.Every middle-class job today is being pulled up,out or down faster than ever.That is,it either requires more skill or can be done by more people around the world or is being buried made obsolete faster than ever.Which is why the goal of education today,argues Wagner,should not be to make every child"college ready"but"innovation ready"—ready to add value to whatever they do.That is a tall task.I tracked Wagner down and asked him to elaborate."Today,"he said via e-mail,"because knowledge is available on every Internet-connected device,what you know matters far less than what you can do with what you know.The capacity to innovate—the ability to solve problems creatively or bring new possibilities to life and skills like critical thinking，communication and collaboration are far more important than academic knowledge.As one executive told me,"We can teach new hires the content.And we will have to because it continues to change,but we can't teach them how to think—to ask the right questions—and to take initiative."My generation had it easy.We got to"find"a job.But,more than ever,our kids will have to "invent"a job.Sure,the lucky ones will find their first job,but,given the pace of change today, even they will have to reinvent,re-engineer and reimagine that job much often than their parents if they want to advance in it"Finland is one of the most innovative economics in the world,"Wagner said,"and it is the only country where students leave high school'innovation-ready.'They learn concepts and creativity more than facts,and have a choice of many elective—all with a shorter school day,little homework, and almost no testing.There are a growing number of"reinvented"colleges like the Olin College of Engineering,the M.I.T.Media Lab and the"D-school"Stanford where students learn to innovate."61.In his book,Wagner argues that_____.A.the education world are hostile to our kidsB.the business world are hostile to those seeking jobsC.the business world are too demanding on the education worldD.the education world should teach what the marketplace demands62.What does the"tall task"refer to in the third paragraph?A.Sustaining the middle class.B.Saving high-wage,middle-skilled jobs.C.Shifting from"college ready"in"innovation ready."D.Preventing middle-class jobs from becoming obsolete fast.63.What is mainly expressed in Wagner's e-mail?A.New hires should be taught the content rather than the ways of thinking.B.Knowledge is more readily available on Internet-connected devices.C.Academic knowledge is still the most important to teach.D.Creativity and skills matter more than knowledge.64.What is implied in the fourth paragraph?A.Jobs favor the lucky ones in every generation.B.Jobs changed slowly in the author's generation.C.The author's generation led an easier life than their kids.D.It was easy for the author's generation to find their first job.65.What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A.to orient future educationB.to exemplify the necessary shift in educationC.to draw a conclusion about the shift in educationD.to criticize some colleges for their practices in educationPassage TwoBy the end of this century,the average world temperature is expected to increase between one and four degrees,with widespread effects on rainfall,sea levels and animal habitats.But in the Arctic,where the effects of climate change are most intense,the rise in temperature could be twice as much.Understanding how Arctic warming will affect the people,animals,plant and marine life and economic activity in Canada's North are important to the country's future,says Kent Moore,and atmospheric physicist at University of Toronto Mississauga who is participating in a long-term, international study of the marine ecosystem along the Beaufort Sea,from Alaska to the Mackenzie delta.The study will add to our knowledge of everything from the extent of sea ice in the region to how fish stocks will change to which areas could become targets for oil and gas exploration to the impact on the indigenous people who call this part of the country home.Moore,who has worked in the Arctic for more than20years,says his research has already found that thinning sea ice and changes in wind patterns are causing an important change in the marine food chain:phytoplankton（浮游植物）is blooming two to three weeks earlier.Many animals time their annual migration to the Arctic for when food is plentiful,and have not adapted to the earlier bloom."Animals"behavior can evolve over a long time,but these climate changes are happening in the space of a decade,rather than hundreds of years,"says Moore,"Animals can't change their behavior that quickly."A warmer Arctic is expected to have important effects on human activity in the region,as theNorthwest Passage becomes navigable during the summer,and resource extraction becomes more rmation gained from the study will help government,industry and communities make decisions about resource management,economic development and environmental protection.Moore says the study—which involves Canadian,American and European researchers and government agencies—will also use a novel technology to gather atmospheric data:remotely piloted drones."The drones have the capability of a large research aircraft,and they're easier to deploy,"he says,showing the researchers to gather information on a more regular basis than they would be able to with piloted aircraft.66.By the end of this century,according to the author,global warming will_____.A.start to bring about extreme weather events to humans and animalsB.increase the average world temperature by four degreesC.cause more damages to the whole world than expectedD.affect the Arctic more than any other parts of the earth67.To help understand the destructive mechanism of Arctic warming,as indicated by the passage,the international study____.A.is conducted with every single discipline of University of TorontoB.pioneers in pursuing the widespread effects of climate change.C.involves so many countries for different investigationsD.is intended to deal with various aspects in research68.When he says,"Animals can't change their behavior that quickly,"what does Moore mean bythat quick?A.The migration of the animals to the Arctic.B.The widespread effects of global warming.C.The rate of the climate change in the Arctic.D.The phytoplankton within the marine ecosystem.69.According to the author,to carry out proper human activities in the Arctic_____.A.becomes more difficult than ever before.B.is likely to build a novel economy in the region.C.will surely lower the average world temperature.D.needs the research-based supporting information.70.With the drones deployed,as Moore predicts,the researchers will_____.A.involve more collaborating countries than they do now.B.get more data to be required for their research.e more novel technologies in research.D.conduct their research at a regular basis.Passage ThreeSkilled clinical history-taking and physical examination remain essential as the basis of the disease diagnosis and management,aided by investigations such as radiological or biochemical tests.Technological advances over the past few decades mean that such investigations now can be refined, or even replaced in some cases,by the measurement of genetic or genomic biomarkers.The molecular characteristics of a disorder or the genetic make-up of an individual can fine tune a diagnosis and inform its management.These new capabilities,often termed'stratified（分层的）'or 'personalized'medicine,are likely to have profound effect on the practice of medicine and service delivery.Genetic medicine,which uses genetic or genomic biomarkers in this way,has,until recently, been the province of a small minority of specialized physicians who have used it to diagnose or assess risk of inherited disease.Recognition that most disease has a genetic component,the development and application of new genetic tests to identify important disease subsets and the availability of cost-effective interventions mean that genetic medicine must be integrated more widely across healthcare services.In order to optimize benefit equitably across the population, physicians and services need to be ready to change and adapt to new ways of working.Perhaps the greatest challenge is to ensure the readiness of physicians to use these genomic technologies for maximum effect,so that genetic medicine is incorporated into mainstream specialties.For some clinicians,particularly those involved in clinical research,these advances are already a reality.However,a sizable majority do not yet recognize the relevance of genetics for their clinical practice,perceiving genetic conditions to be rare and untreatable.Maximizing genomic opportunities also means being aware of their limitations,media portrayals that indicate that genetic information gives clear-cut answers are often unrealistic.Indeed,knowing one's entire genomic sequence is no the crystal ball of our future that many hope it to be，and physicians will need to be more familiar with what is hype（鼓吹）and what is reality for the integration of genetics into mainstream medicine to be successful.Finally,both professional and public should have a realistic view of what is possible.Although the discovery of genetic risk factors in common diseases such as heart disease and cancer has led to important insights about disease mechanisms,the predictive power of individual genetic variants is often very low.Developments in bioinformatics will need to evolve considerably before the identification of a particular combination of genetic variants in an individual will have clinical utility for them.71.Which of the following statements does the author most probably agree with?A.Personalized medicine will greatly change the practice of medicine.B.Genetic biomarkers have been largely refined over the past.C.Physical examination remains essential in tine tuning a diagnosis.D.Clinical history-taking is no longer important in the genetic era.72.What,according to the second paragraph,can be said of genetic medicine?A.It can offer solutions to all inherited diseases.B.It has been widely recognized among the physicians.C.It necessitates adaptation of the healthcare community.D.It is monopolized by a small minority of specialized physicians.73.The future of the genomic technologies,for the most part,lies in_____.A.the greater potential of treating rare diseasesB.the greater efforts in the relevant clinical researchC.the greater preparedness of the physicians to employ themD.the greater publicity of their benefits in the media portrayals74.In the last paragraph,the author cautions against_____.A.underestimation of the importance of the genetic risk factorsB.unrealistic expectation of the genetic predicative powerC.abuse of genetic medicine in treating common diseasesD.unexpected evolution of the bioinformatics.75.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage?A.Genetic medicine should be the mainstream option for physicians.B.Genetic medicine poses great challenges to medical practice.C.Genetic medicine will exert great influence on medicine.D.Genetic medicine is defined as"stratified"medicine.Passage FourMisconduct is a word that is always on professors'minds.Incidents in the news tend to describe the most serious violations of scientific standards,such as plagiarism for fabricating data. But these high-profile infractions（违法）occur relatively rarely.Much more frequent are forms of misconduct that occur as part of the intimate relationship between a faculty member and a student.Faculty members don't need to commit egregious acts such as sexual harassment or appropriation of students'work to fail in their responsibility to their charges.Being generally negligent as teachers and mentors should also be seen as falling down on the job.What we found most interesting was how respondents had less vehement（强烈的）reactions to a host of questionable behaviors.In particular,they said that faculty members should avoid neglectful teaching and mentoring.These included routinely being late for classes,frequently skipping appointments with advisees,showing favoritism to some students,ignoring those whose interests diverged from their own,belittling colleagues in front of students,providing little or no feedback on students'theses or dissertations,and take on more graduate advisees than they could handle.The vast majority of US faculty members have simply not been taught how to teach.And these responses suggest that they are subjecting young scientists-in-training to the same neglect.To address this systemic issue,we must do a better job of exposing the current and next generations of scientists to the rules of proper mentoring through seminars.For instance,on online modules.The societies of academic disciplines,institutions and individual departments can play a big part here,by developing codes of conduct and clear mechanisms for students report violations.The most serious behaviors are relatively easy to spot and address,but"inadequate teaching" can be subjective.Still,if universities establish specific rules for academics to follow,real patterns of abuse will be easier to find.For instance,these rules could stipulate that professors must return substantive feedback on drafts within15days,provide more than just negative feedback during a student's oral defense of their thesis,or be available regularly to answer questions.To deal with faculty members who consistently fall short,universities should establish teaching-integrity committees,similar to the research-integrity committees that handle issues of scientific misconduct.These could receive reports from students and decide what action to take, either by following a due process laid out in the faculty manual,or simply by adopting the same process as that of other committees,such as for tenure applications.76.What is implied in the first two paragraphs?A.The misconducts are widely exposed in the news.B.The high-profile infractions are not adequately reported.C.The frequent minor misconducts deserve more attentions.D.The violation of scientific standards cannot be eradicated.77.What,in the respondents'mind,is the nature of showing favoritism to some students?A.It is a serious high-profile infraction.B.It is an interesting but avoidable behavior.C.It is a punishable but avoidable misconductD.It is a questionable but non-punishable behavior.78.The occurrence of neglectful teaching and mentoring among the faculty can be ascribedto____.A.their offering more courses than they can handleB.their paying little attention to the students'feedbackC.their receiving inadequate education in how to teachD.their lacking interest in the areas other than their own79.Which of the following is NOT suggested as a way to address the systemic issue?A.Development of codes of conductB.Exposure online of the misconductscation about the rules of proper mentoringD.Development of clear mechanism for reporting80.What is mainly discussed in the last two paragraphs?A.The approaches to addressing the problems of"inadequate teaching."B.The specific rules to punish those who consistently fall short.C.The different committees dealing with"inadequate teaching."D.The codes of conduct for the students to report violations.Passage FiveIs the profession of medicine in retreat?I'm reminded of this with September welcoming a new。
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昆明理工大学2018年博士研究生招生考试试题（A）
考试科目代码：1111 考试科目名称：英语
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第 1 页共8 页。