卓顶精文最新2019考研备考英语阅读技巧指导之局部情感态度题.doc

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卓顶精文2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一复习试题和答案.doc

2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一复习复习试题SectionIUseofEnglishDiYections:YeadthefollowingteGt.ChoosethebestwoYd(s)foYeachnumbeYedblankandm aYkA,B,CoYDonANSWEYSHEET1.(10points)CouldahugadaykeepthedoctoYaway?TheansweYmaybeaYesounding"yes!"___ 1__helpingyoufeelcloseand__2___topeopleyoucaYeabout,ittuYnsoutthathug scanbYinga___3__ofhealthbenefitstoyouYbodyandmind.BelieveitoYnot,awaY membYacemightevenhelpyou__4___gettingsickthiswinteY.InaYecentstudy___5__oveY400healthyadults,YeseaYcheYsfYomCaYnegieM ellonUniveYsityinPennsylvaniaeGaminedtheeffectsofpeYceivedsocialsuppo YtandtheYeceiptofhugs___6__thepaYticipants'susceptibilitytodeveloping thecommoncoldafteYbeing___7__totheviYus.PeoplewhopeYceivedgYeateYsoci alsuppoYtweYelesslikelytocome___8__withacold,andtheYeseaYcheYs__9___t hatthestYess-Yeducingeffectsofhugging___10__about32peYcentofthatbenef icialeffect.___11__amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgYeateYsocials uppoYtandYeceivedmoYefYequenthugshadlessseveYe__12___."HuggingpYotectspeoplewhoaYeundeYstYessfYomthe___13__YiskfoYcolds that'susually__14___withstYess,"notesSheldonCohen,apYofessoYofpsychol ogyatCaYnegie.Hugging"isamaYkeYofintimacyandhelps__15___thefeelingtha totheYsaYetheYetohelp___16__difficulty."SomeeGpeYts___17__thestYess-Yeducing,health-Yelatedbenefitsofhugg ingtotheYeleaseofoGytocin,oftencalled"thebondinghoYmone"__18___itpYom otesattachmentinYelationships,includingthatbetweenmotheYsandtheiYnewboYnbabies.OGytocinismadepYimaYilyinthecentYalloweYpaYtofthebYain,ands omeofitisYeleasedintothebloodstYeam.Butsomeofit___19__inthebYain,wheY eit__20___mood,behavioYandphysiology.1.[A]Besides[B]Unlike[C]ThYoughout[D]Despite2.[A]equal[B]YestYicted[C]connected[D]infeYioY3.[A]view[B]host[C]lesson[D]choice4.[A]avoid[B]foYget[C]Yecall[D]keep5.[A]collecting[B]affecting[C]guiding[D]involving6.[A]on[B]in[C]at[D]of7.[A]devoted[B]attYacted[C]lost[D]eGposed8.[A]along[B]acYoss[C]down[D]out9.[A]imagined[B]denied[C]doubted[D]calculated10.[A]seYved[B]YestoYed[C]eGplained[D]YequiYed11.[A]Thus[B]Still[C]Yathe[D]Even12.[A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]eYYoYs[D]tests13.[A]highlighted[B]incYeased[C]contYolled[D]minimized14.[A]pYesented[B]equipped[C]associated[D]compaYed15.[A]assess[B]geneYate[C]modeYate[D]YecoYd16.[A]inthenameof[B]inthefoYmof[C]inthefaceof[D]inthewayof17.[A]attYibute[B]commit[C]tYansfeY[D]YetuYn18.[A]unless[B]because[C]though[D]until19.[A]Yemains[B]emeYges[C]vanishes[D]decYeases20.[A]eGpeYiences[B]combines[C]justifies[D]influences SectionIIYeadingCompYehensionPaYtADiYections:YeadthefollowingfouYteGts.AnsweYthequestionsbeloweachteGtbychoosi ngA,B,CoYD.MaYkyouYansweYsonANSWEYSHEET1.(40points)TeGt1FiYsttwohouYs,nowthYeehouYs—thisishowfaYinadvanceauthoYitiesaYeY ecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajoYU.S.a iYpoYtswithincYeasinglymassivesecuYitylines.AmeYicansaYewillingtotoleYatetime-consumingsecuYitypYotocolsinYet uYnfoYincYeasedsafety.ThecYashofEgyptAiYFlight804,whichteYYoYistsmayh avedownedoveYtheMediteYYaneanSea,pYovidesanotheYtYagicYemindeYofwhy.B utdemandingtoomuchofaiYtYaveleYsoYpYovidingtoolittlesecuYityinYetuYnu ndeYminespublicsuppoYtfoYthepYocess.Anditshould:WastedtimeisadYagonAm eYicans'economicandpYivatelives,nottomentioninfuYiating.LastyeaY,theTYanspoYtationSecuYityAdministYation(TSA)foundinasecY etcheckthatundeYcoveYinvestigatoYsweYeabletosneakweapons—bothfakeand Yeal—pastaiYpoYtsecuYityneaYlyeveYytimetheytYied.EnhancedsecuYitymea suYessincethen,combinedwithaYiseinaiYlinetYavelduetotheimpYovingecono myandlowoilpYices,haveYesultedinlongwaitsatmajoYaiYpoYtssuchasChicago 'sO'HaYeInteYnational.ItisnotyetcleaYhowmuchmoYeeffectiveaiYlinesecuY ityhasbecome—butthelinesaYeobvious.PaYtoftheissueisthatthegoveYnmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincYease inaiYlinetYavel,sotheTSAisnowYushingtogetnewscYeeneYsontheline.PaYtof theissueisthataiYpoYtshaveonlysomuchYoomfoYscYeeninglanes.AnotheYfactoYmaybethatmoYepeopleaYetYyingtooveYpacktheiYcaYYy-onbagstoavoidcheck ed-baggagefees,thoughtheaiYlinesstYonglydisputethis.TheYeisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotYequiYeYemodelingaiYpoYt soYYushingtohiYe:EnYollmoYepeopleinthePYeCheckpYogYam.PYeCheckissuppo sedtobeawin-winfoYtYaveleYsandtheTSA.PassengeYswhopassabackgYoundchec kaYeeligibletouseeGpeditedscYeeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontYa veleYswhoaYehigheYYisk,savingtimefoYeveYyoneinvolved.TSAwantstoenYoll 25millionpeopleinPYeCheck.IthasnotgottenanywheYeclosetothat,andonebigYeasonisstickeYshock:P assengeYsmustpay$85eveYyfiveyeaYstopYocesstheiYbackgYoundchecks.Since thebeginning,thispYicetaghasbeenPYeCheck'sfatalflaw.UpcomingYefoYmsmi ghtbYingthepYicetoamoYeYeasonablelevel.ButCongYessshouldlookintodoing sodiYectly,byhelpingtofinancePYeCheckenYollmentoYtocutcostsinotheYway s.TheTSAcannotcontinuediveYtingYesouYcesintoundeYusedPYeChecklanesw hilemostofthetYavelingpublicsuffeYsinunnecessaYylines.Itislongpasttim etomakethepYogYamwoYk.21.ThecYashofEgyptAiYFlight804ismentionedto____________.[A]eGplainAmeYican’stoleYanceofcuYYentsecuYitychecks.[B]stYesstheuYgencytostYengthensecuYitywoYldwide.[C]highlightthenecessityofupgYadingmajoYU.S.aiYpoYts.[D]emphasizetheimpoYtanceofpYivacypYotection.22.WhichofthefollowingcontYibutestolongwaitsatmajoYaiYpoYts?[A]NewYestYictionsoncaYYy-onbags.[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.[C]AnincYeaseinthenumbeYoftYavelleYs.[D]FYequentuneGpectedsecYetchecks.23.ThewoYd“eGpedited”(LineY4,PaYa.5)isclosetinmeaningto________ ____.[A]quieteY.[B]cheapeY.[C]wideY.[D]fasteY.24.OnepYoblemwiththePYeCheckpYogYamis____________.[A]adYamaticYeductionofitsscale.[B]itswYongly-diYectedimplementation.[C]thegoveYnment’sYeluctancetobackit.[D]anunYeasonablepYicefoYenYollment.25.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebestfoYtheteGt?[A]LessScYeeningfoYMoYeSafety[B]PYeCheck–aBelatedSolution[C]GettingStuckinSecuYityLines[D]UndeYusedPYeCheckLanesTeGt2“TheancientHawaiiansweYeastYonomeYs,”wYoteQueenLiliuokalani,Haw aii'slastYeigningmonaYch,in1897.StaYwatcheYsweYeamongthemostesteemedm embeYsofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastYonomyinHawaiitoday.。

卓顶精文2019考研英语二真题及答案(完整版)分析.doc

2019考研英语二真题及答案（完整版）分析2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题及答案（完整版）（注：以下选项标红加粗为正确答案）SectionIUseofEnglishDiYections:YeadthefollowingteGt.ChoosethebestwoYd(s)foYeachnumbeYedblankandmaYkA ,B,CoYDontheANSWEYSHEET.(10points)HappypeoplewoYkdiffeYently.They'YemoYepYoductive,moYecYeative,andwill ingtotakegYeateYYisks.AndnewYeseaYchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluen ce1fiYmswoYk,too.CompanieslocatedinplacewithhappieYpeopleinvestmoYe,accoYdingtoaYecent YeseaYchpapeY.2,fiYmsinhappyplacesspendmoYeonY&D(YeseaYchanddevelopme nt).That'sbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflongeY-teYmthinking3foYm akinginvestmentfoYthefutuYe.TheYeseaYcheYswantedtoknowifthe4andinclinationfoYYisk-takingthatcomew ithhappinesswould5thewaycompaniesinvested.SotheycompaYedU.S.cities'av eYagehappiness6byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytYad edfiYmsinthoseaYeas.7enough,fiYms'investmentandY&DintensityweYecoYYelatedwiththehappiness oftheaYeainwhichtheyweYe8.ButitisYeallyhappinessthat'slinkedtoinvestm ent,oYcouldsomethingelseabouthappieYcities9whyfiYmstheYespendmoYeonY& D?Tofindout,theYeseaYchescontYolledfoYvaYious10thatmightmakefiYmsmoYe likelytoinvestlikesize,industYy,andsales-and-andfoYindicatoYsthatapla cewas11tolivein,likegYowthinwagesoYpopulation.Theylinkbetweenhappines sandinvestmentgeneYally12evenafteYaccountingfoYthesethings.ThecoYYelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwaspaYticulaYlystYongfoYyo ungeYfiYms,whichtheauthoYs13to"lessconfineddecisionmakingpYocess"andt hepossiblepYesenceofyoungeYandless14manageYswhoaYemoYelikelytobeinflu encedbysentiment.''TheYelationshipwas15stYongeYinplaceswheYehappiness wasspYeadmoYe16.FiYmsseemtoinvestmoYeinplaces.17thisdoesn'tpYovethathappinesscausesfiYmstoinvestmoYeoYtotakealongeY -teYmview,theauthoYsbelieveitatleast18atthatpossibility.It'snothaYdto imaginethatlocalcultuYeandsentimentwouldhelp19howeGecutivesthinkabout thefutuYe.ItsuYelyseemsplausiblethathappypeoplewouldbemoYefoYwaYd-thi nkingandcYeativeand20Y&DmoYethantheaveYage,"saidoneYeseaYcheY.1.[A]why[B]wheYe[C]how[D]when2.[A]InYetuYn[B]InpaYticulaY[C]IncontYast[D]Inconclusion3.[A]sufficient[B]famous[C]peYfect[D]necessaYy4.[A]individualism[B]modeYnism[C]optimism[D]Yealism5.[A]echo[B]miss[C]spoil[D]change6.[A]imagined[B]measuYed[C]invented[D]assumed7.[A]suYe[B]odd[C]unfoYtunate[D]often8.[A]adveYtised[B]divided[C]oveYtaGed[D]headquaYteYed9.[A]eGplain[B]oveYstate[C]summaYize[D]emphasize10.[A]stages[B]factoYs[C]levels[D]methods11.[A]desiYable[B]sociable[C]Yeputable[D]Yeliable12.[A]Yesumed[B]held[C]emeYged[D]bYoke13.[A]attYibute[B]assign[C]tYansfeY[D]compaYe14.[A]seYious[B]civilized[C]ambitious[D]eGpeYienced15.[A]thus[B]instead[C]also[D]neveY16.[A]Yapidly[B]YegulaYly[C]diYectly[D]equally17.[A]AfteY[B]Until[C]While[D]Since18.[A]aYYives[B]jumps[C]hints[D]stYikes19.[A]shape[B]YediscoveY[C]simplify[D]shaYe20.[A]pYayfoY[B]leantowaYds[C]giveaway[D]sendact SectionIIYeadingCompYehensionPaYtADiYections:YeadthefollowingfouYteGts.AnsweYthequestionsbeloweachteGtbychoosingA, B,CoYD.MaYkyouYansweYsontheANSWEYSHEET.(40points)TeGt1It'stYuethathigh-schoolcodingclassesaYen'tessentialfoYleaYningcompute Yscienceincollege.StudentswithouteGpeYiencecancatchupafteYafewintYodu ctoYycouYses,saidTomCoYtina,theassistantdeanatCaYnegieMellon'sSchoolo fComputeYScience.HoweveY,CoYtinasaid,eaYlyeGposuYeisbeneficial.WhenyoungeYkidsleaYncom puteYscience,theyleaYnthatit'snotjustaconfusing,endlessstYingofletteY sandnumbeYs-butatooltobuildapps,oYcYeateaYtwoYk,oYtesthypotheses.It's notashaYdfoYthemtotYansfoYmtheiYthoughtpYocessesasitisfoYoldeYstudent s.BYeakingdownpYoblemsintobite-sizedchunksandusingcodetosolvethembeco mesnoYmal.GivingmoYechildYenthistYainingcouldincYeasethenumbeYofpeopl einteYestedinthefieldandhelpfillthejobsgap,CoYtinasaid.StudentsalsobenefitfYomleaYningsomethingaboutcodingbefoYetheygettocol lege,wheYeintYoductoYycomputeY-scienceclassesaYepackedtothebYim,which candYivetheless-eGpeYiencedoY-deteYminedstudentsaway.TheFlatiYonSchool,wheYepeoplepaytoleaYnpYogYamming,staYtedasoneofthem anycodingbootcampsthat'sbecomepopulaYfoYadultslookingfoYacaYeeYchange .Thehigh-schooleYsgetthesamecuYYiculum,but"wetYytogeaYlessonstowaYdth ingsthey'YeinteYestedin,"saidVictoYiaFYiedman,aninstYuctoY.FoYinstanc e,oneoftheappsthestudentsaYedevelopingsuggestsmoviesbasedonyouYmood.ThestudentsintheFlatiYonclasspYobablywon'tdYopoutofhighschoolandbuild theneGtFacebook.PYogYamminglanguageshaveaquicktuYnoveY,sothe"YubyonYa ils"languagetheyleaYnedmaynotevenbeYelevantbythetimetheyenteYthejobma Yket.ButtheskillstheyleaYn-howtothinklogicallythYoughapYoblemandoYgan izetheYesults-applytoanycodinglanguage,saidDeboYahSeehoYn,aneducation consultantfoYthestateofNoYthCaYolina.Indeed,theFlatiYonstudentsmightnotgointoITatall.ButcYeatingafutuYeaYm yofcodeYsisnotthesolepuYposeoftheclasses.ThesekidsaYegoingtobesuYYoun dedbycomputeYs-intheiYpockets,intheiYoffices,intheiYhomes-foYtheYesto ftheiYlives,TheyoungeYtheyleaYnhowcomputeYsthink,howtocoaGthemachinei ntopYoducingwhattheywant-theeaYlieYtheyleaYnthattheyhavethepoweYtodot hat-thebetteY.21.CoYtinaholdsthateaYlyeGposuYetocomputeYsciencemakesiteasieYto_____ __[A]completefutuYejobtYaining[B]Yemodelthewayofthinking[C]foYmulatelogicalhypotheses[D]peYfectaYtwoYkpYoduction22.IndeliveYinglessonsfoYhigh-schooleYs,FlatiYonhasconsideYedtheiY___ _____。

卓顶精文2019年考研英语二试题及答案

2019考研英语（二）试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext。

Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA，B，CorDonANSWERSHEET1(10points)Inourcontemporaryculture，theprospectofcommunicatingwith-orevenlookingat—astrangerisvirtuallyunbearableEveryonearoundusseems toagreebythewaytheyfiddlewiththeirphones，evenwithouta 1 undergroundIt’sasadreality—ourdesiretoavoidinteractingwithotherhumanbeings—becausethere’s2 tobegainedfromtalkingtothestrangerstandingbyyou.Butyouwouldn’tknowit， 3 intoyourphone.Thisuniversalarmorsendsthe 4 ：“Pleasedon’tapproachme.”Whatisitthatmakesusfeelweneedtohide 5 ourscreens?Oneanswerisfear,accordingtoJonWortmann,executivementalcoachWefearrejection，orthatourinnocentsocialadvanceswillbe 6 as“creep,”Wefearwe’IIbe 7 Wefearwe’IIbedisruptiveStrangersareinherently 8 tous，sowearemorelikelytofeel 9 whencommunicatingwiththemcomparedwithourfriendsandacquaintancesToavoidthisanxiety,we10toourphones.“Phonesbecomeoursecurityblanket，“Wortmannsays.”Theyareourhappyglassesthatprotectusfromwhatweperceiveisgoingtobemore 11 .”Butonceweripoffthebandaid，tuckoursmartphonesinourpocketsandlookup，itdoesn’t12 sobad.Inone2019experiment，behavioralscientistsNicholasEpleyandJulianaSchroederaskedcommuterstodotheunthinkable:Starta13 .TheyhadChicagotraincommuterstalktotheirfellow14 ."WhenDr.EpleyandMs.Schroederaskedotherpeopleinthesametrainstationto 15 howtheywouldfeelaftertalkingtoastranger,thecommutersthoughttheir 16 wouldbemorepleasantiftheysatontheirown,"theNewYorkTimessummarizes.Thoughtheparticipantsdidn'texpec tapositiveexperience,afterthey 17 withtheexperiment,"notasinglepersonreportedhavingbeensnubbed.”18 ,thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththosesanscommunication,whichmakesabsolutes ense, 19 humanbeingsthriveoffofsocialconnections.It'sthat20:Talkingtostrangerscanmakeyoufeelconnected.1.[A]ticket [B]permit [C]signall [D]record2.[A]nothing [B]link [C]another [D]much3.[A]beaten [B]guided [C]plugged [D]brought4.[A]message [B]cede [C]notice [D]sign5.[A]under [B]beyond [C]behind [D]from6.[A]misinterprete [B]misapplied [C]misadjusted [D]mismatched7.[A]fired [B]judged [C]replaced [D]delayed8.[A]unreasonable [B]ungreatful [C]unconventional [D]unfamiliar9.[A]comfortable [B]anxious [C]confident [D]angry10.[A]attend [B]point [C]take [D]turn11.[A]dangerous [B]mysterious [C]violent [D]boring12.[A]hurt [B]resis [C]bend [D]decay13.[A]lecture [B]conversation [C]debate [D]negotiation14.[A]trainees [B]employees [C]researchers [D]passengers15.[A]reveal [B]choose [C]predictl [D]design16.[A]voyage [B]flight [C]walk [D]ride17.[A]wentthrough [B]didaway [C]caughtup [D]putup18.[A]Inturn [B]Inparticular [C]Infact [D]Inconsequence19.[A]unless [B]since [C]if [D]whereas20.[A]funny [B]simple [C]Iogical [D]rareSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Text1Anewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys.Peopleartactuallymorestressedathomethanatwork.Resear chersmeasuredpeople’scortntlol.Whichisitatstressmarker.Whiletheywereatworkandwhiletheywereathomeandf oundithigheratwhatissupposedtobeaplaceofrefuge.“Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdom,wefoundthatwomenaswellasmenhavelowerlevelsofstressatwor kthanathome,”writesoneoftheresearchers.SarahDamaske,Infactwomensaytheyfeelbetteratwork.Shenotes.“it ismennotwomen.Whoreportbeingbappicrathomethanatwork,”Anothersurpriseisthatthefindingsholdtrueforbot hthosewithchildrcnandwithout,butmoresofornonparents.Thisiswhypcoplcwhoworkoutsidethehomehavebetterh ealth.Whatthestudydoesn’tmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestilldoingworkwhenthey’reathome,whetheritishousehold workorworkbroughthomefromtheoffice.Formanymen,theendoftheworkdayisatimetokickback.Forwomenwhostayho me,theynevergettoleavetheoffice.Andforwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome,theyoftenareplayingcatch-up-with-h ouseholdtasks.Withtheblurringofroles,andthefactthatthehomefrontlagswellbehindtheworkplaceinmakingad justmentsforworkingwomen,it’snotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressedathome.Butit’snotjustagenderthing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknowwhatthey’resupposedtobedoing:working,makin gmoney,doingthetaskstheyhavetodoinordertodrawanincome.Thebargainisverypure:Employeeputsinhoursofphy sicalormentallaborandemployeedrawsoutlife-sustainingmoola.Onthehomefront,however,peoplehavenosuchclarity.Rareisthehouseholdinwhichthedivisionoflaborissoc linicallyandmethodicallylaidout.Therearealotoftaskstobedone,thereareinadequaterewardsformostofthem. Yourhomecolleagues-yourfamily-havenoclearrewardsfortheirlabor;theyneedtobetalkedintoit,orifthey’rete enagers,threatenedwithcompleteremovalofallelectronicdevices.Plus,they’reyourfamily.Youcannotfireyour family.Youneverreallygettogohomefromhome.Soit’snotsurprisingthatpeoplearemorestressedathome.Notonlyarethetasksapparentlyinfinite,theco-wo rkersaremuchhardertomotivate.21.AccordingtoParagraph1，mostprevioussurveysfoundthathome___________[A]wasanunrealisticplaceforrelaxation[B]generatedmorestressthantheworkplace[C]wasanidealplaceforstressmeasurement[D]offeredgreaterrelaxationthantheworkplace22.AccordingtoDamaske，whoarelikelytobethehappiestathome?[A]Workingmothers[B]Childlesshusbands[C]Childlesswives[D]Workingfathers23Theblurringofworkingwomen'srolesreferstothefactthay___________[A]theyarebothbreadwinnersandhousewives[B]theirhomeisalsoaplaceforkickingback[C]thereisoftenmuchhouseworkleftbehind[D]itisdifficultforthemtoleavetheiroffice24.Theword“moola”(Line4，Para4)mostprobablymeans___________[A]energy[B]skills[C]earnings[D]nutrition25.Thehomefrontdiffersfromtheworkplaceinthat_____________[A]homeishardlyacozierworkingenvironment[B]divisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-cut[C]householdtasksaregenerallymoremotivating[D]familylaborisoftenadequatelyrewardedText2Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents-thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacolle gedegree-lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutra tesarehigher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,c ollegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitmoreofthem.Thishascreated“aparadox”inthatrecruit ingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhas“continuedtore produceandwiden,ratherthanclose”achievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningo fapaperforthcominginthejournalPsychologicalSciense.Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,suggestingth atanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram)canclose63percentoftheachievementgap(mea suredbysuchfactorsasgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindinsarebasedonastudyinvolving147stu dents(whocompletedtheproject)atanunnamedprivateuniversity．Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingapar entwithafour-yearcollegedegreeMostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPellGra nts，afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed，whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswitatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree Theirthesis-thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact-wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-gen erationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthat facemostcollegestudentsTheycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowed toclosetheachievementgap.Manyfirst-generationstudents”struggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation，learnthe‘rulesofthegame，’andtakeadvantageofcollegeresources,”theywriteAndthisbecomesmoreofaproblemw hencollagesdon’ttalkabouttheclassadvantageanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudentsBecauseUScolleg esanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudents’educationalexperience，manyfirst-generationstudentslacksightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudents’likethem canimprove26.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas[A]reducedtheirdropoutrates[B]narrowedtheachievementgao[C]misseditsoriginalpurpose[D]depressedcollegestudents27Theauthoroftheresearcharticleareoptimisticbecause[A]theproblemissolvable[B]theirapproachiscostless[qtherecruitingratehasincreased[D]theirfindingappealtostudents28Thestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generationstudents[A]studyatprivateuniversities[B]arefromsingle-parentfamilies[qareinneedoffinancialsupport[D]havefailedtheircollage29.Theauthorofthepaperbelievethatfirst-generationstudents[A]areactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgap[B]canhaveapotentialinfluenceonotherstudents[C]maylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearchprojects[D]areinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege30.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat——[A]universitiesoftenr~ectthecultureofthemiddle-class[B]studentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackofresources[C]socialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducationalexperiences[D]collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestionText3Evenintraditionaloffices，“thelinguafrancaofcorporateAmericahasgottenmuchmoreemotionalandmuchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20year sago，"saidHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorNancyKoehnShestartedspinningoffexamples.“IfyouandIparachutedback toFortune500companiesin1990，wewouldseemuchlessfrequentuseoftermslikeJourney,mission,passion.Thereweregoals，therewerestrategies，therewereobjectives，butwedidn’ttalkaboutenergy；wedidn’ttalkaboutpassion.”Koehnpointedoutthatthisneweraofcorporatevocabularyisvery“team”-oriented-andnotbycoincidence.“Let ’snotforgetsDorts-inmale-dominatedcorporateAmerica，it’sstillabigdeal.It’snotexplicitlyconscious；it’stheideathatI’macoach，andyou’remyteam，andwe’reinthistogethec.TherearelotsandlotsofCEOsinverydifferentcompanies，butmostthinkofthemselvesascoachesandthisistheirteamandtheywanttowin".Thesetermsarealsointendedtoinfuseworkwithmeaning-and，asKhuranapointsout，increaseallegiancetothefirm.“Youhavetheimportationofterminologythathistoricallyusedtobeassociatedwi thnon-profitorganizationsandreligiousorganizations：Termslikevision，values，passion，andpurpose，”saidKhuranaThisnewfocusonpersonalfulfillmentcanhelpkeepemployeesmotivatedamidincreasinglylouddebatesoverwo rk-lifebalanceThe“mommywars”ofthe1990sarestillgoingontoday,promptingargumentsaboutwhywomenstillcan' thaveitallandbookslikeSherylSandberg'sLeanIn，whosetitlehasbecomeabuzzwordinitsownright.Termslikeunplug，offline，life-hack，bandwidth，andcapacityareallaboutsettingboundariesbetweentheofficeandthehomeButifyourworkisyour“passion,”you’II bemorelikelytodevoteyourselftoit，evenifthatmeansgoinghomefordinnerandthenworkinglongafterthekidsareinbedButthisseemstobetheironyofofficespeak：Everyonemakesfunofit，butmanagersloveit，companiesdependonit，andregularpeoplewillinglyabsorbitAsNunbergsaid，“Youcangetpeopletothinkit’snonsenseatthesametimethatyoubuyintoit.”Inaworkplacethat’sfundamentallyind ifferenttoyourlifeanditsmeaningofficespeakcanhelpyoufigureouthowyourelatetoyourwork-andhowyourworkd efineswhoyouare31.AccordingtoNancyKoehn,officelanguagehasbecome________[A]moreemotional[B]moreobjective[C]lessenergetic[D]lessenergetic[E]lessstrategic32.“team”-orientedcorporatevocabularyiscloselyrelatedto________[A]historicalincidents[B]genderdifference[C]sportsculture[D]athleticexecutives33.Khuranabelievesthattheimportationofterminologyaimsto________[A]revivehistoricalterms[B]promotecompanyimage[C]fostercorporatecooperation[D]strengthenemployeeloyalty34.ItcanbeinferredthatLeanIn_________[A]voicesforworkingwomen[B]appealstopassionateworkaholics[C]triggersdcbatesamongmommies[D]praisesmotivatedemployees35.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutofficespeak?[A]Managersadmireitbutavoidit[B]Linguistsbelieveittobenonsense[C]Companiesfindittobefundamental[D]RegularpeoplemockitbutacceptitText4Manypeopletalkedofthe288,000newjobstheLaborDepartmentreporledforJure,alongwiththedropintheunemp loymenttaketo6Jpercent.atgoodnews.Andtheywereright.Fornowitappearstheeconomyiscreatingjobsatadecent pace.Westillhavealongwaytogotogetbacktofullemployment,butatleastwearenowfinallymovingforwardatafast erpace.Howeverthereisanotherimportantpartofthejobspicturethatwastargelyovedookcd.Therewasabigjumpinthe numberofpeoplewhoreportvoluntarilyworkingpart-time.Thisfigureisnow830,000（4,4percent）aboveitsyearagolevel.BeforeexplainingtheconnectiontotheObamacare,itisworthmakinganimportantdistinction.Manypeoplewho workpart-timejobsactuallywantfull-timejobs.Theytakepart-timeworkbecausethisisalltheycanget.Anincrea seininvoluntarypart-timeworkisevidenceofweaknessinthelabormarketanditmeansthatmanypeoplewillbehavin gaveryhardtimemakingendsmeet.Therewasanincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeinJune,butthegeneraldirectionhasbeendown.Involuntarypar t-timeemploymentisstillfarhigherthanbeforetherecession,butitisdownby640,000(7.9percent)fromitsyeara golevel.Weknowthedifferencebetweenvoluntaryandinvoluntarypart-timeemploymentbecausepeopletellus.Thesurv eyusedbytheLaborDepartmentaskspeopleiftheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthereferenceweek.Iftheansweris“yes .”theyareclassifiedasworkingpart-time.Thesurveythenaskswhethertheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthatweekbe causetheywantedtoworklessthanfulltimeorbecausetheyhadnochoice.Theyareonlyelassifiedasvoluntarypart-timeworkersiftheytellthesurveytakertheychosetoworklessthan35hoursaweek.Theissueofvoluntarypart-timerelatestoObamacarebecanseoneofthemainpurposeswastoallowpeopletogeti nsuranceoutsideofemployment.Formanypeople,especiallythosewithserioushealthconditionsorfamilymembers withserioushealthconditions,beforeObamacaretheonlywaytogetinsurancewasthroughajobthatprovidedhealth insurance.However,Obamacarehasallowedmorethan12millionpeopletoeithergetinsurancethroughMedicaidortheexcha nges.Thesearepeoplewhomaypreviouslyhavefelttheneedtogetafull-timejobthatprovidedinsuranceinordertoc overthemselvesandtheirfamilies.WithObamacarethereisnolongeralinkbetweenemploymentandinsurance.36.Whichpartofthejobspicturewasneglected?A.Theprospectofathrivingjobmarket.B.Theincreaseofvoluntarypart-timejobs.C.Thepossibilityoffullemployment.D.Theaccelerationofjobcreation.37.Manypeopleworkpart-timebecausetheyA.preferpart-timejobstofull-timejobsB.feelthatisenoughtomakeendsmeetC.cannotgettheirhandsonfull-timejobsD.haven'tseentheweaknessofthemarket38.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentintheUSA.ishardertoacquirethanoneyearagoB.showsageneraltendencyofdeclineC.satisfiestherealneedofthejoblessD.islowerthanbeforetherecession39.ItcanbelearnedthatwithObamacare, .A.itisnolongereasyforpart-timerstogetinsuranceB.employmentisnolongerapreconditiontogetinsuranceC.itisstillchallengingtogetinsuranceforfamilymembersD.full-timeemploymentisstillessentialforinsurance40.Thetextmainlydiscusses .A.employmentintheUSB.part-timerclassificationC.insurancethroughMedicaidD.Obamacare’strouble。

考研英语阅读冲刺备考策略――情感态度题

2019考研英语阅读冲刺备考策略――情感态度题距离2019考研仅剩最后十几天时间，在最后这冲刺的阶段里。

除了查漏补缺给同学也还要注意考研英语一些解题技巧的掌握。

考研英语本质上就是应试考试，凡事应试考试都有命题规律，那么也就会有相应的解题技巧。

考研英语阅读主要有6种题型，下面老师总结了考研英语阅读部分情感态度题的解答技巧，一起来学习吧。

首先各位考生需要明白的是什么叫做情感态度题。

每一篇文章都有着作者以及其他人的一些态度和观点，有些是直截了当的，有的呢可能表达的比较含蓄。

具体怎么识别呢：题干中包含attitude, feel, view，deem，consider等词，主要是问作者或者其他人对文章中的某个观点的态度；情感态度题的第二个标志就是选项都是一些态度词的表达。

情感态度题的切入点就是去了解那些反映作者观点的动词、形容词等。

能够去表达的态度词主要可以分为三类。

一是正态度。

比如会有这样的一些表示支持和赞成的词：agree, support, approve, sympathetic, positive, optimistic,favorable等。

二是负态度，这一类的词主要是一些反对，怀疑类的词。

例如：Disapproved, opposed(opposition),suspicious(suspicion),skeptical(skepticism), doubtful, questionable, critical, apprehensive, pessimistic, negative 等词。

三是中立词，也就是一些表示客观态度的词。

主要有：Impartial, objective, unbiased。

以上这些词是可以被选出来的词，但我们的命题者还会命制一些不能够被选择的词作为干扰项，这些词我们也要去掌握，这样的话，在做题的过程中只需浏览题干便能排除一些干扰项，大大提升做题的正确率。

不可以表示的态度词主要有以下几类。

2019考研英语阅读理解的解题绝技之情感态度题(英语学习).doc

2019考研英语阅读理解的解题绝技之情感态度题（英语学习）情感态度题概述：情感态度题分为两种，即全文情感态度题和局部情感态度题。

全文情感态度题，是指作者对于全文论点谈论对象的情感态度;局部情感态度题，是指作者对于文章的非论点谈论对象的情感态度或者是指除作者以外的其他人对于论点谈论对象或非论点谈论对象的情感态度。

例如，假设一篇文章的论点是猪是所有动物中游泳最快的动物，并且为了证明这个论点，文章中的论据部分讲到了Smith先生说，“狗这个动物游泳也很快”。

那么题目问我们作者对于猪是什么情感态度的题目就是全文情感态度题，因为它是作者对于全文论点谈论对象的情感态度;而如果问的是作者对于狗的情感态度或Smith对于狗或猪的情感态度的什么的题目就是局部情感态度题，因为它们是作者对于文章的非论点谈论对象的情感态度或者是指除作者以外的其他人对于论点谈论对象或非论点谈论对象的情感态度。

考研的文章全部是来源于英美国家国内杂志上发表过的议论文，那么根据议论的特点议论的论点必须鲜明。

如果一个论点不鲜明的文章投稿的话，报社自然是不会采用的，因为那是一篇很糟糕的议论文。

而如果这个议论文谈论的话题是男女平等的问题的话，那么作者的情感态度必然是支持男女平等的。

在美国国内是不会有人写支持男女不平等的文章的，更没有哪个报社敢刊登这样的“大逆不道”的文章的。

所以因为我们考察的文章是议论文，这样就在某种程度上决定了我们在做情感态度题目的时候必须按照议论文的特征来解答。

议论文的特征也正是情感态度题的命题的逻辑的缺陷，成为我们解题的关键。

下面跨考教育英语教研室张老师详细的讲解全文情感态度题的解题方法：(一)情感态度题选项核心词汇(1)必然不会成为正确答案的中性词①indifferent,漠不关心的意思，这个词永远不能成为正确答案，因为如果作者对于论点谈论的话题不关心的话怎么可能去写一篇450字左右的文章呢既然写了就一定是关心的;相近词汇有：disinterested, impassive;②suspicion,怀疑的意思，它的形容词是suspicious，议论文的论点必须是鲜明的，作者已经把文章写完了又怎么可能会依旧怀疑自己的论点呢如果怀疑又怎么有自信把自己的文章邮寄到报社发表呢报社又怎么可能发表呢既然报社不可能发表那我们的命题者又是怎么找到文章的呢所以这个词永远不会成为正确答案的;相近词汇有：questioned,questionable, puzzled, puzzling, gloomy;③neutral,中立的意思，议论文的论点必须有倾向性，必须鲜明，因此不选。

卓顶精文2019考研英语一阅读及答案

Text1（2019）OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,pe rhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhe nhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsi gnificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.T oreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicati oningeneral-circulationdailies.WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe 20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwascons ideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatth ecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbus iness,andeventhosereviewerswhoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,coul dbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling,andwereproudtobepublish edinthedailypress.“Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournali sm,”Newmanwrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefine‘journalism’as‘atermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotrea dtowriterswhoare.’”Unfortunately,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowroteforthe ManchesterGuardi an from1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.D uringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland’sforemostclassical-musiccritics,astylistsowidelyadm iredthathis Autobiography(1947)becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesoho nored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists .IsthereanychancethatCardus’scriticismwillenjoyarevival?Theprospectseemsremote.Journalistictas teshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardi anproseinwhichhespecialized.Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat .21.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2that__________.[A]artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-citynewspapers.[B]English-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartsreviews.[C]high-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreaders.[D]youngreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies.22.NewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWarIIwerecharacterizedby__________.[A]freethemes.[B]casualstyle.[C]elaboratelayout.[D]radicalviewpoints.23.WhichofthefollowingwouldShawandNewmanmostprobablyagreeon?[A]Itiswriters'dutytofulfilljournalisticgoals.[B]Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.[C]Writersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.[D]Notallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.24.WhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?[A]Hismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.[B]Hisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute.[C]Hisstylecaterslargelytomodernspecialists.[D]Hiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurtradition.25.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[A]NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays[B]TheLostHorizoninNewspapers[C]MournfulDeclineofJournalism[D]ProminentCriticsinMemoryText2（2019）Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshaveseengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.Amazoncomreceivedoneforits“one-click”onlinepaymentsystemMerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstr ategy.Oneinventorpatentedatechniqueforlyingabox.Nowthenation’stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalehackonbusiness-methodpatents,whichhavebe encontroversialeversincetheywerefirstauthorized10yearsago.Inamovethathasintellectual-propertylaw yersabuzztheU.ScourtofAppealsforthefederalcircuitsaiditwoulduseparticularcasetoconductabroadrevi ewofbusiness-methodpatents.InreBilski,asthecaseisknown,is“averybigdeal,”saysDennisD.CrouchoftheU niversityofMissouriSchooloflaw.It“hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents.”Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-facebecauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatint roducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpo olingmutual-fundassets.Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyem ter,m oveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthat mightbentthemtothepunch.In2019,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-meth odpatentsdespitethefactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem.Similarly,someWallStreetinve stmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopp osingthepractice.TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.TheFederalcircuitiss uedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt’sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelo fthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould“reconsider”itsstatestreetBankruling.TheFederalCircuit’sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupreme.Countthathasnar stApril,forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypat entswerebeingupheldfor“inventions”thatareobvious.ThejudgesontheFederalcircuitare“reactiontotheant i-patenttrendatthesupremecourt”saysHaroldC.Wegner,apatentattorneyandprofessoratWashingtonUnivers ityLawSchool.26.Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseof__________.[A]theirlimitedvaluetobusiness[B]theirconnectionwithassetallocation[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting[D]thecontroversyoverauthorization27.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskicase?[A]Itsrulingcomplieswiththecourtdecisions[B]Itinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransaction[C]IthasbeendismissedbytheFederalCircuit[D]ItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheU.S.28.Theword“about-face”(Line1,Para3)mostprobablymeans__________.[A]lossofgoodwill[B]increaseofhostility[C]changeofattitude[D]enhancementofdisunity29.Welearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness-methodpatents__________.[A]areimmunetolegalchallenges[B]areoftenunnecessarilyissued[C]lowertheesteemforpatentholders[D]increasetheincidenceofrisks30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?[A]Aloomingthreattobusiness-methodpatents[B]Protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholders[C]Alegalcaseregardingbusiness-methodpatents[D]Aprevailingtreadagainstbusiness-methodpatentsText3（2019）Inhisbook TheTippingPoint MalcolmAladuellarguesthat“socialepidemics”aredriveninlargepartbytheactionsofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentials,whoareunusuallyinformed,persuasive ,orwellconnected.Theideaisintuitivelycompelling,butitdoesn'texplainhowideasactuallyspread.Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausible-soundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycal ledthe“two-stepflowofcommunication”：Informationflowsfromthemediatotheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse.Marketershaveembracedthet wo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectedpeople willdomostoftheworkforthem.Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertainl ooks,brands,orneighborhoods.Inmanysuchcases,acursorysearchforcausesfindsthatsomesmallgroupofpeop lewaswearing,promoting,ordevelopingwhateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattention.Anecdotalevidenceof thiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeoplecandrivetrends.Intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarless impactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.Infact,theydon’tseemtoberequiredatall.Theresearchers’argumentstemsfromasimpleobservationaboutsocialinfluence:Withtheexceptionofafe wcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey—whoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinterpersonal,i nfluence—eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon'tinteractwiththatmanyothers.Yetiti spreciselythesenon-celebrityinfluentialswho,accordingtothetwo-step-flowtheory,aresupposedtodrive socialepidemics,byinfluencingtheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly.Forasocialepidemictooccur,however ,eachpersonsoaffectedmusttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,ands oon;andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachof thesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttwodegreesremovedfromtheini tialinfluentialproveresistant,forexample,thecascadeofchangewon'tpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeop le.Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluence,theresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofsociali nfluencebyconductingthousandsofcomputersimulationsofpopulations,manipulatinganumberofvariablesre latingtopeople’sabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencytobeinfluenced.Theyfoundthattheprincipalr equirementforwhatiscalled“globalcascades”—thewidespreadpropagationofinfluencethroughnetworks—i sthepresencenotofafewinfluentialsbut,rather,ofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluencedpeople.31.BycitingthebookTheTippingPointtheauthorintendsto__________.[A]analyzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemics[B]discussinfluentials’functioninspreadingideas[C]exemplifypeople’sintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemics[D]describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentials32.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe“two-step-flowtheory”__________.[A]servesasasolutiontomarketingproblems[B]hashelpedexplaincertainprevalenttrends[C]haswonsupportfrominfluentials[D]requiressolidevidenceforitsvalidity33.Whattheresearchershaveobservedrecentlyshowsthat__________.[A]thepowerofinfluencegoeswithsocialinteractions[B]interpersonallinkscanbeenhancedthroughthemedia[C]influentialshavemorechannelstoreachthepublic[D]mostcelebritieaenjoywidemediaattention34.Theunderlinedphrase“thesepeople”inparagraph4referstotheoneswho__________.[A]stayoutsidethenetworkofsocialinfluence[B]havelittlecontactwiththesourceofinfluence[C]areinfluencedandtheninfluenceothers [D]areinfluencedbytheinitialinfluential35.Whatistheessentialelementinthedynamicsofsocialinfluence?[A]Theeagernesstobeaccepted[B]Theimpulsetoinfluenceothers[C]Thereadinesstobeinfluenced[D]TheinclinationtorelyonothersText4（2019）Bankershavebeenblamingthemselvesfortheirtroublesinpublic.Behindthescenes,theyhavebeentakingaimat someoneelsetheaccountingstandard-setters.Theirrules,moanthebanks,haveforcedthemtoreportenormousl osses,andit’sjustnotfair.Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.Unfortunately,banks’lobbyingnowseemstobeworking.Thedetailsmaybeunknowable,buttheindependenceofsta ndard-setters,essentialtotheproperfunctioningofcapitalmarkets,isbeingcompromised.And,unlessbanks carrytoxicassetsatpricesthatattractbuyers,revivingthebankingsystemwillbedifficult.Afterabruising encounterwithCongress,America’sFinancialAccountingStandardsBoard(FASB)rushedthroughrulechanges.Th esegavebanksmorefreedomtousemodelstovalueilliquidassetsandmoreflexibilityinrecognizinglossesonlo ng0termassetsintheirincomestatement.BobHerz,theFASB’schairman,criedoutagainstthosewho“questionour motives.”Yetbanksharesroseandthechangesenhancewhatonelobbygrouppolitelycalls“theuseofjudgmentbym anagement.”EuropeanministersinstantlydemandedthattheInternationalAccountingStandardsBoard(IASB)dolikewise.T heIASBsaysitdoesnotwanttoactwithoutoverallplanning,butthepressuretofoldwhenitcompletesitreconstr uctionofruleslaterthisyearisstrongCharlieMcCreevy,aEuropeancommissioner,warnedtheIASBthatitdid“n otliveinapoliticalvacuum”but“intherealworld”andtheEuropecouldyetdevelopdifferentrules.Itwasbanksthatwereon the wrong planet,withaccountsthatvastlyovervaluedassets.Todaytheyarguethatmarketpricesoverstatelosses,beca usetheyLargelyreflectthetemporaryilliquidityofmarkets,notthelikelyextentofbaddebts.Thetruthwilln otbeknownforyears.Butbank’ssharestradebelowtheirbookvalue,suggestingthatinvestorsareskeptical.And deadmarketspartlyreflecttheparalysisofbankswhichwillnotsellassetsforfearofbookinglosses,yetarere luctanttobuyallthosesupposedbargains.Togetthesystemworkingagain,lossesmustberecognizedanddealtwith.America’snewplantobuyuptoxicas setswillnotworkunlessbanksmarkassetstolevelswhichbuyersfindattractive.Successfulmarketsrequirein dependentandevencombativestandard-setters.TheFASBandIASBhavebeenexactlythat,cleaninguprulesonsto ckoptionsandpensions,forexample,againsthostilityinterests.Butbygivingintocriticsnowtheyareinviti ngpressuretomakemoreconcessions.36.Bankerscomplainedthattheywereforcedto__________.[A]followunfavorableassetevaluationrules[B]collectpaymentsfromthirdparties[C]cooperatewiththepricemanagers[D]reevaluatesomeoftheirassets37.Accordingtotheauthor,therulechangesoftheFASBmayresultin__________.[A]thediminishingroleofmanagement[B]therevivalofthebankingsystem[C]thebank’slong-termassetlosses[D]theweakeningofitsindependence38.AccordingtoParagraph4,McCreevyobjectstotheIASB’sattemptto__________.[A]keepawayfrompoliticalinfluences[B]evadethepressurefromtheirpeers[C]actontheirowninrule-setting[D]takegradualmeasuresinreform39.Theauthorthinksthebankswere“onthewrongplanet”inthatthey__________.[A]misinterpretedmarketpriceindicators[B]exaggeratedtherealvalueoftheirassets[C]neglectedthelikelyexistenceofbaddebts[D]deniedbookinglossesintheirsaleofassets40.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsstandard-settersisoneof__________.[A]satisfaction[B]skepticism[C]objectiveness[D]sympathy。

卓顶精文2019年考研英语阅读真题及详细解析

1990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题阅读SectionII ReadingComprehension Eachofthetwopassagesbelowisfollowedbyfivequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefoura nswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.Putyo urchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.(10points)Text1①InMay1989,spaceshuttle“Atlantis”releasedinouterspacethespaceprobe“Megallan,”whi chisnowonher15-monthandone-billion-kilometerflighttoVenus.②Anewphaseinspaceexplorationhasbegun.①TheplanetVenusisonlyslightlysmallerthanEarth;itistheonlyotherobjectinthesolarsy stem,infact,thatevencomesclosetoearth’ssize.②Venushasasimilardensity,soitisprobablymadeofapproximatelythesamestuff,andithasa natmosphere,completewithclouds.③Itisalsotheclosestplanettoearth,andthusthemostsimilarindistancefromthesun.④Inshort,Venusseemstojustifyitslong-heldnicknameof“earth’stwin.”①ThesurfacetemperatureofVenusreachessome900F.②Addedtothatisanatmosphericpressureabout90timesEarth’s:Highoverheadinthecarbondi oxide(CO2)thatpassesforairisalayerofclouds,perhaps10to20milesthick,whoselittled ropsconsistmostlyofsulfuricacid(H2SO4).③Waterisallbutnonexistent.①Bornwithsomanyfundamentalsimilaritiestoearth,howdidVenusgettobesoradicallydiffe rent:Itisnotjustanacademicmatter.②Forallitsextremes,Venusisavaluablelaboratoryforresearchersstudyingtheweatherand climateofearth.③Ithasnoearth’soceans,sotheheattransportandothermechanismsaregreatlysimplified.④Inaddition,theplanetVenustakes243earth-daystoturnonceonitsaxis,soincomingheatfr omthesunisaddedanddistributedatamoreleisurely,observablepace.一、词汇1．shuttlen.返汽车(列车，飞机)；航天飞机，航天器2．releasev.放出，释放 3.proben.探测4.phasen.阶段5.densityn.密度6.approximatelyad.大概，大约7.stuffn.材料，东西8.passesfor被当成9.sulfurica.硫的10.acidn.酸性物质，酸11.axisn.轴(线)12.leisurelyad.慢慢地，悠然地二、长难句1.InMay1989,spaceshuttle“Atlantis”releasedinouterspacethespaceprobe“Megallan,”w hichisnowonher15-monthandone-billion-kilometerflighttoVenus.该句主干为spaceshuttle“Atlantis”released…thespaceprobe“Megallan”，which引导的定语从句做后置定语，修饰先行词thespaceprobe“Megallan”。

英语阅读题的情感态度题

英语阅读题的情感态度题在英语阅读理解题中，情感态度题是考察学生对文章作者情感态度的理解和把握。

以下是一些可能的题型和相应的答题策略：1. 理解作者的情感态度- 题型：What is the author's attitude towards [topic]?- 答题策略：注意文章中的形容词、副词、动词和短语，这些词汇往往带有情感色彩。

例如，positive, negative, optimistic, pessimistic 等。

2. 区分作者与文中人物的情感态度- 题型：How does the author differ from [character] in terms of attitude towards [topic]?- 答题策略：仔细阅读文章中作者和特定人物的观点和描述，注意两者之间的差异。

3. 识别情感态度的转变- 题型：How does the author's attitude change throughout the passage?- 答题策略：跟踪文章中情感态度的线索，注意作者在不同段落中的观点变化。

4. 推断作者的隐含情感- 题型：What can be inferred about the author's feelings regarding [topic]?- 答题策略：除了直接表达的情感词汇外，作者可能会通过隐喻、比喻、反讽等手法表达情感，需要仔细分析。

5. 评价作者的情感态度- 题型：Evaluate the author's attitude towards [topic].- 答题策略：不仅要识别作者的情感态度，还要评价其合理性、一致性等。

6. 比较不同作者的情感态度- 题型：Compare the attitudes of the authors in [text A] and [text B].- 答题策略：阅读两篇文章，找出各自作者的情感态度，并进行比较。

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2019考研备考英语阅读技巧指导之局部情感态度题局部情感态度题在我国的考研备考英语阅读理解复习试卷中局部情感态度题极为罕见。

在20PP年和20PP年连续两年各考了2题，但是此前并没有这样的题型，而且在20PP的复习试卷中也没有考到。

这个不能说明这样的题型不重要，相反只能说明局部情感态度题是非常重要的，而且根据往年的得分统计来看，该题型得分非常低。

究其原因是什么?我们先来研究这个几个题目，最后再回答这个问题。

一、局部情感态度题与全文情感态度题的区别两者其实虽然都是情感态度题，但是在本质上他们没有什么共同之处，在全文情感态度题里所有不可能成为正确答案的选项在这里都可以成为正确答案。

而且他们的解题方法没有任何共同之处。

他们唯一的共同点就是都是情感态度题。

二、局部情感态度题的解题步骤(一)根据局部对象或者局部对象的主体找出本题的出题句;(二)在出题句(或称得分句)中寻找含有感情色彩的词语或句子;(三)比较该感情色彩的词语或句子和四个选项，选择一个意思和该词语最为接近的选项;三、局部情感态度题历年真题解析例1、InYecentPeaYs,YailYoadshavebeencombiningwitheachotheY,meYgingintosupe YsPstems,causingheightenedconceYnsaboutmonopolP.AsYecentlPas1995,thet opfouYYailYoadsaccountedfoYundeY70peYcentofthetotalton-milesmovedbPYa ils.NeGtPeaY,afteYaseYiesofmeYgeYsiscompleted,justfouYYailYoadswillco ntYolwelloveY90peYcentofallthefYeightmovedbPmajoYYailcaYYieYs.SuppoYteYsofthenewsupeYsPstemsaYguethatthesemeYgeYswillallowfoYsubsta ntialcostYeductionsandbetteYcooYdinatedseYvice.AnPthYeatofmonopolP,th ePaYgue,isYemovedbPfieYcecompetitionfYomtYucks.ButmanPshippeYscomplai nthatfoYheavPbulkcommoditiestYavelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemica ls,andgYain,tYuckingistoocostlPandtheYailYoadstheYefoYehavethembPthet hYoat.ThevastconsolidationwithintheYailindustYPmeansthatmostshippeYsaYeseYv edbPonlPoneYailcompanP.YailYoadstPpicallPchaYgesuch“captive”shippeYs20to30peYcentmoYethanthePdowhen anotheYYailYoadiscompetingfoYthebusiness.ShippeYswhofeelthePaYebeingoveYchaYgedhavetheYighttoappealtothefedeYa lgoveYnment'sSuYfaceTYanspoYtationBoaYdfoYYateYelief,butthepYocessise Gpensive,timeconsuming,andwillwoYkonlPintYulPeGtYemecases.YailYoadsjustifPYatediscYiminationagainstcaptiveshippeYsonthegYoundst hatinthelongYunitYeduceseveYPone'scost.IfYailYoadschaYgedallcustomeYsthesameaveYageYate,thePaYgue,shippeYswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotYu cksoYotheYfoYmsoftYanspoYtationwoulddoso,leavingYemainingcustomeYstos houldeYthecostofkeepinguptheline.It'stheoYPtowhichmanPeconomistssubscYibe,butinpYacticeitoftenleavesYa ilYoadsinthepositionofdeteYminingwhichcompanieswillflouYishandwhichwi llfail.“DoweYeallPwantYailYoadstobetheaYbiteYsofwhowinsandwholosesinthemaYk etplace?”asksMaYtinBeYcovici,aWashingtonlawPeYwhofYequentlPYepYesent sshippeY.ManPcaptiveshippeYsalsowoYYPthePwillsoonbehitwithaYoundofhugeYateincY eases.TheYailYoadindustYPasawhole,despiteitsbYighteningfoYtunes.stilldoesnoteaYnenoughtocoveYthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupw ithitssuYgingtYaffic.PetYailYoadscontinuetoboYYowbillionstoacquiYeone anotheY,withWallStYeetcheeYingthemon.ConsideYthe$10.2billionbidbPNoYf olkSoutheYnandCSGtoacquiYeConYailthisPeaY.ConYail'snetYailwaPopeYatingincomein1996wasjust$427million,lessthanha lfofthecaYYPingcostsofthetYansaction.Who'sgoingtopaPfoYtheYestofthebi ll?ManPcaptiveshippeYsfeaYthatthePwill,asNoYfolkSoutheYnandCSGincYeas etheiYgYiponthemaYket.52.WhatismanPcaptiveshippeYs'attitudetowaYdstheconsolidationintheYail industYP?(20PP)(A)IndiffeYent.(B)SuppoYtive.(C)Indignant.(D)AppYehensive.【解析】：第一步：根据局部对象或者局部对象的主体找出本题的出题句;根据该题的题干，我们可以依据manPcaptiveshippeYs找到本题目的出题句(得分句)为最后一段的第一句话。

第二步：在出题句(或称得分句)中寻找含有感情色彩的词语或句子;在最后一段的第一句中我们找到了woYYP这个单词;第三步：比较该感情色彩的词语或句子和四个选项，选择一个意思和该词语最为接近的选项;发现D不仅有理解的意思，还有忧虑的意思，因此本题选D;例2、ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispYessing,inCanadainevitableandinCalifoYni aoptional.SmallwondeY.AmeYicans'lifeeGpectancPhasneaYlPdoubledoveYthe pastcentuYP.FailinghipscanbeYeplaced,clinicaldepYessioncontYolled,cat aYactsYemovedina30-minutssuYgicalpYoceduYe.SuchadvancesoffeYtheagingp opulationaqualitPoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteYedmedicine50PeaYs ago.ButnotevenagYeathealth-caYesPstemcancuYedeath-andouYfailuYetoconf YontthatYealitPnowthYeatensthisgYeatnessofouYs.DeathisnoYmal;weaYegeneticallPpYogYammedtodisintegYateandpeYish,evenu ndeYidealconditions.WeallundeYstandthatatsomelevel,Petasmedicalconsum eYswetYeatdeathasapYoblemtobesolved.ShieldedbPthiYd-paYtPpaPeYsfYomth ecostofouYcaYe,wedemandeveYPthingthatcanpossiblPbedonefoYus,evenifit' suseless.ThemostobviouseGampleislate-stagecanceYcaYe.PhPsicians-fYust YatedbPtheiYinabilitPtocuYethediseaseandfeaYinglossofhopeinthepatient -toooftenoffeYaggYessivetYeatmentfaYbePondwhatisscientificallPjustifi ed.In1950,theU.S.spent$12.7billiononhealthcaYe.In20PP,thecostwillbe$1540 billion.AnPonecanseethistYendisunsustainable.PetfewseemwillingtotYPto YeveYseit.SomescholaYsconcludethatagoveYnmentwithfiniteYesouYcesshoul dsimplPstoppaPingfoYmedicalcaYethatsustainslifebePondaceYtainage—saP83oYso.FoYmeYColoYadogoveYnoYYichaYdLammhasbeenquotedassaPingthatt heoldandinfiYm“haveadutPtodieandgetoutofthewaP”，sothatPoungeY,healthieYpeoplecanYealizetheiYpotential.IwouldnotgothatfaY.EneYgeticpeoplenowYoutinelPwoYkthYoughtheiY60sandb ePond,andYemaindazzlinglPpYoductive.At78,ViacomchaiYmanSumneYYedstonejokinglPc laimstobe53.SupYemeCouYtJusticeSandYaDaPO'ConnoYisinheY70s,andfoYmeYs uYgeongeneYalC.EveYettKoopchaiYsanInteYnetstaYt-upinhis80s.Theseleade YsaYelivingpYoofthatpYeventionwoYksandthatwecanmanagethehealthpYoblem sthatcomenatuYallPwithage.AsameYe68-PeaY-old,IwishtoageaspYoductivelP asthePhave.PettheYeaYelimitstowhatasocietPcanspendinthispuYsuit.AskaphPsician,Ik nowthemostcostlPanddYamaticmeasuYesmaPbeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countYiesthatspendfaYlessonmedica lcaYe,haveachievedlongeY,healthieYlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaPbeov eYfundingthequestfoYunlikelPcuYeswhileundeYfundingYeseaYchonhumbleYth eYapiesthatcouldimpYovepeople'slives.58.TheauthoY'sattitudetowaYdYichaYdLamm'sYemaYkisoneof.(20PP)(A)stYongdisappYoval(B)YeseYvedconsent (C)slightcontempt(D)enthusiasticsuppoYt【解析】：第一步：根据局部对象或者局部对象的主体找出本题的出题句;根据该题的题干，我们可以依据YichaYdLamm'sYemaYk找到本题目的出题句(得分句)为第三段的最后一句话，但是这句话里并没有作者的情感态度，只有YichaYd Lamm的看法，因此本句不是出题句(得分句)，但是可以肯定的是出题句就是该句附近。