2019-2020学年新人教版高一英语语法讲解专题优化教案设计:必修1+++15句子成分
2019-2020学年新人教版高一英语语法讲解专题优化教案:必修1 16简单句的基本句型

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基本句型二:主谓宾结构
句式结构:主语+谓语(动词)+宾语
如:He found a bird in the tree.他发现树上有一只鸟。
I like this book.我喜欢这本书。
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基本句型三:主系表结构
句式结构:主语+系动词+表语
常见的系动词有:be(是),get(变得),become(成为),turn(变得),look(看起来),feel(感到),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),seem(似乎)
⒈表示状态的连系动词有be,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain等。
如:We should keep quiet any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。
⒉表示转变或结果的系动词有:become,get,grow,turn,go,come,prove等。
如:Spring comes.It is warmer and warmer. 春天到了,天与恋得越来越暖和。
4。
2019-2020学年新人教版高中英语新教案:必修一 定语从句专题讲解(详细) Word版

姓名,年级:时间:定语从句知识导图引入Mary is a girl who is happy。
概念定语从句:在复合句中起形容词作用,作定语,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
关系词:连接先行词和从句的词叫关系词.注意:关系词指代先行词,并在句子起连接作用,连接主句和从句,同时又在定语从句中充当成分(主、宾、表、状等)关系词根据其在从句中所充当的成分可以分为:关系代词:在从句中做主、宾、表、定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)关系副词:在从句中作状语(When/where/why)关系代词和关系副词用法注:高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂,从先行词为“明显的地点”转化“模糊化的地点”。
事实上,对于where这个词,考生不能只理解为表地点,当先行词表示某人/物的situation,或某事所发展的stage和point,或表达某事的某个方面时都可用where这个关系副词.常见的抽象名词作先行词的有:point, position, situation,stage,state,case, scene 等。
He said if we ever got to the point where we needed to use life jackets, he would have already died of terror.他说假定我们真的到了需要用救生衣的地步,他早就吓死了。
定语从句的分类1)限制性定语从句:从句不可少,没有它,先行词的意思不明确,主句也不完整。
与先行词之间不用逗号。
Mary is a girl who has long hair先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词2)非限制性定语从句:是对先行词的补充说明或描绘作用,没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。
从句一般用逗号同主句分开。
has won a scholarship。
2019人教版高一英语新教材必修一同步语法讲解(Unit 1)

2019人教版高一英语必修一同步语法讲解(Unit 1)
Book 1 Unit 1
名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语
短语或词组是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词, 在句子里可以单独构成一种句子成分。
一.名词短语: 指以一个名词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于名词。
名词短语通常是由名词及其修饰语构成。
(二)名词短语的功能
二.形容词短语:指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于形容词。
形容词短语通常是由形容词及其修饰语构成。
(二)形容词短语的功能
形容词短语在句中当作形容词用,一般可用作定语(修饰名词或代词)、表语、宾语补足语或状语。
三.副词短语:指以一个副词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于副词。
副词短语通常是由副词及其修饰语构成。
(二)副词短语的功能。
2019-2020学年新人教版高一英语语法讲解专题优化教案:必修1 13构词法

⒉名词+动词daybreak黎明⒊名词+动名词handwriting书法⒋名词+及物动词+er/or pain-killer止痛药⒌名词+介词+名词sister-in-law嫂子⒍代词+名词she-wolf母狼⒎动词+名词typewriter打字机⒏动名词+名词reading-room阅览室one-to-one一对一的⒋名词+过去分词man-made人造的⒌数词+名词one-way单行道的⒍数词+名词+形容词three-year-old三岁的⒎数词+名词+ed ten-storeyed十层的⒏动词+副词one-off 一次性的⒐形容词+名词high-quality高质量的⒑形容词+名词+ed3合成动词⒈名词+动词sleep-walk梦游⒉形容词+动词white-wash粉刷⒊副词+动词overwhelm压倒,制服4合成副词⒈形容词+名词hotfoot匆忙地⒉形容词+副词everywhere到处⒈副词+名词outside在……外面⒉介词+副词within在……之内⒊副词+介词into进入★派生法英语构词法中在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀,从而构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词的方法叫作派生法。
1前缀除少数英语前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;英语后缀一般改变词类,而不引起词义的变化。
过程)等。
如:differ不同于→difference区别write写→writer作家China中国→Chinese中国人act表演→actress女演员music音乐→musician音乐家⒉构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后),-fy (使……化),-ize (使……成为)。
如:wide→widen加宽beauty→beautify美化pure→purify提纯real→realize意识到organ→organize组织sharp→sharpen使变锋利⒊构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al,-able (有能力的),-(a)n(某国人的),-en (多用于表示材料的名词后),-ern (方向的),-ese(某国人的),-ful,-(ic)al,-ish,-ive,-less (表示否定),-like (像……的),-ly,-ous,-some,-y (表示天气)等。
2019-2020学年新人教版高中英语新教案:必修一 语法归纳总结及倒装句(附答案)

倒装句英语句子的自然语序是主语在前,谓语动词在后。
如果把谓语动词放在主语之前,就称为倒装结构;如果谓语全部放在主语之前,就称为完全倒装;如果只把助动词、be动词或情态动词放在主语之前,就称为部分倒装。
完全倒装1. 以here, there, now, then开头,谓语动词是be, come, go, follow 等词,主语为名词。
例:Now comes your turn to answer the questions.2. 以up, down, out, in, away, off 等表示移动方向的副词开头的句子, 谓语通常为go, come,rush, fly, fall 等不及物动词,主语为名词。
例:Out rushed the boy.【注意】以上两种句型中,若主语是代词,即使here, there, now, then, up, down, out, in, away, off 等放在句首,也不用倒装。
例:Out he rushed. Here you are!3. 表示地点的介词短语或副词(短语如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in themiddle of the room等) 位于句首,谓语是不及物动词,主语是名词。
例:Between the two buildings stands a tall tree.East of the city lies a big river.4. 表语位于句首,构成“形容词/ 现在分词/ 过去分词+连系动词+主语” 结构。
例:Present at the meeting were Professor Smith and many other guests.5. 代词such作表语,位于句首时。
例:Such are the facts: no one can deny (拒绝) them.6. 保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接更紧密时。
2019-2020学年新人教版高一英语语法讲解专题优化教案:必修1 23强调

二十三、强调1强调句句型的种类及句型⒈陈述句的强调句型:It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。
如:It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.⒉一般疑问句的强调句型:同上,只是把is/ was提到it前面。
如:Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?⒊特殊疑问句的强调句型:被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分?如:When and where was it that you were born?⒋强调句例句:针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。
①强调主语:It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.②强调宾语:It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.③强调地点状语:It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.④强调时间状语:It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.⑤注意:构成强调句的it本身没有词义;强调句中的连接词一般只用that、who,即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此,that,who不可省略;强调句中的时态只用两种,一般现在时和一般过去时。
原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时,用It was…,其余的时态用It is…2not …until …句型的强调句⒈句型为:It is/ was not until + 被强调部分+ that + 其他部分如:普通句:He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.如:强调句:It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.⒉注意:此句型只用until,不用till。
新人教版高一英语语法讲解专题优化教案必修1 17主谓一致

十七、主谓一致1并列结构作主语时的主谓一致⒈由and 连接主语时and 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数①并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数如:Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.Like many others,the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold.小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子。
Both rice and wheat are grown in this area.②并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时,谓语动词用单数形式如:The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.那位教授兼作家正在会上发言。
His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe.他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行。
注意:指同一个人或物时,并列主语前只用一个冠词;指不同的需要分别加冠词;但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可如:the writer and the educator have visited our school.the writer and educator has visited our school.A boy and girl are playing tennis.③并列主语前有each,every,many a,no等修饰时谓语动词用单数如:Each doctor and (each)nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients.Every man,woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity.Every boy and (every)girl admires him for his fine sense of humour.Many a boy and (many a)girl has made the same mistake.No boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里注意:many a跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多如:Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie.④并列主语为不可分的整体时,谓语动词用单数如:A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up.The knife and fork has been washed.War and peace is a constant theme in history.注意;常被视为主体的结构A cup and saucer一副杯碟A horse and car马车Aknife and fork一副刀叉A law and rule法规A needle and thread一套针线Fish and chips炸鱼加炸薯条星条旗The stars and stripes⒉由(either)…or或neither…nor等连接的主语时由either…or;neither…nor;or;not only…but(also)…连接主语时,谓语动词陈述句中就近原则如:Either you or Jane is to be sent to New York.要你要么简被派往纽约。
2019-2020学年新人教版高一英语语法讲解专题优化教案:必修1 3数词.doc

三、数词★基数词表示数量的词叫基数词。
1-12的基数词是独立单词;13-19的基数词都是以-teen结尾的,要注意thirteen,fifteen,eighteen的拼法稍有不同;20-90的十位数,以后缀-ty结尾,要注音twenty,thirty,fifty,eighty的特殊点。
如下表:1基数词的读法⒈三位数的读法:第一个数字+hundred +and+后面的一位或两位数字。
如:107→one hundred and seven;765→seven hundred and sixty-five⒉1,000以上的数的读法:先从后向前数,每三位数加一个逗号,第一个逗号前的数字用thousand(千),第二个逗号前的数字用million(百万),用“几十thousand“表示“几万",以“几百thousand"表示"几十万”,用“几十million"表示“几千万",用“几百million"表示"几亿"。
如:13,789,653→thirteen million seven hundred and eighty-nine thousand six hundred andfifty-three2数词的复数形式⒈表示几十岁时。
如“二十多岁”说twenties,表示的是20岁到29岁。
依次类推,thirties 表示“三十几岁",forties 表示四十几岁”,但十几岁”不可说tens,而要说teens,指13岁至19岁。
如:He died in his thirties.She is in her teens.⒉表示几十年代时。
如:“二十世纪八十年代”写成1980s或1980s,均读作nineteen eighties,指的是1980至1989年这十年间,需注意的是,年代用文字表示时则不可用-s形式。
如:Great changes took place in the l970s.History has entered the eighties.⒊表示不确定数目时。
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十五、句子成分★主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词前面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
如:During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)Two swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)The rich should he lp the poor.(名词化的形容词)When me are going to have an Eaglish test has not been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)★谓语谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下:1简单谓语由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:He practices running every morning.2复合谓语⒈由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:You make the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.⒉由系动词加表语构成。
如:We are students.★表语表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,becone,get,look,grow, turn,seem等)之后。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
如:Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)Is it yours?(代词)The weather has turned cold.(形容词)The speech is exciting.(分词)Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)His job is to teach Eaglish.(不定式)His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)Time is up.The class is over.(副词)The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)★宾语1宾语的位置宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
如:They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)I think (that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)2宾语种类⒈双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)如:Lend me our dictionary, please.⒉复合宾语(宾语+宾补)如:They elected hin their monitor.★定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
定语可由以下成分表示:如:Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)China is a develceing country;America is a develcged country.(分词)There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词)Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)He is reading an article about how to learn Eaglish.(介词短语)★状语1状语的作用状语用来修饰形容词、副词、动词或者全句。
⒈修饰形容词His performance is pretty good.他的表现非常好。
⒉修饰副词The leopard runs very fast.美洲豹跑得非常快。
⒊修饰动词The professor introduce himself briefly.教授简单地介绍了他自己。
⒋修饰全句The accident happened last night.事故发生在昨天晚上。
2状语的分类⒈地点状语:动作或状态所处于的地点The students are doing their homework in the classroom.学生们正在教室里做作业。
⒉时间状语:动作或状态所处于的时间I learned a lot from the peasants when I lived in the countryside.我在农村生活时,向农民学到很多东西。
⒊目的状语:动作的目的They set out early so that they might arrive on time.他们早点动身,以便准时到达。
⒋原因状语:动作或状态所处于的原因She will not go home because she has to attend a meeting.因为要开会,所以她不能回家了。
⒌结果状语:动作或状态所产生的结果Li Ming studied so hard that he caught up with the others very quickly.李明学习如此努力,结果很快赶上了其他人。
⒍程度状语:表示动作或状态的程度I nearly forgot what he had promised.我几乎忘记了他答应的事。
⒎方式状语:做某事所用的方式It is common to travel by air.乘飞机出行很普遍。
⒏条件状语:表示某事或某种状态变化的条件If you work hard at English,you will do well in English.如果你努力学习英语,你的英语成绩就会好。
⒐让步状语:主句的行为或状态一定发生或存在,而状语又必须作出“让步”,那么,这种状语被称之为“让步状语”。
He went to school yesterday though he was ill.昨天他尽管有病,仍上学去了。
⒑比较状语:表示一个状态特征与另一个做对比。
Lesson Two is not so difficult as Lesson One.★补语补语(complement)是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。
补足主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补语(subject complement),补足宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补语(object complement)。
1主语补足语形容词用作主语补语是常置于主语之前,后有逗号。
如:Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 我又累又困,就去睡了。
有时可以置于主语之后,前后都有逗号,与非限定性定语相似。
如:The man, cruel beyond belief, didn't listen to their pleadings. 那人不可置疑地残酷,不听取他们的恳求。
2宾语补足语可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。
如:They named the child Jimmy. 他们将孩子命名为吉米。
(名词用作并与补语)My mother looks so young that you would think her my sister. 我的母亲看起来很年轻,你会以为她是我的姐姐(名词短语作宾补)He boiled the egg hard. 她将鸡蛋煮老了。
(形容词用作宾补)I found the book very interesting.我发现那本书很有趣。
(形容词短语用作宾补)The comrades wanted Dr.Bethune to take cover. 同志们要白求恩大夫隐蔽一下。
(不定式用作宾语补语)I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.我把这个叫做拆东墙补西墙。
(动名作宾补)Don't take his kindness for granted.不要把他的友善看作是当然的事。
(介词短语作宾补)。