主语从句和同位语从句
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句
名词性从句的概念在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
主语从句如果一个从句在一个句子中充当主语，这个从句就叫主语从句。
主语从句可以直接放在句首；也可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。
主语从句可以用连词that，whether，连接代词what，who，which，连接副词when, where，how，why等引导。
That light travels in straight lines is known to all.众所周知，光沿直线传播。
It is still a question when we shall have our sports meeting．我们什么时候开运动会仍然是一个问题。
It is certain that he will come to the discussion.他来参加讨论是确定无疑的。
Whether we discuss the question has yet to be decided.我们是否讨论这个问题还有待决定。
What you bought is an interesting book.你所买的是本有趣的书。
Whenever you come is all right.不管你什么时候来都行。
主语从句的语序与陈述句语序相同，即采用“主语+谓语动词+其他”这样的模式。
宾语从句的结构在句子中起宾语作用的句子叫宾语从句。
宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词和某些形容词的宾语。
1.由that引导的宾语从句that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接主句和从句的作用。
that不用翻译出来，（在口语当中）常可省略。
We all know that we don't have enough medicine.我们都知道我们缺药。
She said that she would drop maths.她说她要放弃数学。
高中英语-主语从句和同位语从句
连词
在从句中充当的成分
含义
that whether what（ever） who(m) whose
which
不充当成分 不充当成分 主/宾/表/定 主/宾/表 定语
定语 主/宾/表/
无具体含义 是否
什么，…的东西/事
谁 谁的
哪一个/件……
连词
As is well known, English is important. It is well known that English is important. What is well known is that English is important.
注意二：as, it和what
The earth is round, _a_s_ we all know. A__s_ is known to all, the earth is round. _I_t_ is known to all that the earth is round.
动词/be
That+ 陈述句 Whether +一般陈疑述问句句 特殊疑问词 + 特陈殊述疑句问句
动词/be
引导词
从属连词（3个）：that 、 whether
连接代词 （9个）：who、 whom 、 what、 which、 whose、 whoever whomever、 whatever、 whichever、
在从句中作定语
3)连接副词when，where， how， why。
Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. When they will set off is not decided. Where she is from is unknown. How we will paint the house has not been decided.
英语从句的类型
英语从句的类型主要有以下六种：1.主语从句：用于作为句子的主语，常常以连接词that、whether或连接代词who，what，where，when，why，how引导。
例如：“What he said is true”（他所说的是真的）。
2.宾语从句：作为句子的宾语，位于及物动词、介词后面，常常以连接词that，whether，if或连接代词who，what，where，when，why，how引导。
例如：“I don’t know what she wants”（我不知道她想要什么）。
3.表语从句：位于系动词后面，用来描述主语的特征、状态或性质。
常以连接词that或连接代词who，what，where，when，why，how引导。
例如：“The problem is that he is always late”（问题是他总是迟到）。
4.同位语从句：作为名词的解释、说明、补充等，常以连接词that或连接代词who，what，where，when，why，how引导。
例如：“The fact that he passed the exam surprised me”（他通过了考试的事实让我很惊讶）。
5.名词性从句：在句中的作用类似于名词，可以在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等成分。
具体包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。
6.定语从句：定语从句在句子中充当定语的成分，修饰名词或代词，通常由关系代词（如who、whom、whose、that、which等）或关系副词（如when、where、why等）引导。
例如：“The man who/that lives in that house is a teacher.”（住在那所房子里的人是一名老师。
）。
主语从句+表语从句+同位语从句
高中语法—主语从句+表语从句+同位语从句❖讲解●主语从句一．定义：在句中起主语作用的从句二．语序—陈述句语序When will he come is not known. ×→When he will come is not knownWhether can animals be well protected is of great importance.×→Whether animals can be well protected is of great importance.→陈述句语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分三．连接词1.从属连词：that/whether①that：没有意义，不作成分，不可省略(that=口袋→把句子装起来）@3.10,25,28,30②whether“是否”不可省略,不可用if代替---Whether they would support us was a problem.（if“如果”有歧义）@4.5 ,312.连接代词①who,whom,what,which,whose,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever②特定意义，不可省略③在主语从句中做成分What we need is water.---作宾语@29Who will go makes no difference.---作主语@12，14,17,19，#4,12Who he is remains uncertain.---作表语Whose shirt it is remains unknown. ---作定语#16*Whoever(Anyone who) wants to enter into this school must take the exam. ---无论是谁@18*Whatever(Anything that) she did was right. ---@2①when,why,how,where②特定意义，不可省略③作状语，表示时间，地点，原因，方式When he will be back depends on the weather.---时间状语Where the test will be given is not yet decided.---地点状语#14Why dinosaurs died out remains a puzzle.---原因状语#13How this happened is not clear to anyone. ---方式状语四．时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制五．It作形式主语1.结构it is...that...（无意义，不做成分）①It is certain that she will do well in her exam. →It is+a.+that...②It’s a pity that we can’t go.→It is+n.词组+that...(no wander难怪，an honor荣耀）@1，16,20③It is said that Tiny Times is a good movie→It is said,reported,suggested,well-known+that...@13#6④It happened that I was out that day.→ It + 特殊动词（seem似乎，happen碰巧doesn’t matter）+ that ...@6,7,8 2.It is+其他连接词（有意义，作成分）It was a problem whether they would support us.It is hard to understand why there is gravity.@11,15,#73.否定前移It seems that they are not from the same university.→It doesn’t seem that they are from the same university.六．注意1.主语从句中的连词---不能重叠使用That whether he will help others is a fact.×→That he will help others is a fact.2.含主语从句的主句谓语动词---用单数第三人称形式When he will come are a puzzle.×→When he will come is a puzzle.@9,#23.what 引导的主语从句---根据表语决定主句动词的单复数形式①What he needs is that book.②What he needs are some books.●表语从句That is what he is worried about.一．定义：在句子中作表语的句子，be,look,seem,appear,sound,feel,remain+表语从句二．语序—陈述句语序三．连接词=主语从句@191.seem,appear,look,sound,feel+as if/as though“好像...”①It looked as f it was going to rain.②It sounds as though someone is knocking at the door.2.The reason why I came late is that my car broke down on the half way.He came late. That’s because his car broke down.His car broke down on the half way. That’s why he came late.四．时态：与主句无关●同位语从句The fact （名词）that he is older than me is obvious.一．定义:解释说明某一名词的内容和实质的从句=该名词(fact,idea,news,promise)I have no idea who will be our teacher.The question why the actress was killed is not clear.二．语序—陈述句语序三．连接词=主语从句，都不能省略#3四．时态：与主句无关❖当堂练习主语从句答题技巧：动词前面是主从，缺啥补啥选连词，that句首不能省，if不可替whether,it形主要记牢，常用that不可省，不做成分无意义，其他连词作成分.1.What a pity _____is _____you didn’t arrive by daylight.A. there, becauseB. it, thatC. he, whenD. that, forB.你白天没来真可惜呀，①what a pity it is!...真可惜呀②it作形式主语，真正主语that you didn’t arrive by daylight2. We are ready to do ______ the country wants us to do.A. whatB. whichC. no matter whatD. whateverD①根据句意，选无论什么CD②no matter what不能引导名词性从句，不能放句中；引导让步状语从句，放句首：No matter what happened, he would not mind.③whatever,句首句中都可以放3.It is a pity that you (should) miss such a good chance.___ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.A.ThatB. WhyC. WhatD. HowA.that引导主语从句，不做成分，不可省略4. ___we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather .A IfB WhetherC ThatD WhereB句意是否5.____ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.That B. Whether C. If D. Even ifB句意是否6. It is known to us ___ where there is pollution, there is harm.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. ThatD.it作形式主语7.It’s known to us all ___ a form of energy .A.water isB. that water isC. is waterD. that water toB.It is known to us all that...it作形式主语8. It worried her a bit ___ her hair was turning gray.A. whetherB. thatC. whatD. WhenB.it作形式主语9.What I say and think ___ none of your business.A.isB. areC. has D haveA含主语从句的主句谓语动词---用单数第三人称形式10--- I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.--- __A__ it made me nearly mad.A. That he brokeB. What he brokeC. He brokeD. His break11.It remains a question _A___ we can get so much money in such a short time.A.howB. thatC. whenD. what12. They lost their way in the forest and __A__ made matters worse was _表语从句__ night began to fall.A. what; thatB. it; thatC. what; whenD. which; what13. ___A_____that they found an unusual plant in the forest.A. It is saidB. They are saidC. It saidD. It says14. ___A__ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. WhatB. ThatC. HowD. Where15. It worried Mary a lot __A___ she would pass the college entrance examination.A. whetherB. ifC. thatD. how16. __A__ is no possibility ______ Bob will win the first prize in the match.A. There, thatB. It, thatC. There, whetherD. It, whetherThere is no possibility=it is impossible含有no一般用there：there is no doubt17. ___B_surprised me most was _____such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well.A. That; whatB. What; thatC. That; thatD. What; whatThat引导表语从句18. ___C__ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. WhoB. AnyoneC. WhoeverD. The personWhoever=anyone who19. ___A_ she couldn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. What; whyB. That; whyC. What; becauseD. Why; thatWhy引导表语从句20. It was __A__ he said ___ disappointed me.A. What; thatB. That; thatC. What; whatD. That;what❖名词性从句综合练习名词性从句答题技巧：动词后面是宾从，动词前面是主从，be的后面加表从，名词后面同位语；一看陈述句语序，二看连词选什么，连接代词看缺啥，连接副词看句意；主从that不可省，同位连词都留下，三看时态四it，既作形主又形宾。
英语中从句类型
英语中从句类型
英语中的从句有以下几种类型：
1. 名词性从句（Noun Clauses）：名词性从句在句子中起到名
词的作用，可以作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
常见的名词性从句
包括宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
2. 定语从句（Adjective Clauses）：定语从句用来修饰名词
或代词，并且不能独立存在。
通常由关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that）或关系副词（where, when, why）引导。
3. 状语从句（Adverbial Clauses）：状语从句可以表示时间、原因、条件、目的、结果、方式等状语关系。
常见的引导词有连词（while, when, because, if, unless, although, since, etc.）
和疑问词（where, when, why, how, etc.）。
4. 同位语从句（Appositive Clauses）：同位语从句用来进一
步解释或说明前面的名词或代词，常由that引导，有时也可以用其
他关系词引导。
5. 感叹句型从句（Exclamatory Clauses）：感叹句型从句用
来表示强烈的感情或感叹，通常由what, how, what a引导。
6. 名词化从句（Nominalization Clauses）：名词化从句是将
一个完整的句子转化为一个名词，函数如同名词，可以作为主语、
宾语、表语等。
常见的名词化从句有不定式、动名词和现在分词作
为名词的一部分。
这些是英语中常见的从句类型，根据情况的不同，从句的结构和用法会有所变化。
句子做主语是什么从句结构类型
句子做主语是什么从句结构类型句子作为主语在语文学习中是一个重要的语法现象。
句子作为主语通常被称为主语从句，它的语法结构类型有很多。
在这篇文章中，我们将探讨有关句子做主语时的从句结构类型以及三个具体的例子。
一、什么是主语从句？主语从句是作为主语的从句，它通常由“that”“whether”“if”等引导词引出。
这种从句通常是复杂句的形式，它的语法结构比较复杂。
主语从句通常出现在主语部分，在句子中很常见。
二、主语从句的结构类型主语从句的结构类型有三种，分别是“同位语从句”、“名词性从句”和“特殊疑问句从句”。
1.同位语从句同位语从句是主语和补语中间的一个从句，它解释或指明主语或补语的内容，并且表示在数量、性质、名称、时间、地点和状态等方面解释或说明主语的内容。
同位语从句通常出现在主语中，下面是一个例子：即使父母不同意，我还是会去旅行。
In spite of the fact that my parents don't agree, I will still travel.在这个例子中，“即使父母不同意”是同位语从句，它修饰主语“我”。
2.名词性从句名词性从句也称为“宾语从句”、“主语从句”或“表语从句”，它是一个从句，作为一个名词，可以作为宾语、主语或表语出现在句子中。
通常由“that”“whether”“if”等引导词引出。
下面是一个例子：他怀疑他的女友欺骗了他。
He doubts whether his girlfriend cheated on him.在该例中，“是否他的女友欺骗了他”是名词性从句，它作为整个句子的主语。
3.特殊疑问句从句特殊疑问句从句也称为“疑问代词从句”，它通常由“what”“where”“who”“when”“why”等引导词引出，表示特殊的提问形式。
特殊疑问句从句通常修饰一个名词，也可以作为整个句子的主语。
下面是一个例子：谁能告诉我他的名字？Who can tell me his name?在该例中，“谁能告诉我他的名字”是特殊疑问句从句，它作为整个句子的主语。
主语从句_表语从句_同位语从句)
我的问题是他是否离开了
注：if不能引导表语从句
3）wh-疑问句（who/where/how..）当表语从 句为疑问的语气时，用wh-疑问句来引导，要 注意从句语序为陈述语序。 1.My question is who left. 我想问的是谁离开了 2.That’s what he wants. 那是他想要的。 3.This is where they once lived. 这就是他们曾经住过的地方。 4.That is why he didn’t come here. 这就是他为何没到这儿来的原因。
1.Africa is a big continent.
2.The patient is out of danger. 3.The sun is up. 4.The egg smells good. 5.Her job is selling computers. 主语+系动词+表语
exercises
Combine the sentences using “the fact that” Ann was late. That didn’t surprise me. Rosa didn’t come. That made me angry. I am a little tired. I feel fine except for that. Many people live in poverty. That must concern all of us. Lily didn’t pass the entrance examination. She was not admitted to the university due to that .
高中英语课件-主语从句同位语从句
Lead-in
Mr. Liu, our maths teacher, is a charming gentleman.
同位语（appositive ）
The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.
同位语从句 （appositive clause）
4. 主语从句需注意的问题
1.“if” 不能引导主语从句，应有“whether”引导。 但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句 末时，也可用if引导。 2.主语从句中用陈述语序
3.主语从句的 “that” 一般不能省。
1. ___ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.
连接词代词what/which/who 引导的同位语从句
在从句中充当成分 1.谁会出国这个问题还未决定. 2.我不知道该选哪个.
1.The question _w__h_o_ should go (主) abroad hasn’t been decided yet.
2. I have no idea w_h__i_c_h_ one I should choose. (定语)
4.连词 that/whether/who/ which
what/when/where/why/how
连接词that引导的同位语从句 that在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用.
他告诉我一个消息,他马上要从国外回国. He told me the news that he would
come home from aboard soon.
to help the other groups was received
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A 4.The news _____ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how 5.One of the men held the view ___ C the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that C some American 6.Word has come _____ guests will come for a visit to our college next week. A. what B. whether C. that D. which
特殊句式
1.I hate ____ when people talk with their mouths full．（MET98） A. it B. that C. these D. them 2. I feel ____ strange that he should be so careless. A. / B. it C. that D. how
不含有疑问意义，而_____ what 在从 句中作成分，常含有疑问意义。
Practice
I. Tell the function of the clauses in the following sentences 说出下列从句的功能：A: Appositive（同位语）; B: Attributive（定语） 1. His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable. 2. Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online. 3.The first request that he made was to ask for freedom. 4. Do you have any idea where we will be sent? 5. Is this the company where your father works? 6. This is the reason that he gave for his absence. 7. He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way.
2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that 引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任 何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词， 既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。
e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充当任何成分） 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children. （that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）
• 4._______ What I can’t understand is why he has changed his mind. That • 5.___________ the earth is round is known to us all. • 归纳： 连词_______ that 在从句中不作成分，
名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性 从句.
1宾语从句；2主语从句； 3表语从句；4同位语从句
主语从句
在另外一个句子中做主语的句 子叫主语从句。 How the book will sell depends on its author. That he is the best student in the class is obvious
what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子 成 分 ，如 主 语、 宾 语、 表 语， 而 that 则不然 。 What 引导的主语从句一般不可改为含形式主语的 句子。例如：
1) What you said yesterday is right.
It is right what you said yesterday. ×
2) That she is still alive is certain.
It is certain that she is still alive.
√
1.用that 或what 填空
what • 1. I wonder if this is ______you are looking for. • 2. Our school is quite different from what it was before. _______ that if I • 3. Father made a promise ______ passed the examination he would buy me a computer.
3、that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，故 不能用which替换；而that引导定语从句时是 代词，常可以和另一关系代词which替换。
e.g. The fact that he is from Canada is new to me. （that不可换为which） The fact that surprised me is that he is not Chinese. （第一个that可换为which，第二个 不行，因为它引导的是表语从句。）
The news that our team has won the match is true. His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.
The Differences Between Appositive clauses and Attributive Clauses
3. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.（MET92） A．while B. that C．if D．for
请你归纳 ？
为了使句子保持平衡，常用 it 来代替主 语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾 语从句放到后面，尤其是连词 that 引导 的主语从句常用于此种句式中，但what， whatever ， whoever ， whichever 引导的 主语从句一般不后置。
主语从句常用it作形式主语放句首
因而我们常见到这种句式： It+be+n./adj/-ed从句（that, whether,etc.) 例：It's a pity that you should have to leave. = That you should have to leave is a pity. It is great that I have a teacher like you. = That I have a teacher like you is great.
一.同位语从句注意点
同位语从句 引导词that只起连接 的作用不充当句子 成分 同位语从句与前面 的名词是同位关系 表示这个名词的内 容 同位语从句的that 一 般不能省 定语从句 引导词that除了引导 句子外还充当一定的 句子成分 定语从句对先行词起 修饰作用，表示“… 的”。 而定语从句中的关系 代词that，当其在从 句中做宾语时，常省 略
同位语从句
在一个更长的句子中作同位语使 用的句子叫同位语从句。 同位语与其前的词或短语表达的 是同一事物。如：
The fact that she is ill should be considered.
同位语从句
同 位 语 从 句 一 般 跟 在 名 词 fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea,answer,information,doubt, knowledge, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestion后面, 用以说明或语 从句 的不同之处
1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步 说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、 限定前面的名词。
e.g. The news that our team has won the final matchis encouraging. （从句说明“消息” 的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。） The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是 你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是 何内容却不得而知。）
Exercises
B another power station 1. The news ____ will be built cheered all the villagers. A which B that C what D whatever
A he told us is exciting. 2 The news ____
高一英语语法同步辅导
4、引导同位语从句的关联词，除that外，还可 以根据句义使用任何其它疑问代词或副词； 而定语从句不可用what, how, whether等引导。
e.g. I had no idea at all what I should do next. There is no proof whether he was killed by others.
Which of the following is wrong?
A what B\ C which D that
II. Choose the best answer
B 1.They expressed the hope ___they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when A he didn’t see Tom yesterday is 2.The fact___ true. A. that B. which C. when D. what B 3.I have no idea ____he will come back. A. where B. when C. what D. that