Art of Forgiving
The+Art+Of+Forgiving
The Art Of Forgiving And Forgiveness Is The Essence Of SpiritualityA wise man once said; "Forgiving is giving up the possibility of a better past!" Forgiveness and forgiving is not having to understand, and understanding may come later, in pieces, an insight here and a glimpse there, after forgiving. Forgiving is finding peace of mind; it is about self lovingly releasing resistance to the pain of your injury, and it is not so much an act as a journey; forgiving is a choice. Forgiving is love's toughest work and biggest risk; it is love's power to break nature's rule. Forgiving is one of the most powerful acts people can do, and by helping others to learn how to forgive will increase hope and caring in this world.Forgiving is a great virtue, and forgiveness cannot be considered as separate from virtue, or virtue as separate from forgiveness. Forgiving is all about letting go of anger, resentment and sorrow, and bring in love, compassion and tolerance.Forgiving is a spiritual grace every Christian should develop, and is something many Christians struggle with, especially when the offenses result from "deep soul wounds." The joy of being forgiven is only that of a sinner and of this earth; the joy of forgiving is Jesus Christ's own joy, the joy of heaven. Forgiving is not easy but it is a commandment from God.In prayers, we must remember that all our human forgiving is grounded in God's forgiveness of us, and all forgiving is a divine miracle which belongs to God. The Bible teaches that forgiving is not a sign of weakness, but of power.Forgiving is the essence of spirituality because it prepares us for our ultimate liberation from suffering, and Jesus says that the path to forgiving is recognizing our own debilitating need for forgiveness. Forgiving is difficult to do on your own. You need the Lord to accomplish this. Mark 10:27: "And Jesus looking upon them saith, with men it is impossible, but not with God: for with God all things are possible."But forgiving is often easier said than done. Why is it so hard to do? Still, forgiving is something you must do. Matthew 6:15 says, "But if you do not let men have forgiveness for their sins, you will not have forgiveness from your Father for your sins."Forgiving is an attribute of God, and as human beings we are expected to be forgiving and carry out that attribute of God as best as one can towards people. God is much-forgiving, and is the dispenser of grace.The Christian grace of forgiving is an essential component in the spiritual health and healing of God's children. One reason we resist forgiving is that we do not really understand what forgiveness is or how it works. We think we do, but we do not. The first person to benefit from forgiving is the one who does it, and forgiving is a journey; the deeper the wound, the longer the journey.Martin Luther once said that "forgiveness is pure happiness." To achieve this miracle of "pure happiness" and to heal from our wounds in forgiving and forgiveness; we must choose to give up our right to resentment and we must choose to re-establish compassion, generosity, and love toward the very person or people that hurt us. When we realize that forgiving is the only remedy; forgiving is something good we do for ourselves. The Art of Forgiving is itself a work of art and a gift that God has given us.By: James M MurrayArticle Directory: 。
《大卫
An Analysis of the Major Characters in David Copperfield 《大卫·科波菲尔》中主要人物的分析摘要《大卫·科波菲尔》是英国小说家查尔斯·狄更斯的代表作，被称为他“心中最宠爱的孩子”。
它于1849至1850年间，分二十个部分逐月发表。
在这部具有强烈的自传色彩的小说里，狄更斯借用大卫自身的历史和经验，从不少方面回顾和总结了自己的生活道路，反应了他的人生哲学和道德理想。
小说通过主人公大卫一生的悲欢离合，多层次地揭示了当时社会的真实面貌，突出地表现了金钱对婚姻、家庭和社会的腐蚀作用。
在人物塑造上，大卫.科波菲尔无疑倾注了作者的全部心血。
不论是他孤儿时代所遭遇的种种磨难和辛酸，还是他成年后不屈不挠的奋斗，都表现了一个小人物在资本主义社会中寻求出路的痛苦历程。
经历了大苦大难后倡导人间幸福和温暖的大卫，靠的是他真诚、直率的品性，积极向上的精神，以及对人的纯洁友爱之心。
关键词：大卫.科波菲尔；命运；正义；抗争Abstract“David Copperfield” is the representative work of British novelist Charles Dickens, which was regarded as the most beloved children by himselves. It has been divided into 20 parts published every month from 1849 to 1850. In this strong autobiograph ical novel, Dickens borrowed David’s own history and experience, reviewed and summed up his life experience, reflecting his philosophy of life and moral ideals from many aspects. The novel reveals the real appearance of society at that time at multi-level by David’s joys and sorrows, presents the corrosive effect of money on marriage, family and society. The author devoted all his efforts to create the character of David Copperfield. As a common people, whether the hardships David Copperfield experienced when he was an orphan or his indomitable struggle when he was grown up, has shown his painful of seeking a way out of the capitalist society. After experienced great sufferings, David advocated happiness and warmth, which relied on his sincere, forthright character, positive spirit, as well as the pure love to the human.Key Words:David Copperfield; fate; justice; struggleContents摘要............................................................................................................................................. I Abstract......................................................................................................................................... I I1. Introduction (1)2. Literature Reviews (3)2.1 Some Scho lars’ Views on the Novel (3)2.2 Main Views of Dickens (3)3. Background (4)3.1 Historical Background (4)3.2 The novel’s Background (5)4. The Image of main Characters in David Copperfield (6)4.1 The Image of David (6)4.1.1 Kindness of David Copperfield (6)4.1.2 Unyielding and Diligence of David Copperfield (6)4.1.3 Cruelty and Tenderness of David Copperfield (7)4.2 The Image of Other Characters (8)4.2.1 Humanity and Charity of Aunt Betsey (8)4.2.2 Senses and Intelligence of Agnes (8)4.2.3 The Mean and Shameless of Uriah Heep (9)5. Charles Dickens and His David Copperfield (9)6. Conclusion (10)Bibliography (12)Acknowledgements (13)1. IntroductionDickens was the main representative of realist literature of the 19th century. The art of witty words, nuanced psychological analysis and realism were combined together closely. He was particularly famous for his vivid comic characterizations and social criticism. He was the first author who had written the poor with fidelity and sympathy. His works were famous during Victorian age and among the great classics in all fiction.Dickens was born in February, 1812, at Landport, Portsmouth. He was the second of eight children. His father was a clerk, hardworking but imprudent, later caricatured as Mr. Micawber in David Copperfield. In 1822, the family moved to London, where Charles had to leave school to help support his impoverished family. In 1824, his father was put into prison for debt. At the age of 12, Dickens was sent to work at a factory. He wrapped and labeled for 6 shillings a week. After work, he wandered through the streets of London, enthralled by the sight of the dockyards, the files of convicts, and vast sections of the city inhabited by the poor. These bitter days remained in his memory and later found expression in his works.Dickens was able to return to school with a small amount of legacy. It helped to release his father from prison. He was an avid reader and spent much time in the reading room of the British Museum and learnt short-hand. He later returned to school for a time, this experience left a permanent mark on the soul of Charles Dickens. Even many years later, after he had become a successful author, he could not bear to talk about it, or be reminded of his family’s ignominy.At the age of fifteen Dickens began working as an office boy for a law firm. He taught himself and by 1828 he became a reporter for courts of Doctors’ Common. The dull routine of the legal profession never interested him, so he became a newspaper reporter for the Mirror of parliament, the True Sun, and finally for the Morning Chronicle. (John Forster, were later his closest friend and biographer, was also employed at the True Sun.) By the age of twenty, Dickens wasone of the best parliamentary reporters in all England.During this same period Dickens’s interest began to switch from journalism to literature. His first fiction work “Dinner at Poplar Walk” (later reprinted as “Mr. Minns and His Cousin”), appeared in the Monthly Magazine when he was twenty-one. His newspaper work had given him an intimate knowledge of the streets and by ways of London, and late in 1832 he began writing sketches and stories of London life. They began to appear in periodicals and newspapers in 1833 and in 1836 were gathered together as sketches by Boz, Illustrations of Everyday life, and Everyday People.By this time, Dickens was enjoying the luxurious life he had dreamed of as a child. In 1850, he published the last installments of David Copperfield, a partly autobiographical novel that was his favorite.In 1858 Dickens’ twenty-three-year marriage to Catherine Hogarth dissolved when he fell in love with Ellen Ternan, a young actress. The last years of his life were filled with intense activities: writing, taking part in management, and undertaking tours that reinforced the favorable view of his work, which took an enormous toll on his health. Working feverishly to the last, Dickens collapsed and died on June 8, 1870, leaving The Mystery of Edwin Drood uncompleted Characters in the novel generally belong to the following three categories: those who have disciplined hearts, those who lack disciplined hearts, or those who develop disciplined hearts over time. Characters that fall into the first category include the mature and caring Agnes Wickfield and the selfless and forgiving Mr. Peggotty. The greedy, scheming Uriah Heep and the egotistic and inconsiderate James Steerforth are examples of characters that belong in the second category. Members of the third category include David Copperfield himself, who learns to make wiser choices in his relationships through personal experience, and his aunt Betsy Trotwood, who lacks consideration for others early on, but becomes less inconsiderate over time. Dickens uses characters and events throughout the novel as comparisons and contrasts for each other in terms of wisdom and discipline. A good comparison is Agnes Wickfield and Dora Spenlow: Dora lacks maturity andis unable to handle stressful situations, often breaking out in tears, while Agnes remains calm and collected even when troubled, yielding to her emotions only rarely. Another good comparison is Ham and Mr. Peggotty, and Mrs. Steerforth and Miss Dartle: The latter two become distraught at the loss of Steerforth, allowing it to trouble them their whole lives, while the former two bear the loss of Emily with dignity and reservation. Despite the premise of this work, Dickens does not give David Copperfield a stiff or unnatural feel, making this novel a supreme display of his genius at work.2. Literature Reviews2.1 Some S cholars’ Views on the NovelScholars believe that David Copperfield’s careers, friendships, and love life were most highly influenced by Dickens’ experiences, especially when he worked as a child. Da vid’s involvement with the law profession and later his career as a writer mirror the experiences of Dickens. Many of David’s friends are based on people Dickens actually knew, and David’s wives, Agnes Wickfield and Dora, are believed to be based upon Dick ens’ attachment to Mary Hogarth. Dickens keenly felt his lack of education during his time at that factory, and according to the Forster biography, it was from these times that he drew David’s working period.These characters are not realistic and yet abound in life. There never were such people as the Micawbers, Pegotty and Barkis, Traddles, Betsey Trotwood and Mr. Dick, Uriah Heep and his mother.The story is told almost entirely from the point of view of the first person narrator, David Copperfield himself, and was the first Dickens novel to do so. Dickens based the book in part on the difficult early years of his own life.2.2 Main Views of DickensInfluenced by Carlyle, Dickens learned, as did his literary contemporaries, to direct his fiction to a questioning of social priorities and inequalities, to a distrust of institutions, particularly defunct or malfunctioning ones, and to a pressingappeal for action and earnestness. He was prone to take up issues, and to campaign against what he saw as injustice or desuetude, using fiction as his vehicle. He was not alone in this in his own time, but his name continues to be popularly associated with good causes and with remedies for social abuses because he was quite the wittiest and he have had the most persuasive, and the most influential voice. Dickens was faithful to the teaching, and to the general theological framework, of Christianity as a moral basis for his thought, his action and above all, for his writing, nevertheless. Critic awareness that there was something deeply wrong with the society in which he lived sharpened the nature of his fiction and gave it its distinct political edge. Dickens’ novels are multifarious, digressive and humorous.In an important way, they reflect the nature of Victorian urban society with all its conflicts and disharmonies, its eccentricities and its constrictions, its energy and its extraordinary fertility, both physical and intellectual. But the standard pattern in his novels is the basic conflict between money on the one hand, and loves on the other. What this conflict usually reveals is that the people who have greatest love for their fellow humans are also the ones who are most hurt by the world of money, simply because money is power. In his novels, the people who possess most money and most power seem incapable of love, whereas the people who are capable of love are very often both poor and powerless. And yet, this gloomy view is counteracted by Dickens’ comic way of dealing with his characters.3. Background3.1 Historical BackgroundThe Victorian era was considered to be the peak of English Industrial Revolution and peak of whole country. In this period, the industries of English has became the most strong country in the world and influenced many countries around the world, everything of English was the most powerful in the world.At that time, many factories were set up and spread all over the whole country and many burgeoning capitalist class came to the force. In one hand, this capitalclass has made a big contribution to the country’s development. But in the otherhand, the gap between rich and poor has enlarged; the rich became richer while the poor became poorer.The minority industry factories owners hired many workers with the deepening of economic reforming, the factories were set up more and more, so many farmlands were taken up by the bourgeois and of course a lot of people lost their home.And there is one class that is proletariat, this kind of people lived in the junk houses and in a low living standard, they had to face the starvation and disease everyday. So in that situation, the child labor was emerged, these poor children were forced to work over time and many of them even died.3.2 The novel’s BackgroundDickens made good use of his own life experience to attack the social evils of the time, the miseries of child-labor, the tyranny in schools, the debtors’ prison, as well as the cruelty and immortality and the treachery that were prevalent in Victorian England. Thus the novel was not merely a personal record, but a broad picture of the society of the author’s day.David Copperfield was a novel written in first-person point of view. It was sometimes referred to as an apprenticeship novel because it centered on the period in which a young person grows up–that is, serves his apprenticeship. Dickens based the book in part on the difficult early years of his own life. The narration changed names, locales, and other details of Dickens’s life but maintained its general tenor. For example, when Dickens was only a child, he had to leave school to work in a factory that polished some shoes. In the novel, David Copperfield has to leave school to work in a warehouse washing and labeling bottles used in thewine trade. David’s initials (D.C.) were, of course, the reverse of Dickens’s (C.D.).Of all the Dickens’ novels, David Copperfield reflects the events of Dickensown life the most. David’s early suffering was adequately compensated with a rich,happy marriage and a successful literary career, just like Dickens himself, and theworld is still full of hope and sunshine. The plot construction was rather loose, butit also excelled in its vivid characterization. The novel’s detailed narration was also worth mentioning, which gave the work truthfulness to the real life.4. The Image of main Characters in David Copperfield4.1 The Image of David4.1.1 Kindness of David CopperfieldAlthough David met some wicked persons in his life just like Mr. and Miss Murdestone, Mr. Creakle and Uriah Heep, he also had a lot of friends and helpers who made David still a kind-hearted one. That was to say, though he had known some bad qualities of the people, David remained what he used to be. In Mr. Murdestone’s house, except his mother, Pegotty was the only one who loved David. And different from his mother, she was able to protect David. When David was treated badly by Mr. and Miss Murdestone, Pegotty came to comfort him at night. And when David was sent away from home, Pegotty wrote letters to encourage him.As is known to all, P egotty was a servant in David’s family, but she did far more than a servant. To some degree, she was more like David’s mother. Even when David’s mother misunderstood her, Pegotty still took it for granted to protect and help David and his poor mother. It was her loyalty and kindness that was a greatly helped to the development of little David. And David was grateful to her, so he permitted the carrier Barkis to marry her, giving the happiness of Pegotty. It was little David’s kindness.4.1.2 Unyielding and Diligence of David CopperfieldDavid Copperfield is a typically righteous, pragmatic and progressive intellectuals. At David’s childhood, his father died. His mother remarried, due to his stepfather’ abuse, she also died. At that time, he was sent to a boa rding school, ravaged, and then was sent to the factory which liked an unbearable humiliating position as an apprentice. He left the factory to the home of aunt Betsey, she adopted him, let him study law, he did his best to learn day after day. At the same time, his character matured in suffering and frustration, ultimately went on the right path in life. Later he became a writer, and married with his girlfriend. David experienced sad moments and depressing days, never forgot his aunt’s words, “nomatter at what time, never can be selfish, never can be a virtual pseudo, decisions cannot be ruthless”, with this sentence, he always encouraged himself to be a strong person and seize the opportunity of hard-won to struggle.Although his orphan times confronted all the hardships and bitterness, his adult life had shown the painful process of a little guy in a capitalist society to find a way out. After having tasted human happiness and had gone through great pain, then he—David, relied on his sincerity, forthright character and positive spirit, he met the light at the end of the tunnel during his lifetimeBecause of so much difficulties and troubles, David had become steady in his steps in his adulthood. In his profession, his love and his friendship, David all found his best answers. He lived his life with his stability and maturity of his mind.Regarding his profession, David went on along a right road. He took to the literature and had fun in what he did. David felt more and more confidence with the success of his career. David knew that his child dream came true by his years’ hard work.And after his child wife died, David decided to give his most sincere love to Agnes, his good angel. However, he was hesitant before Agnes. He dared not to tell her “I love you”. Because he knew what the three words meant, he did not want to hurt Agnes. He thought it was for me to guard this sisterly affection with religious care. And for David Agnes was no doubt his best choice. Agnes was the light shined on his way. She was the source of every worthy aspiration, the center of his life and the right person he founded his love on a rock. For all the efforts David took, he deserved the love of Agnes. With Agnes’ love and guide, David would make his life better and became more mature and steady in his life.David also found the true friendship in his life. His old classmate, Traddle, who at school was the merriest and most miserable of all the boys, appeared at the end of the novel as a helper of David Copperfield. Traddle was still what he used to be, and he held it as a solemn duty to stand by one another. That was what we called true friend David needed.How to describe David’s happy ending. It will be proper to use David’s own words: “I see myself, with Agnes at my side, journeyin g along the road of life. I see our children and our friends around us; and I hear the roar of many voices, not indifferent to me as I travel on.”(Dickens, 2010:42)4.1.3 Cruelty and Tenderness of David CopperfieldDavid’s complex character allows for cont radiction and development over the course of the novel. David also displays great tenderness, as in the moment when he realizes his love for Agnes for the first time. David, especially as a young man in love, can be foolish and romantic. As he grows up, however, he develops a more mature point of view and searches for a lover who will challenge him and help him grow. David fully matures as an adult when he expresses the sentiment that he values Agnes’s tranquility over all else in his life.4.2 The Image of Other Characters4.2.1 Humanity and Charity of Aunt BetseyWith universal love, kindness, compassion, softhearted, heavy sentiment, although aunt Betsey hated boy, she also took him in. She taught to David: never be mean, never be hypocrisy, never be cruel, and this can be mottos of the act (Dickens, 2010: 89). She raised David in love, and then David grew healthily, finally became a famous writer. Aunt Betsey had mercy on Dick, received him, and appreciated him, to give him a comfortable and easy life. She was the guardian of Jenny, still monitoring some of the other people’s education; let them learn to protect themselves. Dora then was pampered and petted, she was not against her at all, gave her the lovely name: flowers.4.2.2 Senses and Intelligence of AgnesAgnes, a virtuous and agreeable girl, becomes a dear and loyal friend of David. In terms of appearance, moral character, knowledge and thoughts, she was almost impeccable. She was beautiful and dignified, generous and gentle, quiet and stable, thoughtful. She has a keen insight, she was of strong will, with a heart of love, and she was the spiritual support of David. Anyone would be proud of having an intimate friend like her. In Agnes’ childhood, she was his father’s butler and spiritual comfort. Her father's love was critical for her to become prematurely mature, and to assume responsibility. Caring for his father, she had to curry favor with Heep —a scumbag, but she would never succumb to the Heep, not let Heep’s sinister purpose to succeed. Her love for David was deep and long-term, and she has been quietly in love with David, but David reflected slowly, and the pursuit of love is blind. Dora was died, after many difficulties and several years of overseasexperience, David finally realized that he loved Agnes, and they married. In terms of career, life, Agnes was David’s ideal partner.4.2.3 The Mean and Shameless of Uriah HeepHeep was once an ordinary copy clerk. He used to pretend to be humble, and afterwards, he succeeded in manipulating the firm by cunning way. This forced Mr. Wickfield to almost no retreat and led to the Miss. Betsey bankruptcy. Later, Mr. Micawber stood up in time and revealed his conspiracy that framed Mr. Wickfield and led to the bankruptcy of Miss. Betsey. Though Heep was raised in a cruel environment which was similar to David’s, his upbringing caused him to become bitter and vengeful rather than honest and hopeful. Dickens described Heep as a demonic character. He referred to Heep’s movements as snakelike. Heep and David not only have opposite characteristics but also manipulated at cross-purposes. For example, Heep wished to marry Agnes only in order to hurt David. Nevertheless, for David, he was all motivated by love. The frequently contrasted between Heep’s and David’s sentiments showed Heep’s mean character.While the development of David’s character was a process of increased self-understanding, Heep grew in his desire to exercise control over himself and other characters. As Heep gained more power over Mr. Wickfield, his sense of entitlement grew and he became more and more power-hungry. But imprisonment didn’t make a difference to atone for his crime. Because he deployed his strategies to selfish purposes that gave others a hand in time, he stood out as the novel’s greatest villain.5. Charles Dickens and His David CopperfieldOne great literature, Somerset Maugham figure defined the novel as the description of the typical character in the typical environment (especially referring to the social environment). In writing this thesis, the famous definition gives some inspiration to the author. According to the theory, the influence of the other characters in this novel will be taken into consideration in the analysis of the characteristics of David Copperfield.For David Copperfield is one semi-autobiography, it will be a wise and convenient way to analyze the characteristics of the boy hero through the study of the writer himself, including his background, his experiences, his individuality and his attitude. As a result, DavidCopperfield is Dickens’ David Copperfield and there is a degree of resemblance between the two.There are a lot of proofs regarding this point, such as:Firstly, both of them had a difficult time when they were only a child and the experience as a child-labor had a deep influence on their latter life. Secondly, both of them had an uncommon love history. Especially Dora, who won the heart of David Copperfield in this novel, had the same name with one of Dickens’ children who died still an infant. And Agnes Wickfield, the final lover of David Copperfield is much like one of Dickens’ love, Georgina, a friend and helper to Dickens. Thirdly, both of them took to literature and made a great success in their career.Actually in writing this novel Dickens made a good use of his own life experience. Thus the readers may have a further understanding about the great writer by reading this work. At the same time, when we analyzing the characteristics of David Copperfield, it will be a good choice to take advantage of the study of the writer himself.6. ConclusionBorn in a singled-parent family, David was affected heavily by his weak mother. His step-father treated him badly and David’s childhood was really a nightmare. It was lucky for David to have Pegotty who helped him. Child David was innocent and kind-hearted. The runaway from Murdestone and Grinby marks the end of David’s childhood. Now David was already a young man. In this period he was on the way to be a man and began to get a further understanding of the life. The characteristics of young David are really something complex. There are both positive and negative sides in his characteristics such as sincerity, slipperiness, immaturity and self-distrust. With his aunt’s support, David got a decent profe ssion and knew much worldly knowledge in association with Mr. Spenlow. The love with Dora showed his immaturity and all of his youthful period can be defined as an immature one. Betsey Trotwood, David’s aunt played a really important role in David’s change in his characteristics. The bankruptcy of his aunt was a significant incident for David Copperfield. He had to say goodbye to yesterday, no more comfortable life and no more financial support from the wealthy aunt. The very change in David’s life was late r proved to be a big opportunity for him to make anew era in his life. Thereafter he began to work hard and did his own duty. At last Dickens made a mature boy hero, David Copperfield.The novel depicted David’s life experiences which were filled with suf ferings and laughter. Dickens portrayed the colorful face of British society, the typical image of the shape of the different social classes, especially the endless struggle of David in the face of adversity, impressiveness. David was unable to endure the abuse of his stepfather, biting the fingers of his stepfather, savagely beaten. As a result, he was locked in a boarding school. After his mother died, he was sent to the factory while he was also a child by his stepfather, living a life without enough to eat and wear, suffering all kinds of torture and abuse. However, David did not succumb to the mercy of fate, painstakingly, and finally found his aunt Betsey. The kind-hearted aunt shelter, adopted him, let him go to a better school. When he knew his aunt was bankrupted, he was not disheartened; on the contrary, he did self-improvement, indomitable perseverance and diligent study. Finally, after making efforts, he became a writer, achieved success.However, other characters were clear and vivid. Peggotty was a nurse that took care of David and his mother carefully, she was remarkably loyal. Outwardly, aunt Betsey appeared as a severe woman, but she showed her kind image by loving David and others. In addition, Ham was noble, brave and honest. Mr.Murdstone was fierce and cruel. Steerforth was selfish and arrogant.Through analyzing these images, it can be seen that no matter how difficult we are and how bitter life is, we should have a good heart, and fight against destiny positively.On the other hand, in this novel, despite the inconstancy of human relationships, life was a main background, but love was very important for people. Later, David gained great success; the reason was that a lot of people gave him much love. And the love gave him the courage to face the misery and sufferings.At the same time, it encourages people to maintain confidence in life and love.Bibliography[1].Dickens. David Copperfield.北京：清华大学出版社，2010:40-62[2].Jiang Chengyong. A History of British Fiction.杭州：浙江大学2006:301-356[3].Liu Bingshan. A Short History of English Literature.开封：河南大学出版社，1993:240-253[4].Meng Xiukun.The history of British literature and selected readings.北京：北京知识产权出版社，2008:97-123[5].程金城.原型批判与重释[M].北京:东方出版社,1998:102-154[6].狄更斯著.张宏中编译.大卫.科波菲尔（中英对照）[M] .北京：中国书籍出版社,2005:116-168[7].狄更斯著.秋明译.大卫.科波菲尔 (上下全译本)（精）[M].北京：文汇出版社,2012:75-92[8].罗经国.狄更斯评论集[M].上海：上海译文出版社,1981:243-298[9].刘炳善.英国文学简史[M].郑州: 河南人民出版社, 2001:59-81[10].刘文荣.十九世纪英国小说史[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社，2002:365-401[11].李维屏.英国小说艺术史[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，2003:183-263[12].赵炎秋.狄更斯长篇小说研究[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,1996：204-263。
礼遇显其尊重的英语作文
Respect is a fundamental aspect of human interaction and is often demonstrated through various forms of etiquette.In English,the concept of respect can be conveyed through a variety of expressions and behaviors that show consideration for others.Here is an essay that explores the importance of etiquette in showing respect:The Significance of Etiquette in Demonstrating RespectEtiquette,by definition,is a set of rules governing social behavior.It is the subtle art of treating others with consideration and respect,which is essential in fostering harmonious relationships.In the Englishspeaking world,the practice of etiquette is deeply ingrained in the culture and serves as a powerful tool to express respect.Greeting and IntroductionsThe first point of contact is crucial in setting the tone for any interaction.In English,a polite greeting such as Hello,Good morning,or How do you do?is customary.When introducing oneself or others,it is important to use titles and surnames until invited to use first names.This practice acknowledges the other persons status and personal space.Active ListeningRespectful communication involves not just speaking but also listening attentively.In English,showing that you are actively listening can be done by nodding,maintaining eye contact,and providing verbal affirmations like I see,Thats interesting,or Please go on. This demonstrates that you value the speakers input and are engaged in the conversation. Polite LanguageThe use of polite language is a hallmark of respect in English.Phrases such as Could you please,Would you mind,and I would appreciate it if are common ways to make requests without imposing.Similarly,expressing gratitude with Thank you,I appreciate your help, or Youre very kind acknowledges the efforts of others and shows gratitude.Body LanguageNonverbal cues play a significant role in conveying respect.Standing or sitting up straight,offering a firm handshake,and maintaining an open posture are all signs of respect.Conversely,slouching,crossing arms,or turning away can be interpreted asdisinterest or disrespect.Table MannersDining etiquette is another area where respect is clearly demonstrated.In Englishspeaking cultures,waiting for everyone to be served before starting to eat,using utensils properly,and not speaking with a full mouth are all signs of consideration for others at the table.Respecting Personal SpaceUnderstanding and respecting personal space is fundamental.In English,this means avoiding standing too close to someone,not touching others without permission,and being mindful of ones surroundings to ensure comfort for all.Apologizing and ForgivingWhen mistakes are made,a sincere apology expressed with phrases like Im sorry,I apologize for,or Please forgive me goes a long way in mending relationships and showing respect for the feelings of others.ConclusionEtiquette,in its many forms,is a universal language of respect.By being mindful of our words,actions,and the feelings of others,we can create an environment of mutual respect and understanding.In English,as in any language,the practice of good etiquette is not just about following rules it is about showing that we value and respect one another.This essay highlights the various ways in which etiquette can be used to show respect in Englishspeaking cultures,emphasizing the importance of consideration and understanding in all forms of social interaction.。
关于放弃的的英语作文
关于放弃的的英语作文Title: The Art of Letting Go。
Letting go is one of the most difficult things to do in life. It requires a great deal of strength, courage, and determination to release something that has been a part of our lives for so long. Whether it's a relationship, a job, a dream, or a belief, letting go can be a painful and challenging process. However, it is also a necessary step towards personal growth and self-discovery.One of the most common reasons why people find it hard to let go is fear. Fear of the unknown, fear of failure, fear of being alone, and fear of change. We hold on to things that no longer serve us because we are afraid of what might happen if we were to let go. We are afraid of losing our sense of security, our comfort zone, and our identity. However, what we fail to realize is that holding on to something out of fear only brings us more pain and suffering in the long run.Letting go is an act of self-love and self-respect. It is about acknowledging that we deserve better and that we are worthy of happiness and fulfillment. It is about releasing ourselves from the burden of carrying something that no longer brings us joy and peace. Letting go is not a sign of weakness, but rather a sign of strength and resilience. It takes courage to walk away from something that we have invested so much time, effort, and emotion into. It takes strength to say goodbye to someone or something that has been a significant part of our lives.Letting go is also about forgiveness. It is about forgiving ourselves and others for the pain and disappointment that we have experienced. It is about releasing the anger, resentment, and bitterness that we have been holding onto. It is about freeing ourselves from the past and embracing the present moment with an open heart and mind. Letting go allows us to create space for new opportunities, new experiences, and new relationships to enter our lives.In order to let go, we must first accept the reality of the situation. We must acknowledge that holding on to something that no longer serves us is only causing us more harm than good. We must be willing to surrender our attachment to the past and embrace the uncertainty of the future. We must trust that by letting go, we are makingroom for something better to come into our lives.Letting go is a process that takes time and patience.It is not something that can be done overnight. It requires self-reflection, introspection, and self-awareness. It requires us to confront our fears, insecurities, and doubts. It requires us to be honest with ourselves and to let go of the need to control everything. Letting go is a journey of self-discovery and personal growth.In conclusion, letting go is an essential part of life. It is a necessary step towards personal growth, self-discovery, and happiness. It requires strength, courage,and determination to release something that no longerserves us. Letting go is an act of self-love, self-respect, and forgiveness. It is about creating space for newopportunities, new experiences, and new relationships to enter our lives. Letting go is a journey of self-discovery and personal growth. It is a process that takes time and patience, but in the end, it is worth it. Letting go allows us to move forward with our lives and to embrace the beauty and joy that awaits us.。
英汉谚语的翻译
英语谚语的翻译1. Actions speak louder than words.行動勝於空談。
2.Advice when most needed is least heeded.忠言逆耳。
3.After a storm comes a calm.否極泰來。
4.All good things come to an end.花無百日紅（天下無不散之筵席）。
5.All roads lead to Rome.條條大道通羅馬。
6.All that glitters is not gold.閃爍者未必都是金（不可僅以貌取人）。
7.All's well that ends well.善終為善。
8.Art is long, life is short.人生苦短，而學術無窮。
9.As you sow, so shall you reap.種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆。
10.Bad news travels fast.惡事傳千里。
11.A bad penny always comes back. 惡有惡報。
12.A bad shearer never had a good sickle. {A bad workman always blames his tools.}劣工尤器。
13.The bait hides the hook.餌裏藏鉤。
14.Barking dogs seldom bite.吠叫的狗不咬人。
15.Beauty is but skin deep.美色只是一層皮。
16.Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.情人眼裏出西施。
17.Beggars must not be choosers.饑者不得擇食。
18.The best fish swims near the bottom.好魚游溪底。
19.Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a horse. {Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion.}寧為驢頭不為馬尾；寧為狗頭不為獅尾。
生活中常见的英文谚语100句
生活中常见的英文谚语100句靠山山会倒，靠水水会流，靠自己永远不倒。
If you lean on the mountain, you will fall, if you depend on water, you will never fall.水深难见底，虎死不倒威。
The depth of the water is hard to see the bottom.以下是小编精心收集整理的英语谚语，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
英文常见的简短谚语1、台上三分钟，台下十年功。
Three minutes on stage, ten years off stage.2、宁犯天公怒，莫惹众人恼。
It is better to be angry than to offend.3、老云结了驾，不阴也要下。
When the old cloud has finished driving, he will go down if he is not.4、说归说，笑归笑，动手动脚没家教。
Talk to say, smile to smile, move without tutor.5、人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。
You can't judge a man by his appearance, but you can't measure the sea water.6、有上坡必有下坡，有进路必有出路。
If there is an upward slope, there must be a downhill; if there is an approach, there must be a way out.7、人老思故乡，鸟老思巢穴。
People always think of their hometown and birds think of their nests.8、阳坡麦子阴坡谷。
The sunny slope is wheat, and the shady slope is valley.9、有一兴必有一败，有一利必有一弊。
ART FOR ART
ART FOR ART'S SAKEThe phrase ―art for art's sake‖ expresses both a battle cry and a creed; it is an appeal to emotion as well as to mind. Time after time, when artists have felt themselves threatened from one direction or another, and have had to justify themselves and their activities, they have done this by insisting that art serves no ulterior purposes but is purely an end in itself. When asked what art is good for, in the sense of what utility it has, they have replied that art is not something to be used as a means to something else, but simply to be accepted and enjoyed on its own terms.为艺术而艺术"Art for art's sake" is the usual English rendition of a French slogan, from the early 19th century, ''l'art pour l'art'', and expresses a philosophy that the intrinsic value of art, and the only "true" art, is divorced from any didactic, moral or utilitarian function. Such works are sometimes described as "autotelic", from the Greek autoteles, ―complete in itself‖, a concept that has been expanded to embrace "inner-directed" or "self-motivated" human beings."L'art pour l'art" (translated as "art for art's sake") is credited to Théophile Gautier (1811–1872). Some argue Gautier was not the first to write those words. They appear in the works of Victor Cousin, [1]Benjamin Constant, and Edgar Allan Poe. Poe argues in his essay "The Poetic Principle", thatWe have taken it into our heads that to write a poem simply for the poem's sake [...] and to acknowledge such to have been our design, would be to confess ourselves radically wanting in the true poetic dignity and force: — but the simple fact is that would we but permit ourselves to look into our own souls we should immediately there discover that under the sun there neither exists nor can exist any work more thoroughly dignified, more supremely noble, than this very poem, this poem per se, this poem which is a poem and nothing more, this poem written solely for the poem's sake.[2]Gautier, however, was the first to adopt the phrase as a slogan. "Art for art's sake" was a bohemian creed in the nineteenth century, a slogan raised in defiance of those who — from John Ruskin to the much later Communist advocates of socialist realism — thought that the value of art was to serve some moral or didactic purpose. "Art for art's sake" affirmed that art was valuable as art, that artistic pursuits were their own justification and that art did not need moral justification — and indeed, was allowed to be morally subversive.In fact, James McNeill Whistler wrote the following in which he discarded the accustomed role of art in the service of the state or official religion, which had adhered to its practice since theCounter-Reformation of the sixteenth century:Art should be independent of all claptrap —should stand alone [...] and appeal to the artistic sense of eye or ear, without confounding this with emotions entirely foreign to it, as devotion, pity, love, patriotism and the like[3]Such a brusque dismissal also expressed the artist's distancing himself from sentimentalism. All that remains of Romanticism in this statement is the reliance on the artist's own eye and sensibility as the arbiter.。
得饶人处且饶人英语地道表达
得饶人处且饶人英语地道表达得饶人处且饶人：英语地道表达In dealing with others, it is important to exercise mercy and understanding. The phrase "得饶人处且饶人" in Chinese conveys this sentiment perfectly. In English, there are several authentic expressions that capture the essence of this idea. Through this article, we will explore ways to express the concept of "得饶人处且饶人" in a natural and idiomatic manner, without resorting to literal translations or literal-minded expressions.1. Show understanding and empathyWhen someone makes a mistake or does something wrong, it is essential to show understanding and empathy. Rather than being quick to criticize or judge, try using phrases such as:- "Everyone makes mistakes, let's give them a second chance."- "It's important to put ourselves in their shoes and understand their perspective."- "We should be empathetic and forgive others for their shortcomings."2. Take a forgiving approachTo embody the spirit of "得饶人处且饶人," it is necessary to adopt a forgiving attitude towards others. Instead of seeking revenge or holding grudges, consider using expressions like:- "Forgiving someone not only frees them but also liberates ourselves from negative emotions."- "Let's strive to be the bigger person by forgiving and moving forward."- "Punishment is not always the answer, forgiveness can lead to personal growth and reconciliation."3. Extend grace and mercyIn challenging situations, it is a testament to character to extend grace and mercy to others. Instead of being harsh or judgmental, try using phrases such as:- "By showing mercy in difficult situations, we can foster understanding and compassion."- "Sometimes, offering a second chance can bring out the best in people."- "Mercy is a powerful tool to bridge gaps and heal relationships."4. Embrace the art of compromiseWhen faced with conflicts or differences of opinion, it is crucial to seek common ground and find a compromise. Express the concept of "得饶人处且饶人" by using phrases like:- "Finding a win-win solution is the best way to resolve conflicts and promote harmony."- "Let's meet halfway and find a compromise that benefits everyone involved."- "By being flexible and willing to negotiate, we can build strong and lasting relationships."5. Seek understanding and reconciliationTo embody the principle of "得饶人处且饶人," it is important to prioritize understanding and reconciliation over confrontation. Use expressions like:- "Instead of blaming, let's focus on finding common ground and working towards reconciliation."- "Building bridges of understanding is essential for a peaceful coexistence."- "Through dialogue and empathy, we can find peaceful resolutions to conflicts."In conclusion, the concept of "得饶人处且饶人" emphasizes the importance of mercy, understanding, and forgiveness in human interactions. By employing these authentic English expressions that encapsulate the essence of this sentiment, we can promote empathy, build strong relationships, and foster a more harmonious society.。
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A
wise nation will make haste to forgive , because they know the true vaule of time , and will not suffer it to pass away in unnecessary pain .
German
A spouse leaves us.
spouse[英][spaʊs][美][spaʊs, spaʊz] n.配偶，夫或妻;
vt.和…结婚;
Forgiving others
Forgiveness is the fragrance that the violet sheds on the heel that has crushed it.
treasure[英][ˈtreʒə(r)][美][ˈtrɛʒɚ]
n.金银财宝; 宝藏; 珍宝; 不可多得的人才;
vt.重视; 珍惜; 珍视; 储存;
As
we know, in World War II, Nazi Germany, deeply hurt the Jewish people.
compatriots n.同胞，同国人( compatriot的名词复数 );
Jews suffered serious physical and psychological harm to that tens of thousands of compatriots were killed.
n.王位; 宝座（ throne的名词复数 ）; 御座; 帝位;
Forgiveness and Hate,which one you would like to choose?
the day.
n.古代的( ancient的名词复数 ); 古老的; 年老的; 老式的;
World of Warcraft seize the day:及时行乐（《死亡诗社》）
warcraft[英]['wɔ:krɑ:ft][美]['wɔ:ˌkrɑ:ft] n.军舰，军用飞机; 兵法;
The day the child realizes that all adults are imperfect, he becomes an adolescent ; the day he forgives them, he becomes an adult; the day he forgives himself, he becomes wise.
Jews accepted the sincere apology, forgive the injuries they had.
Someone says,Hate is power,but Hate is a malignancy that festers and grows, stifling joy and threatening our health. Hate is power,Forgiveness is liberation.
malignancy[英][məˈlɪgnənsi][美][məˈlɪɡnənsi] n.恶意;
Forgiving yourself
I have heard one song which name is Let It Go from the movie Frozen(冰雪奇缘） if you feel tired about your target,let it go
League of Legends
legends[英]['ledʒəndz][美]['ledʒəndz]
n.传奇人物; 传说( legend的名词复数 ); 民间传说; （地图或书中图表 的）图例;
Defense of the Ancients
Forgiving yourself,seize ancients[ 英]['eɪnʃənts][ 美]['eɪnʃənts]
(一只脚踩扁了紫罗兰，它却把香留在那脚跟上，这就是宽 恕。) Mark Twain fragrance[英][ˈfreɪgrəns][美][ˈfreɪgrəns] n.芳香，芬芳; 浓馥，香气; 香水，常用于广告语;
When
two quarrel,the person who says sorry first does not mean defeat nor forgiveness. It means one treasures their relationship more than the other.
adolescent[英][ˌædəˈlesnt][美][ˌædə'lesnt]
n.少年，少女; adj.青少年的; 青春期的; 未成熟的;
word in Game of Thrones(权利的游 戏）.Everyone has the choice,even the slave,he can choose the death or to be enslaved. thrones
Just as the Dante said,Go your if you feel upset about something,let it ！ go own way,let others talk
if you feel other people can't understand you,let it go
Art of Forgiving
by~刘博 SX1508009
forgive: stop blaming or grant forgiveness say or feel that one is no longer angry
about
Behaviours
A friend betrays us. take love more seriously than friendship forget honour at the prospect of profits (重色轻友，见利忘义） A parent abuses us.