教师资格证考试教案

Unit 1 FriendshipGrammar and Useful Structures 1．Teaching objectivesLearn to use direct speech and indirect speech2. Teaching important pointSummarize the rules of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.3. Teaching difficult pointLearn about the special c ases in which the tenses shouldn’t be changed.4. Teaching methodsDiscussing, summarizing and practicing.5. Teaching proceduresStep 1 Warming upWarming up by discovering useful words and expressionsStep 2 PresentationBoys act one cartoon figure and says something.Teacher asks ―What did he/she say?‖Girls act the other cartoon figure and answer the teacher’s question.Then boys and girls exchange.The shoes are too big for me.What did he say?He said the shoes were too big for himStep 3 GrammarThe students will learn the use of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (statements and questions).First try to make clear to the students what direct and indirect speech is, with the help of the practice in Step III. Then give them some examples. At last get them to summarize the rules of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (statements and questions).T: In this part, we are to learn the use of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (statements and questions). When do we use Direct Speech and when do we use Indirect Speech?T: Now let’s look at these sentences again. If we want to change Direct Speech into Indirect Speech, what should be changed?Ss discuss by themselves.Ss: sentence structures, tenses, pronouns, adverbials of time and place and verbs should be changed.T: Quite right. Look at the form on the screen. These are the rules.一、直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化1.陈述句用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。

主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told thatHe said, ―I have been to the Great Wall. ‖→He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.He said, ―I'll give you an examination next Monday. ‖→ He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.解题步骤:―I don’t like computers,‖ Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friends that I don’t like computers .she did n’tSarah said to her friends that she didn’t like computers..2.一般疑问句间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序He said, ―Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?‖→He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.He said, ―You are interested in English, aren't you?‖→He asked whether I was interested in English.解题步骤:Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?( They asked him )―It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.‖They asked him if it is easy to improve the condition of the soilwasThey asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.3.特殊疑问句原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达，语序改为陈述句语序He said to me，―What's your name?‖ → He asked me what m y name was.He asked us, ―How many car factories have been built in your country?‖→He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.解题步骤：When do you harvest the wheat ?( They asked him )you harvest the wheatThey asked him When you harvest the wheat.He harvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.4.选择疑问句用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…He asked, ―Do you speak English or French?‖→He asked me whether I spoke English or French.I asked, ―Will you take bus or take train?‖→I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.二、在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1. 注意时态的变化Direct indirectPresent pastPast past and past perfectPresent perfect past perfectPast perfect past perfect2. 注意人称变化。

3. 注意指示代词的变化this, these(that, those)4. 注意时间的变化 now, today,this week ,yesterday,last week ,four days ago ,the day before yesterday ,tomorrow ,next month(then, that day,that week,the day before ,the week before,four days before ,two days before ,the next day,the next month)5. 注意地点的变化 here( there)6. 注意个别趋向动词的变化 come, bring (go, take)三、谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变The geography teacher said, ―The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.‖The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.2. 如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变The children said, ―We love this game.‖They told us that they love that game.3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。

She says, ―I’ll never forget the days in the country.‖She says that she’ll never forget the days in the country.从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况:1. 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候2. 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时3. 当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时4. 当引语是谚语、格言时5. 当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时Step 4 PracticeFor Ex 1, get the students to look at the sentences carefully in pairs in order to find out the difference between direct speech and indirect speech. Guide the students to find out the changes in pronoun forms, word order, adverbials and so on, especially the verb tenses, the underline parts. Ask the students to pay attention to the reporting clause.For Ex 2, ask the students to do it by themselves, then check.Exercises:1. He said , ―I m afraid I can’t finish this work.‖2.He sa id , ―I haven’t heard from him since May.‖3.Tom said ―I will see you next week.‖4. ―Why were you late again?‖ The teacher said to me.5. ―I don’t like swimming,‖ said Sarah.6. His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian.7. ―Have you been to Paris?‖ My classmate asked me.高考链接1.Readers can ________ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.A. get overB. get inC. get alongD. get through2.It’s hard for me to imagine what I would be doing to day if I ______ in love, at theage of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldn’t have fallenB. had not fallenC. should fallD. were to fall3.Father went to his doctor for _______ about his heart trouble.A. an adviceB. adviceC. advicesD. the advices4. I wonder how he ____ that to the teacher.A. dare to sayB. dare sayingC. not dare sayD. dared sayStep6 Correcting mistakesT analyses the common mistakes Ss have made during the practice.T: Now let’s look at the screen and pay attention to these sentences. Choose the right sentence and tell me why the other one is wrong.Unit 2 English around the WorldGrammar and Useful Structure1．Teaching aimsSs will be able to use direct speech and indirect speech2. Teaching important pointSummarize the rules of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.3. Teaching difficult pointLearn about the special cases in which the tenses shouldn’t be change d.4. Teaching methodsDiscussing, summarizing and practicing.5. Teaching proceduresStep 1.Discovering useful words and expressions1.Work in pairs. Do exercises 1, 2, 3 and 4. Then check the answer you’re your classmates. The teacher helps the students discover the difference in prepositions.2. Revise the phrasesbe different from, pay a role(part) in, because of, in/on a team, the number of/a number of, than ever before, even if, comp up to, over time, communicate with, be based on, make use of, have on e’s own identity, such as, Only time can tell, native speaker,Step2.Direct and Indirect SpeechRevise the grammar of unit 1Please change the direct speech into indirect speech1. He said, ―I’m going to Beijing tomorrow.2. ―What a lovely girl!‖ they sai d.3. He asked, ―Are you a teacher?‖4. ―This is the craziest thing I have heard of so far,‖ she thought.5. Mr Wang said, ―I was born in China in September, 1972.‖6. She said, ―They had left when I arrived there.‖7. She says, ―Liu Fang is good at English.‖8. He said, ―The plane takes off at 6:30 am.‖9. He said, ―Where there is a will, the is a way.‖10. ― How much do you think it will cost?‖ he said.Step3 Discovering useful structuresⅠ.Request and commandOpen your books-------------commandPlease open your books.------request (polite)Can you open your books please? --------request (polite)Could / would you please open you books? --------request (polite)1. Make clear the difference between commands and requests and finish the following exercises:1）Go and collect the wood right now.2）Could you go and get the shopping bags, please?3）Shut the door at once.4）Go and get my coat.5）Would you please get that book for me?2. Summarycommands requestsClose the door! Please ………..Get me something to eat! Would you please…….Speak louder………. Could you please……3. Change the commands into requests.Close the door! Speak louder! Keep silent! Get me something to drinkⅡ.Change a command into an Indirect Speech.told sb (not) to do sth―Open the window,‖the teacher said to the students .---------The teacher told the students to open the window.―Don’t open the window,‖ the teacher said to the students.----------The teacher told the students not to open the window.Ⅲ.Change a request into an Indirect Speechask(ed) sb (not) to do sth―Open the window, please,‖ the teacher said to the students.--------The teacher asked the students to open the window.―Don’t open the window ,please,‖ the teacher said to the students--------The teacher asked the students not to open the window.特别提醒1.祈使句变为间接引语，主要使用动词不定式。