词汇学

2014-4-7
11
2014-4-7
12

the term „word‟ is used ambiguously. To avoid the ambiguity, we need to distinguish between three different types of word: (i) a word-form (i.e. a particular physical manifestation of one or more lexemes in speech or writing); (ii) a vocabulary item (i.e. lexeme); and (iii) a unit of grammatical structure that has certain morphological and syntactic properties.
2014-4-7 9

Word
1) a fundamental unit of speech; 2) a minimum free form; 3) a unity of sound and meaning 4) having a syntactic function
What is a Word?
20
2014-4-7
课堂 表现 20
作业
30
6

In order to learn more words and meanings it is helpful to know something about the words as a phenomenon of language——their origins, the ways in which meanings develop and spread and change, their forms, their spellings and pronunciations, their idiosyncracies, the ways in which they influence human behavior, their usage and so forth. In short, to know all about them.
2014-4-7
16
vocabulary items

The distinction between word-forms and vocabulary items is important. Very often, when we talk about words what we have in mind is not word-forms, but something more abstract—what we will refer to here as LEXEMES (i.e. vocabulary items). Anyone compiling a dictionary lists words in this sense. So, although the word-forms are different, we do not find each one of them given a separate entry in an English dictionary. The grammar will be expected to provide a general statement to the effect that verbs take an -ing suffix, which marks progressive aspect, and an -ed suffix that marks both the past tense and the past participle, and so on.
2014-4-7
7


to cultivate a close and prolonged involvement with words throughout one‟s life （以词为友，终生不渝)
2014-4-7
8
Some questions about English words
1. How the word Blog come into being ? 2. Where the word Taikonaut come from? 3. Why we create the word Ms. ? 4. Why English has so many synonyms? begin, commence or start? 5. what does kick the bucket mean? 6. Do you know the story of OED? 7. Why we have unhappy, but not unsad? 8. What is the corresponding word of 地铁 in English?
2014-4-7
13


The linguistic notion of „word‟ captures three fundamentally different, but closely related, concepts that will be indicated in the following as word1,word2, and word3. To begin with, so-called „word forms‟ (i.e. word1) refer to the physical substance of words in spoken and written language: phonological word forms in speech, and orthographic word forms in writing. For example, /bç I/ and /bç Iz/ are two phonological word forms, i.e. specific combinations of sounds in the phonic medium. On the other hand, boy, boy’s, boys, and boys’ represent four corresponding orthographic word forms, or combinations of letters (and apostrophes) in the written medium. The six word forms provide the inventory of possible word-form realizations of one underlying abstract unit, the lexeme BOY.
英语词汇学
邵斌
seesky1978@
2014-4-7
1
教学内容
第一章 第二章 第三章 第四章 第五章 第六章 第七章 第八章 第九章 第十章 第十一章 第十二章 Lexicology and Words The Growth of English Vocabulary World English Lexicon Word formation in English (2 sections) Sense Relations (2 sections) (2 sections) Word Meaning Change Idioms and Proverbs English lexicography English words and sociolinguistics English words and corpus linguistics English Words and cognitive linguistics Contrastive study of Chinese andHarley. A Linguistic Introduction to English Words. Wiley-Blackwell. 2004 2014-4-7
5
Performance Evaluation

平时成绩（50％） + 期末考试(50%)
平时成绩 100
出勤
2014-4-7
14
Word forms

What we have established is that as a rule, orthographic words have a space on either side of them. But there are cases where this simple rule of thumb is not followed. There is a degree of flexibility in the way in which words are written down: being, or not being, separated by a space is in itself not a sure sign of word status. Some orthographic words which are uncontroversially written as one unit contain two words within them. They are compound words like seaway, wheelbarrow and teapot. there are forms like they’re, hadn’t and I’m which are joined together in writing.

When one is interested in racing or baseball he soon knows the names and characteristics of cars, drivers or players. He doesn‟t have to sit down and memorize lists of them. They come to him because he is interested in the subject. When one becomes involved closely with words, the same thing happens.