一般过去时的被动语态
一般过去时的被动语态

如:I was invited to Anna's birthday party last month.
上个月我被邀请去参加安娜的生日聚会了. ②一般过去时,要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时,用被动语态. 例:I cleaned my teeth twice before I got to bed last night.(变被动语态) My teeth were cleaned twice before I got to bed last night. 分析:昨晚上床睡觉前我刷了两次牙. 昨晚上床睡觉前,我的牙齿刷了两次. 解答:My teeth were cleaned twice before I got to bed last night.my teeth 是动词 clean 的承受 者,够成被动关系,结合时态一般过去时用一般过去时的被动语态 was/were+过去分词,主 语 my teeth 复数,故 were,clean 的过去分词 cleaned,故答案是 My teeth were cleaned twice before I got to bed last night. 点评:一般过去时的被动语态 was/were+过去分词的呈现,课下要理解记忆各种被动语态的 构成. 【易混淆点】 一般过去时的被动语态与现在完成时的被动语态的区别: 一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去的某个时候,其结果对现在没有影响; 而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去,但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造 成的影响和结果. A new school was built by them last year.(发生在去年的被动动作) A new school has been built by them for two years.(表示结果已经被建成) 【解题方法点拨】 ①当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,如果题干有时间状语 yesterday(昨天),the day before yesterday(前天),last …(上一个…),just now(刚刚)a moment ago(刚刚),at the age of (当…岁时),long ago(早已),once upon a time(很久以前),(如:two days)+ago(…之 前),准确时间(如:June25th 2010 等),when(当…的时候) when I was five(当我五岁 时)等.可以根据这些时间状语来确定为一般过去时态的被动语态. ②如果没有时间状语,则根据语境判断句子时态和语态. ③掌握复合句中谓语动词时态语态的用法,特别是含有宾语从句的复合句中. 【中考命题方向】 一般过去时态的被动语态是中考考查的重点,经常在词汇填空,单选题,英汉互译,动词应 用题,完形填空等中考查,题型灵活多样.
五种常用时态的被动语态

五种常用时态的被动语态:1)一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are + doneThe house is cleaned by my mother every morning.我妈妈每天早上都打扫房子。
2)一般过去时的被动语态:was/were + doneI was beaten by someone last night.我昨晚被人打了。
3)一般将来时的被动语态:will be + doneThis boy will be expelled from the football team tomorrow.这个男孩明天将被开除出足球队。
4)完成时的被动语态:has/have/had been + doneNew Concept English has been translated into many languages.《新概念英语》已经被翻译成了许多种语言。
5)进行时的被动语态:be being + doneMy bicycle is being repaired by a garage.我的自行车正在一家修理厂里维修。
标题Not for jazz总结for的用法:1)为:I bought a book for you.我为你买了一本书。
2)因为:Something fell in,for I heard a splash.一定有东西掉下去了,因为我听见扑通一声。
4)适合:Not for jazz=It's not suitable to play jazz on the clavichord.古钢琴不适合演奏爵士乐。
Question:What happened to the clavichord?to后面加宾语,表示其身上发生了什么事,即动作的目标、对象。
What happened to you?你怎么了?(在你身上发生了什么事?)(1)否定句与疑问句的被动语态We don’t believe her.我们不信她的话。
一般过去时的被动语态

动名词的句法作用
1. 作主语 A) 动名词作主语也可以用先行词it作形式主语,而 把动名词短语置于后部。这种用法通常见于:It’s no use (useless, no good, nice, fun等) + -ing,或There is no use + - ing。 B) 动名词和不定式作主语在意义上有一定的差别: 通常动名词泛指一般动作,而不定式表示具体动作。
eg.
1) The boys avoided fighting. 男孩子们避免了斗殴。
2) He suggested going out for a walk. 他建议出去走走。
3) She is good at telling lies. 她很会撒谎。
4) Before driving any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test.
eg.
1) He was clever enough to compete for the mathematics scholarship.
他很聪明,完全能获得数学奖学金。
2) These young men compete for the silver medal. 这些年轻人争夺银牌。
name v. to give a name to: 给…以名字:
一般过去时的被动语态一般过去时被动语态一般将来时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态被动语态现在进行时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态一般过去时一般过去时被动
Unit 9 I. Grammar II. Vocabulary
I. Grammar
Language focus P147
6. 一般过去时的被动语态

1. 一般过去时的被动语态:was/were + V.过去分词。
2. 一般过去时的主动语态变被动语态。
3. 一般过去时被动语态的不同句式
4. 几种特殊的被动语态
知识讲解
4. 几种特殊的被动语态 1. 有些短语动词相当于及物动词,变为被动句时介
词或副词不能去掉。
e.g. They put off the meeting because of the weather. → The meeting was put off because of the weather.
4. 系动词、不及物动词或某些短语动词(happen, take place, come true, fall asleep…)没有被动语态。
e.g. What happened to Mr. Brown? 布朗先生发生了什么事?
将下列句子变为被动语态。
1. He chose six story books the other day.
by Lisa 宾语
即学即练
将下列句子改为被动语态。 1. The family built a new house last year. →
A new house was built (by the family) last year. 2. My mother bought many vegetables yesterday. →
A. set up C. is set up
B. sets up D. was set up
典例精析
2. (北京中考) These model cars __B__ in China in 2013.
A. are made B. were made
一般过去时被动语态

1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词,时 态要与原句保持一致。 3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语,放在被动语态 里谓语动词之后, by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地 点名词,在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语。
语态转换时要注意的问题
加to 的有 pass, show, send…
4.在主动语态中,动词make, let, see, hear, feel, watch, find, notice 等后接不带to 的不定式作 宾语补足语,但变成被动语态时,后面要加 to。 如: I heard him sing in the next school. He ws heard to sing in the next school. The aman makes the boy do 3his homework. The boy is made to do his homework (by the man).
1)open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,
5. 主动结构表被动意义
This kind of shirt sells well.
cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物, 可以用主动语态表被动意义。
2). look,sound,taste,smell等系 动词用主动表被动意义。
3.
give sb. sth., lend sb. sth.等含双宾语的结构在被 动语态中如何处理呢?
①将间接宾语变为主语, 直接宾语保持不变。 ②将直接宾语变为主语, 间接宾语前须有介词 (一般是for或to)。 如: He gave me a book. I was given a book by him. The book was given to me by him. 加for 的有 draw,make, cook, mend
原创3:一般过去时的被动语态

Canonical analysis
【答案】 They sold the fridge at a low price.
The fridge was sold by them at a low price.
Canonical analysis
②Somebody stole my camera from my hotel room.
主动语态变被动语态
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e.g. Some new bikes were often stolen. 2. 强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
e.g. Your work was finished.
助记 被动语态的用法 谁的动作不知道,说出谁做没必要; 承受之人需强调,被动语态莫忘了。
Presentation
Ⅴ. 主动语态变被动语态
Canonical analysis
②(2016·天津) Paper_w__a_s_first_c_r_ea_t_e_d__about 2, 000 years ago in China.
A. is; creating B. is; created
C. has; created DD. was; created
M__y__c_a_m_e_r_a__w_a_s_s_t_o_le_n__fr_o_m__m__y__h_o_te_l_r_o_o_m__. ______ 解析:分析原句的句子结构可知,stole是谓语动词,my camera是句子 的宾语;改为被动语态句时,应将my camera作句子主语,谓语动词用 was stolen的形式。
解析:我们可用“语法分析法”解答本题。本句谓语动词 create和主语 paper(纸)之间存
被动语态的10种时态形式

被动语态的10种时态形式一、一般现在时的被动语态:被动语态的一般现在时表示主语在现在时被动地接受动作或承受行为。
构成为:be + done。
例如:1. The book is read by me.(这本书被我阅读。
)2. The door is locked by him.(门被他锁上了。
)二、一般过去时的被动语态:被动语态的一般过去时表示主语在过去时被动地接受动作或承受行为。
构成为:was/were + done。
例如:1. The cake was eaten by them.(蛋糕被他们吃掉了。
)2. The letter was written by me.(信被我写了。
)三、一般将来时的被动语态:被动语态的一般将来时表示主语在将来时被动地接受动作或承受行为。
构成为:will be + done。
例如:1. The report will be sent by her.(报告将会被她发送。
)2. The package will be delivered tomorrow.(包裹将在明天被送达。
)四、现在进行时的被动语态:被动语态的现在进行时表示主语在现在进行时被动地接受动作或承受行为。
构成为:am/is/are being + done。
例如:1. The car is being washed by the workers.(汽车正在被工人清洗。
)2. The project is being discussed by the team.(项目正在被团队讨论。
)五、过去进行时的被动语态:被动语态的过去进行时表示主语在过去进行时被动地接受动作或承受行为。
构成为:was/were being + done。
例如:1. The house was being renovated last month.(房子上个月正在进行装修。
)2. The document was being translated by the intern.(文件正在被实习生翻译。
七种被动语态形式

七种被动语态形式1) 一般现在时的被动语态(am/is/are+ 过去分词)如: The work is done during two days.2) 一般过去时的被动语态(was/were+ 过去分词)如: He was sent to the hospital immediately after the accident.3) 一般将来时的被动语态(will/shall + be + 过去分词或+ be going to + be + 过去分词)如: The work will be finished soon.4) 现在进行时的被动语态(is/am/are + being+ 过去分词)如: The bridge is now being constructed.5) 现在完成时的被动语态(have/has +been + 过去分词)如: The radio has been repaired when we phoned the shop.6) 带情态动词的被动语态(情态动词+ be + 过去分词)如: This can be done in a few minutes.7) 动词不定式的被动式(to be + 过去分词)如: It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.现在完成时的被动语态其构成是: have/has been + done现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去, 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响,。
如:1. The dirty clothes have been washed.脏衣服都已经洗了。
2. The plan has been studied by the experts for three times.这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。
现在完成时:表示从过去持续到现在,还可能继续持续下去的动作,往往和表示一段时间的状语(for+一段时间,since…, )等连用,或用于how long 句型中1. 主语是行为动作的承受者。
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compete for v. to strive with another or others to (和 attain a goal (和)……争夺;力争获取 争夺;力争获取 eg. 1) He was clever enough to compete for the mathematics scholarship. 他很聪明,完全能获得数学奖学金。 2) These young men compete for the silver medal. 这些年轻人争夺银牌。
Language focus P156 动名词 概念: 1)动名词具有名词的功能,可以起相当于名词 的作用。 2)它与其它动词非谓语形式一样,也具有动词 的某些特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语,并可同 它的宾语、状语等一起构成动名词短语。 形式: 动词原形 + ing
动名词的句法作用 1. 作主语 A) 动名词作主语也可以用先行词it作形式主语,而 动名词作主语也可以用先行词it作形式主语,而 it 把动名词短语置于后部。这种用法通常见于:It It’s 把动名词短语置于后部。这种用法通常见于:It s no fun等 ing, use (useless, no good, nice, fun等) + -ing,或There ing。 is no use + - ing。 动名词和不定式作主语在意义上有一定的差别: B) 动名词和不定式作主语在意义上有一定的差别: 通常动名词泛指一般动作,而不定式表示具体动作。
eg. 1) Who left? 谁离开了? 谁离开了 2) Who gave you that book? 谁给你的那本书? 3) What are you having for dinner? 你晚饭吃什么? 你晚饭吃什么 4) What did she say? 她说什么了? 她说什么了 5) Whom did you meet in the street yesterday? 昨天你在街上遇见了谁? 昨天你在街上遇见了谁
stage v.to arrange and carry out: 发起;举行, 上演 eg. 1) Next year shanghai will stage a boxing match. . 明年上海将进行一台拳击比赛。 2) Our school stages a play every year. 我们学校每年上演一台戏
2) A memorial meeting was held in his honor. 举办了纪念会以悼念他。
价值…的,顶得上 worth prop./a. 1) 价值 的,顶得上 eg. 1) This is a car worth $20,000. , . 价值2 价值2万美元的一辆小汽车。 2) How much is this toy worth? That toy is worth ? little. . 这玩具值多少钱?这个玩具不值钱。 3) A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. . 双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。
eg. soldier? 1) Was the song composed by a soldier? 这首歌是由一名士兵创作的吗? 这首歌是由一名士兵创作的吗? 2) Such books were written for children. 以前这种书是儿童读物。 3) We were shown the machines they had turned out. 他们让我们参观了他们生产的机器。
represent v. to stand for; symbolize: 代表代表;象 征: eg. 1) The bald eagle represents the United States. 秃鹰象征了美国。 2) These stones represent armies. 那些石头代表部队。
连词 If 引导的真实条件, 引导的真实条件, 概念: 1) 条件状语表示“如果……,那么 条件状语表示“如果 ,那么……”, 这种条 ” ,那么 件是可以实现的。 2) if 引导的从句位于主句之前时,要用逗号。在主 句之后则不用逗号。 如果条件状语是将来时, 3) 如果条件状语是将来时, 只能用一般现在时表示。 形式: 从句:If 从句:If 主语 + 谓语(一般现在时), 主句:主语 + will/won’t(情态动词)+ 动词 原形 will/won t 情态动词)+
name v. to give a name to: 给…以名字: 以名字: eg. 1) We named the child after both grandparents. 我们以孩子祖父母的名字给他取名。
2) The boy was named George after his uncle. 那孩子随他舅父的名子取名乔治。
2. 作宾语和介词的宾语 (有些动词后面只能接动名词 作宾语,不能接动词不定式。例如: suggest, avoid, enjoy, admit ,mind, consider …) ) eg. 1) The boys avoided fighting. . 男孩子们避免了斗殴。 2) He suggested going out for a walk. . 他建议出去走走。 3) She is good at telling lies. . 她很会撒谎。 4) Before driving any of the buses, they will have to , pass a special test. 在驾驶公共汽车前, 在驾驶公共汽车前, 他们必须通过专门测验。
Unit 9 I. Grammar II. Vocabulary
I. Grammar
Language focus P147 一般过去时的被动语态 概念:被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 概念:被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 在以下三种情况下,常用被动语态。 在以下三种情况下,常用被动语态。 1) 强调动作的承受者,而不强调施动者。 ) 强调动作的承受者,而不强调施动者。 2) 不必提及施动者。 ) 不必提及施动者。 3) 不知道施动者。 ) 不知道施动者。 详见书本P148 详见书本
(have an/the) effect on n. the result of a particular influence 影响;效果;作用 eg. 1) The medicine had the effect of making me sleep. 我吃了这种药想睡觉。 2) This had a great effect on on the future of both mother and son. 这件事对母亲和孩子的未来都有极大的影 响。
II. Vocabulary
Activity 1 one’s in honor of … = in one s honor 为了(纪念或表示敬 意而举行某活动) eg. 1) I have cooked a special meal in honor of our visitors. 我做了一道特殊的菜向我们的来客表示敬意。
Language focus P151 (详见P151 P151) 构词法 (详见P151)
Language focus P153 对主语和宾语提问的疑问词 1) 疑问代词 who 在疑问词中充当主语,对主语提 问不用助动词。 形式: 其它成分? 形式:who + 谓语动词 + 其它成分? whom在疑问词中充当宾语, 2) 疑问代词 what / whom在疑问词中充当宾语, 对宾语提问要用助动词。 形式: 其它成分? 形式:what + 助动词 + 动词原形 + 其它成分?
eg. 1) You may stay here if you keep quiet. . 如果你保持安静你可以待在这儿。 2) If I have time, I ll go to the meeting together with , I’ll you. 如果我有空,我将和你一起去开会。 3) If that is true, what should we do? , 假设那是真的我们该怎么办呢? 假设那是真的我们该怎么办呢? 4) She will play the piano only if she is paid. . 只有付给她报酬,她才愿意演奏钢琴
in advance 先 eg.
ahead of time; beforehand. 提前;
1) They used to pay the rent in advance. 他们老是预付房钱的。 month’s 2) I received one month s salary in advance. 我得预支一个月得薪水。
Activity 12 bid (for) v./n. offer or propose (an amount) as a price. 出 价,投标 eg. 1) He bid $5 for an old book. 他为一本旧书出价5 他为一本旧书出价5美元。 2) Park wants to sell his farm, and he has already had two large bids for it. . 帕克想卖掉他的农场,并且已经有两个出大价的 买主。
eg.
than by bus. 与汽车相比,乘火车更舒适。
1) Traveling by train is more comfortable
2) It is no use talking so much about this. . 这种事多说也无济于事。
动名词和不定式的区别 1) Selling old houses is difficult. 卖老房子是困难的。(泛指一般动作) 卖老房子是困难的。(泛指一般动作) 2) To sell my old house is difficult. 把我的老房子卖出去是很难的。( 把我的老房子卖出去是很难的。(谈论一个 特定的动作) 特定的动作)