高中英语--完型填空逻辑关系(附注释)
高考英语完形填空精讲
完形填空精讲（逻辑+辨析）一、可能遇到的问题：1.单词不认识2.题目不会做应对策略:3.先背中考单词4.先学方法，再背单词5.做完一篇背一篇的选项中的单词6.做完一篇背一篇全文中的单词二、文章结构角度分析：1.总分结构：总——分；总——分——总任何一道题不会做看首段首句（首段出中心）2.文章首段首句不出题首段首句是文章中心，如果出题，不影响对中心的理解。
3.分段首句出题---总分对照分段中心：1)看文章首段首句；2)看该段内容[论据—> 论点] 看哪个选项符合中心论点做完分段后的题三、文章内容角度分析：1.议论文和说明文：首段首句一定是文章中心2.记叙文：花朵文、栋梁，价值取向：1.一帆风顺2.经历波折读完第一句，必须知道行文方向。
事物一定具有不完美性，最终价值取向一定是真善美。
3.★★★倪萍逻辑——根据已知信息推出答案春节联欢会突出了________的主题 DA吉祥 B幸福 C中国梦D联欢车轱辘话来回说，不同的门，门的功能不同，功能不同的门。
为什么选A不选B？1.因为A有线索和依据，而B没有。
2.A的线索和依据比B多。
完形通读全文是错的，读完首句就知道全文内容。
任何一道题不会做，就看首段首句，有惊喜。
四、具体解题技巧1.动词<1>看主语①主语是人还是物②是否能接相应动词（主语能不能发出这个动作）<2>看宾语①宾语是人还是物②特殊规定；只能用to do/ doing作宾语口诀接不定式作宾语的动词【速记口诀】三个希望两答应，两个要求莫拒绝;法学会做决定，不要假装在选择。
【妙语诠释】三个希望两答应：hope，wish，want，agree，promise两个要求莫拒绝：demand，ask，refuse设法学会做决定：manage，learn，decide不要假装在选择：pretend，choose跟不定式的动词口诀希望想学就同意(hope/wish；would like/want；learn；agree) 需要决定就选择(need；decide（决定）；choose（选择）)开始喜爱又讨厌(begin/start；like/prefer/love；hate)忘记又记住停止又继续尝试(forget；remember；stop；go on；try)to do、doing意不同命令、警告邀人教(order；warn（警告）；ask/tell/invite请/叫/邀请；teach sb. to do)希望想让别人做（wish；want/would like；get（使得，答应）/allow（允许）sb.to do）五看三使役，(see/look/watch/notice/observe（观察）；make/let/have（使得，让）二听一感半帮助，(hear/listen to；feel；(to)help)（即“一感”“二听”“三让”“四看”口诀）主动to字要离去，被动to要回府。
解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系
解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系1因果关系文中前后句之间是因果关系时，两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词，如：because, so, as a result等；但是，有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词，这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。
[例1] He might not have done this particularly well, 46 the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there appealed to him. (2017年江苏卷)46. A. because B. butC. thoughD. so解析：本题考查表示前后句之间逻辑关系的连接词。
句意：他也许弹（钢琴）得并不特别好，因为老师说他对音乐的领悟能力不错，并建议他去乐器贮藏室看看是否有令他喜欢的乐器。
他弹得不够好，也许是因为钢琴不太适合他，是因果关系，故选A。
[例2] They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. (2017年北京卷)36. A. jumping B. eatingC. cryingD. waving解析：后一句中的“the man was homeless and hungry（这个男人无家可归且饥肠辘辘）”表示原因，本句表示结果，即前果后因。
由因推果，可知“他们看见一个男人正在捡垃圾桶里的食物吃”，故选B。
2条件关系条件关系就是指从句提出一种条件，主句说明在这种条件下产生的结果。
高考完形填空的四种逻辑
完形填空四种逻辑转折逻辑1.文中转折：当上下文中出现but, yet, however, nevertheless(nonetheless), though，while, whereas，by(in) contrast, in comparison, conversely，on the contrary, despite，in spite of，instead，rather than等表示转折关系的词时。
2.选项转折：当选项中出现but，yet，however，nevertheless，though，despite，in spite of 等字样时。
Nevertheless ADV You use nevertheless when saying something that contrasts with what has just been said.然而例：Although the market has been flat, residential property costs remain high. Nevertheless, the fall-off in demand has had an impact on resale values.尽管市场一直疲软，房价持续偏高。
然而需求的减少还是对二手房价格产生了影响。
Whereas而(引导与主句内容相对比的评论)CONJ例：Benefits are linked to inflation, whereas they should be linked to the cost of living.救济金与通货膨胀联系了起来，而它们应该与生活费用挂钩。
Conversely 相反地ADV例：Malaysia and Indonesia rely on open markets for forest and fishery products. Conversely, some Asian countries are highly protectionist.马来西亚和印度尼西亚依靠开放的市场获取林业和渔业产品。
完形填空逻辑关系整理
完形填空逻辑关系整理一、逻辑关系题1.对立关系【前后内容的含义相互对立】●表示对立关系的标志词汇：while，whereas，unlike，contrary to，in contrast (to)，rather than，on the contrary，by contrast， of，not...but...，against，ignore，conversely，opposite等2.转折关系【对立关系的一种】●与对立关系的区别：对立关系的两方完全相反，转折关系只要前后意思不一致即可●表示转折关系的标志词汇：but，however，yet，nevertheless，while，otherwise等●说明：由于转折关系以及让步关系都可以属于对立关系，所以表示这三种关系的部分标志词汇有时可以通用3.让步关系【对立关系的一种；让步即为退一步说，即使条件变了也不影响结果】●比转折关系的程度要浅一些●表示让步关系的标志词汇：although，though，while，even，even though，evenif，in spite of，anyway，despite，regardless of等4.一致性关系【前后内容表意一致，如并列关系】●并列关系●与对立、转折、让步关系相反，只要文章前后句语义一致，便是并列关系。
或者，只要看到表示并列关系的标志词汇，就可以判断出文章前后句的语义一致●表示并列关系的标志词汇：also，besides，along with，indeed，and，likewise，or，not only...but also...，(n)either...(n)or...，that is to say，similarly，in the same way，the same as，as well as，like，meanwhile等●其他一致性关系【没有表示并列关系的词汇，也没有表示对立、转折、让步等关系的标志词汇时，基本可以判定上下文之间存在一致性】●上下文语义一致【没有对立、转折、让步等逻辑关系时，可以默认上下文之间为并列或顺承关系，即上下文语义一致】●前后词类一致【在某一特定场景下用到同一类词】●感情色彩一致●同义复现【上下文中出现过与空格里所需选择的词相一致的词语或者与空格所在句子相一致的句型】5.递进关系【并列关系的一种，程度更深】●表示递进关系的标志词汇：indeed，above all，furthermore，what's more，moreover，still（与比较级连用时），instead，even，in particular等6.因果关系【包括因和果两个部分】●表原因：because，in that，now that，since，as，for，after all，as a result of，considering that，seeing that等●表结果：so(...) that(...)，such that，as a result，lead to，consequently，therefore，hence，thus，so等7.总分关系/举例关系#非常重要●前后讲的是同一件事情，前面总述（通常有复数名词），后面分述（通常有单数名词），或者前后是同一个范畴内的事物，前总后分；或前面提到了一个较为抽象的事物或概念，后面将其具体化，实现从抽象到具体的过程●表示总分关系的标志词汇：for example，for instance，such as，to illustrate，like（比如），to take an example，let’s imagine，more specifically speaking，according to，in particular（放在例子后）等8.条件关系【一部分提到了某个条件或假设，其他部分则说明在这种条件或假设下会产生何种结果】●表示条件关系的标志词汇：if，so long as，only if，unless，as long as，supposethat，supposing，provided that，in case，when，with等9.列举关系●表示列举关系的标志词汇：first，second，last，to begin with/to continue，next，first/then，on one hand/on the other hand，for one thing/for another，one/another，some/others/still others等10.解题方法●同义相斥原则（看选项）●while，whereas都表示对立关系，但同时出现时，因为while比whereas更正式，故选择while●indeed和其他表示递进关系的标志词汇相比，更加注重强调，因此当逻辑关系是递进逻辑时，选择indeed●not题：在空格（题目）前后出现“not”单词●选择表示对立/转折/让步关系的标志词汇●除第一段以外的段首如果让填逻辑关系词，则选择对立关系词；若无对立关系词选项，则选择递进关系词●如果逻辑关系词前后内容有包容性，即总分关系，则选择举例关系词二、动词题1.根据主语和宾语的逻辑关系做题2.看主语—是人还是物●主语必须是人的动词：doubt，intend，require，regard，be impressed by，believe，notice等●主语必须是物的动词：manifest等●主语可以是人或物的动词：show等3.看宾语—是人还是物●只能跟人作宾语的谓语动词：assure，impress，side with（赞同），share with等●可跟人跟物的动词：ensure，agree with等●说明：在确定选项范围缩小至assure与ensure时，选择ensure；同理，在确定选项范围缩小至side with与agree with时，选择agree with4.看宾语—是抽象名词还是具体名词●抽象名词作宾语：enhance（quality）等●具体名词作宾语：fasten（系紧），label（贴标签），feed等●宾语既可以是抽象名词也可以是具体名词：tighten等●说明：在确定范围缩小至fasten与tighten时，选择tighten5.根据动词后的介词及介词后的宾语三、形容词题1.形容词作定语时，形容词修饰的名词是解题线索2.形容词作表语时，主语就是解题线索3.形容词修饰名词时，并且名词后有定语或同位语，则形容词修饰的名词、名词后的定语或同位语同时作为解题线索4.副词修饰形容词时，副词就是解题线索四、名词题1.名词作主语时，谓语和宾语就是解题线索2.名词作宾语时，主语和谓语就是解题线索3.名词作表语时，主语就是解题线索4.名词被定语修饰时，定语就是解题线索5.介词后填名词时，通常考察固定搭配五、副词题1.根据副词所修饰的对象来做题2.根据副词所在语境来做题3.根据文章中心来做题。
完型填空中六种常见逻辑关系
因果关系
because
in that
due to
thanks to
owing to＋原因
since
now that
eversince
because of
on account of
in response to＋原因
lead to
contribute to
result in（前因后果）
01-31, 03-28, 05-20
*such as与for example(instance)区别
such as前：名词复数后：单数或复数关系：总分或包括
for example(instance)状语性短语，后面一般不直接加n.,且前后有“，”隔开
列举关系
first-then, to begin with-to continue(next), on one hand-on the other hand, for one thing-for another thing, one-another, some-others-still others, in the first place-in the second place-finally, first-second-last of all
完型填空中六种常见逻辑关系
并列关系
and,as well as ,or,likewise（同样地）, similarly, simultaneously, in the meanwhile, meanwhile（在这期间，同时）,neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, more…than
Likeme, she enjoys all kinds of music.
高三英语完形填空上下文逻辑关系判断单选题30题
高三英语完形填空上下文逻辑关系判断单选题30题1.She was very tired, so she decided to take a break.A.becauseB.butC.soD.although答案：C。
本题考查因果关系。
句子前半句说她非常累，后半句说她决定休息一下，很明显是因果关系，所以选so。
A 选项because 虽然也是表示因果关系，但通常用于原因在前，结果在后；B 选项but 表示转折关系；D 选项although 表示让步关系。
2.He studied hard, so he passed the exam.A.becauseB.butC.soD.although答案：C。
本题同样考查因果关系。
他努力学习，所以通过了考试。
so 符合因果逻辑。
A 选项原因在后不符合本题逻辑；B 选项转折关系不恰当；D 选项让步关系不合适。
3.There was a heavy rain, so the ground was wet.A.becauseB.butC.soD.although答案：C。
有大雨所以地面湿了，是因果关系。
A 选项逻辑反了；B 选项转折不对；D 选项让步关系不适用。
4.She was sick, so she didn't go to school.A.becauseB.butC.soD.although答案：C。
生病所以没去上学，是因果关系。
A 选项逻辑不对；B 选项转折不恰当；D 选项让步关系不符合。
5.The road was blocked, so we had to take another route.A.becauseB.butC.soD.although答案：C。
道路被堵所以我们不得不走另一条路，是因果关系。
A 选项原因在后不合适；B 选项转折错误；D 选项让步关系不恰当。
6.She thought she could finish the work quickly. However, it took her much longer than expected.The word “However” indicates a(n) ____ relationship.A.cause and effectB.additionC.contrastD.example答案：C。
高中英语完形填空十种逻辑关系梳理
高中英语完形填空十种逻辑关系梳理1因果关系文中前后句之间是因果关系时，两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词，如：because, so, as a result等；但是，有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词，这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。
[例1] He might not have done this particularly well, 46 the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there appealed to him. (2017年江苏卷)46. A. because B. butC. thoughD. so解析：本题考查表示前后句之间逻辑关系的连接词。
句意：他也许弹（钢琴）得并不特别好，因为老师说他对音乐的领悟能力不错，并建议他去乐器贮藏室看看是否有令他喜欢的乐器。
他弹得不够好，也许是因为钢琴不太适合他，是因果关系，故选A。
[例2] They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. (2017年北京卷)36. A. jumping B. eatingC. cryingD. waving解析：后一句中的“the man was homeless and hungry（这个男人无家可归且饥肠辘辘）”表示原因，本句表示结果，即前果后因。
由因推果，可知“他们看见一个男人正在捡垃圾桶里的食物吃”，故选B。
2条件关系条件关系就是指从句提出一种条件，主句说明在这种条件下产生的结果。
江苏高考英语二轮复习专题突破：专题二 完形填空第五讲 逻辑关系
piano and found it 42.easy to pick out tunes.
40.A.Therefore
B.However
C.Thus
答案 B [此处是D说.M，oGreaobvreirel在一次音乐课上意外发现自己
很喜欢音乐，此处所表达的含义与上一段是转折关系，故选
B。]
5.对比关系 当前后句的逻辑关系为对比关系时，两句在意义上应具有明 显的差异，以便进行对照比较。常见关联词：while, whereas, not...but, instead等。
manage管理。]
3.让步关系 一般说来，让步关联词分为介词类和连词类。介词类的让步 关联词有despite，in spite of, regardless of等，连词类有though， although，as和while以及even if, even though等。
[典例3] (2019·宿迁市高三期末测试) When Lyndsay and Matthew took home their newborn twins a
teacher told Gabriel that he had a good 47.ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there 48.appealed__to him. 46答.A案.becaAuse [句意：B他.bu也t 许弹(钢琴C).得tho并ug不h 特别好，因D为.s老o 师
__24__ them.If they run out of certain daily necessities，Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed.If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never __25__ to buy them a meal. 24答.A案.assisAt [根据上B文.w可atc知h，他不仅提供C搭.u载rg服e 务，当D学.w生a遇rn
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
完型填空---逻辑关系的利用教学目标：本课将从上海高考英语完型填空的题型特点出发，结合具体实例，归纳和讲解逻辑关系在解决完型填空题时的作用，以期能帮助高三学生提高做题能力。
授课重点：分析上海高考英语完型填空题的命题特点，结合实例解析逻辑关系在解决相关题目时的作用。
Introduction对于一篇文章而言，其段与段、句与句之间的衔接都包含着严密的逻辑关系。
因此，把握好前后两个句子或两个段落之间的逻辑关系自然可以在一定程度上提高学生在做完型填空相关题目时的准确率。
上海高考常见的逻辑关系题主要有：1）通过明确前后逻辑关系选择适当的连词。
2）通过已知连词所表达的逻辑关系为空格处选择适当的词或短语。
Presentation（1）Everyone knows how the story of Cinderella ends, but did you ever really think about how she spent her days before she met the prince? Her daily ___1___ was not fascinating. She did everything from sweeping the floor to cooking the meals. If someone had as ked Cinderella, “Are there any kinds of ___2___ work that you particularly hate?” she probably would have answered, “Why, none, of course. Housework is my duty!” In the real world, ___3___, most people have definite ___4___ for certain sorts of housework. Two of these tasks are ironing clothes and washing dishes.Ironing clothes is most hated ___5___ it is not a task that can be completed quickly or thoughtlessly. Each piece of clothing must be handled ___6___, so ironing a basket of laundry can take hours! After ironing a piece of clothing with great care, you need to place it on a hanger as soon as possible. If you do not followthese directions carefully, it might become ___7___ and you have to start over. Perhaps that is why ironing is not a ___8___ thing to do. It ___9___ extreme attention to detail from beginning to end.Another household job that many people dislike is washing dishes.___10___, some people claim that this work is no longer a problem because we havedishwashers now! However, no one would ___11___ that dishes, silverware, and ___12___ pots and pans washed in a dishwasher don‟t come out as clean as they do when washed by hand. For this reason, many of us___13___ to wash our dishes by hand, but we are not necessarily happy doing it. Cleaning dishes is a job that not only takes a lot of energy but also__14___ the patience to wash and dry them. ___15___, unlike ironing clothes, washing dishes is a thing that usually must be done every day. I don‟t know how Cinderella felt about this particular task, but I believe that most people hate it as much as I do.1. A. parade B. pattern C. routine D. response2. A. household B. patriotic C. invisible D. mechanical3. A. moreover B. hence C. however D. therefore4. A. desires B. dislikes C. opinions D. appeals5. A. but B. because C. although D. so that6. A. gracefully B. briefly C. individually D. neutrally7. A. suspended B. transferred C. leaked D. wrinkled8. A. favourite B. regular C. primary D. painful9. A. calls on B. calls for C. takes on D. takes for10. A. As a result B. In fact C. Of course D. For example11. A. argue B. admit C. agree D. assume12. A. occasionally B. constantly C. especially D. classically13. A. attach B. refuse C. continue D. engage14. A. reduces B. regulates C. removes D. requires15. A. In addition B. In a word C. On the contrary D. By contrast其他答案解析：1.选C. 利用上下文信息解题。
根据后文She did everything from sweeping the floor to cooking the meals. 知道此处应选C。
daily routine意为：日常工作。
parade（游行，检阅），pattern（花样，图案），response（回答，响应）均不符合文意。
2.选A. 利用上下文信息解题。
由上文She did everything from sweeping the floor to cooking the meals.知道灰姑娘从早到晚都在做家务，故选A. household。
7.选D. 利用句内语义线索解题。
句意为：如果你没有仔细遵循这些指令，衣服可能会变皱，你不得不重新熨烫。
wrinkled表示皱的。
suspended（被暂时搁臵的），transferred（转移的、调动的），leaked（漏的）均不符合句意。
8.选A. 利用词汇、语义复现解题。
由此段第1句Ironing clothes is most hated知道此处应选A。
not favourite与hated语义一致。
9.选B. 利用句内语义线索解题。
句意为：熨烫衣服由始至终都需要极其关注细节。
call for 表示需要、要求。
call on（号召、拜访、请求），take on（承担、呈现），take for（把…认为是…）均不符句意。
11.选A. 利用句内语义线索解题。
句意为：没有人会争辩用洗碗机洗出来的盘子，银餐具，尤其是壶和平底锅不如手洗的干净。
argue表示争论、争辩。
14.选D. 利用句内语义线索解题。
句意为：洗盘子需要耐心。
（2）No one would be willing to pay one-third of the price for the packaging or wrapping of what he or she purchases. But over-packaging has become a disease that leads to an ___1___ waste of resources and ___2___ environmental pollution.The wasted packaging materials are ___3___ to be worth about 280 billion yuan annually. And such packages and wrappings thrown away by customers ___4___ up half of the volume of solid waste in cities. ___5___, it is high time that regulations were ___6___ to stop enterprises from spending too much on unnecessary packaging and wrapping.To produce paper packaging or wrapping, many more trees have to be cut down. Over-packaging also limits the interest of consumers when they have to spend quite a high percentage on something that they will have to throw into the dustbin. The simple truth is that the more a producer spends on packaging, the ___7___ the products it sells will be.Product packaging and wrapping used to be very simple 30 years ago. "Shabby" was the word many had used to ___8___ the way Chinese products were packaged. And shabby packaging was blamed for making Chinese products ___9___ in the international market.It is ___10___ to pay enough attention to packaging or wrapping products in such a manner that they can be ___11___ to customers' eyes. But that does not definitely justify that packaging should even outshine what is inside.In the Chinese proverb, “maidu huanzhu,” the buyer returns the pearl and just keeps the case because the ___12___ is too fancy and luxurious. It not only laughs at the poor ___13___ of the buyer, but also criticizes the unnecessary ___14___ the seller has made in making the case. Another message from the proverb is that over-packaging helps cultivate an ___15___ consuming attitude -- to buy fancy-looking stuff but not what they really need.1.A. enormous B. available C. invisible D. illegal2.A. results from B. contributes to C. depends on D. calls for3.A. predicted B. required C. acknowledged D. estimated4.A. look B. hold C. make D. add5.A. However B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Furthermore6.A. observed B. broken C. adopted D. forbidden7.A. better B. more expensive C. cheaper D. more useful8.A. recommend B. praise C. consider D. criticize9.A. popular B. impressive C. unattractive D. qualified10.A. ridiculous B. incredible C. unnecessary D. reasonable11.A. accustomed B. appealing C. similar D. grateful12.A. former B. next C. other D. latter13.A. judgment B. eyesight C. appetite D. health14.A. contributions B. efforts C. progress D. use15.A. unfamiliar B. unhealthy C. unnatural D. unavoidable其他答案解析：1.选A. 利用句内语义线索解题。