FLUID-ROCK INTERACTION AND MASS BALANCE IN DEFORMED ROCKS OF THE IRTISH TECTONIC ZONENORTH

合集下载

复合材料螺旋桨流固耦合数值计算

复合材料螺旋桨流固耦合数值计算

华中科技大学硕士学位论文摘要作为常见的船舶推进装置,螺旋桨具有几何形状简单、安装使用方便、推进效率高等特点。

但随着船舶事业的飞速发展,船舶逐渐向大型化、高速化的特点发展,对船舶螺旋桨性能的要求越来越高。

现阶段的常规材料螺旋桨具有噪声大、不耐腐蚀、使用寿命较短等缺点,因此近年来螺旋桨材料发生了巨大的变化。

由于新型材料的物理性质发生了变化,螺旋桨的流固耦合问题引起了越来越多的关注。

本文主要对DTMB 4119螺旋桨流固耦合问题进行以下方面的研究工作:(1)针对DTMB4119螺旋桨在不同工作工况下,研究流体计算网格量对螺旋桨敞水性能的影响;采用标准k-e、RNG k-e、SST k-w湍流模型,研究分析湍流模型对螺旋桨敞水性能的影响,并与参考文献给出的试验结果进行对比分析,从结果来看采用RNG k-e湍流模型的计算结果与文献误差最小。

(2)采用三种材料属性不同的各向同性材料,对螺旋桨水动力性能与结构响应特性与材料属性之间的关系进行探究。

从仿真结果来看,材料属性对前两种材料螺旋桨影响较小,流体与固体之间的相互影响可以忽略不计;而对玻璃纤维材料螺旋桨的影响较大,纤维材料螺旋桨的敞水性能、流场特性以及桨叶的应力应变、变形都有明显的变化。

(3)计算考虑铺层方式的流固耦合特性。

结果表明,层铺方式对螺旋桨水动力性能影响较小,但对螺旋桨的应力应变影响较大。

关键词:流固耦合,复合材料螺旋桨,水动力性能,结构响应特性,铺层方式华中科技大学硕士学位论文AbstractPropeller, as a common propulsion device, has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient use and high efficiency. But with the rapid development of the shipbuilding industry, the ship develops towards the characteristics of large scale and high speed, which also requires more. At present, the conventional propeller has many disadvantages, such as large noise, no corrosion resistance, short service life and so on, so many new type propellers have emerged. And due to the change of material properties, the fluid - structure interaction of propellers has attracted more and more attention.In this paper, the following two aspects are carried out on the two ways fluid- structure interaction of propeller:(1) For the DTMB4119 propeller under different working conditions, using the standard k-e, RNG k-e and SST K-W turbulence model, the open water performance of the propeller is calculated by numerical simulation. The results are compared with the experimental results given in the reference literature. The results show that the error between the RNG k-e turbulence model and the literature are minimum.(2) Three isotropic materials of alloy steel, nickel aluminum bronze and glass fiber are used to investigate the relationship between the hydrodynamic performance of a propeller, the response characteristic of the structure and the properties of the material. From the simulation results, the material properties have little influence on the first two kinds of material propellers, and the interaction between the fluid and the solid can be ignored, but the effect on the propeller of glass fiber material is larger. The open water performance, the flow field characteristics and the stress strain and deformation of the blade have obvious changes.(3), Calculating and comparing the fluid solid coupling characteristics of Considering the effect of composite stacking mode on composite propeller. The results show that the stacking mode method has little effect on the hydrodynamic performance of propeller, but it has great influence on the stress and strain of propeller.Key words:FSI, composite propeller, open water performance, structure response stacking mode华中科技大学硕士学位论文目录摘要 (I)Abstract (II)1 绪论1.1课题研究背景及意义 (1)1.2复合材料螺旋桨的应用与研究现状 (2)1.3论文主要研究内容 (7)2 数值计算基本理论2.1引言 (8)2.2计算流体力学基本原理 (8)2.3结构计算相关理论 (11)2.5本章小结 (15)3 螺旋桨水动力性能数值方法3.1引言 (16)3.2螺旋桨水动力计算 (16)3.3网格独立性验证 (21)3.4湍流模型的选取 (24)3.5螺旋桨敞水性能分析与验证 (26)3.6本章小结 (27)华中科技大学硕士学位论文4 螺旋桨流固耦合特性模拟与分析4.1引言 (28)4.2螺旋桨结构计算方法 (28)4.3螺旋桨流固耦合计算 (29)4.4本章小结 (38)5 复合材料螺旋桨流固耦合计算5.1引言 (39)5.2基于ACP复合材料分层有限元模型 (39)5.3复合材料螺旋桨流固耦合结果分析 (43)5.4本章小结 (45)6 结论与展望6.1结论 (46)6.2展望 (47)致谢 (48)参考文献 (50)华中科技大学硕士学位论文1 绪论1.1课题研究背景及意义进入新世纪后,随着全球经济的飞速发展,越来越频繁的贸易往来使得全球交通运输业发生了巨大变化。

Fluid-Structure Interaction and Dynamics

Fluid-Structure Interaction and Dynamics

Fluid-Structure Interaction and Dynamics Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) is a complex and fascinating field that involves the interaction between deformable structures and surrounding fluids. This interaction can lead to a wide range of dynamic behaviors and phenomena, making it a crucial area of study in various engineering disciplines. From flutter in aircraft wings to the movement of blood in the human body, FSI plays a significant role in understanding and predicting the behavior of systems where fluids and structures interact. One of the key challenges in FSI is accurately modeling and simulating the interaction between the fluid and structure. This requires a deep understanding of the physics involved, as well as advanced computational tools and techniques. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite element analysis (FEA) are commonly used to model and simulate FSI problems, allowing engineers to predict how a structure will deform under the influence of fluid forces, and how the fluid flow will be affected by the presence of the structure. In addition to modeling and simulation, experimental testing is also crucial in validating FSI models and understanding the real-world behavior offluid-structure systems. Wind tunnel tests, water tank tests, and other experimental techniques can provide valuable insights into the dynamics of FSI systems, helping engineers to refine their models and improve the performance and safety of structures exposed to fluid forces. From a practical standpoint, FSI has numerous applications in various industries, including aerospace, automotive, civil engineering, and biomechanics. In aerospace, FSI is critical for designing aircraft wings that can withstand aerodynamic forces and vibrations, while in automotive engineering, FSI is used to optimize the performance of vehicle bodies and components under different flow conditions. In civil engineering, FSI is essential for designing bridges, dams, and other structures that are exposed to wind, water, and other fluid forces, while in biomechanics, FSI is used to study the flow of blood in arteries and veins, and its impact on the cardiovascular system. Despite its importance and widespread applications, FSI remains a challenging and evolving field, with many open research questions andopportunities for innovation. Researchers and engineers continue to explore new techniques for modeling and simulating FSI systems, as well as developing advancedmaterials and structures that can better withstand fluid forces. By advancing our understanding of FSI, we can improve the performance, efficiency, and safety of a wide range of engineering systems, leading to better designs and solutions that benefit society as a whole. In conclusion, fluid-structure interaction is a fascinating and important field that plays a crucial role in understanding and predicting the behavior of systems where fluids and structures interact. By combining advanced modeling and simulation techniques with experimental testing and practical applications, engineers can gain valuable insights into the dynamics of FSI systems and develop innovative solutions to complex engineering challenges. As we continue to push the boundaries of FSI research, we can unlock new opportunities for improving the performance and safety of structures exposed to fluid forces, leading to a more sustainable and resilient built environment.。

分析化学常用仪器英文名称

分析化学常用仪器英文名称

分析化学常用仪器英文名称玻璃漏斗Glass funnel long stem试管test tube test tube brush test tube holder test tube rack 蒸发皿evaporating dish small烧杯beaker锥形瓶Erlenmeyer量筒grad cylinder洗瓶plastic wash bottle勺皿casserole ,small塞式烧瓶stoppered flask分液漏斗separatory funnelwater bath/oil bathstrring barmagnetic stirrer冷凝器condenser圆颈烧瓶Round-buttom flask试剂瓶reagent bottles托盘天平platform. balance托盘pan 指针刻度表pointer and scalecrossbeams and sliding weights 游码分析天平two-pan/single-pan analytical balance滴定管burette glass bead(basic) nozzle移液管pipette洗耳球rubber suction bulb玻棒glass rod玻璃活塞stopcock容量瓶volumetric flasks比重瓶(one-mark)volumetric flasks刻度吸管graduated pipettes锥形瓶conical flask 药匙medicine spoonErlenmeyer flask 滴管drip tube;dropper烧杯beaker 玻棒Glass stic木试管夹test tube clamp;test tube holder胖肚吸管straws容量瓶volumetric flask洗耳球ear washing bulb碘量瓶iodine flask试剂瓶reagent bottle量筒cylindergraduated cylinder二、台面上仪器:一般仪器的洗涤(wash)铁支架siderocradle白瓷板White Porcelain Board酸式滴定管Acid burette 洗液Lotion碱式滴定管Alkali burette滴定管buret;burette漏斗架funnel stand移液管pipe水浴锅water bath kettle温度计Thermometer;hygrometer;hydroscope电炉electric furnace;electric hot plate;electric stove 《分析化学》上册第一章绪论分析化学:Analytical chemistry定性分析:Qualitative analysis定量分析:quantitative analysis物理分析:physical analysis物理化学分析:physico- chemical analysis仪器分析法:instrumental analysis流动注射分析法:flow injection analysis;FIA顺序注射分析法:sequential injection analysis;SIA化学计量学:chemometrics第二章误差的分析数据处理绝对误差:absolute error相对误差:relative error系统误差:systematic error可定误差:Determinate error随机误差:accidental error不可定误差:indeterminate error准确度:accuracy精确度:precision偏差:Deviation平均偏差:average deviation相对平均偏差:Relative average deviation标准偏差(标准差):standard deviation;相对平均偏差:relative standard deviation;RSD变异系数:Coefficient of variation误差传递:Propagation of error有效数字:Significant figure置信水平:Confidence level显著性水平:level of significance合并标准偏差(组合标准差):Pooled standard deviation舍弃商:rejection quotient ;Q化学定量分析第三章滴定分析概论滴定分析法:Titrimetric analysis滴定:Titration容量分析法:Volumetric analysis化学计量点:Stoichiometric point等当点:equivalent point电荷平衡:charge balance电荷平衡式:charge balance equation质量平衡:mass balance物料平衡:material balance质量平衡式:mass balance equation第四章酸碱滴定法酸碱滴定法:acid-base titrations质子自递反应:autoprotolysis reaction质子自递常数:autoprotolysis constant质子条件式:proton balance equation酸碱指示剂:acid-base indicator指示剂常数:indicator constant变色范围:colour change interval混合指示剂:mixed indicator双指示剂滴定法:double indicator titration第五章非水滴定法质子溶剂:protonic solvent酸性溶剂:acid solvent碱性溶剂:basic solvent两性溶剂:Amphoteric solvent均化效应:Differentiating effect区分性溶剂:differentiating solvent离子化:Ionization离解:Dissociation第六章配位滴定法配位滴定法:complexometry,coordination titrations 螯合物:Chelate compound金属指示剂:metal indcator第七章氧化还原滴定法氧化还原滴定法:Oxidation-reduction titration高锰酸钾法:potassium permanganate method 条件电位:conditional potential外指示剂:external indicator外指示剂:outside indicator重铬酸钾法:potassium dichromate method第八章沉淀滴定法沉淀滴定法:precipitation titration容量滴定法:volumetric precipitation method 第九章重量分析法重量分析法:Gravimetric analysis挥发法:Volatilization method结晶水:water of crystallization组成水:water of composition液-液萃取法:liquid-liquid extraction溶剂萃取法:solvent extration反萃取:counter extraction分配系数:partition coefficient分配比:distribution ratio离子对(离子缔合物):ion pair沉淀形式:precipitation forms称量形式:weighing forms《分析化学》下册仪器分析概述物理分析:physical analysis物理化学分析:physicochemical analysis仪器分析:instrumental analysis第十章电位法及永停滴定法电化学分析:electrochemical analysis电解法:electrolytic analysis method电重量法:electtogravimetry库仑法:coulometry库仑滴定法:coulometric titration电导法:conductometry电导分析法:conductometric analysis电导滴定法:conductometric titration电位法:potentiometry直接电位法:direct potentiometry电位滴定法:potentiometric titration伏安法:Voltammetry极谱法:Polarography溶出法:Stripping method化学双电层:chemical double layer相界电位:phase boundary potential金属电极电位:electrode potential化学电池:chemical cell液接界面:liquid junction boundary原电池:Galvanic cell电解池:Electrolytic cell负极:Cathode正极:Anode电池电动势:Electromotive force指示电极:indicator electrode参比电极:reference electroade标准氢电极:standard hydrogen electrode 一级参比电极:primary reference electrode液接界面:liquid junction boundary不对称电位:Asymmetry potential表观PH值:Apparent PH复合PH电极:combination PH electrode 离子选择电极:ion selective electrode敏感器:sensor晶体电极:Crystalline electrodes第十一章光谱分析法概论普朗克常数:Plank constant电磁波谱:electromagnetic spectrum光谱:spectrum光谱分析法:spectroscopic analysis原子发射光谱法:atomic emission spectroscopy 质量谱:mass spectrum质谱法:mass spectroscopy,MS第十二章紫外-可见分光光度法紫外-可见分光光度法:ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry;UV-vis 肩峰:shoulder peak末端吸收:end absorbtion红移:red shift蓝(紫)移:blue shift强带:strong band弱带:weak band吸收带:absorption band透光率:transmitance,T吸光度:absorbance谱带宽度:band width杂散光:stray light噪声:noise暗噪声:dark noise散粒噪声:signal shot noise闪耀光栅:Blazed grating全息光栅:Holographic grating光二极管阵列检测器:Photodiode array detector第十三章荧光分析法荧光:Fluorescence荧光分析法:fluorometryX-射线荧光分析法:X-ray fulorometry原子荧光分析法:atomic fluorometry分子荧光分析法:molecular fluorometry激发光谱:excitation spectrum荧光光谱:fluorescence spectrum荧光寿命:fluorescence life time荧光效率:fluorescence efficiency散射光:scattering light拉曼光:Raman scattering light第十四章红外分光光度法红外线:infrared ray,IR中红外吸收光谱:mid-infrared absorption spectrum,Mid-IR 远红外光谱:Far-IR微波谱:microwave spectrum,MV红外吸收光谱法:infrared spectroscopy红外分光光度法:infrared spectrophotometry振动形式:mode of vibration伸缩振动:stretching vibration对称伸缩振动:Symmetrical stretching vibration不对称伸缩振动:asymmetrical stretching vibration弯曲振动:bending vibration变形振动:formation vibration面内弯曲振动:in-plane bending vibration,β剪式振动:Scissoring vibration,δ面内摇摆振动:rocking vibration,ρ面外弯曲振动:out- of-plane bending vibration,γ面外摇摆振动:Wagging vibration,ω蜷曲振动:twisting vibration ,τ对称变形振动:symmetrical deformation vibration ,δs 不对称变形振动:asymmetrical deformation vibration, δas 特征吸收峰:characteristic absorption band特征频率:characteristic frequency相关吸收峰:correlation absorption band杂化影响:Hybridization affect环大小效应:ring size effect吸收峰的强度:intensity of absorption band环折叠振动:ring prckering vibration第十五章原子吸收分光光度法原子光谱法:atomic spectroscopy原子吸收分光光度法:atomic absorption spectrophotometry,AAS 原子发射分光光度法:atomic emmsion spectrophotometry,AES原子荧光分光光度法:atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry,AFS 第十六章核磁共振波谱法核磁共振:nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR核磁共振波谱:NMR spectrum核磁共振波谱法:NMR spectroscopy质谱分析法:mass spectrometry第十八章色谱分析法概论色谱法(层析法):Chromatography固定相:Stationary phase流动相:mobile phase高效毛细管电泳法:high performance capillary electroporesis,HPEC 气相色谱法:gas chromatography,GC液相色谱法:liquid cromatography,LC超临界流体色谱法:Supercritical fluid chromatography,SFC柱色谱法:column chromatography填充柱:packed column毛细管柱:capillary column微填充柱:Microbore packed column高效液相色谱法:high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC 平板色谱法:planar平板色谱法:plane chromatography纸色谱法:paper chromatography薄层色谱法:thin layer chromatography,TLC薄膜色谱法;thin film chomatography毛细管电泳法:capillary electrophoresis,CE分配色谱法:Partition chromatography吸附色谱法:absorption chromaography离子交换色谱法:ion exchange chromatography,IEC空间排阻色谱法:Steric exclusion chromatography,SEC亲和色谱法:Affinity chromatography分配系数:distribution cofficient狭义分配系数:partition coefficient凝胶色谱法:gel chromatography凝胶渗透色谱法:gel permeation chromatography,GPC凝胶过滤色谱法:gel filtration chromatography,GFC渗透系数:permeation coefficien;Kp化学键合相色谱法:chemically bonded-phase chromatography 分配系数:distribution coefficient气相色谱-傅立叶变换红外光谱:GC-FTIR第二十章气相色谱法气相色谱法:gas chromatography前延峰:leading peak拖尾峰:tailing peak对称因子:Symmetry factor,fs保留时间:Retention time保留体积:retention volume死时间:dead time调整保留时间:adjusted retention time半峰宽:peak width at half height,W1/2 or Y1/2峰宽:peak width,W等温线:Isotherm理论塔板高度:height equivalent to theoretical plate化学键合相:chemically bonded phase热导检测器:thermal conductivity detector,TCD氢焰离子化检测器:hydrogen flame ionization detector,FID电子捕获检测器:electron capture detector ,ECD噪声:noise,N漂移:drift,d灵敏度:sensitivity检测限(敏感度):detectability,D,M分离度:Resolution归一化法:Normalization method外标法:external standardization色谱图chromatogram色谱峰chromatographic peak峰底peak base峰高h,peak height峰宽W,peak width半高峰宽Wh/2,peak width at half height峰面积A,peak area拖尾峰tailing area前伸峰leading area假峰ghost peak畸峰distorted peak反峰negative peak拐点inflection point原点origin斑点spot区带zone复班multiple spot区带脱尾zone tailing基线base line基线漂移baseline drift基线噪声N,baseline noise正相液相色谱法normal phase liquid chromatographyreversed phase liquid chromatography,RPLC 柱液相色谱法liquid column chromatography高效液相色谱法high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC 尺寸排除色谱法size exclusion chromatography,SEC凝胶过滤色谱法gel filtration chromatography凝胶渗透色谱法gel permeation chromatography,GPC离子交换色谱法ion exchange chromatography,IEC离子色谱法ion chromatography离子抑制色谱法ion suppression chromatography离子对色谱法ion pair chromatography疏水作用色谱法hydrophobic interaction chromatography制备液相色谱法preparative liquid chromatography平面色谱法planar chromatography纸色谱法paper chromatography薄层色谱法thin layer chromatography,TLC高效薄层色谱法high performance thin layer chromatography,HPTLC 浸渍薄层色谱法impregnated thin layer chromatographygel thin layer chromatography离子交换薄层色谱法ion exchange thin layer chromatography 制备薄层色谱法preparative thin layer chromatography 薄层棒色谱法thin layer rod chromatography液相色谱仪liquid chromatograph制备液相色谱仪preparative liquid chromatograph凝胶渗透色谱仪gel permeation chromatograph涂布器spreader点样器sample applicator色谱柱chromatographic column棒状色谱柱monolith column微粒柱microparticle column填充毛细管柱packed capillary column空心柱open tubular column微径柱microbore column混合柱mixed column组合柱coupled column预柱precolumn保护柱guard column预饱和柱presaturation column浓缩柱concentrating column抑制柱suppression column薄层板thin layer plate浓缩区薄层板concentrating thin layer plate荧光薄层板fluorescence thin layer plate反相薄层板reversed phase thin layer plate梯度薄层板gradient thin layer plate烧结板sintered plate展开室development chamber往复泵reciprocating pump注射泵syringe pump气动泵pneumatic pump蠕动泵peristaltic pump检测器detector微分检测器differential detector积分检测器integral detector总体性能检测器bulk property detector溶质性能检测器solute property detector(示差)折光率检测器[differential] refractive index detector 荧光检测器fluorescence detector紫外可见光检测器ultraviolet visible detector电化学检测器electrochemical detector蒸发(激光)光散射检测器[laser] light scattering detector光密度计densitometer薄层扫描仪thin layer scanner柱后反应器post-column reactor体积标记器volume marker记录器recorder积分仪integrator馏分收集器fraction collector。

动力学参数英文

动力学参数英文

动力学参数英文Dynamical Parameters in EnglishDynamical parameters are critical in the field of physics, engineering, and various scientific disciplines, as they describe the behavior of systems undergoing change. These parameters are essential for understanding the motion and forces involved in mechanical systems, and they can beapplied to a wide range of contexts, from simple pendulums to complex fluid dynamics.One of the fundamental dynamical parameters is mass,which is a measure of an object's resistance to acceleration. In the context of dynamics, mass is often denoted by 'm' andis a key factor in Newton's second law of motion, whichstates that the force acting on an object is equal to themass of the object multiplied by its acceleration (F = ma).Velocity, another important dynamical parameter, is the rate of change of an object's position with respect to time.It is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction. Velocity (v) can be described in terms of its components along different axes, such as v_x, v_y, and v_zfor a three-dimensional space.Acceleration is the rate at which an object's velocity changes over time. Like velocity, acceleration is also avector quantity and can be broken down into its componentsalong the axes of motion. It is represented by 'a' and is closely related to the force acting on an object, as per Newton's second law.Force is a vector quantity that represents theinteraction between two bodies and is responsible forchanging the motion of an object. It is denoted by 'F' and is measured in newtons (N). Force can be a result of varioustypes of interactions, such as gravitational, electromagnetic, or frictional forces.Momentum, represented by 'p', is the product of anobject's mass and its velocity. It is a conserved quantity in a closed system, meaning that the total momentum remains constant if no external forces are acting on the system. Momentum is a crucial concept in collision problems and isalso a vector quantity.Angular momentum is a related concept that describes the rotational motion of an object. It is a measure of how muchan object resists changes to its rotational motion and isgiven by the product of the object's moment of inertia (I)and its angular velocity (ω), expressed as L = Iω.Frequency is another dynamical parameter, particularly relevant in oscillating systems like pendulums or vibrating strings. It is the number of oscillations or cycles thatoccur in one second and is measured in hertz (Hz).Lastly, damping is a parameter that describes thereduction of amplitude in oscillations due to the effect ofresistance or friction. In mechanical systems, damping is often crucial in determining the stability and the rate at which a system returns to equilibrium after a disturbance.Understanding and accurately measuring these dynamical parameters is essential for designing and analyzing mechanical systems, predicting their behavior, and ensuring their safe and efficient operation. Whether it's in the development of vehicles, the study of celestial bodies, or the design of structures, dynamical parameters play a central role in the physical sciences and engineering.。

FLAC3D在岩土工程中的应用-陈育民

FLAC3D在岩土工程中的应用-陈育民

27 / 77
GeoHohai
力学阻尼
瑞利(rayleigh)阻尼
假设阻尼与质量、刚度的线性关系 参数确定简单(等价平均应变=60%*emax)
• 中心频率(共振计算,地震平均频率) • 临界阻尼比
缺点:计算速度慢
局部(local)阻尼
FLAC3D的静力分析阻尼 参数简单 适合简单情况
学习方法及经验介绍
20 / 77
GeoHohai
完全非线性的动力分析
与等效线性方法的比较 动力荷载 动力边界条件 力学阻尼与滞回阻尼 地震波的调整 动孔压的生成
21 / 77
GeoHohai
FLAC与等效线性方法
等效线性方法是岩土地震工程中的常用方法 动本构模型
等效线性模型
• 剪切模量的降级曲线 • 阻尼比随剪应变的变化
GeoHohai
软件介绍
应用
岩土力学分析,例矿体滑坡、煤矿开采沉陷预测、水利枢纽岩 体稳定性分析、采矿巷道稳定性研究等 岩土工程、交通工程、采矿工程、水利工程、地质工程
特色
大应变模拟 完全动态运动方程使得FLAC3D在模拟物理上的不稳定过程不 存在数值上的障碍 动力分析功能——地震工程 衬砌功能——地下工程 可开发功能
静态(quiet,粘性)边界 Lysmer and Kuhlemeyer(1969) 模型边界法向和切向设置独立的阻尼器
性能
对于法向p波和s波能很好的吸收 对于倾斜入射的波和Rayleigh波也有所吸收,但存在反射 人工边界仍应当足够远
24 / 77
GeoHohai
Quiet边界应用
RUN FLAC3D
18 / 77
GeoHohai

Fluid-Structure Interaction

Fluid-Structure Interaction

Fluid-Structure Interaction Fluid-structure interaction is a complex and fascinating field of study that involves the interaction between a fluid (such as air or water) and a structure (such as a solid object). This interaction can have significant effects on the behavior and performance of both the fluid and the structure, making it a crucial consideration in various engineering and scientific applications. One of the key challenges in studying fluid-structure interaction is the nonlinear nature of the phenomena involved. The interactions between the fluid and the structure can lead to complex and often unpredictable behavior, making it difficult to accurately model and simulate. This nonlinearity can arise from factors such as turbulence in the fluid flow, deformation of the structure, and the coupling between the two. Despite these challenges, understanding and modeling fluid-structure interactionis essential in a wide range of applications, from designing aircraft and bridges to studying the behavior of biological systems. By accurately predicting howfluids and structures interact, engineers and scientists can optimize the performance and safety of various systems and devices. One of the key tools used to study fluid-structure interaction is computational fluid dynamics (CFD). CFD involves using computer simulations to model the behavior of fluids and structures, allowing researchers to analyze and predict how they will interact. By simulating the fluid flow around a structure and the resulting forces on the structure, engineers can gain valuable insights into the behavior of the system. In addition to CFD, experimental techniques such as wind tunnel testing and water tank testing are also commonly used to study fluid-structure interaction. These experiments allow researchers to observe the behavior of fluids and structures in a controlled environment, providing valuable data for validating and improving computational models. Overall, fluid-structure interaction is a complex and challenging field that plays a crucial role in various engineering and scientific disciplines. By studying and understanding how fluids and structures interact, researchers can develop more efficient and reliable systems, leading to advancements in technology and innovation.。

四川汶川5.12大地震同震滑动断层泥的发现及意义.


断层 活 动 具 有 润 滑 作 用 (Toroetal.,2004;Heetal., 2007)。
2008年 5.12汶川 8.0级大地震发生在青藏高原东缘与 四川盆地交接部位的龙门山断裂带(图 1),该地震沿映秀— 北川断裂(F2)和灌县—安县断裂(F3)分别产生了长约 230 km和 70多 km的地震地表破裂带,地表变形表现为挤压逆 冲为主并伴 有 右 旋 走 滑 (马 保 起 等,2008;徐 锡 伟 等,2008; 张培震等,2008;Fuetal.,2008)。野外考察发现沿这些刚 刚形成的地震地表破裂带发育有新鲜断层泥,这为我们研究 地震滑动带的断层泥特征及其形成机制提供了得天独厚的 条件。
龙门山断裂带邻区有历史记录的大地震活动有三次,分 别为 1933年 8月 25日发生于岷山地区的岷江断裂带(F5) 的 7.5级叠溪大地震,1976年 8月 16日和 8月 23日发生于 松潘平武之间的两次 7.2级地震,这两次大地震可能与虎牙 断裂(F6)的 活 动 有 关。龙 门 山 断 裂 带 的 地 震 活 动 频 度 低, 强度不大,有历史纪录以来未发生过 7级以上的大地震(邓 起东等,1994;李勇等,2006;张培震等,2008)。
2238
ActaPetrologicaSinica 岩石学报 2008,24(10)
1 引言
断层泥(Faultgouge)指发育于断层带中的未固结或弱固 结泥状岩石。Sibson(1977,1986)认为断层泥是在断裂作用 下形成的具有特殊结构构造的变形物质,并认为断层泥的组 构主要是在剪切过程中形成的。断层泥主要发育在地壳浅 层脆性断层带中,呈各种彩色条带平行断层面展布,带宽由 几毫米至数十米。断层泥的主要成分是粘土矿物,其次为原 岩的碎粉和碎砾,是断层剪切滑动、碎裂、碾磨和粘土矿化作 用的产物。

基于FLUENT滑移网格的浮选离心叶片泵内流场的CFD分析

基于FLUENT滑移网格的浮选离心叶片泵内流场的CFD分析李梦君;李浙昆;熊勇;葛凌志【摘要】The performance of centrifugal pump have an important influence on the stability and efficient of flotation process in equipment of flotation. In order to catch the variation of flow field inside of centrifugal pump, the sliding mesh technology in fluent software is used to numerically simulate the flow in centrifugal pump, and then * analyzed the flow variation inside of centrifugal pump with vane rotating, and obtain the total pressure graphs, velocity - vector graphs and turbulent kinetic energy graphs. Thus lays the foundation for the design and the structure optimization of centrifugal pump.%在浮选设备中离心泵的性能对浮选过程的平稳性和效率有着重要影响.为了准确掌握离心泵内部流场的变化情况,运用FLUENT软件中的滑移网格技术对叶片武离心泵进行流场动态数值模拟.分析得出叶片旋转情况下内部流场不同时间点的总压力图、速度矢量图和湍动能图,为离心泵的设计和优化奠定基础.【期刊名称】《科学技术与工程》【年(卷),期】2011(011)023【总页数】5页(P5664-5668)【关键词】离心泵;FLUENT;滑移网格;浮选【作者】李梦君;李浙昆;熊勇;葛凌志【作者单位】昆明理工大学机电工程学院,昆明650093;昆明理工大学机电工程学院,昆明650093;昆明理工大学机电工程学院,昆明650093;昆明理工大学机电工程学院,昆明650093【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TH311随着经济的发展,我国资源短缺问题将日益严峻,对于作为矿业基础的选矿行业的要求也在不断地提高。

生物药剂学与药物动力学专业词汇

生物药剂学与药物动力学专业词汇※<A>Absolute bioavailability, F 绝对生物利用度Absorption 吸收Absorption pharmacokinetics 吸收动力学Absorption routes 吸收途径Absorption rate 吸收速率Absorption rate constant 吸收速率常数Absorptive epithelium 吸收上皮Accumulation 累积Accumulation factor 累积因子Accuracy 准确度Acetylation 乙酰化Acid glycoprotein 酸性糖蛋白Active transport 主动转运Atomic absorption spectrometry 原子吸收光谱法Additive 加和型Additive errors 加和型误差Adipose 脂肪Administration protocol 给药方案Administration route 给药途径Adverse reaction 不良反应Age differences 年龄差异Akaike’s information criterion, AIC AIC判据Albumin 白蛋白All-or-none response 全或无效应Amino acid conjugation 氨基酸结合Analog 类似物Analysis of variance, ANOVA ANOVA方差分析Anatomic Volume 解剖学体积Antagonism 拮抗作用Antiproliferation assays 抑制增殖法Apical membrane 顶端表面Apoprotein 载脂蛋白脱辅基蛋白Apparatus 仪器Apparent volume of distribution 表观分布容积Area under the curve, AUC 曲线下面积Aromatisation 芳构化Artery 动脉室Artifical biological membrane 人工生物膜Aryl 芳基Ascorbic acid 抗坏血酸维生素C Assistant in study design 辅助实验设计Average steady-state plasma drug concentration 平均稳态血浆药物浓度Azo reductase 含氮还原酶※<B>Backward elimination 逆向剔除Bacteria flora 菌丛Basal membrane 基底膜Base structural model 基础结构模型Basolateral membrane 侧底膜Bayesian estimation 贝易斯氏评估法Bayesian optimization 贝易斯优化法Bile 胆汁Billiary clearance 胆汁清除率Biliary excretion 胆汁排泄Binding 结合Binding site 结合部位Bioactivation 生物活化Bioavailability, BA 生物利用度Bioequivalence, BE 生物等效性Biological factors 生理因素Biological half life 生物半衰期Biological specimen 生物样品Biomembrane limit 膜限速型Biopharmaceutics 生物药剂学Bioequivalency criteria 生物等效性判断标准Biotransformation 生物转化Biowaiver 生物豁免Blood brain barrier, BBB BBB血脑屏障Blood clearance 血液清除率Blood flow rate-limited models 血流速度限速模型Blood flux in tissue 组织血流量Body fluid 体液Buccal absorption of drug 口腔用药的吸收Buccal mucosa 口腔粘膜颊粘膜Buccal spray formulation 口腔喷雾制剂※<C>Capacity limited 容量限制Carrier mediated transport 载体转运Catenary model 链状模型Caucasion 白种人Central compartment 中央室Characteristic 特点Chelate 螯合物Chinese Traditional medicine products 中药制剂Cholesterol esterase 胆固醇酯酶Chromatogram 色谱图Circulation 循环Classification 分类Clearance 清除率Clinical testing in first phase I期临床试验Clinical testing in second phase Ⅱ期临床试验Clinical testing in third phase Ⅲ期临床试验Clinical trial 临床试验Clinical trial simulation 临床实验计划仿真Clockwise hysteresis loop 顺时针滞后回线Collection 采集Combined administration 合并用药Combined errors 结合型误差Common liposomes, CL 普通脂质体Compartment models 隔室模型Compartments 隔室Competitive interaction 竞争性相互作用Complements 补体Complex 络合物Confidential interval 置信区间Conjugation with glucuronic acid 葡萄糖醛酸结合Controlled-release preparations 控释制剂Control stream 控制文件Conventional tablet 普通片Convergence 收敛Convolution 卷积Corresponding relationship 对应关系Corticosteroids 皮质甾体类Counter-clockwise hysteresis loop 逆时针滞后回线Countermeasure 对策Course in infusion period 滴注期间Covariance 协方差Covariates 相关因素Creatinine 肌酐Creatinine clearance 肌酐清除率Cytochrome P450, CYP450 细胞色素P450 Cytoplasm 细胞质Cytosis 胞饮作用Cytosol 胞浆胞液质※<D>Data File 数据文件Data Inspection 检视数据Deamination 脱氨基Deconvolution 反卷积Degree of fluctuation, DF DF波动度Delayed release preparations 迟释制剂Desaturation 降低饱和度Desmosome 桥粒Desulfuration 脱硫Detoxication 解毒Diagnosis 诊断Diffusion 扩散作用Dietary factors 食物因素Displacement 置换作用Disposition 处置Dissolution 溶解作用Distribution 分布Dosage adjustment 剂量调整Dosage form 剂型Dosage form design 剂型设计Dosage regimen 给药方案Dose 剂量dose-proportionality study 剂量均衡研究Dropping pills 滴丸Drug absorption via eyes 眼部用药物的吸收Drug binding 药物结合Drug concentration in plasma 血浆中药物浓度Drug Delivery System, DDS 药物给药系统Drug interaction 药物相互作用Drug-plasma protein binding ratio 药物—血浆蛋白结合率Drug-Protein Binding 药物蛋白结合Drug transport to foetus 胎内转运※<E>Efficient concentration range 有效浓度范围Efflux 外排Electrolyte 电解质Electro-spray ionization, ESI 电喷雾离子化Elimination 消除Elimination rate constant 消除速度常数Elongation 延长Emulsion 乳剂Endocytosis 入胞作用Endoplasmic reticulum 内质网Enterohepatic cycle 肠肝循环Enzyme 酶Enzyme induction 酶诱导Enzyme inhibition 酶抑制Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays ELISA 酶联免疫法Enzymes or carrier-mediated system 酶或载体—传递系统Epithelium cell 上皮细胞Epoxide hydrolase 环化物水解酶Erosion 溶蚀Excretion 排泄Exocytosis 出胞作用Exons 外显子Experimental design 实验设计Experimental procedures 实验过程Exponential errors 指数型误差Exposure-response studies 疗效研究Extended least squares, ELS 扩展最小二乘法Extended-release preparations 缓控释制剂Extent of absorption 吸收程度External predictability 外延预见性Extraction ratio 抽取比Extract recovery rate 提取回收率Extrapolation 外推法Extravascular administration 血管外给药※<F>F test F检验Facilitated diffusion 促进扩散Factors of dosage forms 剂型因素Fasting 禁食Fibronectin 纤粘连蛋白First order rate 一级速度First Moment 一阶矩First order absorption 一级吸收First-order conditional estimation, FOCE 一级条件评估法First-order estimation, FO 一级评估法Fiest-order kinetics 一级动力学First pass effect 首过作用首过效应Fixed-effect parameters 固定效应参数Flavoprotein reductaseNADPH-细胞色素还原酶附属黄素蛋白还原酶Flow-through cell dissolution method 流室法Fluorescent detection method 荧光检测法Fraction of steady-state plasma drug concentration 达稳分数Free drug 游离药物Free drug concentration 游离药物浓度※<G>Gap junction 有隙结合Gas chromatography, GC 气相色谱法Gasrtointestinal tract, GI tract 胃肠道Gender differences 性别差异Generalized additive modeling, GAM 通用迭加模型化法Glimepiride 谷胱甘肽Global minimum 整体最小值Glomerular filtration 肾小球过滤Glomerular filtration rate, GFR 肾小球过滤率Glucuonide conjugation 葡萄糖醛酸结合Glutathione conjugation 谷胱甘肽结合Glycine conjugation 甘氨酸结合Glycocalyx 多糖—蛋白质复合体Goodness of Fit 拟合优度Graded response 梯度效应Graphic method 图解法Gut wall clearance肠壁清除率※<H>Half life 半衰期Health volunteers 健康志愿者Hemodialysis 血液透析Hepatic artery perfusion administration 肝动脉灌注给药Hepatic clearance, Clh 肝清除率Hierarchical Models 相同系列药物动力学模型High performance liquid chromatography, HPLC 高效液相色谱Higuchi equation Higuchi 方程Homologous 类似Human liver cytochrome P450 人类肝细胞色素P450 Hydrolysis 水解Hydroxylation 羟基化Hysteresis 滞后Hysteresis of plasma drug concentration 血药浓度滞后于药理效应Hysteresis of response 药理效应滞后于血药浓度※<I>Immunoradio metrec assays, IRMA 免疫放射定量法Incompatibility 配伍禁忌Independent 无关,独立Individual parameters 个体参数Individual variability 个体差异Individualization of drug dosage regimen 给药方案的个体化Inducer 诱导剂Induction 诱导Infusion 输注Inhibition 抑制Inhibitor 抑制剂Initial dose 速释部分Initial values 初始值Injection sites 注射部位Insulin 胰岛素Inter-compartmental clearance 隔室间清除率Inter-individual model 个体间模型Inter-individual random effects 个体间随机效应Inter-individual variability 个体间变异性Intermittence intravenous infusion 间歇静脉输液Internal predictability 内延预见性Inter-occasion random effects 实验间随机效应Intestinal bacterium flora 肠道菌丛Intestinal metabolism 肠道代谢Intra-individual model 个体内模型Intra-individual variability 个体内变异性Intramuscular administration 肌内给药Intramuscular injection 肌内注射Intra-peritoneal administration 腹腔给药Intravenous administration 静脉给药Intravenous infusion 静脉输液Intravenous injection 静脉注射Intrinsic clearance固有清除率内在清除率Inulin 菊粉In vitro experiments 体外试验In vitro–In vivo correlation, IVIVC 体外体内相关关系In vitro mean dissolution time, MDT vitro 体外平均溶出时间In vivo Mean dissolution time, MDT vivo 体内平均溶出时间Ion exchange 离子交换Isoform 异构体Isozyme 同工酶※<K>Kerckring 环状皱褶Kidney 肾※<L>Lag time 滞后时间Laplace transform 拉普拉斯变换Lateral intercellular fluid 侧细胞间隙液Lateral membrane 侧细胞膜Least detection amount 最小检测量Linearity 线性Linear models 线性模型Linear regression method 线性回归法Linear relationship 线性关系Lipoprotein 脂蛋白Liposomes 脂质体Liver flow 肝血流Local minimum 局部最小值Loading dose 负荷剂量Logarithmic models 对数模型Long circulation time liposomes 长循环脂质体Loo-Riegelman method Loo-Riegelman法Lowest detection concentration 最低检测浓度Lowest limit of quantitation 定量下限Lowest steady-state plasma drug concentration 最低稳态血药浓度Lung clearance 肺清除率Lymphatic circulation 淋巴循环Lymphatic system 淋巴系统※<M>Maintenance dose 维持剂量Mass balance study 质量平衡研究Masticatory mucosa 咀嚼粘膜Maximum likelihood 最大似然性Mean absolute prediction error, MAPE 平均绝对预测误差Mean absorption time, MAT 平均吸收时间Mean disintegration time, MDIT 平均崩解时间Mean dissolution time, MDT 平均溶出时间Mean residence time, MRT 平均驻留时间Mean sojourn time 平均逗留时间Mean squares 均方Mean transit time 平均转运时间Membrane-limited models 膜限速模型Membrane-mobile transport 膜动转运Membrane transport 膜转运Metabolism 代谢Metabolism enzymes 代谢酶Metabolism locations 代谢部位Metabolites 代谢物Metabolites clearance, Clm 代谢物清除率Method of residuals 残数法剩余法Methylation 甲基化Michaelis-Menten equation 米氏方程Michaelis-Menten constant 米氏常数Microbial assays 微生物检定法Microsomal P-450 mixed-function oxygenases 肝微粒体P-450混合功能氧化酶Microspheres 微球Microvilli 微绒毛Minimum drug concentration in plasma 血浆中最小药物浓度Mixed effects modeling 混合效应模型化Mixed-function oxidase, MFO 混合功能氧化酶Models 模型Modeling efficiency 模型效能Model validation 模型验证Modified release preparations 调释制剂Molecular mechanisms 分子机制Mono-exponential equation 单指数项公式Mono-oxygenase 单氧加合酶Mucous membrane injury 粘膜损伤Multi-compartment models 多室模型延迟分布模型Multi-exponential equation 多指数项公式Multifactor analysis of variance, multifactor ANOVA 多因素方差分析Multiple dosage 多剂量给药Multiple-dosage function 多剂量函数Multiple-dosage regimen 多剂量给药方案Multiple intravenous injection 多次静脉注射Myoglobin 肌血球素※<N>Naive average data, NAD 简单平均数据法Naive pool data, NPD 简单合并数据法Nanoparticles 纳米粒Nasal cavity 鼻腔Nasal mucosa 鼻粘膜National Institute of Health 美国国立卫生研究所Nephron 肾原Nephrotoxicity 肾毒性No hysteresis 无滞后Non-compartmental analysis, NCA 非隔室模型法Non-compartmental assistant Technology 非隔室辅助技术Nonionized form 非离子型Nonlinear mixed effects models, NONMEM 非线性混合效应模型Nonlinear pharmacokinetics 非线性药物动力学Non-linear relationship 非线性关系Nonparametric test 非参数检验※<O>Objective function, OF 目标函数Observed values 观测值One-compartment model 一室模型(单室模型)Onset 发生Open randomized two-way crossover design 开放随机两路交叉实验设计Open crossover randomized design 开放交叉随机设计Oral administration 口服给药Ordinary least squares, OLS 常规最小二乘法Organ 器官Organ clearance 器官清除率Original data 原始数据Osmosis 渗透压作用Outlier 偏离数据Outlier consideration 异常值的考虑Over-parameterized 过度参数化Oxidation 氧化Oxidation reactions 氧化反应※<P>Paracellular pathway 细胞旁路通道Parameters 参数Passive diffusion 被动扩散Pathways 途径Patient 病人Peak concentration 峰浓度Peak concentration of drug in plasma 血浆中药物峰浓度Poly-peptide 多肽Percent of absorption 吸收百分数Percent of fluctuation, PF 波动百分数Perfused liver 灌注肝脏Period 周期Peripheral compartments 外周室Peristalsis 蠕动Permeability of cell membrane 细胞膜的通透性P-glycoprotein, p-gp P-糖蛋白Phagocytosis 吞噬Pharmaceutical dosage form 药物剂型pharmaceutical equivalents 药剂等效性Pharmacokinetic models 药物动力学模型Pharmacokinetic physiological models 药物动力学的生理模型Pharmacological effects 药理效应Pharmacologic efficacy 药理效应Pharmacokinetics, PK 药物动力学Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic link model 药物动力学-药效动力学统一模型Pharmacodynamics, PD 药效动力学Pharmacodynamic model 药效动力学模型Phase II metabolism 第II相代谢Phase I metabolism 第I相代谢pH-partition hypothesis pH分配假说Physiological function 生理功能Physiological compartment models 生理房室模型Physiological pharmacokinetic models 生理药物动力学模型Physiological pharmacokinetics 生理药物动力学模型Pigment 色素Physicochemical factors 理化因素Physicochemical property of drug 药物理化性质Physiological factors 生理因素Physiology 生理Physiological pharmacokinetic models 生理药物动力学模型Pinocytosis 吞噬Plasma drug concentration 血浆药物浓度Plasma drug concentration-time curve 血浆药物浓度-时间曲线Plasma drug-protein binding 血浆药物蛋白结合Plasma metabolite concentration 血浆代谢物浓度Plasma protein binding 血浆蛋白结合Plateau level 坪浓度Polymorphism 多态性Population average pharmacokinetic parameters 群体平均动力学参数Population model 群体模型Population parameters 群体参数Population pharmacokinetics 群体药物动力学Post-absorptive phase 吸收后相Post-distributive phase 分布后相Posterior probability 后发概率practical pharmacokinetic program 实用药代动力学计算程序Precision 精密度Preclinical 临床前的Prediction errors 预测偏差Prediction precision 预测精度Predicted values 拟合值Preliminary structural model 初始结构模型Primary active transport 原发性主动转运Principle of superposition 叠加原理Prior distribution 前置分布Prodrug 前体药物Proliferation assays 细胞增殖法Proportional 比例型Proportional errors 比例型误差Prosthehetic group 辅基Protein 蛋白质Pseudo-distribution equilibrium 伪分布平衡Pseudo steady state 伪稳态Pulmonary location 肺部Pulsatile drug delivery system 脉冲式释药系统※<Q、R>QQuality controlled samples 质控样品Quality control 质量控制Quick tissue 快分布组织RRadioimmuno assays, RIA 放射免疫法Random error model 随机误差模型Rapid intravenous injection 快速静脉注射Rate constants 速度常数Rate method 速度法Re-absorption 重吸收Receptor location 受体部位Recovery 回收率Rectal absorption 直肠吸收Rectal blood circulation 直肠部位的血液循环Rectal mucosa 直肠黏膜Reductase 还原酶Reduction 还原Reductive metabolism 还原代谢Reference individual 参比个体Reference product 参比制剂Relative bioavailability, Fr 相对生物利用度Release 释放Release medium 释放介质Release standard 释放度标准Renal 肾的Renal clearance, Clr 肾清除率Renal excretion 肾排泄Renal failure 肾衰Renal impairment 肾功能衰竭Renal tubular 肾小管Renal tubular re-absorption 肾小管重吸收Renal tubular secretion 肾小管分泌Repeatability 重现性Repeated one-point method 重复一点法Requirements 要求Research field 研究内容Reside 驻留Respiration 呼吸Respiration organ 呼吸器官Response 效应Residuals 残留误差Residual random effects 残留随机效应Reversal 恢复Rich Data 富集数据Ritschel one-point method Ritschel 一点法Rotating bottle method 转瓶法Rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum 粗面内质网Routes of administration 给药途径※<S、T>SSafety and efficacy therapy 安全有效用药Saliva 唾液Scale up 外推Scale-Up/Post-Approval Changes, SUPAC 放大/审批后变化Second moment 二阶矩Secondary active transport 继发性主动转运Secretion 分泌Sensitivity 灵敏度Serum creatinine 血清肌酐Sigma curve 西格玛曲线Sigma-minus method 亏量法(总和减量法)Sigmoid curve S型曲线Sigmoid model Hill’s方程Simulated design 模拟设计Single-dose administration 单剂量(单次)给药Single dose response 单剂量效应Sink condition 漏槽条件Skin 皮肤Slow Tissue 慢分布组织Smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum 滑面内质网Soluble cell sap fraction 可溶性细胞液部分Solvent drag effect 溶媒牵引效应Stability 稳定性Steady-state volume of distribution 稳态分布容积Sparse data 稀疏数据Special dosage forms 特殊剂型Special populations 特殊人群Specialized mucosa 特性粘膜Species 种属Species differences 种属差异Specificity 特异性专属性Square sum of residual error 残差平方和Stagnant layer 不流动水层Standard curve 标准曲线Standard two stage, STS 标准两步法Statistical analysis 统计分析Statistical moments 统计矩Statistical moment theory 统计矩原理Steady state 稳态Steady state plasma drug concentration 稳态血药浓度Stealth liposomes, SL 隐形脂质体Steroid 类固醇Steroid-sulfatases 类固醇-硫酸酯酶Structure 结构Structure and function of GI epithelial cells 胃肠道上皮细胞的构造与功能Subcutaneous injections 皮下注射Subgroup 亚群体Subjects 受试者Sublingual administration 舌下给药Sublingual mucosa 舌下粘膜Subpopulation 亚群Substrate 底物Sulfate conjugation 硫酸盐结合Sulfation 硫酸结合Sum of squares 平方和Summation 相加Superposition method 叠加法Susceptible subject 易受影响的患者Sustained-release preparations 缓释制剂Sweating 出汗Synergism 协同作用Systemic clearance 全身清除率TTargeting 靶向化Taylor expansion 泰勒展开Tenous capsule 眼球囊Test product 试验制剂Therapy drug monitoring, TDM 治疗药物监测Therapeutic index 治疗指数Thermospray 热喷雾Three-compartment models 三室模型Though concentration 谷浓度Though concentration during steady state 稳态谷浓度Thromboxane 血栓素Tight junction 紧密结合Tissue 组织Tissue components 组织成分Tissue interstitial fluid 组织间隙Tolerance 耐受性Topping effect 尖峰效应Total clearance 总清除率Toxication and emergency treatment 中毒急救Transcellular pathway 经细胞转运通道Transdermal absorption 经皮肤吸收Transdermal drug delivery 经皮给药Transdermal penetration 经皮渗透Transport 转运Transport mechanism of drug 药物的转运机理Trapezoidal rule 梯形法Treatment 处理Trial Simulator 实验计划仿真器Trophoblastic epithelium 营养上皮层Two-compartment models 二室模型Two one sided tests 双单侧t检验Two period 双周期Two preparations 双制剂Two-way crossover bioequivalence studies 双周期交叉生物等效性研究Typical value 典型值※<U~Z>UUnwanted 非预期的Uniformity 均一性Unit impulse response 单位刺激反应Unit line 单位线Urinary drug concentration 尿药浓度Urinary excretion 尿排泄Urinary excretion rate 尿排泄速率VVagina 阴道Vaginal Mucosa 阴道黏膜Validation 校验Variance of mean residence time, VRT 平均驻留时间的方差Vein 静脉室Villi 绒毛Viscre 内脏Volumes of distribution 分布容积volunteers or patients studies 人体试验WWagner method Wagner法Wagner-Nelson method Wagner-Nelson法Waiver requirements 放弃(生物等效性研究)要求Washout period 洗净期Weibull distribution function Weibull分布函数Weighted Least Squares WLS加权最小二乘法Weighted residuals 加权残留误差XXenobiotic 外源物, 异生素ZZero Moment 零阶矩Zero-order absorption 零级吸收Zero-order kinetics 零级动力学Zero order rate 零级速度Zero-order release 零级释放。

常规压力对采用非牛顿学流体润滑的光滑碟片

附录1 中文译文常规压力对采用非牛顿学流体润滑的光滑碟片表面的作用陈好升,李疆,陈大荣,王佳道1.国家摩擦学研究所,清华大学,中国北京,1000842.北京科技大学,机械工程系,中国,100083摘要:为了研究与分析非牛顿学流体在润滑光碟表面时常规压力所产生的影响,包含这个常规作用力的一个修正的瑞诺德公式被建立。

公式中对于第一常规压力不同的表述源自于瑞林-埃里克森第二流体定律和流体冲力公式。

光碟表面润滑的结果被计算从而用在了的瑞诺德分析公式之中。

在持久稳定的薄层润滑作用之下,常规的压力和负载受到正常速度的限制,因此在计算中可以直接省略。

当光滑流体的高度变化或者润滑膜的厚度下降时,常规的速度下降,故此此时需要在计算中考虑到第一常规压力的不同所产生的影响。

关键词:非牛顿学流体、第一常规压力差分、磁性数据存储系统。

1.介绍正如德布鲁尼和波致所说的那样,一个非牛顿润滑是在磁性记录系统中用来避免干燥接触。

事实已经证明了通过引入非牛顿学流体以高的剪切速度进行切向润滑是可以达到在光滑的覆盖表面之下显著降低压力的形成的效果。

为了能够明确说明非牛顿学流体在主要碟片表面的润滑作用,李旺龙提供了一个平均瑞诺德公式并且指出幂律流体的流动影响效率在负荷能力方面比表面粗糙度更加明显。

非牛顿流体的性能在对磁性光碟表面进行润滑时是重要的影响因素。

常规压力作用是非牛顿学流体的特性。

许多研究结果都证明了在许多润滑中常规压力的作用都有明显的增加,第一常规压力差分比第二常规压力差分更加明显。

常规压力的作用在润滑中需要被分析,第一常规压力差分的计算方法也需要去研究。

在这篇论文中,第一常规压力差分是一种具有可伸缩性的非牛顿流体,就像麦克斯韦尔流体,都源自于被建立的包含常规压力的润滑公式。

数字思想被用在计算光碟表面的润滑作用之中。

2.第一常规压力的解释第一常规压力来源于瑞林-埃里克森流体公式(1)。

式中,是压力,是剪切压力的张量,是剪切速率的张量,是流体粘质系数,是黏弹性流体的第二定律系数,是由材料的时间衍生出来的。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
N
o
.
3 4

A bs
tr
a
e
t
s
o f
r
t
he
I A Go D
c /
o
T o D
vvG
4 vv
o
r
k
s
h
o
p
a t
t
he
g t h l ^ G o D Sy m p
o
s
iu m
31
t
o
t he
r
La
u o
re
T
n
r
ia s
s
ie
r e
T he
a r
n
e
a
l 川 t
o
n
g
n
r t r t
h
o
f
t he
ha y
,
)
e ru s
a
b o d笋 d
A
o a

n
e te
o
d
u
w
a n
-
d
e o
te e
t
i
e
e
o v
o
l
ti
e
o n
f
a
n
地hb
a
o
u
r
n g r i c
t r
u
n
t
o
o d
Ala s h
n
n t
a n
H l
s t
M
ma
t
a
i f
n
Li
u
P
M
t
o
o u
-
(
e r
a
m po
n
e n
t
e n
r
th
l ly
.
^ t
e
e r
份s t
o
it d y
u r
w a s
n a
a e r

s u
u r
r 加e c
e
o o
t
n
A
e f
xt t
d e
b y it
w
o
lu t i
n
d
t c
o n
ie
,
o v
d
l u t io did lu
t
f
a
ig h b o
r
u r
zn g
th
v o
u s t
b
o
(m
in g
lo P e d

in
t
th e
n
E
s t A s ia a
s t
r
-
l a
e
s a
ia
n
u s t
b
n
d加5
In
n
th in
a
P
r
c o
s c
t r
f de
a
n
v e
h
Pr
t

s i
r
t
in g
e
N 5 tre
o
d in g l d
r
u et u
e
s e
t
o
w i t h in f E
o n
H
a l
in ly b y t
o
ll i s io
u n
)
,
r a n s e
o f
r a
n
r
m
s
~
d ie la

a
o
o c
a n
r
ti n
ta l
C r
it
s
u s t
o
a n
n e
n o
t
a
n
c o n
n
e v
t
g t
o
e
w it h
n a
n e
igh b
o
o
b
dy
e r
ti l th b
o
e
,
La t
No
r t
h
Q i n l in
n
g
台a
t
o
e tu re
a n
d
s
o
u
th by
n
o
f
t
t he he i r

X il
o
a
n
m
e
u
v o
lu lu
n
n
j 姆 一 R
ti t`
o n a n n
lu
r f
o n
a e tu

u
o 一
gs
o
t hj na
(
s

A la s b
p t
.
r e s e
t

y
t
N 5
h
e

c
e

t o
c i
s
z o
n e
) l洲
g
r
n
o
n
h
e
we
e r n
r
g ln
a n
o
th
肠 ly
e r
s u
d g
n
bo dy
玩 b
Pl a t
it
r
d e
N一
t r
d in g
s
s
r
u
e t
u
r e
阅 加
台a C hi
a
n
p
g
o c
t g
n y
e
l加a l
l
o n
Q i过 i
s n t
o
t
o g
n
b闻y
lyi n g T
:
e
tw e e n r
e n
th
s u
N
h
a
n
d
a
n
t ze
s u
t
o
b
a
o
d记5
e x u s
e
r
e i
o
e
g
s
o
g l
o
o
y
e
n e
v
l i
l a
o
s t a n e a
n
e
(Pt
t
e

)
a
e
n
t
d
n
s
o
b
n
l a t it
e
d in
t
w
t
,
e e
n
h
a
e
e
m m
a n
le
u
Pl i f

d
s u
b
e
-
d i io d
a
d
,
ea u
s e
t
h
n
e
u a
e r
P Pe
o
r
s u
t
n
t
o
t r a
n f s o
n
n
d
t
u o
L i u Pa
a ss
n e
M
t t
o u u
t
a
s
n
mg j h d
r
Pl a y C hi
e v
gu i di n g i
n
o
le
t le
I n
s u
n
h
s
o
P
e n
c o
s s t
f gr d
e e
a
d
u a
e v e
l o Pm
e
n
s a
r
e
-
t
C h i gio
s r
a
i
n
m
d
a
n
l
e
P li t f Pa P
e r
VV e s
a
a
e
t
o
a
m
o
n
b
d i
n

n e
,
h
e
e
P Pa
t
t
o
f
r
th
t
u
r a
n s t
o
iti
a
n
n
e n
d 肠e
e。一

in
h d
e
g
du
e r s t r
l ly d a
lo P e d i n t
a t
o
t
a
ra
s
iti o
a r
z o
b
t
T
ia s g
o
e
A is
n
n r e
到 免 e te d b y
w w
e
o v
r
r n

io
a r
n
d
o
e e
ic
n
e
lu
e
t io ru s
n
f
o
相关文档
最新文档