2022考研英语阅读真题 Text 4(英语二)
2022 Text 4（英语⼆）伦理学课程有⽤吗？
Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their
lessons can actually change behavior, evidence either way is weak, relying on
contrived or sometimes unreliable self-reports.
But a new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world
situation, a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.
The researchers investigated one class sessions' impact on eating meat.
They chose this particular behavior for three reasons, according to study co-author
Eric Schwitzgebel, a philosopher at the , Riverside: students'
attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and
ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces
environmental harm and .
Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of
factory-farmed meat, optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic, and joined
a 50-minute discussion.
The other half focused on charitable giving instead.
Then, unknown to the students, the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card
purchases for that semester — nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students.laboratory tests
尽管伦理学课程在世界各地很常⻅，但科学家们不确定其课程是否真的能改变⾏为；⽆论是哪种⽅式，证据都很薄弱，从依赖⼈为的实验室测试，到有时不可靠的⾃我报告，都是如此。
但是发表在《认知》杂志上的⼀项新研究发现，⾄少在⼀个真实世界的情况下，⼀堂伦理学课可能会产⽣持久的影响。
研究⼈员调查了⼀节课对吃⾁的影响。
University of California
animal suffering
研究报告的联合作者、加州⼤学河滨分校的哲学家 Eric Schwitzgebel 表示，他们选择这种特殊的⾏为有三个原因：学⽣对这个话题的态度多变且不稳定，⾏为很容易衡量，伦理⽂献基本上同意少吃⾁是好的因为它减少了环境危害和动物痛苦。
四个⼤型哲学班的⼀半学⽣阅读了⼀篇关于⼯⼚化养殖⾁类的伦理学⽂章，选择观看了关于该主题的 11分钟视频，并参与了 50 分钟的讨论。
另⼀半则专注于慈善捐赠。
然后，在学⽣们不知道的情况下，研究⼈员研究了他们那学期匿名购买的餐卡——近 500 名学⽣的近
Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had previously
found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of
behaviors, including voting rates, , and returning library books.
But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases containing
meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent-and this effect held steady for the study's
duration of several weeks.
Purchases from the other group remained at 52 percent.
That's actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention, Schwitzgebel
says.
Psychologist Nina Strohminger at , who was not
involved in the study, says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some
unknown confounding variable.
And if real, she notes, it might be reversible by another nudge: "Easy come, easy go."
Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence — classmates
or leading the discussions may have shared their own
vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common.
Second, the video may have had an emotional impact.14000 张收据。
blood donation
Schwitzgebel 预测⼲预不会有任何效果；他之前发现伦理学教授在⼀系列⾏为上与其他教授没有什么不同，包括投票率、献⾎和归还图书馆书籍。
但是，在讨论了⾁类伦理的学⽣受试者中，含有⾁类的膳⻝购买量从 52% 下降到 45%——⽽且这种效果在研究的⼏周时间⾥保持稳定。
另⼀组的购买量保持在 52%。
Schwitzgebel 说，对于⼀个⾮常⼩的⼲预来说，这实际上是⼀个相当⼤的影响。
the University of Pennsylvania
宾夕法尼亚⼤学的⼼理学家 Nina Strohminger 没有参与这项研究，她说她希望这种影响是真实的，但不能排除⼀些未知的混淆变量。
她指出，如果是真的，通过另⼀个（因素）推动，其结果也可能是可逆的：“来得容易，去得也容易。”
teaching assistants
Schwitzgebel 怀疑最⼤的影响来⾃社会影响——领导讨论的同学或助教可能分享了他们⾃⼰的素⻝主义，表明素⻝主义是可以实现的或更普遍的。
Least rousing, he thinks, was , although his co-authors say reason
might play a bigger role.
Now the researchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching
assistants' eating habits and students' video exposure.
Meanwhile, Schwitzgebel — who had predicted no effect — will be eating his words.其次，视频可能产⽣了情感影响。
rational argument
他认为，最不令⼈振奋的是理性的争论，尽管他的合著者说理性可能发挥了更⼤的作⽤。
现在，研究⼈员正在探究教学⻛格、助教的饮⻝习惯和学⽣的视频接触的具体影响。
同时，Schwitzgebel（他曾预测没有影响）将⾃⻝其⾔。
2019考研英语二阅读真题答案及解析(text1)
2019考研英语二阅读真题答案及解析(text1)
来源：文都教育
2019考研英语(二)阅读真题Text1是关于内疚的好处的文章，第一篇文章总体不难，文都教育的英语老师就第一篇阅读答案给大家做了解析，为了方便核对，我们将选项也对应给出。
阅读理解Text1 答案
21. [C] foster a child’s moral development
22. [B] burdensome
23. [D] an emotion can play opposing roles
24. [B] can result from either sympahty or guilt
25. [D] wrongdoings
解析：
21. 根据题干Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help______.内容定位到第一段最后一句This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the
right amount, to be a good thing. 由最后一句的this指代词，可知原因在第一段的前几句，根据第一句Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little
later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. 和第二句Children
aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements
2024年考研英语二原版试卷
2024年考研英语二原版试卷
Section I Use of English。
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark
A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)。
The internet has changed the way we live, work, and communicate. However, as
much as we appreciate its benefits, we cannot ignore the 1 it poses to our privacy. With
the rapid development of technology, our personal information is becoming increasingly
vulnerable to 2 by hackers and cybercriminals.
To protect our privacy online, it is crucial to take certain measures. First and
foremost, it is important to use strong and unique passwords for all online accounts.
Avoid using common passwords such as "123456" or "password". Instead, create a
password that includes a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and
考研英语二2002阅读真题
2002 Text 1
If you intend using humor in your talk to makepeople smile, you must know
how to identify sharedexperiences and problems. Your humor must berelevant to
the audience and should help to showthem that you are one of them or that youunderstand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whomyou are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you areaddressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.
Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which
works well becausethe audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shownaround by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, thenew arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of theline, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival askedSt. Peter. "Oh, that's God," came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."
玩转儿考研英语核心词汇 【-spect-】专题(李仁)
玩转儿考研英语核心词汇
【词根精讲】
词根-spect-源于拉丁语动词specere，意为“看（look）”。词根-spect-强调“看”的动作本身。由spect衍生出来变体词根-spic-和-spis-仍为“看”之意。再看一眼是“重视和尊敬（respect）”，向外看是“期盼（expect）”，向内看是“审查（inspect）”，向前看是“展望（prospect）”，回头看是“回顾（retrospect）”，向下看则是“怀疑（suspect）”和“鄙视（despise）”。比赛的“壮观场面”是spectacle，看比赛时你戴“眼镜（spectacles）”，你自己则是“观看者（spectator）”。
接下来一图搞定考研英语核心词汇【-spect-】
应该从哪些角度学习考研核心词汇？
一、掌握单词的词性
词性是指单词与生俱来的基本属性。背单词的过程中，绝大多数考生只重视背单词的拼写和中文意思，最容易忽略背诵单词的【词性】。词性决定了这个单词是怎么使用的。换句话说，词性决定了你该如何正确地去使用这个单词造句子。在背单词的时候，单词的旁边都会有这个单词的词性缩写，记住并理解这些缩写形式，对你记住单词的用法具有事半功倍的效果。
比如图表中的考研核心词汇suspect，具有一词多性的特点，作为动词，表示怀疑同时这个词也可以作为名词，表示嫌疑犯；可疑对象。
真题连线
They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring
the contents of a
smartphone—a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, going through a suspect’s purse.
[2015-I-Text 2]
2022 考研英语阅读真题Text 3(英语二)
2022 Text 3（英语⼆）什么是⽹络暗⿊模式？We have all encountered them, in both our personal and professional lives.
Think about the times you felt tricked or frustrated by a membership or subscriptionthat had a seamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancel something that should be simple and transparent can be complicated, intentionally or unintentionally, in ways that impair .
These are examples of dark patterns.
First coined in 2010 by expert Harry Brignull, "dark patterns" is a catch-all term for practices that manipulate to influence the decision-making ability of users.
Brignull identifies 12 types of common dark patterns, ranging from misdirection and to roach motel, where user experience seems easy and intuitive at the start, but turns difficult when the user tries to get out.
In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11,000 websites, researchers found that about one in 10 employs these design practices.
2023考研英语二答案解析
未知驱动探索，专注成就专业
1
2023考研英语二答案解析
一、阅读理解部分
题目一
题目内容:
Passage 1： China has announced new measures aimed at
curbing the rapid rise in car ownership in major cities. The
measures are designed to encourage the use of public
transportation and limit the number of new cars on the roads.
China’s rapid economic development has led to a surge in car
ownership in major cities. This has resulted in severe traffic
congestion and air pollution. In an effort to reduce these
problems, the Chinese government has introduced a range of
measures. Under the new regulations, the government is
imposing high taxes on new car buyers in major cities. In
addition, the government has set strict limits on the number of
new car registrations each year. Furthermore, the government
is investing heavily in public transportation, with the aim of
2023年考研英语二真题及答案(考生回忆版)
2023年考研英语二真题及答案（考生回忆版）
1.
A：purchase
B：profit
C：connection
D：bet
答案：A
2.
A Define
B.Predict
C.Prioritize
D.Appreciate
答案：B
3.
A.exclusively
B.temporarily
C.potentially
D.initially
答案：C
4.
A.Experiment
B.Proposal
C.Debate
D.Example
答案：D
5.
A.Dentical
B.Marginal
C.Provisional
D.Traditional
答案：A
6.
A Rumor
B.Secret
C.Myth
D Problem
答案：D
7.
A Despite
B.Unlike
C.Through
D Beside
答案：D 8
A.moreover
B.However
C.Therefore
D.Again
答案：A
9
A.inspected
B.created
C.expanded
D.reformed
答案：B
10.
A.Cultural
B.Objective
C.Fresh
D.Personal
答案：B
11.
A.End
B.Burden
ck
D.Decrease
答案：C
12.
A.Policuy
B.Suggestion
C.Purpose
D.Insight
答案：C
13.
A.Contributing
B.Allocating
C.Promoting
D.Transforming
答案：D
14.
A.As a result
B.At any rate
C.By the way
D.In a sense
答案：A
15.
A.Unite B.Finance
C.Follow
D.Cloose
答案：A
16.
A.share
B.identify
2024年考研英语二阅读Text2试题及答案完整版
2024年考研英语二阅读Text2试题及答案完整版
Passage
In recent years, the concept of "inclusive
growth" has gained significant attention in both
academic and policy-making circles. The idea is
to ensure that economic growth benefits everyone,
rather than just the wealthy. This has led to a
renewed focus on wealth distribution and the
role of education in narrowing the economic gap.
This passage will discuss the importance of
inclusive growth, the challenges it faces, and
the role of education in achieving it.
The Importance of Inclusive Growth
Inclusive growth is crucial for sustainable
economic development. When growth is inclusive,
it leads to a reduction in poverty and
inequality, fostering social cohesion and
stability. In contrast, exclusive growth can
exacerbate social divisions, leading to social
unrest and political instability. Inclusive growth ensures that all segments of society
2023-年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二真题考研英语二
2023
Section I Use of English
Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each
numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10
points)
Here's a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today：you're the CEO of a small business,and though you're making a nice 1,you
need to find a way to take it to the next level.What you need to do is 2
growth by establishing a growth team.A growth team is made up of members
from different departments within your company,and it harnesses the power
of collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow.
Let's look at a real-world 4.Prior to forming a growth team,the
software company BitTorrent had 50 employees working in the 5
departments of engineering,marketing and product development.This
brought them good results until 2012,when their growth plateaued.The 6
2024年考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案
2024年考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案
真题篇
Passage One
Questions 21-25 are based on the following
passage.
The digital divide is a term that refers to
the gap between those who have access to the
Internet and those who do not. In recent years,
this gap has been narrowing, as more and more
people gain access to the Internet. However, a
new divide is emerging: the knowledge divide.
The knowledge divide is the gap between
those who have the skills to use the Internet
effectively and those who do not. This divide is
particularly evident in developing countries,
where access to the Internet is often limited.
Even in countries where access is more
widespread, there is a significant difference in
the level of digital literacy among people. One of the main reasons for the knowledge
divide is education. In many developing
countries, the education system is not equipped