现在完成时的用法和过去式.docx
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现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别:
1. 概念上的区别:
—般过去时:表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情,不强调对现在”产生的影响。
现在完成时,①表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果;
②过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。
He ViSited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。(只是简单表明在过去某个时间[in 1998]去过
桂林这一事实,除此以外别无其他)
Jill has bought a new COmPUter.吉尔买了一台新电脑。(造成的结果是,JiIl现在有了一台新电脑)The pla ne has already arrived 飞机已经抵达了。(说明现在的情况:飞机在这儿。)
The Pla ne arrived a quarter of an hour ago. 飞机是一刻钟以前抵达的。(强调动作发生的时间
在过去。)
第一种:对目前造成的影响;过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果;
HaVe you Seen the film? (A)
Did you See the film? (B)
[说明]你看过这部电影吗?
(A)句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解;
(B)句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过,并不强调是否知道其内容。
第二种:过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。
He has lived in Beiji ng for 8 years. (A)
He lived in Beiji ng for 8 years. (B)
[说明]他在北京住了8年。
(A)句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年,可能还会继续在北京住下去。
(B)句讲的是他在北京住过8年,现在不在北京了。
2. 结构上的区别
现在完成时:
基本结构:主语+have∕has+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed )
①肯定句:主语+have∕has+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed )+宾语.
He has fini Shed it. They have WOrked it out.
②否定句:主语+have/has+not+ 动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语.
He hasn ' t finiShed it. They have WOrked it out.
③一般疑问句:Have∕Has+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语.
HaS he finiShed it? Yes, he has; No he hasn 't
HaVe they have WOrked it out? Yes, I have; No I have n ' t
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+have/has+主语+过去分词(v-ed)+其他)
Where have they been? They have been to Yunnan.
一般过去式:
主语+动词的过去式(肯定式)
He did it. We hoped to go there.
王语+ did + n Ot +动词原形(否定式)
He didn 'dot it. They Weren 'there yesterday.
Did +王语+动词的原形(疑冋式)
Did he do it? Yes, he did. No, he did n 't
①规则动词的过去分词的构成:v+ed,如 WOrk-WOrked ; StUdy-StUdied ; finish-finiShed
②不规则动词的过去分词构成:如be-been ;have-had ; hear-heard ; do-done
③动词的过去分词和动词的过去式不是一个概念
注意:不规则的动词过去分词和过去式有时候一样,有时候不一样:
have-had-had; do-did-d one; See-SaW-See n; be-was/were-bee n
※过去分词的变化规则:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同四点变化规则:
(1)一般动词,在词尾直接加“ed ”:
WOrk---WOrked---WOrked ,visit---ViSited---ViSited
⑵以“e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d ”:
live---lived---lived ,
⑶、以辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词,将"y"变为"i",再加“ed ”:
Study---studied-studied ,cry---cried---cried
(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ed ”:
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped —dropped.
3. 句子中所用时间词语的区别
一般过去时:通常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:
yesterday, yesterday morning (after noon, eve ning ;last night (week, m on th, year ; …)段时间+ago(several days ago)、two days ago、a Week ago,…in 2002 ,(in 1990,in 1997 ,
in July 等:∙)ust now, at that time/moment, then , long long ago
例子:
He WaS here yesterday
I got UP at SeVen
mornin
yesterday
My mother did n ' t WQleSterday afternoon
Did you have a good time IaSt summer?
My mother ofte n Went to Work by taxi last year ____
∖A∕hen I WaS a StUdent, I o什e n liste ned to music.