江苏省新马高级中学高中英语必修二学案：M2U3grammar修改

M2U3 Grammar and usage主备人伍小恒张学松学习目标：1.过去完成时的用法、构成2.过去完成时和现在完成时之间的区别语法图解:过去完成时：构成had+过去分词用法（1）表示过去某一时刻或动作之前已完成的动作或存在的状态（2）表示过去一定时间内某动作或状态的延续（3）表示过去未能实现的计划或愿望，常用于下列表示希望、计划或打算的动词中：hope, expect, suppose, think, want, intend,, mean, plan等（4）用于主句是一般过去时的间接引语中（5）表示过去的两个动作/事件当中，一个优先于另一个发生，但相隔时间不长过去完成时常用固定句式： 1. It was the first time +从句 2. hardly/scarcely/rarely...when../. no sooner ... than... 3.It was +一段时间+since从句（从句用过去完成时）4主句（过去完成时）+by the time （一般过去时）5、主句（过去完成时）+by the end of （过去的时间）现在完成时 1. 现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常被用来表示与与过去完成现在仍有关系的过去的事或物；时的区别 2. 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，即表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，是以过去某一时间为基准。

课前预习：①By the 1920s, he had become an explorer, searching for the tombs of Egyptian kings.②I returned the book that I had borrowed.③Upon their entering the tomb, Carter’s pet bird, which he had left in Cairo, was swallowed by a snake.④Then, a few months after Carter had opened the tomb, Lord Carnarvon, who was also presentwhen the tomb was opened, fell ill with a fever and died in Egypt.⑤He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.⑥I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.（1）过去完成时的构成：___________________________________________________（2）过去完成时表示在过去某一些时刻或动作以前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，如句________________________________________________（3）过去完成时可以指_______________的动作延续到________________的某个时刻，如句______________________________.一：过去完成时1.过去完成时的概念【自主学习】研读例句，完成思考感悟.①When he hurried to the station, the train had already left.②By nine o’clock last night, we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship.【思考感悟】过去_________________________动作或存在的状态。

可以用by, before 等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可以通过上下文来表示。

【练习巩固】用所给动词的适当形式填空(1). I __________(finish) my homework before supper.(2). The play ___________ already _____________(start) when we got to the theatre.(3). By the end of June they ___________(treat) over 10,000 patients.(4). He __________ (collect) enough evidence up to that day.2.过去完成时的用法【自主学习1】研读例句，完成思考感悟。

①They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.②Before she came to China ,Amy had taught English in a middle school for about five years.③Tom had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was seven.④By nine o’clock,we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship.【思考感悟】从以上例句可知：过去完成时需要与一个表示_________的时间状语连用，多与already、yet、just、before、never等时间副词以及by、before等构成的__________或引导的从句连用。

【练习巩固】完成句子(1). 他在去英国深造前，已学了八年英语。

He ______________________________ before he went to England for further study.(2). 他说自改革开放以来他的家乡发生了巨大的变化。

He said ____________________________ since China carried out reform and opening policies. (3). 她直到把工作做完才睡觉She _________ to bed until she __________ her work.(4). 读完那本有趣的小说之后，我就上床睡觉了。

I __________ after I _______________ reading the interesting novel.【自主学习2】研读例句，完成思考感悟①He said that he had known her well.②The train had left when we got to the railway station. (状从)③She realized she had lost her way. (宾从)④The result was better than we had expected. (状从)【思考感悟】从以上例句可知：用于主从复合句中: 表示两个动作皆发生在过去，前一个动作用____________时。

过去完成时常常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought 等动词后的_____________从句或___________引语中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示过去的动作______________。

【自主学习3】研读例句，完成思考感悟。

We had hoped to be able to come and see you. =We hoped to have been able to come and see you.【思考感悟】从以上例句可知：动词hope, expect, suppose, think, want, intend, mean, plan等用过去完成时来表示__________________ 的想法、希望、打算或意图。

【练习巩固】单句改错(1). I planed to meet you at the airport, but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave._______(2). I wanted to lend you some money, but you didn’t ask..________________【自主学习4】研读例句，完成思考感悟①Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.②No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded. (倒状)【思考感悟】用于含hardly / scarcely…when; no sooner…than的复合句中，主句用_________时，从句用____________时，表示“刚……就”。

【练习巩固】句型转换(1). I had hardly seen her when I got off the bus.=_________ _________ __________ ___________ her when I got off the bus.(2). He had no sooner arrived than he went away again.=________ ________ ________ _________ _________ than he went away again.【自主学习5】研读例句，完成思考感悟①It was the third time that he had been our of work that year.②It was the most important tomb that had ever been found.③It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.【思考感悟】从以上例句可知：It/This/That was the first(second…) time that从句中用_____________时，It/This/That was the +最高级+名词+从句（用____________时），It was/had been+段时间+since从句(用____________时)【练习巩固】用所给词的适当形式填空(1). He told me that his team _________ already __________ (win)(2). She said that she ___________(not go) to the Great Wall yet.(3). It is the second time that I _________(visit) China.(4). It was the first time I _________(go) abroad.【拓展延伸】：二、现在完成时与过去完成时的区别【自主学习】研读例句，比较不同时态的差异。