2012：精品之必备词汇辨析(十)

合集下载

高考语文必备：词语辨析100组

高考语文必备：词语辨析100组【包含】里面含有（多用于抽象事物）：这一成果包含着许多人的心血。

【包涵】客套话，表示请求原谅：招待不周，请诸位多多包涵！【暴发】①突然而猛然的发生：暴发传染病。

②突然发财或得势：暴发户。

【爆发】①火山内的岩浆、气体等突然猛烈冲出地表，向四外喷溢：火山爆发。

②突然而猛烈地发生、发作：爆发革命。

用法提示：“暴发”侧重于突发性，多用于洪水、传染病等；“爆发”侧重于猛烈性，多用于火山、重大事件等。

【必须】一定要；表示事实上、情理上必要：冬泳之前必须做充分的准备。

【必需】一定得有；不可缺少：阳光为庄稼生长所必需。

用法提示：“必须”是副词，强调某种事情一定得这样做；“必需”是动词，强调某种事物特别需要。

【标明】用文字或符号标记出来，让人知道：标明价格。

【表明】标示清楚；明白地表示：表明立场。

【本义】词的原始意义或较早的意义：“本”的本义是指草木的根或茎干。

【本意】原来的想法或打算：我本意是为他好，没想到他竟误会了。

【不齿】不与并列；不视为同类。

表示极端瞧不起：为人所不齿。

【不耻】指不以……为耻：不耻下问。

【长年】①整年：从年初到岁尾，他们长年坚守在边防哨卡上。

②多年；长期：长年在外打工。

【常年】①一般的年份：今年的产量比常年多。

②一年到头；每年：守岛的官兵常年以岛为家。

用法提示：“常年”表示年年；“长年”表示相对的时间段长。

【成规】现成的或沿袭下来的规章制度、规矩或办法：有成规可依。

【陈规】过时的、不适用的规章制度、规矩或办法：打破陈规。

用法提示：“成规”是过去通行，现在仍使用的规章制度，中性词；“陈规”是旧的、过时的规章制度，贬义词。

【篡改】用作伪的手段，故意改动或曲解（理论、政策等）：篡改历史。

【窜改】改动文字（多用于贬义）：这份文件是经人窜改过的。

用法提示：“篡改”的对象多是理论、政策、主张等重大的、抽象的事物，语意较重；“窜改”的对象多是文章、古籍、成语等具体的语言文字上的改动，语意较轻。

专四词汇辨析45套

英语专四常见词汇辨析45组1.近义词辨析tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, worn out这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。

tired可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息，还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。

Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲惫，一到家就上床睡觉去了。

exhausted表达的疲惫程度最强，指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。

The exhausted engineer fell asleep on the bus.精疲力竭的工程师在公共汽车上睡着了。

fatigued所表达的疲劳程度比tired和weary强，表示由于过度劳累而引起疲乏，不能再继续下去。

He felt fatigued and didn’t want to say a single word.他疲惫不堪，不想说一句话。

weary语气比tired强，指由于长时间努力工作或由于做单一的事而引起疲倦。

After a long and weary wait, the plane finally came to take them back.经过漫长而又令人疲乏的等待后，飞机终于来接他们回去了。

worn out词不太正式，多用于口语。

The troops were worn out after winning the battle.战后,部队疲惫不堪。

2.近义词辨析use, apply, avail, employ, utilize这组词均含有“使用”或“利用”之意。

use强调利用人或物作为工具。

He used up all his resources in experimenting with the new paint.他为实验新的涂料，花光了一切钱财。

apply指把某物或某种方法、原理等加以应用。

2012专四易混淆

2012专四易混淆词汇辨析专四的易混淆词汇有两种：形近词近义词一、形近词1. deceive, perceive, receive, receiptDeceive:欺骗，蒙骗He deceived his friends about his income. 他在自己的收入问题上欺骗了朋友。

Perceive：感觉，察觉，领悟She has perceived the danger. 她已觉察到那危险了。

Receive：收到，接待Our TV receives well since we had a new antenna put on. 自从安装了新天线以来, 我们的电视接收良好。

Receipt：收据，发票I asked for a receipt. 我要一张发票。

2.consult, result, insultConsult ：咨询，商议He consulted the workers to understand the technical process. 他询问工人, 想了解技术上的程序。

Result ：结果，效果The result was quite opposite to what we had expected. 结果和我们所期望的完全相反。

Insult：侮辱,冒犯He turned crimson under the insults. 他的脸因受到侮辱而涨得通红。

3.Deduce, reduce, reproduceDeduce :推论, 演绎On the basis of evidence we deduced that he was guilty. 根据这些证据我们推断他是有罪的。

Reduce：减少; 降低He won't reduce the rent of our house. 他不肯减少我们住房的租金。

Reproduce：复制，繁殖Rabbits reproduce quickly. 兔子繁殖速度很快。

[整理]高中常用词语辨析

编辑——对资料或现成的作品进行整理加工编纂——编辑篇幅较大的著作简洁——简明扼要没有多余的内容简捷——简便快捷摸索——寻求过程中的无助性探索——寻求过程中的深刻性坚忍不拔——信念坚定毫不动摇坚韧不拔——指在艰难情况下肤浅——多指学识浅或理解不深浮浅——多指内容认识浅薄爱慕——因喜欢而愿意接近或因喜爱而向往仰慕——敬仰思慕挺身而出——面对困难敢于站起来承担责任铤而走险——快步跑入艰险采取冒险行动安详——外表平静温和动作从容不迫使用的对象不受年限慈祥——外表和神态从容一般只老人秉性——性格禀性——本性熟悉——知道的详细清楚使用对象一般指知识熟习——技巧的掌握得熟练或了解得很深刻泻——是指液体快速地流泄——实质液体或气体排出斑驳——指的是一种颜色中杂有别的颜色稀疏——指（物体、声音）在空间或时间上隔远均匀——是指分部或分配在各部分的数量相同；时间间隔相等和谐——是指配合的适当或指和谐融洽辨——分别分析辩——说明是非真假采——有摘取选取神色精神等义项彩——解释为各种颜色应得的东西或是称赞夸耀时的欢声精致——精巧细致细致——在粗制品上加工精工制造震动——物体通过一个中心位置不断地作往复运动振动——颤动叮咛——强调反复性嘱咐——可重叠使用躲避——指避开对自己不利的事物隐蔽——侧重藏起来消失——强调过程从逐渐减少到没有消逝——指抽象事物消失消释——疑虑嫌怨痛苦等消失表明——指表示清楚标明——之特意用文字或符号等把某事物直接标出来清闲——清静闲暇侧重在无事可做悠闲——闲适自得侧重心态上怡然自得无牵挂悠远——指离现在的时间长或距离远幽远——山水树木宫室等深而幽静淋淋沥沥——形容是淋淋的往下滴淅淅沥沥——形容轻微的风声雨声霏霏——雨雪纷飞的样子非非——思想进图虚幻的世界一直——顺着原来的某个方向走下去径直——表示不拐弯直接几乎——强调两种事物相差微小基本——多用于肯定句中反而——继续进行下去进而——与上文意思相反或出乎意料暗淡——光线暗淡黯淡——指心理和情绪质问——表责备用在气愤语气中质询——侧重代表机关的成员向其他国家机关或成员质疑原型——原来的类型模型特指叙事性文学作品中塑造人物形象所根据现实生活的人原形——原来的形象或本来的面目一般用于贬义奥妙——深奥微妙指道理和内容奥秘——奥妙神秘侧重在神秘提名——在评选或选举前提出有当选可能的人或事物题名——为纪念或表扬写上名字关于——指关涉的对象用于句首表提示作用组成的介词结构可做标题对于——指出明确的对象可用于句首也可用语句中组成介词结构不可做标题姻缘——指婚姻的缘分因缘——一种普通的缘分摒弃——关键的指抽象事物抛弃——指具体的事物以致——不好的结果以至——下半句开头佩戴——身上的配饰佩戴——身下的配饰树立——较抽象竖立——较具体窘色——为难的样子窘迫——十分为难窘境——十分为难的处境辖制——指管束侧重强制的管制（多只机关单位）挟制——只抓住人的弱点强制服从（多指人）难看——不光彩难堪——强调尴尬不好意思淹没——（大水）漫过盖过用于具体的事物湮没——词义较抽象爆发——火山迸发或突然发作事变突然发生暴发——突然发财或得是得势含贬义涉猎——侧重于接触与粗略的阅读涉及——侧重于牵涉到和关联到蕴藏——着重于蓄积而未显露或未被发掘比喻感情精力韵味等藏而不露埋藏——对象多指物品比喻感情印象等深藏心中坚韧——指固有韧性坚忍——指在艰难困苦中坚忍刻苦的精神超越平常熟悉——侧重知道的详细清楚多适用于知识熟习——侧重于技巧掌握的熟练或了解得很深刻风致——多只美好的容貌和举止也指风味风趣风姿——风度姿态清闲——清净闲暇侧重指无事可做有闲空悠闲——闲适自得侧重指心态上怡然自得了无牵挂延伸——还有伸展的意思强调动态延长——强调在原来的基础上有所发展凄清——只用于人凄惨之意凄凉——景物的寂寞冷落凄楚——侧重指物的清冷实验——为了检验某种科学理论或假设而进行某种操作试验——为了查看某事的结果或某物的性能而从事某种活动品行——指品质性格品性——指有关道德的行为检查——指为了发现问题而用心查看检查——指检举核查考察祈求——希望乞求——请求给予企求——有目的徘徊——来回走动犹豫不决徜徉——悠闲的走彳亍——由于心情惆怅哀伤走走停停的样子微漠——隐约不清晰微茫——微小冷漠温和——不严厉不粗暴和蔼——性情温和凝视——多指长时间集中极力的看着人或物注视——多指注意力集中的看着具体的人或物的某一点倾泻——指大量的水自上而下流淌倾泄——倾吐和发泄情绪明目张胆——公开大胆的做坏事明火执仗——公开的掠夺和抢占毅然——坚决顽强毫不犹豫的样子傲然——比喻在风雨中坚强不屈不以为然——不认为这样是对的不以为意——不把它放在心上忽视大抵——侧重在肯定语气上大概——侧重在推测揣测预测猜测大约——只表估计说明估计的不精确没有猜测之意简洁——说话行文简洁简捷——简单利落悚然——害怕的样子淡然——形容不经心不在意俨然——形容庄严整齐的样子坦然——形容心里平静无顾虑怨气——怨和恨之气冤气——因受冤枉而产生的冤屈之气忧愁——因遭遇困难或不如意的事而苦闷忧郁——忧伤表示经历了长期的苦闷之后的深度烦恼而且主要指内心精神辽阔——指地域寥廓——指抽象涣然——嫌隙误会疑虑等解除焕然——放出光彩澄清——①清亮②由浊变清③揭示事实澄彻——透明清澈大庭广众——人很多的场合众目睽睽——大家的眼睛注视着犹豫——拿不定主意不知怎么办彷徨——犹豫不决在一个地方走来走去有动作的强调意味寂寥——寂静空旷用于描写环境寂寞——孤单冷清多指人往往——多次多数不断发生常常——时常不断功夫——指本领或武术造诣工夫——指时间空间时间时候固执——形容立场性情作风等指坚持自己的意见不肯改变贬义词程度较轻顽固——形容立场思想态度等指手就落后不愿接受新事物或坚持反动立场死撑到底指示——给人看可以使人也可以是事物还表示指点指导的意思指使——支使或使唤多用于具体的人惊愕——惊讶发愣惊奇——侧重奇怪谛听——听听不清的声音倾听——认真仔细听取意见昧心——违背良心做坏事违心——不得不违背意愿不一定做坏事时代——时间长时期——时间段伤残——词义比较小残疾——词义较大残废——词义较大本领——着重于工作技能特殊的技巧本事——着重于活动能力指一般能力做客——拜访别人自己是客人作客——寄居他乡夸耀——一般指炫耀自己含贬义夸奖——称赞别人抱怨——心中不满述说别人不对埋怨报怨——对所怨恨的人做出反应抵抗——用力量制止对方进攻抵挡——挡住压力抵制——阻止某些事物是不能侵入或发生作用轻率——随随便便的没有经过慎重的考虑草率——做事不认真敷衍了事（指行动）践踏——踩比喻摧残蹂躏——只践踏比喻用暴力欺辱领略——认识了解事物进一步体会领会——领略事物进一步体会终生——一生多就事业来说终身——一生一辈子多就切身的事来说（终身大事）会合——用于具体的事物汇合——用于抽象的事物指水时只能用汇合义气——因私人感情敢于承担风险甚至牺牲自己的生命意气——意志气概刻意——用尽心思强调为了引起他人的注意而发生的行为故意——有意识的（那样做）后接表示不期望不好意义的动词伤心——由于惨遭不幸或不如意的事而心中痛苦惆怅——伤感失意忧伤——忧愁悲伤（忧伤的词义比惆怅重但惆怅比忧伤多了失落之意）悸动——因害怕而心跳得厉害惊悸——因惊慌而心跳得厉害温驯——温和驯服“被驯服”温顺——温和顺从多指态度性情等蛊惑——毒害迷惑诱惑——使人认识模糊而做坏事妨碍——使事情不能顺利进行妨害——有害于阻挠——组织或暗中破坏是不能发展或成功阻碍——使不能顺利通过或发展沸沸扬扬——像沸腾的水一样喧闹多形容议论纷纷纷纷扬扬——飘洒得多而杂乱辛酸——痛苦悲伤心酸——心里悲痛厄运——不幸的命运噩运——坏运气衷心——内心忠诚忠心?——忠诚倘若——只用于书面语如果——口语或书面语都可用可以表示对比烘托——从旁渲染陪衬衬托——强调从旁对照永远——表示时间长久没有终止永恒——永远不变朦胧——月光不明亮不清楚蒙眬——快睡着时看东西模糊的样子怜悯——对遭遇不幸的人的同情怜惜——怜悯爱惜浅薄——不深刻淡薄——不浓厚爆裂——突然裂开暴烈——性情凶暴猛烈备受——完全受到倍受——加倍受到汇集=会集蜕变——人或事质变演变——发展变化保护——尽力照顾指不受伤害庇护——有包庇袒护之意含贬义袒护——指对错误的思想行为无原则的支持和保护维护——指维持保护情谊——指人与人相互关心爱护的感情情意——指亲属同志朋友间的相互应有的感情骇人听闻——程度惊人的残暴残毒卑劣的事实指坏人坏事耸人听闻——歪曲捏造无中生有的事或夸大事态只坏人坏事危言耸听——等于耸人听闻保证——着重在把将要做的工作负责完成对象多是较具体的工作或行动保障——事务不受侵犯对象多是安全权利自由和平等较抽象的事物逐步——着重在一步步的有步骤的在事物的发展过程中有明显的阶段性逐渐——着重在一点一点的渐渐地没有阶段性随遇而安——强调能适应任何环境在任何环境中都能满足安之若素——遇到不顺利的情况或反常现象都像平常一样对待不在意摇摇欲坠——强调前景危险风雨飘摇——强调处境险恶震荡——受外力影响震撼——心灵受震动。

2012高考真题高频词汇总结完整版(附例句释义)

2012高考真题高频词汇及短语总结By Borderless1 bring up 抚养a child who is well-brought-up has been taught to be polite and to behave well提出put forward for consideration or discussion e.g. bring up an unpleasant topic2 hook on 迷上become hooked on sth / doing sth3 major 主要的；主修Drug abuse has long been a major problem for the authorities there.4 connect 连接If something or someone connects one thing to another, or if one thing connects to another, the two things are joined together5 honorable 尊敬的If you describe people or actions as honourable, you mean that they are good and deserve to be respected and admired.6 further 促进If you further something, you help it to progress, to be successful, or to be achieved7 advanced 先进的An advanced system, method, or design is modern and has been developed from an earlier version of the same thing.8 behavioral 行为的behavioral science9 position 位置；职位He left a career in teaching to take up a position with the Arts Council.10 firmly 坚信的He is firmly convinced that it is vital to do this.11 seek for 寻求When someone seeks something, they try to obtain it.12 spirit 精神Your spirit is the part of you that is not physical and that consists of your character and feelings.13 officially 官方地Official means approved by the government or by someone in authority.14 retire 退休When older people retire, they leave their job and usually stop working completely.15 set objectives 设定目标Your objective is what you are trying to achieve.16 objective 客观的I believe that a journalist should be completely objective.17 more often than not 往往，多半The fruits（pineapple）were green and more often than not hard with an unpleasant taste within.18 produce 农产品We manage to get most of our produce in Britain.19 slightly 稍微Slightly means to some degree but not to a very large degree.20 hit-and-miss 碰巧的This type of pineapple was twice as sweet as the hit-and-miss pineapples we had known.21 in no time 立刻She finished the assignment in no time22 take the market by storm 席卷市场23 variety多样If something has variety, it consists of things which are different from each other.24 deliver 讲话；投递The president will deliver a speech about schools.25 nutrition 营养Nutritious food contains substances which help your body to be healthy.26 vitamin 维生素Vitamins are substances that you need in order to remain healthy, which are found in food or can be eaten in the form of pills.27 eager 急切的Robert was eager to talk about life in the Army.28 fixture常客If you describe someone or something as a fixture in a particular place or occasion, you mean that they always seem to be there.29 turn to 求助于He turned to law for help, but failed.30 attempt 尝试The only time that we attempted to do something like that was in the city of Philadelphia31 knock out of 驱逐出，使失去To knock a particular quality or characteristic out of someone means to make them lose it.32 effective 有效的The project looks at how we could be more effective in encouraging students to enter teacher training.33 take effect 生效The new law will take effect next month.34 federal 联邦的A federal country or system of government is one in which the different states or provinces of the country have important powers to make their own laws and decisions.35 tax 税Tax is an amount of money that you have to pay to the government so that it can pay for public services.36 jam 挤，赛They jammed into buses provided by the Red Cross and headed for safety.37 advocate 提倡；拥护者Mr Williams is a conservative who advocates fewer government controls on business.38 sensitive 敏感的Young people are very sensitive about their appearance.39 fiercely 强烈地He has always been ambitious and fiercely competitive.40 insist on 坚持Many states insist on closing their ears to the message.41 deter from阻止Supporters of the death penalty argue that it would deter criminals from carrying guns.42 take up 从事He left a job in the City to take up farming.占据I know how busy you must be and naturally I wouldn't want to take up too much of your time43 addicted 上瘾的I went through about four years of being addicted to video games.44 obvious 明显的If something is obvious, it is easy to see or understand.45 survey调查If you carry out a survey, you try to find out detailed information about a lot of different people or things, usually by asking people a series of questions.46 by comparison 比较The amount of carbon dioxide released by human activities such as burning coal and oil is small in comparison.47 depressing令人忧愁的Other low-tax states have similarly depressing teen-smoking records.48 representative代表A representative is a person who has been chosen to act or make decisions on behalf of another person or a group of people.49 burden负担If you describe a problem or a responsibility as a burden, you mean that it causes someone a lot of difficulty, worry, or hard work.50 in the first place从一开始We should keep future generations from getting hooked in the first place.51 remove移除At least three bullets were removed from his wounds.52 inclusive 包括在内的If a price is inclusive, it includes all the charges connected with the goods or services offered. E.g. all prices are inclusive of delivery.运输53 sample 样品We're giving away 2000 free samples.54 explore 探索If you explore a place, you travel around it to find out what it is like.55 visa 签证A visa is an official document, or a stamp put in your passport, which allows you to enter or leave a particular country.56 accommodation 住所The government will provide temporary accommodation for up to three thousand people.57 departure 离开They hoped this would lead to the departure of all foreign forces from the country.58 fuel charge 燃料费His comments are bound to add fuel to the debate. 火上浇油59 broad 宽阔的His shoulders were broad and his waist narrow.60 generalized 广泛的Generalized means involving many different things, rather than one or two specific things.61 loosen up放松Young people often loosen up on the dance floor.62 primarily 主要的Public order is primarily an urban problem.63 overlook 忽视；俯瞰If you overlook a fact or problem, you do not notice it, or do not realize how important it is. a fact that we all tend to overlook.64 block 街区；阻挡When the shrimp farm is built it will block the stream.65 pay off 偿清；成功；It would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loanSandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence paid off66 academic 学术性的Their academic standards are high..67 improve 改善We need to improve on our performance against France68 occupant（房屋）居住者Most of the occupants had left before the fire broke out.69 outlook （人生）观点；前景The illness had a profound effect on his outlook.The economic outlook is one of rising unemployment..70 inspire 鼓舞If someone or something inspires you to do something new or unusual, they make you want to do it. If a book, work of art, or action is inspired by something, that thing is the source of the idea for it.71 abstract 抽象的An abstract idea or way of thinking is based on general ideas rather than on real things and events72 indicate表明A survey of retired people has indicated that most are independent and enjoying life73 aspect 方面Climate and weather affect every aspect of our lives74 keep sb focused 保持专注He is currently focusing on assessment and development.75 promote推销；促进；晋升；You don't have to sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth If someone is promoted, they are given a more important job or rank in the organization that they work for76 item（一件）物品；条款The most valuable item on show will be a Picasso drawing..77 fill out a form填写表格78 goods 货物Money can be exchanged for goods or services.79 capable有能力的If a person or thing is capable of doing something, they have the ability to do it.80 charge a fee to members 向会员收费81 upgrade升级If equipment or services are upgraded, they are improved or made more efficient.82 word of mouth 口碑83 platform 平台Nick finished what he was saying and jumped down from the platform84 investment 投资I worry about this big investment of time and effort85 minister部长；大臣When the government had come to power, he had been named minister of culture86 wonder想知道；奇迹a lecture on the wonders of space and space exploration87 open up开放As the market opens up, people are going to be able to spend more money on consumer goods88 when it comes to 当提到...89 emotion 情感Her voice trembled with emotion90 diversified 多样化的When an organization or person diversifies into other things, or diversifies their range of something, they increase the variety of things that they do or make.91 reflection 反映；深思Marry stared at her reflection in the bedroom mirror92 significant重要的；显著的foods that offer a significant amount of protein.93 strategy 策略What should our marketing strategy have achieved?94 particular 特定的；挑剔的I remembered a particular story about a postman who was a murderer...Ted was very particular about the colors he used95 accurately精确的They were accurate in their prediction that he would change her life drastically彻底的96 neutral 中立的If a person or country adopts a neutral position or remains neutral, they do not support anyone in a disagreement, war, or contest97 disgust厌恶，反感If you are disgusted, you feel a strong sense of dislike and disapproval at something98 category类别cross-cultural跨文化的99 convey 表达To convey information or feelings means to cause them to be known or understood by someone. 100 universally普遍的The problem is now universally recognized101 previously先前的The contract was awarded to a previously unknown company102 complex 复杂的；综合大楼Something that is complex has many different parts, and is therefore often difficult to understand. a complex of offices and flats商住综合大楼103 neglect 忽略The woman denied that she had neglected her child..104 feature特征；面貌A feature of something is an interesting or important part or characteristic of it.105 even平坦的；均匀的The meat is divided evenly and boiled in a pot.106 distinguish辨别Could he distinguish right from wrong?.. a distinguished gentleman卓越著名的107 scan扫描；粗看She scanned the advertisement pages of the newspapers108 fix on凝视If you fix your eyes on someone or something or if your eyes fix on them, you look at them with complete attention109 tend to 趋向In older age groups women predominate（占多数）because men tend to die younger.110 attach to 贴；附属If you attach something to an object, you join it or fasten it to the object.111 float 漂浮the sun's rays lighting up the dust floating in the air112 gravity 重力Gravity is the force which causes things to drop to the ground.113 constant 不断的She suggests that women are under constant pressure to be abnormally thin114 attitude 态度altitude海拔The following day I ran my first race at high altitude115 phenomenon 现象A phenomenon is something that is observed to happen or exist116 stepping stones 垫脚石；跳板Many students now see university as a stepping stone to a good job117 regardless of不顾It takes in anybody regardless of religion, colour, or creed（信仰）118 reliable 可靠的She was efficient and reliable.119 rely on依靠They relied heavily on the advice of their professional advisers..120 irresponsibility不负责任I felt that it was irresponsible to advocate the legalization of drugs121 remedy 补救；治疗The remedy lies in the hands of the government122 range范围The two men discussed a range of issues123 apply 申请I am continuing to apply for jobs. They may apply to join the organization应用He is applying the technology to practical business problems124 associate 联合；联系If you associate someone or something with another thing, the two are connected in your mind.125 quality 质量quantity 数量Everyone can greatly improve the quality of life126 solution 解决办法Although he has sought to find a peaceful solution, he is facing pressure to use greater military force127 household 家庭Many poor households are experiencing real hardship128 consumption 消耗The laws have led to a reduction in fuel consumption in the US129 belonging行李；财产I hope you've let none of your belongings in the hotel130 security安全They are now under a great deal of pressure to tighten their airport security131 commercial 商业的British Rail has indeed become more commercial over the past decade132 refreshment 提神；茶点Refreshments are drinks and small amounts of food that are provided, for example, during a meeting or a journey.133 souvenir纪念品souvenir is something which you buy or keep to remind you of a holiday, place, or event 134 note 笔记；注意到Suddenly, I noted that the rain had stopped135 interval间隔An interval between two events or dates is the period of time between them.136 depart出发In the morning Mr McDonald departed for Sydney...137 explore探索；探究The film explores the relationship between artist and instrument138 available 可用的；有空的There are three small boats available for hire139 resident居民residence住所They had entered the country and had applied for permanent residence140 descriptive描述的Descriptive language or writing indicates what someone or something is like.141 invest 投资you use your money in a way that you hope will increase its value142 capital资本；资金Companies are having difficulty in raising capital.融资143 contribute to贡献；促成The report says design faults in both the ships contribute d to the tragedy144 economy经济The Japanese economy grew at an annual rate of more than 10 percent145 demand 要求If you demand something such as information or action, you ask for it in a very forceful way 146 incompetent不能胜任的The court declared him incompetent to manage his financial affairs147 guarantee保证A famous old name on a firm is not necessarily a guarantee of quality148 live off以...为生a man who all his life had lived off his father149 fund资助When a person or organization funds something, they provide money for it150 pressing calls紧迫的呼声It is one of the most pressing problems facing this country151social mobility社会流行性；机动性In a mobile society, people move easily from one job, home, or social class to another152 individual个人anonymous （匿名的）individual s who are doing good things within our community153 register注册He signed the register at the hotel.154 assertiveness坚决，武断；断言Someone who is assertive states their needs and opinions clearly, so that people take notice155 retiring孤僻不爱交际的Someone who is retiring is shy and avoids meeting other people156 stereotype思维定势；陈规旧习There's always been a stereotype about successful businessmen.157 cut in插嘴you cut in on someone, you interrupt them when they are speaking.158 coincidence巧合A coincidence is when two or more similar or related events occur at the same time by chance and without any planning159 befriend跟某人交朋友；以朋友相待If you befriend someone, especially someone who is lonely or far from home, you make friends with them160 expectation期望Students' expectation s were as varied as their majors.170 hold up 举起；耽搁Continuing violence could hold up progress towards reform171 pause停顿He had to pause to clear his throat172 pull up停车When a vehicle or driver pulls up, the vehicle slows down and stops.173 stare at盯着Tamara stare d at him in disbelief, shaking her head.174 relish喜爱；品味I relish the challenge of doing jobs that others turn down.175 sigh叹气When you sigh, you let out a deep breath, as a way of expressing feelings such as disappointment, tiredness, or pleasure176 striking引人注目的The most striking feature of those statistics is the high proportion of suicides177 trick把戏；花招A trick is an action that is intended to deceive someone178 check核查；支票=cheque It's worth check ing each item for obvious flaws.179 even平坦的；均匀的Many are tired of being unpopular because of their wealth and would encourage more even distribution of it 很多人厌倦了因为自己的财富而不受欢迎，从而会鼓励更加均匀地分配财富。

高考英语二轮复习精品之必备词汇辨析(十三)

2012届高考英语二轮专题复习精品之必备词汇辨析（十三）1、near, nearlynear用作副词时，有nearly（几乎，差不多）的意思，等于almost, 这时候可以通用。

不过，往往在表示这一层意思时，人们习惯用nearly，而很少用near,尤其是用来修饰数词时。

例如：It is nearly ten o'clock. 差不多十点钟了。

Dinner is nearly ready. 晚饭就要好了。

I was near (or: nearly) being killed; it was a very near thing. 我几乎丧命，真悬。

There are nearly enough people here to do the job. 干这项活，这里人手差不多够了。

near在作形容词时，主要用来表示场所、时间，有“在附近”和“逼近”的意思。

例如：Don't go far away; stay somewhere near. 别走远，就在附近呆着。

The Spring Festival is drawing near. 春节即将来临。

注意：副词nearly要尽可能靠近它所修饰的那个词或词组，否则，有可能会影响全句的意思。

试比较：Our production brigade nearly lost fifty cattle in the flood. 我们生产队在发洪水时几乎损失了五十头牛。

（事实上没有损失）Our production brigade lost nearly fifty cattle in the flood. 我们生产队在洪水中损失了差不多五十头牛。

（事实上损失了将近五十头）2、necessary, necessitynecessary作名词用时，尽管与necessity同义，均可表示“必需品”，“必要的东西”的意思，但用法有别。

necessary尽管是可数名词，但通常用作复数形式necessaries; necessity可用作可数名词，既可用作单数，也可用作复数，但常见作复数。

中考重点必会词语辨析

中考重点必会词语辨析一、同音词辨析1. 棉（mián）与免（miǎn）【例句】- 这件衣服是纯棉的，质地很好。

- 我们可以免了这一章节的内容，以节省时间。

【辨析】- 棉（mián）指的是一种植物纤维，也可以指代棉花或由棉花制成的物品。

- 免（miǎn）表示不再做某事，避免、不需要或豁免。

2. 嗅（xiù）与休（xiū）【例句】- 狗的嗅觉非常敏锐，能够闻到一般人闻不到的气味。

- 明天是休息日，我们可以休息一整天。

【辨析】- 嗅（xiù）表示闻、闻到、嗅到的动作或能力。

- 休（xiū）表示歇息、休息、放假等意思。

3. 蔬（shū）与书（shū）【例句】- 妈妈强调我们要多吃蔬菜，保持健康。

- 弟弟正在看一本有趣的书，他很喜欢读书。

【辨析】- 蔬（shū）表示蔬菜、蔬果等的意思。

- 书（shū）指的是书籍或书本。

二、形近词辨析1. 发（fā）与法（fǎ）【例句】- 他每天都在练习发音，希望可以准确地说英语。

- 法律是维护社会秩序的重要手段和保障。

【辨析】- 发（fā）表示发出声音，或者特指发音。

- 法（fǎ）指的是法律、法则等。

2. 空（kōng）与孔（kǒng）【例句】- 外面的空气很清新，我喜欢在户外呼吸新鲜的空气。

- 他用一根细棍在纸上敲打出了孔，方便装订文件。

【辨析】- 空（kōng）指的是没有物体存在的状态，或者指代没有被占用的地方。

- 孔（kǒng）表示孔隙、洞口，有形容有洞的意思。

3. 劝（quàn）与圈（quān）【例句】- 爸爸劝我多读书，他说知识可以改变我的人生。

- 妈妈给小狗戴上了一只圈，以防它跑远了。

【辨析】- 劝（quàn）表示劝导、劝说。

- 圈（quān）是一种闭合的形状，也可以指代一种用绳或线等制成的带环装置。

三、近义词辨析1. 容易与简单【例句】- 这个数学题很容易，我很快就能解出来。

- 制作火锅的步骤很简单，只需要准备好材料就可以了。

2012届高考英语二轮复习精品之必备词汇辨析(十四)

2012届高考英语二轮专题复习精品之必备词汇辨析（十四）1、offer, provide, supply这组词都有“供给，装备”之意。

offer: 常用词，意为" 提出，提供，呈现"，表示向别人提供可接受也可拒绝的某物，如帮助，服务或物品，这可能是对方要求也可能是自己主动提出的。

offer to help sb. 表示愿意帮助某人；offer sb. sth./ offer sth. to sb.提供某人某物。

例如：The river would offer power production estimated at 500,000 kilowatts if a dam were constructed. 如果筑起水坝，这条河就能提供大约50万千瓦的电力。

An international corporation offered him a well-paid job, which he refused politely, since taking it would involve traveling abroad most of the time. 一家跨国公司向他许诺一份待遇优厚的工作，而他婉言谢绝了，因为接受那项工作就意味着大多数时间都得在国外出差。

provide: "供给，提供，装备，准备"，强调有预见，并通过储存或准备的方式为某事做准备，以在需要时提供所需物品。

常用词组：provide sb. with sth./ provide sth. for sb. 提供生活费，养活，为……做准备。

例如：Through the long days his wife sought by every possible means to provide him with occupation.在漫长的日子里，他的妻子试图用各种可能的办法给他找事干。

As equipment improved, satellites began providing scientistswith weather maps of the entire globe. 设备改进后，人造卫星开始向科学家提供整个地球的气象图。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

2012：精品之必备词汇辨析（十）1、job, labour, work这一组名词都表示“工作”。

job指具体的“工作，职业”，特别是指有报酬的工作。

它是可数名词。

如：He has a good job in a bank.他在银行有一份很好的工作。

They were paid according to the number of jobs they completed.他们是按劳计酬的。

labour指艰苦的劳动，尤指繁重的体力劳动。

当用来指脑力劳动时，强调绞尽脑汁的艰辛。

它可作可数名词及不可数名词。

如：physical labour(体力劳动), mental labour(脑力劳动)，hard labour(苦役)，the fruit of one's labours (劳动果实)。

work是含义极广的常用词，它可指任何一种工作，包括体力和脑力劳动。

作“工作”解的work是不可数名词，没有复数形式。

当作可数名词时，work指“（文学艺术）作品，著作”等；works则指“工厂”，单复数为同一种形式。

如：That is not easy work.那不是一件容易的工作。

What a great work of art!多好的一件艺术作品呀。

His complete works have been reprinted.他的著作全集已经被发表了。

It takes a lot of work to build an iron works.要建造一家制铁厂需要花许多工夫。

2、join, join in, take part in这一组词都有“参加”的意思。

join多指加入组织，团体，党派等，有作为其中的一个成员的含义。

join后也可接人，表示和某人一起参加某活动。

如：It's two years since he joined the club.他参加这个俱乐部已两年了。

He joined the army in 1945 and joined the Communist Party next year. 他于一九四五年参军，并在第二年入党。

Will you join us?跟我们一起来，好吗？join in指参加某项游戏，活动，讨论等，in为介词或副词。

此短语常用于join sb. in...结构，in后可接名词或动名词，介词in短语有时可以省去。

如：Do join us (in the game).跟我们一起做游戏吧。

They joined me in congratulating you.他们与我一道向你表示祝贺。

Let's join in and give them a warm welcome.让我们也一起给他们以热烈的欢迎。

The whole crowd joined in singing the popular song.整个人群都唱起了这首流行歌曲。

take part in多指参加和参与群众性的活动、运动、会议及战争等，含有以主人翁的态度加入其中并发挥一定作用的意思。

如：The Union took an active part in the strike.工会在这次罢工中发挥了积极的作用。

They took a leading part in the efforts to strengthen the national defense. 他们在加强国防力量方面出了很大力。

He took part in the students' movement in the early forties. 在四十年代初，他参加了学生运动。

The Swiss didn't take part in the two World Wars. 瑞典没有参加两次世界大战。

3、journey, tour, trip, travel这一组词都表示“旅行”。

journey一般指在陆地上进行的长途旅行，常表示所花的时间及所走的路程都相当长，而且有最终不一定要回到原出发地的含义，常蕴涵辛苦的意味。

有时它也被用来指海上与空中的旅行。

如：He decided to make the journey to Dunhuang, and it was rather difficult. 他决定去敦煌旅游，但旅途会很艰难。

Life is a long journey from birth to death. 从出生到死亡，人生是一个漫长的旅程。

tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行，强调游览多处，距离可长可短，常用来指观光与商业旅行等。

如：She made a tour of Korea.她去韩国旅行了一次。

He has gone on a walking tour.他去参加了步行旅游。

trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行，如因公出差及游览度假等，它可指海陆空的旅行，并往往暗示会回到原出发地。

在比较通俗的用法中，常可代替journey表示长途旅行。

如：I amgoing to make a trip to Hangzhou.我准备去杭州旅游。

He took several trips to Shanghai in 1997.在一九九七年，他去了几次上海。

travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行，尤指到国外的旅行，它无定向的目的地，有到各地游历的意味。

它表示具体的旅行时常用复数形式。

作不可数名词时，常被用来泛指旅行这一行为。

如：Did you go to Santiago during your travels?这次旅行你去了圣地亚哥了没有？Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.在茂密的森林中穿梭是很危险的。

4、keep doing, keep on doing这两个词组均用来表示“不断做”的意思，但在涵义上有所不同。

keep doing和keep on doing都可表示“不断（老是）做某事”的意思，强调动作连续不断，每隔一会儿发生，这时两者可以换用。

不同的是keep doing中的doing是动名词，作宾语。

例如：John always kept (on) asking questions.约翰总是问个不停。

News of successes keeps (on) pouring in.捷报频传。

keep doing还可表示连续不断的动作或持续的状态。

keep on doing则没有这种用法。

例如：We kept working in the fields in spite of the rain. 尽管下雨，我们还是坚持在地里干活。

Why do the dogs keep barking?这些狗为什么不停地叫？5、keep sb. from doing sth., keep sth. from sb.keep sb. from doing sth.相当于prevent (or: stop) sb. from doing sth., 意为"阻止某人做某事"。

keep sth. from sb.则表示“将某事瞒着某人”的意思。

例如：What kept you from joining me? 什么事情使你不能和我在一起？We must keep them from getting to know our plans.我们必须防止他们知道我们的计划。

It seems that she keeps something from us.她好像有什么事瞒着我们似的。

Why did you keep the truth from me? 你为什么向我隐瞒真相？6、kind, sort, type这一组词都表示“种类”，常可互换使用。

kind系普通用语，其含义较模糊，它所指的种类可用任何标准区分，但着重以事物的自然属性和内在性质为标准来区分。

kind常和type换用，但在表示动植物的种类,族及牌类游戏时，不能用type代替。

如：There are different kinds of animals in Shanghai Wild Animal Park. 在上海野生动物园有许多不同的动物。

Computers can actually do many kinds of work. 事实上，电脑能做许多不同的工作。

sort也为普通用语，比kind更口语化，其概念同kind一样很不严密，两者常可互换，但sort常掺杂说话人的主观色彩，带有轻蔑与贬低的含义。

如：We talked of all sorts of subjects.我们谈了各种话题。

These sorts of people are ready to eat anywhere.这种人总是走到哪里吃到哪里。

7、know, recognizeknow为“认识，熟悉，知道”，表示认识或熟悉某人，某事，某地。

它可作及物或不及物动词，后接名词，代词及从句作宾语，另可接含形容词及不定式的复合结构。

如：Who knows, perhaps he doesn't care about me at all.谁知道呢，也许他根本不在乎我。

Have you known Oliver long? I knew him as long ago as the year 1984. 你很久以前就认识奥利福了吗？我在一九八四年的时候就认识他了。

I didn't know you were coming today.我不知道你会来。

I've never known you so cheerful.我从来不知道你这么开朗。

I know her to be a fool.我知道她是个傻瓜。

recognize为“认出，认清，承认”，表示能认出原来认识或曾经见过的人，物及地方，以及承认某事物的客观存在。

它只作及物动词，后接名词，代词及从句作宾语。

如：You have grown so tall that I scarcely recognize you.你长成这么高，我几乎认不出你来了。

Did yourecognize your uncle at once? 你是不是一下子就认出你的叔叔来了？Presently I recognized that we were in the Atlantic Avenue. 现在我知道我们在亚特兰大大街。

8、keep up, keep up withkeep up既可是动副型短语动词，也可是动介型短语动词，主要表示“（斗志，价格等）不低落”，“维持，继续”等意。

可以用于被动语态。

例如：Their spirit kept up well in spite of hardships.虽有困难，但他们并不气馁。