高一第二学期期中考试模拟题及答案
人教版高一下学期期中考试模拟试题(含参考答案)
人教版高一下学期期中考试模拟试题测试范围：必修一 必修二第一章 满分100分班级 姓名 得分一、单选题(每小题2分，共32分)1．(本题2分)下列物质的用途不正确．．．的是（ ） A ．氧化镁用于制作耐火材料 B ．漂白粉用于杀菌消毒 C ．SiO 2用于制造半导体材料D ．过氧化钠用作潜艇供氧剂2．(本题2分)淀粉碘化钾试纸是一种用淀粉和碘化钾溶液浸泡晒制而成的试纸，主要用来检验较强氧化剂。
下列物质不能使湿润的淀粉碘化钾试纸变蓝的是（ ） A ．溴水B ．碘酒C ．氯水D ．碘化钠3．(本题2分)下列化学用语表示正确．．的是（ ） A ．N 2的电子式：B ．次氯酸的结构式：H —Cl —OC ．CO 2的比例模型：D ．S 2－的结构示意图：4．(本题2分)下列试剂保存方式不正确．．．的是（ ） A ．HF 溶液保存于塑料瓶中B ．浓硝酸保存在棕色玻璃瓶中C ．稀NaOH 溶液保存于带胶塞的玻璃瓶中D ．锂保存于煤油中 5．(本题2分)下列解释实验事实的离子方程式不正确．．．的是（ ） A ．向AlCl 3溶液中滴加氨水：Al 3++3OH —=Al(OH)3↓B ．向FeCl 2溶液中通入氯气，溶液变黄色：2Fe 2++Cl 2=2Fe 3++2Cl —C ．向CuSO 4溶液中滴加NaOH 溶液，生成沉淀：Cu 2++2OH —=Cu(OH)2↓D ．Fe(OH)2白色变灰绿，最后变红褐色：4Fe(OH)2+O 2+2H 2O=4Fe(OH)36．(本题2分)通常检测SO 2含量是否达到排放标准的反应原理是SO 2＋H 2O 2＋BaCl 2=BaSO 4↓＋2HCl 。
设N A 表示阿伏加德罗常数的值，下列说法错误．．的是（ ） A ．生成2.33gBaSO 4沉淀时，转移电子数目为0.02N A B ．SO 2具有漂白性，从而可使品红褪色 C ．17gH 2O 2中含有非极性键的数目为0.5N A D ．0.1molBaCl 2晶体中所含分子总数为0.1N A 7．(本题2分)某溶液中有NH 4+、Mg 2+、Fe 2+和Al 3+四种阳离子，若向其中加入过量的氢氧化钠溶液，微热并搅拌，再加入过量盐酸，溶液中大量减少的阳离子组合是（ ） A ．NH 4+、 Mg 2+ B ．Mg 2+、Fe 2+ C ．Mg 2+、Al 3+D ．NH 4+、Fe 2+8．(本题2分)我国某物理研究所取得重大科技成果，研制出由18O 所构成的单质气体。
高一语文(下册)期中考试试卷 人教版 (含答案)
高一语文(下册)期中考试试卷人教版 (含答案)一、选择题1. 下面哪个成语的意思与其他三个不同？A. 春暖花开B. 井底之蛙C. 一箭双雕D. 开门见山答案：B2. 下面哪个句子中没有语病？A. 你好，我不是来晚的。
B. 星期天我们去了长城。
C. 她是我认识的那个人。
D. 上了初中，作业比以前多了。
答案：C二、简答题1. 请简要解释什么是比喻？答：比喻是一种修辞手法，利用形象生动的语言，通过点明两者之间的相似性，使文字更富有感染力和表现力。
2. 请举一个你喜欢的句子并说明理由。
答：我喜欢古人所说的"时光荏苒，物是人非"这句句子。
它简洁明了地表达了时间的流逝和人事的变迁，让人感叹光阴的短暂和人生的无常性。
三、阅读理解请参考附件中的阅读材料，并根据材料回答问题。
1. 从文中可以了解到的人物的特点是什么？答：根据文中描述，该人物勇敢、聪明、有责任感，并且乐于助人。
2. 这篇文章的主题是什么？答：这篇文章的主题是团队合作的重要性。
四、作文题请根据自己的理解，选择下面两个题目中的一个进行写作：1. 描述你最难忘的一本书，并说明理由。
2. 谈谈你对友情的理解。
答：我选择题目1进行写作。
我最难忘的一本书是《小王子》，这本书通过一个小王子的冒险故事，讲述了关于爱、友情、责任等主题。
阅读这本书让我深入思考人生的意义和价值观，并且带给了我许多启示和感悟。
这本书的精彩故事和深刻思想使它成为我永远难以忘怀的一本书。
以上是本次期中考试试卷的文档，希望能对你有所帮助。
祝你考试顺利！。
高一下学期期中考试语文试卷含答案(共3套)
高一下学期期中考试语文试卷含答案(共3套)高一第二学期期中考试语文试题（满分：150分；考试时间：150分钟）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）文化软实力，是指一个国家或地区基于文化而具有的凝聚力、生命力、创新力、传播力和影响力。
“文化软实力”的说法源自XXX的软实力理论。
一般来说，软实力是一种隐形的力量，蕴含在文化、政治价值观、外交政策和国际形象四个载体中。
在这四个载体中，文化是核心，其他三个组成部分也都深深地烙上了文化的影子。
甚至有人直接把软实力解释成文化力。
基于此，文化软实力就有了广义和狭义之分，广义的文化软实力就是指“软实力”；狭义的文化软实力，则是构成软实力的文化要素。
文化软实力的形成必须依赖先进的文化，而这种文化只有与时俱进才能更好地服务于相应的时代和社会，才能更好地促进个人全面自由的发展，才能体现出强大的吸引力和感染力。
文化软实力的作用，主要体现在国内和国际两个方面。
在国内，它通过文化建设不断增强本国文化的认同感，抵御国外一些敌对文化理念的侵袭，增强国内民众的凝聚力。
通过吸收国外先进文化元素和不断改造本国文化中落后的成分，使本国文化更加适应当前形势，更好地指导经济建设，更好地彰显本国文化的强劲生命力。
在国际政治舞台上，兼容并蓄、富有活力的本国文化必将为国外受众所认可，使本国所奉行的理念得到传播，从而提升国家形象和影响力。
文化软气力产生于一定的文化资本。
这些资本包括国家价值寻求、社会理念、宗教崇奉、品德规范，还包括风俗惯、民族精神、国民素质、文学艺术等，还与教育、科技、文化财产的开展水平密切相干。
文化软气力产生的根本是人们对本国中心价值体系的认同和接受。
与传统手段相比，非强制手段是文化软气力完成的手段，而国家的综合国力是文化软气力的力量施展阐发形式。
在现实社会中，往往存在重器不重道的现象。
它表现在国家综合实力的建设上，就是重视提升硬实力而不重视提升文化软实力。
重视提升硬实力是对的，文化软实力也一定要以硬实力为基础。
第二学期高一数学期中考试模拟试题和答案
第二学期高一数学期中考试模拟试题第一部分 选择题 (共60分)一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分. 在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.(1) 已知某厂的产品合格率为%90，现抽出10件产品检查，则下列说法正确的是 （A ）合格产品少于9件 （B ）合格产品多于9件 （C ）合格产品正好是9件 （D ）合格产品可能是9件(2) 某公司在甲、乙、丙、丁四个地区分别有150个、120个、180个、150个销售点。
公司为了调查产品销售的情况，需从这600个销售点中抽取一个容量为100的样本，记这项调查为○1；在丙地区中有20个特大型销售点，要从中抽取7个调查其销售收入和售后服务等情况，记这项调查为○2。
则完成○1、○2这两项调查宜采用的抽样方法依次是 （A ）分层抽样法，系统抽样法 （B ）分层抽样法，简单随机抽样法 （C ）系统抽样法，分层抽样法 （D ）简单随机抽样法，分层抽样法(3) 用直接排序法将无序列{}27,13,76,97,65,38,49按照从大到小的顺序排为有序列时,第五趟有序列插入排序后，得到的数列是（A ）{}27,13,76,97,38,49,65 （B ）{}27,13,76,38,65,49,97 （C ）{}13,27,97,65,38,49,76 （D ）{}27,13,38,49,65,76,97(4) 从4名男生和2名女生中任选3人参加演讲比赛，则所选3人中至少有1名女生的概率是 （A ）51 （B ）53 （C ）54 （D ）31(5) 在抽查产品的尺寸过程中，将其尺寸分成若干组。
[),a b 是其中的一组， 抽查出的个体在该组上的频率为m,该组上的直方图的高为h,则a b -=（A ）hm （B ）m h （C ）hm （D ）h+m (6) 右图给出的是计算201614121++++ 的值的一个流程图，其中判断框内应填入的条件是（A ） 10>i （B ） 10<i （C ） 20>i （D ） 20<i(7) 一个样本M 的数据是x 1, x 2, ,x n ,它的平均数是5，另一个样本N 的数 据x 12,x 22, ，x n 2它的平均数是34。
高一期中考试试题及答案
高一期中考试试题及答案一、选择题（每题3分，共30分）1. 下列关于细胞结构的描述，正确的是：A. 细胞壁只存在于植物细胞B. 细胞膜是细胞的外层结构C. 细胞核是细胞的能量转换器D. 线粒体是细胞的遗传物质储存地答案：B2. 光合作用中，水分子分解发生在：A. 光反应阶段B. 暗反应阶段C. 光反应和暗反应阶段D. 细胞呼吸阶段答案：A3. 人体细胞中，负责合成蛋白质的结构是：A. 线粒体B. 核糖体C. 内质网D. 高尔基体答案：B4. 以下哪种元素不属于人体必需的微量元素？A. 铁B. 锌C. 钙D. 碘答案：C5. 细胞分裂过程中，染色体数目加倍发生在：A. 有丝分裂前期B. 有丝分裂中期C. 有丝分裂后期D. 减数分裂第一次分裂答案：C6. 下列关于酶的描述，错误的是：A. 酶是活细胞产生的B. 酶是蛋白质或RNAC. 酶可以提高化学反应速率D. 酶在反应后被消耗答案：D7. 人体中，血红蛋白的主要功能是：A. 运输氧气B. 运输二氧化碳C. 调节酸碱平衡D. 储存能量答案：A8. 以下哪种激素不属于内分泌腺分泌的激素？A. 胰岛素B. 甲状腺激素C. 肾上腺素D. 消化酶答案：D9. 人体免疫系统中，负责识别和攻击外来病原体的是：A. 红细胞B. 白细胞C. 血小板D. 血浆答案：B10. 人体细胞中，负责储存遗传信息的是：A. 线粒体B. 核糖体C. 内质网D. 细胞核答案：D二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）1. 细胞膜的主要功能是________和________。
答案：保护细胞内部结构；控制物质进出2. 人体中，负责合成和分泌胰岛素的腺体是________。
答案：胰腺3. 光合作用中，光能被转化为________和________。
答案：化学能；热能4. 人体中，负责运输氧气的蛋白质是________。
答案：血红蛋白5. 人体免疫系统中，负责识别和攻击外来病原体的细胞是________。
上海中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题(含答案)
上海中学2023学年第二学期期中考试英语试题高一______班学号______ 姓名______ 成绩______Ⅰ．Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1．A．15 dollars. B．20 dollars. C．25 dollars. D．45 dollars.2．A．To the gallery. B．To the dentist’s.C．To her flat. D．To the garage.3．A．She was fired by the company. B．She broke the law.C．She is on leave right now. D．She is replacing the company’s website.4．A．Patient and doctor. B．Resident and government official.C．Customer and insurance agent. D．Boss and secretary.5．A．He was sitting opposite Mr. Johnson. B．He is planning a farewell party for Mr. Johnson.C．All the tasks that Mr. Johnson did failed. D．He is glad Mr. Johnson left the company.6．A．She prefers dogs to cats.B．She had a close relationship with the man’s daughter.C．She used to sorrow over her dog’s death.D．She is always in low spirits.7．A．The woman should get the chips herself. B．The woman shouldn’t eat chips.C．The woman used to have several heart attacks. D．The woman warned the man against heart attacks. 8．A．They plan to have the meeting in another place.B．The availability of the meeting room will be discussed.C．They have already had the meeting.D They will have the meeting sometime later.9．A．The car’s demand greatly exceeds supply.B．The woman has listed the car’s advantages.C．The woman received a car a month ago. D．The woman didn’t like the car.10．A．She won’t do the presentation.B．She needs to collect a lot of data for the presentation.C．She is still at an early stage of preparation for the presentation.D．The topic is most important for the presentation.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked some questions on the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but thequestions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you’ve heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11．A．The type of food you freeze. B．The way you warm up the frozen food.C．Whether the freezer bags are sealed. D．What temperature you set your freezer to. 12．A．Because they can be easily stocked.B．Because they fit well in the fridge.C．Because they come in different sizes and shapes. D．Because they help to keep the dry food dry 13．A．Prevent people from eating too much food.B．Stop people from removing food that hasn’t gone bad.C．Make people become cautious about eating unhealthy food.D．Make people become ambitious in making use of leftover food.Questions 14 through 17 are based on the following passage.14．A．Postpone retirement age. B．Involve more women in work.C．Hire more foreign workers. D．Attract workers with high salaries.15．A．Relieve pressure on human nursing care.B．Take care of children and the elderly.C．Finally replace humans in workforce. D．Give humans more time to r creative work. 16．A．Robots can’t do certain work. B．Some people don’t accept robots.C．The expenses for robots are still high. D．The functions of robots need improving.17．A．Japan struggles to fight workforce shortage.B．Japanese attitudes towards robots change a lot.C．Robots have played a major role in Japan’s industry.D．Robots can help in Japanese workforce shortage.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following conversation.18．A．The cruise liner will provide all sorts of food and entertainment.B．Only half of the cabins will be filled up.C．The prices of unsold tickets will be reduced.D．Everyone will be able to afford the ticket.19．A．Book tickets as soon as they are available. B．Closely watch the changes of ticket prices C．Compare deals from different sources. D．Keep in contact with a travel age n you can trust. 20．A．Because cruise tours are only suitable for people who have much free time.B．Because he can work part-time to earn money to pay for the tour.C．Because doing price research and comparing takes time.D．Because he can sail shortly after buying the cheap ticket.Ⅱ．Grammar and VocabularySection A Multiple Choice21．No man is useless in this world ______ lightens the burden of someone else.A．which B．that C．who D．as22．______ be considered for the role of team leader in our upcoming project?A．Who do you suggest that should B．Who do you suggestC．Whom do you suggest should D．Do you suggest who should23．I’m now applying to graduate school, ______ means someday I’ll return to a profession ______people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want.A．which, as B．which, which C．which, where D．as, in which24．The reason ______ she gave for her resignation was ______ she wanted to pursue her passion for travel and exploration.A．that, that B．why, that C．why, because D．/, because25．It might be years ______ we ______ the creation of artificial intelligence systems capable of true human-like cognition.A．since, made possible B．before, make possibleC．since, made possible that D．before, make it possible26．The budget for the project ended up being twice ______, causing unexpected financial strain on the company. A．how it intended to B．that it had intended toC．as it intended to D．what it was intended to27．It was ______ she took her first step onto foreign soil ______ signaled the beginning of a journey filled with unknown adventures and unforgettable experiences.A．the moment, that B．the moment, whenC．the moment when, that D．the moment when, which28．The complexities of the English language are ______ even native speakers cannot always communicate effectively, ______ almost every American learns on his first day in Britain.A．so that, as B．such that, as C．so that, with D．such that, in that29．His confidence and strong will clearly show that he is no longer ______ he used to be the first time ______ he undertook such a demanding task.A．who, when B．who, / C．what, / D．what, that30．It was not so much her talent ______ her perseverance and determination ______ motivated her to the top of her field.A but. that B．as, that C．nor, which D．like, which31．______ the children tracked mud all over them again.A．No sooner did he sweep the floors clean than B．Hardly had he sweep the floors clean whenC．Barely he had swept the floors clean than D．Scarcely had he swept the floors clean when32．Although the suspect insisted ______ alone during the time of the crime, the court still demanded ______ evidence to support his alibi.A．being at home, he should provide B．he be at home, he providedC．he was at home, be provide D．he was at home, he providing33．Visitors are permitted to take photographs for personal use only, ______ stated otherwise by the museum staff. A．though B．if C．as D．unless34．The recipe book features helpful ______, making it easier for learners to visualize the cooking process.A．explanation B．demonstrations C．illustrations D．presentations35．The heroic idea that ______ qualities such as excellence, generosity courage, loyalty and dignity is highly valued and modeled.A．embraces B．identifies C．examines D．criticizes36．______ by the work pressure, he has been experiencing serious physical symptoms of stress and had to turn to a therapist for help.A．Overwhelmed B．Disappointed C．Frustrated D．Shocked37．After witnessing her tireless dedication to practice every day, the parents were ______ her enthusiasm for playing the piano.A．concerned with B．committed to C．informed of D convinced of38．When we ______ the data further, we can identify specific trends and patterns that may not be evident at first glance.A．break up B．break out C．break through D．break down39．The temptation for a declining church to ______ old privileges is strong.A．hang on to B．settle for C．pass up D．sign for40．After signing the contract, every employee is ______ fulfill their duties and conform to the rules made by the company.A．reluctant to B．obliged to C．motivated to D．honored to41．Due to the long-term environmental and financial benefits, renewable energy technologies are ______ A．worthwhile to develop B．worth being developedC．worthy to be developed D．worthy of developingSection B VocabularyDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Stressed out? Get chewing: can a wellness rebrand make Americans buy gum again?When was the last time you saw someone chewing gum? 1998, maybe? 2007? Chances are, it probably wasn’t recently. Like high heels and affordable housing, chewing gum appears to be going 42Gum’s popularity has been fading globally thanks to increased competition from products like breath mints and mobile phones distracting us from impulse purchases while shopping. The pandemic, moreover, 43 ·accelerated gum’s decline.Even after people 44 from lockdown, sales didn’t recover. Gum sales worldwide in 2023 were 10% below 2018 figures. In the US, the drop has been particularly pronounced: last year 1.2 billion units of gum were sold in the US, 32% fewer than in 2018.However, chewing gum, in various forms, is one of the oldest habits there is. Stone age teenagers were chewing birch bar k tar possibly for pleasure, medicinal purposes, or to use it as a glue. Gum has also been loaded with culturalmeaning and the subject of various 45 panics. Some people believe it is a marker of the bad kids or a habit of the lower class.Despite a certain amount of social stigma（污名）attached to gum, it has - until relatively recently -been a wildly successful product. That’s thanks to William Wrigley Jr, who was a marketing and advertising genius. Wrigley always 46 to find a way to make gum relevant and insert it into consumer culture. For example, Wrigley advertised the idea that chewing gum was a health aid that would help digestion and would relieve stress.This year the Wrigley brand’s owner —Mars—came out with an ad campaign it hopes will revive gum’s 47 by positioning it as an almost instant stress reliever. Linking gum with wellness worked in the 1910s, but is it going to work now? Alex Hayes at the food consultancy is 48 optimistic. “The global well ness market is estimated to be worth more than $1.5 trillion, so it’s no surprise that Mars wants a piece of the pie,” Hayes says. “We’ve seen the success of categories such as tea promoting their products via functional 49 and messaging-teas for good sleep, mental clarity, stress relief, etc. So it comes as no surprise that Mars is risking the same 50 .” But he also notes, customers are increasingly worried about processed foods and are eager to move away from artificial 51 . There’s still ongoing discussion on just how effective repositioning chewable plastic as a health supplement is going to be. Ⅲ．Reading ComprehensionSection A ClozeDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It’s safe to say Jeremy Scott is having a lucky year. In March while working as a chauffeur, he told his boss about his plans to set up a driving business. By the end of the journey, Scott’s boss had offered to 52 his idea-a starting capital along with the gift of a £110,000 limousine（豪车）to kick start the business.Of course, there’s an element of luck to everyone’s career. Whether you’re a chief executive or an artist — your 53 won’t be based on hard work alone. For example, the place you were born 54 your education. It determines whether you learn to read, write or complete qualifications, which 55 limits your career choices.Many people believe success is down to talent and hard work, but “this is because most people underestimate the role of 56 ”, says psychologist Dr Elizabeth Nutt Williams. “We do a lot of work to prepare for ourcareers-education, training, taking advantage of mentoring-all of which tend to be in our control.” People don’t like to acknowledge the role of luck in their work, as it 57 this feeling of being in control, adds Williams.Everyone remembers working hard, so people are more likely to overestimate how much of their success is down to diligence than something much more 58 like luck.The reality of success （at least in terms of 59 ）is less clear cut. In the UK, studies show where you are born is likely to determine how much you earn.2017 research found that there is a “class pay gap’’, where professional employers from 60 backgrounds are paid almost £7,000 less a year — despite having the same role, education and experience as colleagues from more privileged families. 61 , black graduates earn up to 23% less per hour than white university leavers, whereas woman in the UK earn 14% less on average than men.Socio-economic status also plays a big role in the 62 you enter. A recent study by the Debrett’s Foundation found seven in every 10 young people aged 16-25 use 63 to get their first job. While research has shown that less able, richer children are 35% more likely to become high earners than their brighter. poorer peers.The truth is: chance and coincidences 64 our careers more than we like to think. Realizing that parts of your career are out of your control sounds 65 , but being grateful for the role of luck in your career can actually make you more fortunate.This is because when you acknowledge the role of luck in your work, you become prepared to take advantage of more fortunate moments. “Chance events occur·but it is all about the individual’s 66 to see those events as possibilities and their willingness to take a risk,” says Williams.52．A．challenge B．adopt C．finance D．reject53．A．performances B．accomplishments C．assessments D．outcomes54．A．accounts for B．applies to C．makes up for D．depends on55．A．in reward B．after all C．in turn D．by nature56．A．chance B．accident C．education D．diligence57．A．emphasizes B．overlooks C．maintains D．weakens58．A．manageable B．vital C．slippery D．minor59．A．reputation B．income C．education D．occupation60．A．wealthier B．poorer C．unique D．diverse61．A．Nevertheless B．Contrarily C．Consequently D．Similarly62．A．profession B．circle C．community D．university63．A．certificates B．online platforms C．career fairs D．family connections64．A．contribute to B．result from C．add to D．hold back65．A．inspiring B．encouraging C．appealing D．discouraging66．A．reluctance B．eagerness C．readiness D．resolutionSection B Passages（A）When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes to mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee.74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the burnt garlic’s smell, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with. To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves（蒜瓣）in an electric oven, and after they’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and pac ks them in dripbags.“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,” the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News. “It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnant women.”“The bitterness of burned garl ic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds. He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic isthoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee. If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, lwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen（$2.8）. 67．Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “blunder” in the second paragraph?A mistake B．show C．mixture D．brand68．Who is NOT suitable to drink garlic coffee?A．A student having trouble with sleep B．A woman bearing a baby.C．A cleaner working on a day shift. D．A young lady sick of garlic.69．Which of the following is NOT characteristic of garlic coffee?A．It is caffeine-free. B．Garlic powder dissolves in waterC．The burnt garlic create s bitterness. D．It is an improvement on a garlic dish.70．Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai?A．Venturous and greedy B．Innovative and perseverantC．Hardworking and cautious D．Observant and helpful（B）71．By “how they stacked up” in paragraph 1, the author probably means “how they ______.”A．make sense to manufacturers B．get stuck in storesC are compared with each other D．are piled up together72．Which of the following devices favourably reacts to users?A．Dreampad pillow B．Eight sleep trackerC．Smart Nora Wireless Snoring Solution D．Nightingale Smart Home Sleep System73．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A．The Eight keeps the entire bed at the same temperature.B．The Nightinga, is an economical but perfect device.C．Soft music is applied to all these four devices.D．One in three people suffer from sleep problem.（C）One way to divide up the world is between people who like to explore new possibilities and those who stick to the tried and true. In fact, the tension between betting on a sure thing and taking a chance that something unexpected and wonderful might happen troubles human and nonhuman animals alike.Take songbirds, for example. The half-dozen finches（雀）resting at my desk feeder all summer know exactly what they’ll find there: black sunflower seed, and lots of it. Meanwhile, the warblers（莺）exploring the woods nearby don’t depend on this predictable food source in fine weather. As food hunters, they enjoy less exposure to predators and, as a bonus, the chance to meet the perfect mate flying from tree to tree.This “explore-exploit” trade-off（权衡）has prompted scores of lab studies, computer simulations and algorithms （算法）, trying to determine which strategy brings in the greatest reward. Now a new study of human behavior in the real world, published last month in the journal Nature Communications, shows that in good times, there isn’t much of a difference between pursuing novelty and sticking to the status quo（原状）. When the going gets tough. however, explorers are the winners.The new study, led by Shay O’Farrell and James Sanchirico, both of the Univ ersity of California, Davis, along with Orr Spiegel of Tel Aviv University, examined the routes and results of nearly 2,500 commercial fishing trips in the Gulf of Mexico over a period of 2.5 years. The study focused on “bottom longline” fishing, a system where hundreds of lines are attached to a horizontal bar that is then lowered to reach the sea bed. Dr. O’Farrell explained the procedure this way: Go to a location and put the line down. Stay for a few hours. The lines are a mile long and have a buoy （浮标）at either end. When they pull that up, they assess the catch, and then decide if they will stay or move on to a different spot.Over two years of collecting data under various climate conditions, the researchers discovered that the fishermen were fairly c onsistent. “The exploiters would go to a smaller set of locations over and over, and go with what theyknow,” Dr. O’Farrell said. The explorers would constantly try a wider range; they’d sample new places.In the long run, there wasn’t a huge difference in payoffs between the two groups, perhaps due to the sharing information between fishing crews, said Dr. O’Farrell. But in challenging times, the study’s message was clear: “You can try new things in the face of uncertainty.”74．The author takes the songbird as an example to indicate that ______.A．like birds, humans tend to be satisfied with the predictableB．some birds are used to looking for food instead of being fedC．there exist the conservative and the adventurous like humansD．birds choose different ways to look for food in different weather75．According to the third paragraph, people who mastered “explore-exploit” trade-off ______.A．will choose either to pursue novelty or keep the status quoB．are ready to risk in time of difficultyC．will be tough in good times and bad timesD．will grow to be experts in lab studies76．Which can be inferred from the new study led by Shay O’Farrell and James Sanchirico?A．The two groups react to the unexpected differently.B．The “explore-exploit” trade-off helps scientific research a lot.C．The exploiters are used to fishing based solely on their experience.D．The explorers tend to achieve more than the exploiters in the long run.77．Which of the following can be the best title for passage?A．How the Exploiter differs from the Explorer B．How to Become a Productive FishermanC．What is “Explore-Exploit” Trade-off D．When to take risks mattersSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Maya loved cacao so much that they used the beans as currency. They also believed it is good for you—which many people still say today about cacao’s most famous byproduct, chocolate. 78 . While some have suggested that less than an ounce of dark chocolate might improve heart health, much of the research doesn’t involve eating actual chocolate but rather its components — flavanol, especially.79 . In a clinical trial of 21,000 adults, they found that the half of the group that took500mg of. cocoaflavanol supplements daily had a significantly lower risk of death from cardiovascular disease than those who had taken a placebo（安慰剂）.Flavanols may also boost insulin sensitivity, according to some studies, which might be helpful in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes（糖尿病）. 80 . Those at risk of diabetes might be wise to choose a cacao-inspired supplement instead of eating chocolate—and the sugar it contains. Other research suggests that the flavanols found in cacao （also present in fruits, vegetables, and tea）could slow cognitive decline during aging, or even boost brain performance by improving blood flow to the cerebral cortex.What these findings mean for chocolate is limited, however. Participants would have had to eat multiple fat and sugar filled chocolate bars a day to source 500mg of flavanols. 81 . So understanding why certain types of chocolate are healthier than the rest is the focus of further research.Ⅳ．Fill in the BlanksHow sneaker culture took over the worldSneakers have come a long way from when they were first invented in 1860s England for the upper-class playing croquet（槌球）and tennis.Long worn for function 82 82 fashion, today sneakers have become an entire culture—both a form of self-expression and a high art found in museum exhibits and designer auction houses.83 transformed sneaker culture into a true phenomenon was the 1985 release of Nike’s Air Jordan 1s. In 1984, Michael Jordan was a talented rookie who had yet to play in a professional game. 84 that, Nike saw Jordan as the future of their brand, signing him to a five-year, $2.5 million endorsement（代言）deal. 85 Jordan matured into one of the greatest basketball players of all time, the sneaker’s popularity skyrocketed.Meanwhile, another cultural shift 86 （take）place with casual Fridays introduced in white-collar businesses. It was when men were allowed to put aside their suits and wear something one day a week that showed people who they really were.As sneakers became increasingly desired, footwear companies turned to 87 （generate）even more publicity by collaborating with celebrities and luxury brands, as well as releasing small batches of limited-edition shoes with eye-pop ping designs.Celebrities also started their collaborations with sneaker brands, which helped target a whole new demographic of people to experience sneaker culture. It was a blending of high and low fashion, 88 the shoe industry has never really seen before. A pair that Jordan wore in his legendary final NBA season 89 （sell ）even for $2.2 mllion, making them the most expensive sneakers ever to appear at auction.By the mid-2010s, speakers 90 （become）solid gold status symbols. Wearing rare and cool sneakers became an expression of one’s social status. But not until recently, sneakers are finally getting their due as part of our cultural heritage—and particularly how Black culture has shaped that heritage. It took decades for the sneaker industry to recognize that 91 these Black athletes or artists that championed their products there would be no sneaker culture.Ⅴ．Translations92．结果看来这项传统的确值得传承给我们的后代。
北京市2023—2024学年高一下学期期中考试语文试卷含答案
北京市2023～2024学年第二学期期中考试高一语文（答案在最后）2024年4月班级姓名考号（考试时间150分钟满分150分）提示：试卷答案请一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
在答题卡上，选择题用2B 铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色签字笔作答。
一、本大题共5小题，共18分。
阅读下面材料，完成下面小题。
材料一阅读是伟大的文化发明，但文字出现的历史非常短暂，人类尚不足以进化出一个先天的“阅读脑”。
这意味着，我们无法仅依靠遗传获得阅读技能。
我们之所以能够完成从“非阅读脑”到“阅读脑”的转变，既有赖于先天的大脑特性，又有赖于后天的阅读训练。
虽然人类没有进化出“阅读脑”，但先天拥有“口语脑”。
口语是人类自然习得的本能。
通过遗传，每一个准备接受阅读训练的个体已经具备了从语音通达语义的口语加工脑区和环路。
这些加工口语的脑区与环路即是“阅读脑”形成的开端。
从出生到死亡，人类的大脑并非一成不变，你可以把大脑想象成一台持续更新的机器，始终处于调整变化中。
这种能够不停“重组”的特性被称为“脑的神经可塑性”。
后天的阅读训练，有针对性地促成了先天脑的重组，其中最重要的改变当属视觉词形区的出现。
法国认知神经科学家斯坦尼斯拉斯•德阿纳比较了无阅读能力（文盲）和有阅读能力的两组成年人，发现在阅读任务中，有阅读能力组的左脑梭状回（即视觉词形区）在观看文字时的活跃强度要高于观看人脸、房屋等其他视觉刺激时的活跃强度；而文盲组，相应的脑区未发现异常活跃现象。
这一发现首次直接证明了阅读训练对脑区功能的塑造作用。
除此之外，阅读还会“改写”大脑的灰质和白质结构。
一项追踪研究发现，与刚入学时相比，儿童在二年级时，左半球的顶下小叶、中央前回和中央后回的灰质体积有所减小，推测是阅读训练引发了相关脑区神经突触的修剪过程，使这些脑区变得更加精简高效。
另一项研究发现，8-10岁儿童在接受100小时的阅读训练后，白质纤维束的走向一致性显著增强，意味着不同脑区之间的信息传输能力有所提高。
2023-2024学年广东省普宁市高一下册期中考试地理模拟试题(附答案)
2023-2024学年广东省普宁市高一下学期期中考试地理模拟试题第Ⅰ卷1、选择题：本题共30个小题，每小题2分，共60分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
河南省面积并不大，但却成为我国人口大省，2018年末总人口为10906万人，比2017年增加53万人，常住人口占全国总人口的6.9%，排在广东省、山东省之后居全国第三位。
读我国人口密度分布图，完成下面1-3小题。
1．与河南相比，目前，广东省成为我国人口第一大省的主要原因是（）A．历史悠久，自然条件优越B．地处经济发达地区C．地处沿海，面积更大D．矿产资源丰富，开发利用充分2．乙地区水资源严重影响其人口分布，该省区人口主要分布在（）A．地形平坦的中部地区B．山麓地带的绿洲C．水资源丰富的河湖沿岸D．矿产资源丰富地区3．图中甲省区面积广大，自然环境恶劣，环境承载力较小，人口密度很小，请为该省区产业发展提出合理建议（）A．电子装配工业B．采矿业C．旅游业D．种植业暑假期间，家住河南省的小明去位于贵州省的姑妈家旅游，发现贵州省与河南省在城镇数量、人口密度和人口分布形式上有很大的差异。
经查阅资料，小明汇总了两省的相关数据（如下表）。
据此完成下面4-6小题。
河南省贵州省面积/万平人口/万人地区生产地形面积/万平人口/万人地区生产地形方千米总值/亿元方千米总值/亿元16.79936.658887以平原为主17.63852.019586以山地为主4．小明此次贵州之旅属于（）A．国际人口迁移B．国际人口流动C．国内人口迁移D．国内人口流动5．导致两省人口密度差异的主要因素有（）①土地面积②地形③经济④文化A．①②B．①③C．②③D．②④6．与河南省相比，贵州省（）A．内部文化差异更大B．对外交通更便利C．人口分布更均匀D．城镇数量更多自然增长率指在一定时期内（通常为一年）人口自然增长数（出生个体数减死亡个体数）与该时期内平均人口数之比；人口机械增长率是指某地某时段内迁入与迁出人口数的差值与总人口数之比。
高一下学期期中考试语文试卷含答案
高一下学期期中考试语文试卷含答案第二学期期中考试高一年级语文试卷时间：150分钟满分：160分一、语言文字运用（25分）1.下列各句中加点成语的使用，正确的一项是（3分）A．在滕王阁盛会上，面对众多前辈，XXX挥笔疾书，转瞬间，“落霞与孤鹜齐飞，秋水共长天一色”的诗句立现笔端，如朝阳喷薄而出。
B．各级党政领导要正确对待新闻监督，不要求全责备记者，而要秉持开放的态度与他们交朋友，为新闻监督创造一个良好的政治环境。
C．马帮在茶马古道上已出现了上千年，在中国大西南的土地上，一代代的赶马人用他们特有的方式走过了山高水低，走过了春夏秋冬。
D．一年内，XXX与XXX总统共举行了五次双边会谈。
如此频密的高层接触，在双方对外关系中并不多见，在国际上也属凤毛麟角。
2.下列各句中，没有语病的一项是（3分）A.今年参保者弃保达到3800万人，这种行为不仅将使劳动者个人的养老水平降低，而且还会给整个养老保险制度带来冲击。
B.微信提供了一个基于移动互联网的生态平台，大到国际纷争，小到家庭琐事甚至单位工作，都可以在这个平台上交流。
C.猎杀野生动物事件频发，解决这一问题的根本途径在于严格执法，地方政府要督促林业、公安等部门对进山人员的监管力度。
D.公共文化服务体系是政府的各种文化机构和服务的总和，旨在以保障大众的多层次、多样化、整体性的公共利益为目的。
3.下面都是与二十四节气相关的诗句，以时间为序，从前到后排列正确的一项是(3分)①处暑无三日，新凉直万金。
②邯郸驿里逢冬至，抱膝灯前影伴身。
③始出XXX结，今来白露晞。
④正好清明连谷雨，一杯香茗坐其间。
⑤天将XXX交春半，谁见枝头花历乱。
⑥霜降滮池浅，秋深太白明。
A.④⑤①③⑥②B.⑤④⑥③①②C.④⑤①⑥③②D.⑤④①③⑥②4.下列语句中，修辞手法与其他三项不同的一项是(3分)A.中国是报纸文艺副刊的大国，副刊一开始就起着文艺摇篮的作用，发掘新人和新作一直是副刊的优良传统。
B.硅谷正处于互联网第一轮经济泡沫期，常有公司上市后人们一夜暴富的传说。
浙江省普通高中高一下学期期中模拟考试数学试题含答案
浙江省普通高中高一下学期期中模拟考试数 学 试 题（时间：100分钟； 满分：120分）一、选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题4分，满分40分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）1.已知()()3,2,,1a b k ==，且a ∥b ，则k 的值是（ ）A ．23B ．23-C ．32D ．32-2.在ABC ∆中，若1,3,30a b A ===，则B =（ ）A.60B.60或120C. 30或150D. 120 3.下列各式中，值为12的是（ ） A ．0sin15cos15 B ．22cossin 1212ππ-C ．0cos 42sin12sin 42cos12- D ．020tan 22.51tan 22.5- 4．若βα,都是锐角，且5sin 13α=，()4cos 5αβ+=-，则βsin 的值是（ ）A ．5665B ．1665C ．3365D ．63655.在ABC ∆中，c b a ,,分别是三内角C B A ,,的对边，且C A 22sin sin -＝()B B A sin sin sin -，则角C 等于（ ）A ．6πB ．3πC ．65π D ．32π6.若平面向量,,a b c 两两所成的角相等，且1,3a b c ===，则a b c ++等于（ ）A ．2B ．5C ．2或5D ．25或 7.在ABC ∆中，若31cos =A ，:=3:2AB AC ，则sin B 的值为（ ） A ．23 B ．79 C ．322 D ．4298．定义两个平面向量的一种新运算sin ,a b a b a b ⊗=⋅，（其中><b a ,表示b a ,的夹角），则对于两个平面向量,a b ，下列结论不一定成立的是（ ）A.a b b a ⊗=⊗B.2222()()a b a b a b ⊗+=⋅ C.()()a b a b λλ⊗=⊗ D.若0a b ⊗=，则a b 与平行9．给出下列4个命题： ①若B A 2sin 2sin =，则ABC ∆是等腰三角形； ②若B A cos sin =，则ABC ∆是直角三角形； ③若0cos cos cos <C B A ，则ABC ∆是钝角三角形；④若1)cos()cos()cos(=---A C C B C A ，则ABC ∆是等边三角形.其中正确的命题是（ ）A ．①③B ．③④C ．①④D ．②③ 10．已知两个平面向量m,n 满足：对任意的R λ∈,恒有()2m nm m n λ+--≥，则（ ） A ．m m n =- B ．m n =C ．m m n =+D ．2m n =二、填空题（本大题共7小题，每小题4分，满分28分）11．若O 为坐标原点，(1,1)OA -=，(3,5)AB =，则点B 的坐标为 ； 12．已知α为锐角，4sin 5α=，则tan()4πα+= ； 13．求值0013sin10cos10-＝ ； 14．设ABC ∆的内角C B A ,,所对的边分别为,,,c b a 且b c C a =+21cos ，则角A = ； 15．已知A 船在灯塔C 北偏东80处，且A 船到灯塔C 的距离为2km ，B 船在灯塔C 北偏西 40处，B A 、两船间的距离为7km ，则B 船到灯塔C 的距离为 ；16．已知ABC ∆中，060A ∠=,3BC =,则2AB AC +的最大值为 ；17．如图，在平行四边形ABCD 中，AP BD ⊥,垂足为P ,3AP =, 点Q 是BCD ∆内（包括边界）的动点，则AP AQ ∙的取值范围是 .三、解答题(本大题共5小题，满分52分。
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2010级高一第二学期期中考试模拟题一、选择题1．下面演进示意图可以直接用来论证我国古代（）A．商业运输方式的变化B．手工业技术的进步C．经济结构的变化D．农业耕作方式的变化2．《国语·晋语》中记载“公食贡，大夫食邑，士食田，庶人食力，工商食官”。
说明（）A．商周时期手工业被官府垄断B．民营手工业得到迅速发展C．家庭手工业是主要经营形态D．手工业开始成为独立生产部门3．祈盼“五谷丰登”、“六畜兴旺”是我国古代劳动人民的美好愿望，这反映了中国古代农业经济的一个特点是（）A．古代劳动人民有家畜养殖的传统B．以种植业为主，家畜饲养业为辅C．采用“男耕女织”式的经营方式D．用牛力耕田的农业生产模式日益完善4．张履祥《补农书·总论》申说：“吾里田地，上农夫一人止能治田十亩，散田多者辄佃人种植而收其租。
又人稠地密，不易得田，故贫者赁田以耕，亦其势也。
”此现象主要反映了（）A．奴隶与奴隶主之间的关系B．资本主义雇佣劳动关系出现C．租佃关系进一步发展D．农民的人身依附关系增强5．清代陶煦在《租核·推原》中提到：“金宝庐舍，转瞬灰烬，惟有田者，岿然而独无恙。
故上自绅富，下至委巷工贾胥吏之俦，赢十百金，即莫不志在良田。
”该史料所反映的准确历史信息是（）A．当时国家管理混乱，火灾频发B．重农抑商思想根深蒂固C．田租是当时主要的收入D．资本主义萌芽的出现6．春秋战国时期是我国传统农业经济形成和发展的关键时期，下列有关该时期经济发展特点的叙述正确的有（）①铁犁牛耕的耕作方式开始形成②传统自耕农经济形成并开始成长③精耕细作技术进入全面成熟期④官府垄断商业的局面已被打破A．①②④B．①②③C．②③④D．①②③④7．斯塔夫里阿诺斯的《全球通史》在“宋朝的黄金时代”的标题下写道，除了文化上的成就外，宋朝时期值得注意的是发生了一场名副其实的商业革命，对整个欧亚大陆有重大意义。
下列属于这场“商业革命”的史实是（）A．出现独立经营的商人B．大量的商业市镇兴起C．生产领域出现工场手工业D．流通领域出现纸币8．某学生分析下表，得出了四项结论，其中正确的是（）农业税（万贯）非农业税（万贯）农业税：非农业税至道末年（997年）2408.1 1567.3 60：40天禧末年（1021年）2641.2 3874.0 40：60熙宁十年（1077年）2021.3 5117.2 28：72③政府财政收入越来越倚仗于非农业税④重农抑商政策已不再实施A．①②B．①④C．②③D．③④9．传统文化是现代流行文化的重要灵感源泉。
《青花瓷》这首歌在同学们中间广为传唱。
“素坯勾勒出青花笔锋浓转淡”，“色白花青的锦鲤跃然于碗底”，传神地表达了青花瓷的特点。
下列关于青花瓷的说法不正确的是（）A．青花瓷的出现要早于青瓷、白瓷B．青花瓷的烧制成功，使瓷器与书画的结合更为紧密C．青花瓷是一种彩瓷，景德镇是其重要产地D．元代以后，包括青花瓷在内的瓷器大量销往海外10．唐代诗人王绩《田家》一诗中写道：“依床看妇织，登垄课儿锄。
”对诗中反映的生产模式表述错误的是（）A．生产中存在雇佣与被雇佣的关系B．以家庭为生产生活单位C．生产的目的是为了生活的需要和缴纳赋税 D．农业和家庭手工业相结合11．2007年12月，我国考古工作者在南宋古沉船“南海一号”中打捞出部分青瓷和白瓷。
出水时瓷器釉色清亮，仿佛新出窑一般。
据此形成的以下认识，符合历史事实的是（）A．中国的制瓷技术始于南宋B．南宋时期的青瓷和白瓷都是从海外进口的C．青瓷和白瓷是中国著名的传统瓷器D．南宋的青瓷和白瓷全部产于景德镇12．《柳南续笔》载“今棉之为用，可以御寒，可以生暖，盖老少贵贱无不赖之。
其衣被天下后世，为功殆过于蚕桑也”。
反映了（）A．棉花在内地的传播B．松江成为棉纺织中心C．推广先进的棉纺织技术D．棉布成为广大民众的主要衣料13．关于徽商和晋商的表述，不正确的是（）A．产生于明清时期B．城镇经济繁荣和发展的产物C．支配某些手工业生产活动D．他们的发展使海外贸易税收成为国库财富的主要来源14．康熙皇帝任命曹雪芹的祖父曹寅主持江宁织造局的生产。
根据当时的制度，该局生产（）A．全部投放市场，收入归皇室B．部分用于纳税，部分投放市场C．全部供皇室使用，不投放市场D．部分供皇室使用，部分投放市场15．明朝迁都北京之后，运河漕运发达，天津“粮艘商舶，鱼贯而进，迨无虚日”。
清朝一度解除海禁，有天津文人描绘说：“百宝都丛海舶来……怪怪奇奇洋货街。
”能够涵盖材料信息并反映天津历史发展的表述是（）A．明、清时期天津经济持续繁荣B．运河漕运使天津商贸不断发展C．海上运输业兴起促成了天津商贸持续繁荣D．水运通道便捷保证了天津商贸不断发展16．16世纪晚期，山东某地开始出现“地多烟草、木棉、转卖四方，五谷之利不及其半”的情况，这说明当时该地（）①农业经济衰退②农业结构发生变化③商品经济发展④农产品加工业兴起A．①②B．②③C．③④D．①③17．在中国古代相当长的时间内，官营手工业占有优势，它的主要特点是（）①由政府直接经营，进行集中的大作坊生产②主要生产武器和供官府、贵族消费的生活用品③占据技术人才和原料优势，生产不计成本④主要是为市场生产精美商品和为对外贸易提供精品A．①②③④B．①②③C．①③④D．①②④18．成语“朝秦暮楚”有多种解释，如比喻立场不坚定。
假如用在商业上，该成语可以从侧面反映中国古代（）①商人为获利而往来奔波②商业交通比较发达③长途贩运的商业现象④秦楚两地商业最发达A．①②③B．①④C．①③④D．②③④19．明清时期（鸦片战争之前），中国在农耕文明轨道上发展到一个新的高峰，并分离出一些迥异于传统经济模式的变异，这些变异带有向工业文明演进的趋向。
其中“迥异于传统经济模式的变异”主要是指（）A．私营手工业占据了主导地位B．“机户出资，机工出力”的雇佣关系C．江南出现以经济功能为主的工商业市镇 D．白银逐步成为普遍流通的货币20．明清时期很多著名的晋商在经商发财后往往大兴土木，留下了诸如下图所示的一些著名建筑。
这一现象对社会进步所产生的消极影响主要表现为（）A．缩小了晋商文化的内涵B．助长了铺张浪费的不良习俗C．影响了工商业扩大再生产D．影响农业经济的商品化进程21．《三言两拍》里有很多关于社会现象的描写，其中有这么一段话：杨八志（陕西商人）与李氏商议道：“我年近三旬，读书不就，家事日渐消乏。
祖上在闽、广为商，我欲凑些资本，买办货物，往漳州商贩，图几分利息，以为赡家之资，不知娘子意下如何?”该材料反映了（）A．资本主义萌芽出现B．八股取士扼杀人才C．重农抑商的社会风气D．长途贩运发展22．明朝万历年间，掌握纺织专业技能的人口开始进入苏州城。
清晨，这些有技术的“机工”伫立桥头，等待拥有织机和机房的“机户”雇佣，暮息而归。
这种现象实质上反映了（）A．手工业的发展使劳动力需求增加B．农业的发展使农村出现了富裕劳动力C．劳动力的商品化开始出现D．资本主义生产关系开始普及23．明朝中后期资本主义萌芽产生的主要条件是（）①农业生产的发展②手工业水平的提高③商品经济空前繁荣④海外贸易不断扩大A．①③④B．①②③C．①②③④D．②③④24．“直到1500年以前，大西洋一直是一道栅栏，一个终点。
到1500年左右，它一变而为一座桥梁，一个起程点了。
”导致这一变化的直接原因是（）A．新航路的开辟B．资本主义的兴起C．欧洲的殖民扩张D．工业革命的开展25．下图是意大利传教士利玛窦（1552--1610）向明朝皇帝进献的《坤舆万国全图》。
该图的绘制的时间应该在（）A．新航路开辟前B．新航路开辟后C．工业革命时期D．第二次工业革命时期26．“实际上，严格的全球意义上的世界历史直到哥伦布、达·伽马和麦哲伦进行远航探险时才开始的。
”主要是由于（）A．欧洲的商路和贸易中心发生转移B．地域性历史逐渐演变为世界历史C．人类社会开始出现资本主义萌芽D．殖民制度和殖民掠夺登上历史舞台27．“英国是最先发生工业革命的国家……再不需要把黑人当作商品从非洲运走，而要把他们当做劳动力留在非洲来生产原料，并为资本主义国家准备市场。
”造成“把黑人当作商品从非洲运走”到“把他们当做劳动力留在非洲来生产原料”转变的根本原因是（）A．奴隶贸易不符合英国的道德标准B．非洲开展的工业革命已经进行C．奴隶贸易不符合资本主义发展需要D．英国资本主义生产力的发展28．第一次工业革命中蒸汽机的广泛应用给人类社会带来的影响有（）①使工厂摆脱了自然力的限制②加快工业化、城市化的速度③对大气造成了严重的污染④带来了铁路、航海运输的革命A．①②③④B．①②③C．①②④D．②③④29．“蒸汽时代”和“电气时代”是人类工业文明进程中的里程碑，它们都（）①始于棉纺织业②与交通工具的革新相关③推动了殖民扩张④使资本主义的生产组织发生深刻的变化A．①②③④B．①②③C．②③④D．①②④30．19世纪上半期，当蒸汽机车轰鸣奔驰的时候，衣冠楚楚的绅士、淑女与衣衫褴褛的下层人民同挤一列火车，还得到处给别人让路。
保守人士惊呼，铁路会带来某种“平等化的危险”。
民主人士拍手称快：“我看到火车真高兴，我想封建制度是永远一去不返了。
”材料主要反映了先进科技（）A．促进了资本主义的发展B．冲击了原有的社会关系C．改变了传统的社会性质D．造成了社会秩序的混乱31．查尔斯·P金德尔伯格在《世界经济霸权1500—1990》一书中记录的英国每年申请专利数变化如下图。
下列现象与图中反映的历史事实有明显因果关系的是（）A．君主立宪制的形成B．垄断组织的出现C．工业革命的发展D．殖民霸权的确立32．20世纪初，美国华尔街开始流行一个段子：老师问学生：是谁创造了世界?学生回答：是上帝在公元前4004年创造了世界，但在1901年，世界又被摩根先生重组了一回。
摩根是美国著名财团的创始人，对该材料最准确的理解是（）A．反映了上帝创世说B．肯定了摩根先生的功绩C．体现了垄断资本的深刻影响D．强调了美国的世界地位33．当今世界，石油市场价格的涨跌牵动着千家万户的心。
近代推动石油开采业发展和石油化学工业产生的主要发明是（）A．蒸汽机B．发电机C．内燃机D．火车34．从经济近代化的角度看，以下四幅图片使人类由传统经济活动过渡到近代经济活动的是（）A．牛耕B．蒸汽机C．内燃机D．互联网35．近代中国的经济结构发生巨大变化，自然经济开始解体，下列现象最能说明自然经济开始解体的是（）A．农民丧失土地的现象严重B．洋纱、洋布畅销，手工棉纺织业衰败C．五口通商后关税大幅降低D．洋务派创办一批近代军事和民用工业36．曾国藩说：“……购买外洋器物，……购成之后，访募覃思之士，智巧之匠，始而演习，继而试造，不过一二年，火轮船必为中外官民通行之物，可以剿发捻，可以勤远略。